182 lines
23 KiB
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182 lines
23 KiB
XML
<document id="1479AD5401DC79783EA53B0A914CB809" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FFB5FFCFFF57FD4CFDDCFEEE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Plococidaris verticillata" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9B3BFFABAE22260BA101EA9E47ADB4CB">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="129340505E4B93EBDC8B8E9244093E0D">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9747E97BF9222658B65040055A8BA0FC">Griffiths, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="03FB73499B21B219AAD721959EE4ABA4">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="1B51B4CFCA6236E1996BCB16CBBCF801">2017</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FFB5FFCFFF57FD4CFDDCFEEE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022614" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650335" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022614" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FFB5FFCFFF57FD4CFDDCFEEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FFB5FFCFFF57FD4CFDDCFEEE" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB5FFCEFF57FD4CFEE3FCE5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB5FFCEFF57FD4CFD68FD06" blockId="18.[151,673,731,790]" box="[151,673,731,757]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<heading id="D0A0818AFFB5FFCEFF57FD4CFD68FD06" bold="true" box="[151,673,731,757]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFF57FD4CFD68FD06" bold="true" box="[151,673,731,757]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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*
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB5FFCEFF6DFD4CFD68FD06" ID-CoL="4KHFS" authority="(Lamarck, 1816)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1816" box="[173,673,731,757]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Plococidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="verticillata">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFF6DFD4CFE03FD06" bold="true" box="[173,458,731,757]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Plococidaris verticillata</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB5FFCEFE19FD4CFD50FD06" author="Lamarck" box="[473,665,731,757]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Lamarck, J. B. (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Vertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leur classes, leurs familles, leurs generes, et le citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une introduction offrant la d´etermination des caracteres essentiells de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'exposition des principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Tome Troisieme. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB5FFCEFF57FD6AFEE3FCE5" blockId="18.[151,673,731,790]" box="[151,298,765,790]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFB5FFCEFF57FD6AFF2FFCE5" box="[151,230,765,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1666,1688]" captionTargetBox="[367,1244,1005,1643]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[340,1247,1004,1645]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 15. Plococdaris verticillata (SAMC-A 28236). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843357/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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A–C.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB5FFCEFF57FCD2FB70FC4B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB5FFCEFF57FCD2FD41FCA8" blockId="18.[151,1436,837,952]" box="[151,648,837,859]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FFB5FFCEFF57FCD2FD41FCA8" box="[151,648,837,859]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB5FFCEFF57FCD2FD4AFCA8" ID-CoL="4GZKM" authority=": A. Agassiz, 1881: 40" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityPageNumber="40" authorityYear="1881" box="[151,643,837,859]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Phyllacanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="verticillata">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFF57FCD2FE6FFCA8" box="[151,422,837,859]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Phyllacanthus verticillata:</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB5FFCEFE6CFCD1FD4AFCA8" author="Agassiz" box="[428,643,837,859]" page="40" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1881">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB5FFCEFE6CFCD1FD97FCA8" author="Agassiz" box="[428,606,837,859]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Agassiz, A. (1881) Report on the Echinoidea dredged by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 1876. In: Report of the scientific results of the voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76: a summary of the scientific results, Zoology, 3, 1 - 321." type="journal article" year="1881">A. Agassiz, 1881</bibRefCitation>
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: 40
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB5FFCEFF57FCF3FCABFC6A" blockId="18.[151,1436,837,952]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FFB5FFCEFF57FCF3FCABFC6A" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB5FFCEFF57FCF3FD40FC89" ID-CoL="4KHFS" authority=": Mortensen, 1928 a: 428" authorityName=": Mortensen" authorityPageNumber="428" authorityYear="1928" box="[151,649,868,890]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Plococidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="verticillata">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFF57FCF3FE47FC89" box="[151,398,868,890]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Plococidaris verticillata</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB5FFCEFE5CFCF2FD40FC89" author="Mortensen" box="[412,649,868,890]" page="428" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1928">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB5FFCEFE5CFCF2FD9EFC89" author="Mortensen" box="[412,599,868,890]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Mortensen, T. (1928 a) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. I. Cidaroidea. C. A. Reitzel & Oxford University Press, Copenhagen & London, 551 pp." type="book" year="1928" yearSuffix="a">Mortensen, 1928a</bibRefCitation>
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: 428
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–433. Pl. LI,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFB5FFCEFCCFFCF3FCA2FC89" box="[783,875,868,890]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStart-2="FIGURE 5" captionStart-3="FIGURE 6" captionStart-4="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-1="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-2="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-3="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionStartId-4="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionTargetBox-0="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-1="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-2="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-3="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetBox-4="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-1="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-2="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-3="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetId-4="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="7" captionTargetPageId-2="11" captionTargetPageId-3="12" captionTargetPageId-4="13" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-2="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-3="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-4="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 3–7</figureCitation>
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||
. Pl. LXXIV,
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||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFB5FFCEFC31FCF3FBE6FC89" box="[1009,1071,868,890]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionTargetBox="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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||
. Pl. LXXXIII,
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||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFB5FFCEFB09FCF3FAF7FC89" box="[1225,1342,868,890]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 19" captionStart-1="FIGURE 20" captionStart-2="FIGURE 21" captionStartId-0="22.[151,250,872,894]" captionStartId-1="22.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionStartId-2="23.[151,250,1697,1719]" captionTargetBox-0="[368,1244,196,848]" captionTargetBox-1="[373,1244,1191,1877]" captionTargetBox-2="[366,1244,1030,1673]" captionTargetId-0="figure@22.[340,1247,195,851]" captionTargetId-1="figure@22.[340,1247,1188,1880]" captionTargetId-2="figure@23.[340,1247,1028,1676]" captionTargetPageId-0="22" captionTargetPageId-1="22" captionTargetPageId-2="23" captionText-0="FIGURE 19. Hygrosoma petersii (SAMC-A 22219). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-1="FIGURE 20. Sperosoma biseriatum A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010)." captionText-2="FIGURE 21. Tromikosoma uranus (SAMC-A 22122). A. Map showing distribution. B. view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843365/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843367/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843369/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 19–21</figureCitation>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB5FFCEFA89FCF3FEEAFC6A" author="Schultz" page="50" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2010">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB5FFCEFA89FCF3FF37FC6A" author="Schultz" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: 50
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</treatmentCitation>
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, Figs 88–92;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB5FFCEFE6BFC14FD29FC6A" author="Filander" box="[427,736,899,921]" page="51" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="2014">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB5FFCEFE6BFC14FD72FC6A" author="Filander" box="[427,699,899,921]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Filander, Z. & Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander & Griffiths, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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: 51
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Pl. I, Fig. F.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB5FFCEFF57FC35FB70FC4B" blockId="18.[151,1436,837,952]" box="[151,1209,930,952]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FFB5FFCEFF57FC35FB70FC4B" box="[151,1209,930,952]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB5FFCEFF57FC35FD4FFC4B" ID-CoL="4MFLQ" authority=": H. L. Clark, 1925 a: 17" authorityName="H.L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,646,930,952]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Prionocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="verticillata">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFF57FC35FE50FC4B" box="[151,409,930,952]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Prionocidaris verticillata</emphasis>
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||
:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB5FFCEFE66FC34FD4FFC4B" author="Clark" box="[422,646,930,952]" page="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB5FFCEFE66FC34FDA8FC4B" author="Clark" box="[422,609,930,952]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 17
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FFB5FFCEFD51FC35FCB9FC4B" author="Richmond" box="[657,880,930,952]" page="294" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" year="1997">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB5FFCEFD51FC35FCF7FC4B" author="Richmond" box="[657,830,930,952]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Richmond, M. D. (1997) A Guide to the Seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, 448 pp." type="book" year="1997">Richmond, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 294
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
; Samyn, 2003: 200,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FFB5FFCEFB80FC35FBB6FC4B" box="[1088,1151,930,952]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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||
E, E’.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<caption id="DF28666EFFB5FFCEFF57F915FDD1F944" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843357/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" targetBox="[367,1244,1005,1643]" targetPageId="18">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB5FFCEFF57F915FDD1F944" blockId="18.[151,1435,1666,1719]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFF57F915FED6F96B" bold="true" box="[151,287,1666,1688]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB5FFCEFEE5F915FDDDF96B" box="[293,532,1666,1688]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Plococdaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="verticillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFEE5F915FDDDF96B" box="[293,532,1666,1688]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Plococdaris verticillata</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(SAMC-A28236).
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFD1AF915FD25F96B" bold="true" box="[730,748,1666,1688]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Map showing distribution.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFBCBF915FBD5F96B" bold="true" box="[1035,1052,1666,1688]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Side view of preserved specimen.
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFA43F915FA5CF96B" bold="true" box="[1411,1429,1666,1688]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Apical system of preserved specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB5FFCEFF57F949FC84F858" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB5FFCEFF57F949FD8BF904" blockId="18.[151,1436,1758,2035]" box="[151,578,1758,1783]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFF57F949FE49F904" bold="true" box="[151,384,1758,1783]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
SAMC-A28236.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB5FFCEFF07F895FC84F858" blockId="18.[151,1436,1758,2035]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFF07F895FEB9F8E8" bold="true" box="[199,368,1794,1819]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Identification.</emphasis>
|
||
Test robust, low and flattened above and below, with arched sides; pores not distinctively conjugate. Apical disc star-shaped, dark, ocular and genital plates with a series of tubercles along the outer and inner edge. Peristome conically raised. Primary spines with three to four crown-like structures, with sharp ends; scrobicular spines adpressed. Generally green/brownish in color, primary spines somewhat banded, whorls having white tips; secondary spines greenish with a light brown base.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB5FFCFFF07F821FE8DFF27" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB5FFCEFF07F821FC88F83D" blockId="18.[151,1436,1758,2035]" box="[199,833,1974,1999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFF07F821FE1BF83C" bold="true" box="[199,466,1974,1999]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum test diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FFB5FFCEFD2BF820FCF4F83D" box="[747,829,1975,1999]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB5FFCFFF07F84DFE8DFF27" blockId="18.[151,1436,1758,2035]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,151,285]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB5FFCEFF07F84DFE7DF800" bold="true" box="[199,436,2010,2035]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Global distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Kenya (Samyn 2003), Zanzibar, East coast of South Africa (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB5FFCEFBA7F84DFA59F800" author="Filander" box="[1127,1424,2010,2035]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" refString="Filander, Z. & Griffiths, C. L. (2014) Additions to and revision of the South African echinoid fauna (Echinodermata: Echinoidea). African Natural History, 10, 47 - 56." type="journal article" year="2014">Filander & Griffiths 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), East Africa to Fiji and Hawaiian Islands, from southern Japan to Australian east coast; from littoral to
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FFB4FFCFFA9FFF00FA55FF5C" box="[1375,1436,151,176]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="50.0">50 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FFB4FFCFFF5EFF2BFEF1FF27" author="Schultz" box="[158,312,188,213]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFFB4FFCFFF07FF48FDDCFEEE" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FFB4FFCFFF07FF48FDDCFEEE" blockId="19.[151,1436,151,285]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB4FFCFFF07FF48FEF2FF0B" bold="true" box="[199,315,223,248]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Distinguishable from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FFB4FFCFFDF6FF48FCB8FF0B" authorityName=": Mortensen" authorityYear="1928" box="[566,881,223,248]" class="Echinoidea" family="Cidaridae" genus="Acanthocidaris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cidaroida" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="maculicollis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FFB4FFCFFDF6FF48FCB8FF0B" box="[566,881,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Acanthocidaris maculicollis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its stout spines, bearing 3–4 crown structures, and its conically raised peristome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |