179 lines
20 KiB
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179 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="4BCC6FEEC39F14BD0F0D525C371681DB" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FF96FFEEFF57F9DDFAB6FE43" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Clypeaster eurychorius H. L. Clark 1925" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="51" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="50" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="C7063DBDEAB043B687F4565C34741707">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A8BB793FB9CE34BA865834B2FEB0C16F">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4672C7167D61F0F725A48B7125055C11">Griffiths, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="4E11E4505DEDCA7E03E489DA705C052C">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FF96FFEEFF57F9DDFAB6FE43" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6022863" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650392" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6022863" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF96FFEEFF57F9DDFAB6FE43" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FF96FFEEFF57F9DDFAB6FE43" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF96FFEDFF57F9DDFEE2F976" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF96FFEDFF57F9DDFD5CF997" blockId="49.[151,661,1610,1669]" box="[151,661,1610,1636]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<heading id="D0A0818AFF96FFEDFF57F9DDFD5CF997" bold="true" box="[151,661,1610,1636]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF96FFEDFF57F9DDFD5CF997" ID-CoL="WDZR" authority="H. L. Clark, 1925 c" authorityName="H. L. Clark" authorityYear="1925" box="[151,661,1610,1636]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="eurychorius">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF96FFEDFF57F9DDFD5CF997" bold="true" box="[151,661,1610,1636]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF96FFEDFF57F9DDFE67F997" bold="true" box="[151,430,1610,1636]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Clypeaster eurychorius</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF96FFEDFE75F9DDFD5CF997" author="Clark" box="[437,661,1610,1636]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 c) Echinoderms from the South African Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Part I: Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea). Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey Report, 4, 1 - 16." type="journal article" year="1925" yearSuffix="c">H.L. Clark, 1925c</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF96FFEDFF57F9FBFEE2F976" blockId="49.[151,661,1610,1669]" box="[151,299,1644,1669]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF96FFEDFF57F9FBFF2FF976" box="[151,230,1644,1669]" captionStart="FIGURE 56" captionStartId="50.[151,250,915,937]" captionTargetBox="[367,1246,488,882]" captionTargetId="figure@50.[340,1247,487,885]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 56. Clypeaster eurychorius (SAMC-A 23306). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen. D. Side view of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843439/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 56</figureCitation>
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A–D.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF96FFEDFF57F923FEACF8B6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF96FFEDFF57F923FC8EF939" blockId="49.[151,1436,1716,1861]" box="[151,839,1716,1738]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF96FFEDFF57F923FC8EF939" box="[151,839,1716,1738]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF96FFEDFF57F923FD82F939" authority=": H. L. Clark, 1923: 392" authorityName="H.L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="392" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,587,1716,1738]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="humulis">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF96FFEDFF57F923FE92F939" box="[151,347,1716,1738]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Clypeaster humulis</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF96FFEDFEA8F922FD82F939" author="Clark" box="[360,587,1716,1738]" page="392" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF96FFEDFEA8F922FDD1F939" author="Clark" box="[360,536,1716,1738]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 392
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF96FFEDFD95F922FC8AF939" author="Clark" box="[597,835,1716,1738]" page="149" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1925">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF96FFEDFD95F922FCD9F939" author="Clark" box="[597,784,1716,1738]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Trustees of the British Museum, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925" yearSuffix="a">H.L. Clark, 1925a</bibRefCitation>
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: 149
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF96FFEDFF57F944FF3DF8FB" blockId="49.[151,1436,1716,1861]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF96FFEDFF57F944FF3DF8FB" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF96FFEDFF57F944FDADF91A" ID-CoL="WDZR" authority="H. L. Clark, 1924: 10" authorityName="H.L. Clark" authorityPageNumber="10" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,612,1747,1769]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="eurychorius">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF96FFEDFF57F944FE4CF91A" box="[151,389,1747,1769]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Clypeaster eurychorius</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF96FFEDFE4CF943FDADF91A" author="Clark" box="[396,612,1747,1769]" page="10" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1924">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF96FFEDFE4CF943FDF7F91A" author="Clark" box="[396,574,1747,1769]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Clark, H. L. (1924) Echinoderms from the South African Fisheries and Marine Biology Survey. Part I. Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea). Report, Fisheries and Marine Biological Survey, Union of South Africa, 4 (1), 1 - 33." type="journal article" year="1924">H.L. Clark, 1924</bibRefCitation>
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: 10
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–11. Pl. III;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF96FFEDFD21F944FB92F91A" author="Clark" box="[737,1115,1747,1769]" page="241" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1976">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF96FFEDFD21F944FBEEF91A" author="Clark" box="[737,1063,1747,1769]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Clark, A. & Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 241
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF96FFEDFBA6F944FAE3F91A" author="Schultz" box="[1126,1322,1747,1769]" page="539" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="2009">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF96FFEDFBA6F944FB3FF91A" author="Schultz" box="[1126,1270,1747,1769]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Schultz, H. (2009) Sea-Urchins II, Worldwide Irregular Deep Water Species. 1 st Edition. Scientific Publications, Hemdingen, 849 pp." type="book" year="2009">Schultz, 2009</bibRefCitation>
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: 539
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
, Figs 913– 916.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF96FFEDFF57F887FEACF8B6" blockId="49.[151,1436,1716,1861]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF96FFEDFF57F887FEACF8B6" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF96FFEDFF57F887FCC5F8D5" ID-CoL="WDZR" authority=": Mortensen, 1948 d: 94" authorityName=": Mortensen" authorityPageNumber="94" authorityYear="1948" box="[151,780,1808,1830]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="eurychorius" subGenus="Stolonclypus">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF96FFEDFF57F887FECCF8D5" box="[151,261,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Clypeaster</emphasis>
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(
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF96FFEDFED4F887FE5CF8D5" box="[276,405,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Stolonclypus</emphasis>
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)
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF96FFEDFE63F887FDECF8D5" box="[419,549,1808,1830]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">eurychorius:</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF96FFEDFDECF886FCC5F8D5" author="Mortensen" box="[556,780,1808,1830]" page="94" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" year="1948">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF96FFEDFDECF886FD21F8D5" author="Mortensen" box="[556,744,1808,1830]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" refString="Mortensen, T., (1948 d) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. IV. 2. Clypeasteroidea. Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. Reitzel, Copenhagen, pp. 471." type="journal article" year="1948" yearSuffix="d">Mortensen, 1948d</bibRefCitation>
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: 94
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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–96. Pl. XXX,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF96FFEDFC64F887FC2BF8D5" box="[932,994,1808,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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. Pl. XXXI,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF96FFEDFB9BF887FB55F8D5" box="[1115,1180,1808,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF96FFEDFB67F887FB7FF8D5" box="[1191,1206,1808,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionTargetBox="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">3</figureCitation>
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. Pl. XXXII,
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||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF96FFEDFAF8F887FABCF8D5" box="[1336,1397,1808,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionTargetBox="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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. Pl. XXXIII,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF96FFEDFEE3F8B8FEA8F8B6" box="[291,353,1839,1861]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionTargetBox="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF96FFEEFF57F8E5FE03FEEE" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF96FFEDFF57F8E5FF30F85D" blockId="49.[151,1436,1906,2006]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF96FFEDFF57F8E5FE45F878" bold="true" box="[151,396,1906,1931]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Material examined.</emphasis>
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MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF96FFEDFE3DF8E5FD9BF878" box="[509,594,1906,1931]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="61-02-22">022261</date>
|
||
; MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF96FFEDFD05F8E5FCD2F878" box="[709,795,1906,1931]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="86-02-22">022286</date>
|
||
; MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF96FFEDFC4FF8E5FC2CF879" box="[911,997,1906,1930]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" value="90-02-22">022290</date>
|
||
; MBC-A023306; A22330;
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||
<accessionNumber id="9404AB05FF96FFEDFAFAF8E5FA51F879" box="[1338,1432,1906,1930]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A28431" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="EnaNcbi">A28431</accessionNumber>
|
||
;
|
||
<accessionNumber id="9404AB05FF96FFEDFF57F801FF3DF85D" box="[151,244,1942,1966]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/A23092" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" type="EnaNcbi">A23092</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF96FFEEFF07F82AFE03FEEE" blockId="49.[151,1436,1906,2006]" lastBlockId="50.[151,1436,151,432]" lastPageId="50" lastPageNumber="51" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF96FFEDFF07F82AFEB9F825" bold="true" box="[199,368,1981,2006]" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Identification.</emphasis>
|
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Distinguished from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF96FFEDFD59F82AFCDBF825" box="[665,786,1981,2006]" class="Echinoidea" family="Clypeasteridae" genus="Clypeaster" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="49" pageNumber="50" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF96FFEDFD59F82AFCDBF825" box="[665,786,1981,2006]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="50">Clypeaster</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
species within the region in having a rounded pentagonal test, flat except at elevated petal area, margin thick. Petals short, opened distally, pore-zones narrow, interporiferous zones wider. Primary tubercles sparse, miliaries smaller than primaries. Primary spines small, slender, longer towards mouth; miliaries slender, with thick tip. Preserved specimens brownish-green; denuded test uniformly yellowish-white.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF95FFEEFF07FEBCFC69FE7F" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF95FFEEFF07FEBCFCFAFEB0" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,432]" box="[199,819,299,324]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFF07FEBCFE1BFEB7" bold="true" box="[199,466,299,324]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum test length
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF95FFEEFD0FFEBCFCE6FEB0" box="[719,815,299,324]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.45" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="145.0">145 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF95FFEEFF07FED8FC69FE7F" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,432]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFF07FED8FE7DFE9B" bold="true" box="[199,436,335,360]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Global distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
South and East coast regions of South Africa, northward to Pemba Strait (Tanzania) and off Mauritius, at
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF95FFEEFE94FEE4FE1AFE78" box="[340,467,371,396]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.225" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="1.25" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="222.5" valueMax="320.0" valueMin="125.0">125–320 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF95FFEEFDE7FEE3FD38FE7F" author="Mortensen" box="[551,753,371,396]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Mortensen, T., (1948 d) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. IV. 2. Clypeasteroidea. Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. Reitzel, Copenhagen, pp. 471." type="journal article" year="1948" yearSuffix="d">Mortensen 1948d</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF95FFEEFD3CFEE4FC5DFE7F" author="Schultz" box="[764,916,371,396]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" refString="Schultz, H. (2009) Sea-Urchins II, Worldwide Irregular Deep Water Species. 1 st Edition. Scientific Publications, Hemdingen, 849 pp." type="book" year="2009">Schultz 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF95FFEEFF07FE00FAB6FE43" box="[199,1407,407,432]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF95FFEEFF07FE00FAB6FE43" blockId="50.[151,1436,151,432]" box="[199,1407,407,432]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF95FFEEFF07FE00FEF2FE43" bold="true" box="[199,315,407,432]" pageId="50" pageNumber="51">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Deep-water species, burrows in uppermost layer of sediment, where it feeds on organic particles.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |