175 lines
19 KiB
XML
175 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="B8729872A126ED7E6015A9C8F4194713" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FFBDFFC7FF57FB43FE3CFDC7" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Astropyga radiata" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="28" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="27" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="B278F2738C1ADFB2C6C3B8A51D48368F">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="65B50E72933711E4FB55D9D9D07E675B">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="64D9AD5F8F1813C1C0A1E646AAF97901">Griffiths, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="89036A8A5D0BD6587631DB458FA0BB2D">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="202E4030F4666F0C75CC57E0C512882A">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FFBDFFC7FF57FB43FE3CFDC7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022650" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022650" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FFBDFFC7FF57FB43FE3CFDC7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FFBDFFC7FF57FB43FE3CFDC7" lastPageId="27" lastPageNumber="28" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFBDFFC6FF57FB43FEE3FAE3" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFBDFFC6FF57FB43FDF8FB1D" blockId="26.[151,561,1236,1296]" box="[151,561,1236,1262]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<heading id="D0A0818AFFBDFFC6FF57FB43FDF8FB1D" bold="true" box="[151,561,1236,1262]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFBDFFC6FF57FB43FDF8FB1D" bold="true" box="[151,561,1236,1262]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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*
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFBDFFC6FF6DFB43FDF8FB1D" ID-CoL="J54S" authority="(Leske, 1778)" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[173,561,1236,1262]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Astropyga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="radiata">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFBDFFC6FF6DFB43FE4DFB1D" bold="true" box="[173,388,1236,1262]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Astropyga radiata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFBDFFC6FE53FB43FDE0FB1D" author="Leske" box="[403,553,1236,1262]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" refString="Leske, N. G. (1778) Jacobi Theodori Klein naturalis disposition echinodermatum..., edita et Identificationibus novisque inventis et synonomis auctorem aucta. Addimenta ad I. T. Klein naturalem dispositionem Echinodermatum. G. E. Beer, Leipzig, 278 pp." type="book" year="1778">Leske, 1778</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFBDFFC6FF57FB60FEE3FAE3" blockId="26.[151,561,1236,1296]" box="[151,298,1271,1296]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFBDFFC6FF57FB60FF2FFAE3" box="[151,230,1271,1296]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox="[374,1244,1381,1955]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[340,1247,1379,1958]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 25. Astropyga radiata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live adult (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28211)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843377/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Fig. 25</figureCitation>
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A–C.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<caption id="DF28666EFFBDFFC6FF57F82CFE7FF803" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843377/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" targetBox="[374,1244,1381,1955]" targetPageId="26">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFBDFFC6FF57F82CFE7FF803" blockId="26.[151,1436,1979,2032]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFBDFFC6FF57F82CFEEBF822" bold="true" box="[151,290,1979,2001]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">FIGURE 25.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFBDFFC6FEECF82BFE2EF822" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[300,487,1979,2001]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Astropyga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="27" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="radiata">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFBDFFC6FEECF82BFE2EF822" box="[300,487,1979,2001]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">Astropyga radiata</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFBDFFC6FE36F82CFDC1F822" bold="true" box="[502,520,1979,2001]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">A</emphasis>
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. Map showing distribution.
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFBDFFC6FCF4F82CFC8CF822" bold="true" box="[820,837,1979,2001]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">B</emphasis>
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. Live adult (KwaZulu-Natal).
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFBDFFC6FB48F82CFB53F822" bold="true" box="[1160,1178,1979,2001]" pageId="26" pageNumber="27">C</emphasis>
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. Oral view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A28211).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFBCFFC7FF57FF0EFB2AFF18" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFBCFFC7FF57FF0EFB2AFF18" blockId="27.[151,1437,152,235]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FFBCFFC7FF57FF0EFB2AFF18" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFBCFFC7FF57FF0EFD68FF5D" ID-CoL="J54S" authority=": Alcock & Anderson, 1984: 192" authorityName="Alcock & Anderson" authorityPageNumber="192" authorityYear="1984" box="[151,673,152,174]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Astropyga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="radiata">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFBCFFC7FF57FF0EFE99FF5D" box="[151,336,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Astropyga radiata</emphasis>
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: Alcock & Anderson, 1984: 192
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFBCFFC7FD6CFF0EFCB7FF5D" author="Mortensen" box="[684,894,152,174]" page="18" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1904">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFBCFFC7FD6CFF0EFC95FF5D" author="Mortensen" box="[684,860,152,174]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Mortensen, T. (1904) The Danish Expedition to Siam 1899 - 1900. III. Echinoidea (1). Kongelige Danske Videnskabelige Selskabs, Skrifter, 7, 1 - 124." type="journal article" year="1904">Mortensen, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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: 18
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</treatmentCitation>
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–22. Pl. III,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFBCFFC7FC3BFF0FFB80FF5D" box="[1019,1097,152,174]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1666,1688]" captionTargetBox="[367,1244,1005,1643]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1247,1004,1645]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Plococdaris verticillata (SAMC-A 28236). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843357/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 15</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFBCFFC7FB94FF0FFBB9FF5D" box="[1108,1136,152,174]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="22.[151,250,872,894]" captionTargetBox="[368,1244,196,848]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[340,1247,195,851]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 19. Hygrosoma petersii (SAMC-A 22219). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843365/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">19</figureCitation>
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. Pl. IV,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFBCFFC7FB02FF0FFACAFF5D" box="[1218,1283,152,174]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionTargetBox="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 9</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFBCFFC7FACFFF0FFAE2FF5D" box="[1295,1323,152,174]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1366,1388]" captionTargetBox="[350,1259,690,1334]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[324,1262,687,1336]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 17. Stylocidaris cingulata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen (MBC-A 074000). C. Apical system of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28217)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843361/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">17</figureCitation>
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. Pl. V.
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFBCFFC7FAB4FF0FFF2AFF3F" captionStart="FIGURE 27" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1023,1045]" captionTargetBox="[376,1247,690,1001]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[340,1247,690,1002]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 27. Diadema savignyi A. Map showing distribution. B. Live specimen (KwaZulu-Natal)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843381/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFBCFFC7FF2DFF20FE06FF3F" author="Clark" box="[237,463,182,204]" page="373" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1923">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFBCFFC7FF2DFF20FE55FF3F" author="Clark" box="[237,412,182,204]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 373
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFBCFFC7FE19FF20FD7EFF3F" author="Clark" box="[473,695,182,204]" page="46" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFBCFFC7FE19FF20FD5AFF3F" author="Clark" box="[473,659,182,204]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
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: 46
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</treatmentCitation>
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–47;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFBCFFC7FD29FF21FB94FF3F" author="Clark" box="[745,1117,182,204]" page="224" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1976">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFBCFFC7FD29FF21FBE3FF3F" author="Clark" box="[745,1066,182,204]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Clark, A. & Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 224
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFBCFFC7FBA6FF21FA8CFF3F" author="Richmond" box="[1126,1349,182,204]" page="296" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFBCFFC7FBA6FF21FADBFF3F" author="Richmond" box="[1126,1298,182,204]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Richmond, M. D. (1997) A Guide to the Seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, 448 pp." type="book" year="1997">Richmond, 1997</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 296
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
; Samyn, 2003: 201,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFBCFFC7FEF9FF42FEBEFF18" box="[313,375,213,235]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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F, F’, F”;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFBCFFC7FE1BFF42FD47FF18" author="Schultz" box="[475,654,213,235]" page="88" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFBCFFC7FE1BFF42FDA3FF18" author="Schultz" box="[475,618,213,235]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 88
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
, Figs 157–161;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFBCFFC7FCF1FF42FBACFF18" author="Filander" box="[817,1125,213,235]" page="52" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" year="2014">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFBCFFC7FCF1FF42FBF6FF18" author="Filander" box="[817,1087,213,235]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Filander, Z. & Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander & Griffiths, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 52
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. Pl. I, Fig. I.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFBCFFC7FF57FE80FA98FE8F" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFBCFFC7FF57FE80FD36FEC3" blockId="27.[151,1436,279,564]" box="[151,767,279,304]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFBCFFC7FF57FE80FE49FEC3" bold="true" box="[151,384,279,304]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
MBC-A
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||
<date id="FFE91026FFBCFFC7FE25FE8FFDF2FEC3" box="[485,571,280,304]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" value="14-02-22">022214</date>
|
||
; SAMC-A28211.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFBCFFC7FF07FEA8FA98FE8F" blockId="27.[151,1436,279,564]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFBCFFC7FF07FEA8FEB9FEAB" bold="true" box="[199,368,319,344]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Identification.</emphasis>
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||
Test red, with v-shaped, naked interambulacra zones aborally, with dark spots, shinning blue in live animal; pore-pairs almost in contact orally, distant aborally; madreporite extending into interambulacra.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFBCFFC7FF07FE1CFB0FFE1F" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFBCFFC7FF07FE1CFC87FE50" blockId="27.[151,1436,279,564]" box="[199,846,395,420]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
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||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFBCFFC7FF07FE1CFE1BFE57" bold="true" box="[199,466,395,420]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
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||
Maximum test diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FFBCFFC7FD2BFE1BFC83FE50" box="[747,842,396,420]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="mm" value="118.0">118 mm</quantity>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFBCFFC7FF07FE38FB0FFE1F" blockId="27.[151,1436,279,564]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFBCFFC7FF07FE38FE7EFE3B" bold="true" box="[199,439,431,456]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Global distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
East coast region of South Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFBCFFC7FC98FE38FB40FE3B" author="Filander" box="[856,1161,431,456]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Filander, Z. & Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander & Griffiths 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Kenya (Samyn 2003), Zanzibar to Queensland, Australia, and Hawaiian Islands; littoral to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FFBCFFC7FC53FE44FC05FE18" box="[915,972,467,492]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" unit="m" value="60.0">60 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFBCFFC7FBE0FE44FB73FE1F" author="Schultz" box="[1056,1210,467,492]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFBCFFC7FF07FE60FE3CFDC7" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFBCFFC7FF07FE60FE3CFDC7" blockId="27.[151,1436,279,564]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFBCFFC7FF07FE60FEF2FDE3" bold="true" box="[199,315,503,528]" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Spines of adults and juveniles vary in colour, juvenile spines banded white and purplish-brown and those of adults a uniform color.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |