196 lines
31 KiB
XML
196 lines
31 KiB
XML
<document id="CF82FF9AB7676F873ADB20115C93CE01" ID-CLB-Dataset="32399" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4296.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ad746972-3837-4f1d-bf97-c09e5d7f1bd5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="843325" ID-ZooBank="EFE86EDD-D170-4D97-87D9-3125400713EC" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1502790552672" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Filander, Zoleka & Griffiths, Charles" docDate="2017" docId="03FE87F0FF8DFFF7FF57F8E1FBBAFD1B" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4296.1.1.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4296 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Echinometra mathaei" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="44" masterDocId="FFC7FF88FFA7FFDCFFC0FF97FFC9FFF3" masterDocTitle="Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="72" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698466659567" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="359D4F31CE596E5B4E53F0BA291CD792">
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<mods:title id="CA6CC355726E670B3FE27736D906597C">Illustrated guide to the echinoid (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) fauna of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="413EEFFEF162E4CF743376A6EBB0234D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9B85A3FB087CE7CFF200F322BF4EF0A7">Filander, Zoleka</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="15738CA8096CF9F97697605390D7EABB" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="6C15697D9757E2126FEA058075009591">Griffiths, Charles</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="377DBA4354025AD20024F2AC104B9829">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3CAD52A24DCC9B41D5BF2B2B1578DF3A">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E6122C39B8C5508559B78C73854937D1">4296</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03FE87F0FF8DFFF7FF57F8E1FBBAFD1B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6491480" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132650432" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6491480" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF8DFFF7FF57F8E1FBBAFD1B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87F0FF8DFFF7FF57F8E1FBBAFD1B" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8DFFF6FF57F8E1FEE0F842" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8DFFF6FF57F8E1FDB1F863" blockId="42.[151,632,1910,1969]" box="[151,632,1910,1936]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<heading id="D0A0818AFF8DFFF6FF57F8E1FDB1F863" bold="true" box="[151,632,1910,1936]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8DFFF6FF57F8E1FDB1F863" ID-CoL="38JGH" authority="(Blainville, 1825)" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[151,632,1910,1936]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mathaei">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8DFFF6FF57F8E1FDB1F863" bold="true" box="[151,632,1910,1936]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8DFFF6FF57F8E1FE57F863" bold="true" box="[151,414,1910,1936]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Echinometra mathaei</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8DFFF6FE6DF8E1FDB9F863" author="Blainville" box="[429,624,1910,1936]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Blainville, H. M. D. (1825) Oursin, Echinus (Actinozoaires.). In: Levrault, F. G. (Eds.), Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles. F. G. Levrault & Le Normant, Strasbourg & Paris, pp. 59 - 98." type="book chapter" year="1825">Blainville, 1825</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8DFFF6FF57F80FFEE0F842" blockId="42.[151,632,1910,1969]" box="[151,297,1944,1969]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8DFFF6FF57F80FFF2FF842" box="[151,230,1944,1969]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="43.[151,250,1156,1178]" captionTargetBox="[368,1247,799,1134]" captionTargetId="figure@43.[340,1247,799,1134]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="FIGURE 47. Echinometra mathaei (SAMC-A 23311). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843421/files/figure.png" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Fig. 47</figureCitation>
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A–B.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8DFFF7FF57F84AFEEEFF18" lastPageId="43" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8DFFF6FF57F84AFA55F800" blockId="42.[151,1436,2013,2035]" box="[151,1436,2013,2035]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB4711C8FF8DFFF6FF57F84AFA55F800" box="[151,1436,2013,2035]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8DFFF6FF57F84AFD85F800" authority=": Doderlein, 1910: 248" authorityName="Doderlein" authorityPageNumber="248" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,588,2013,2035]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mathei">
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<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8DFFF6FF57F84AFEACF800" box="[151,357,2013,2035]" italics="true" pageId="42" pageNumber="43">Echinometra mathei</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8DFFF6FEB2F84AFD85F800" author="Doderlein" box="[370,588,2013,2035]" page="248" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1910">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8DFFF6FEB2F84AFDD3F800" author="Doderlein" box="[370,538,2013,2035]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Doderlein, L. (1910) Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Echinoidea. In: Schultze, L. (Ed.), Zoologische und Anthropologische Ergebnisse einer Forschungsreise im westlichen und zentralen Sudafrika ausgefuhrt 1903 - 1905 (Jenaer Denkschrift 16), 4 (1), pp. 246 - 258." type="journal article" year="1910">Döderlein, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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: 248
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8DFFF6FD96F849FCF0F800" author="Clark" box="[598,825,2013,2035]" page="372" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1912">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8DFFF6FD96F849FCCFF800" author="Clark" box="[598,774,2013,2035]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Clark, H. L. (1912) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. The Pedinidae, Phymosomatidae, Stomopneustidae, and Echinometridae." type="book" year="1912">H.L. Clark, 1912</bibRefCitation>
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: 372
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</treatmentCitation>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8DFFF6FC83F849FBEDF800" author="Clark" box="[835,1060,2013,2035]" page="390" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1923">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8DFFF6FC83F849FC3BF800" author="Clark" box="[835,1010,2013,2035]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Clark, H. L. (1923) The echinoderm fauna of South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum, 13 (7), 221 - 435." type="journal article" year="1923">H.L. Clark, 1923</bibRefCitation>
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: 390
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</treatmentCitation>
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–391;
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<treatmentCitation id="0AF610F7FF8DFFF6FBA2F849FA88F800" author="Mortensen" box="[1122,1345,2013,2035]" page="381" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" year="1943">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8DFFF6FBA2F849FAD8F800" author="Mortensen" box="[1122,1297,2013,2035]" pageId="42" pageNumber="43" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp." type="book" year="1943">Mortensen, 1943</bibRefCitation>
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: 381
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</treatmentCitation>
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–393. Pl.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8CFFF7FF07FF0EFEEEFF18" blockId="43.[199,1436,152,235]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
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XLII,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8CFFF7FEC7FF0FFEB9FF5D" box="[263,368,152,174]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStart-8="FIGURE 9" captionStart-9="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionStartId-4="11.[151,250,1247,1269]" captionStartId-5="12.[151,250,883,905]" captionStartId-6="13.[151,250,524,546]" captionStartId-7="13.[151,250,1454,1476]" captionStartId-8="14.[151,250,1389,1411]" captionStartId-9="15.[151,250,846,868]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetBox-4="[344,1242,451,1221]" captionTargetBox-5="[366,1244,195,858]" captionTargetBox-6="[366,1246,193,502]" captionTargetBox-7="[366,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetBox-8="[369,1244,719,1364]" captionTargetBox-9="[368,1245,198,821]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetId-4="figure@11.[340,1247,447,1225]" captionTargetId-5="figure@12.[340,1247,193,861]" captionTargetId-6="figure@13.[340,1247,193,502]" captionTargetId-7="figure@13.[340,1247,1110,1433]" captionTargetId-8="figure@14.[340,1247,717,1368]" captionTargetId-9="figure@15.[340,1247,195,824]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="11" captionTargetPageId-5="12" captionTargetPageId-6="13" captionTargetPageId-7="13" captionTargetPageId-8="14" captionTargetPageId-9="15" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Histocidaris elegans (SAMC-A 22212): A. Side view of preserved specimen. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Eucidaris metularia (SAMC-A 28226): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Kionocidaris striata (MBC-A 022213): A. Map showing distribution. B. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Phyllacanthus imperialis (SAMC-A 23447): A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen." captionText-8="FIGURE 9. Goniocidaris (Goniocidaris) indica: A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23089). C. Side view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28235)." captionText-9="FIGURE 10. Stereocidaris alcocki (SAMC-A 28229): A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view (close-up) of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843335/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843337/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843339/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/843341/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/843345/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/843347/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs 1–10</figureCitation>
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. Pl. XLVII,
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<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8CFFF7FE2EFF0FFD83FF5D" box="[494,586,152,174]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="6.[151,250,1227,1249]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1752,1774]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1696,1718]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1430,448,1187]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1421,1342,1713]" captionTargetBox-2="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetBox-3="[170,1416,1376,1667]" captionTargetId-0="figure@6.[151,1436,445,1206]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,1330,1731]" captionTargetId-2="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetId-3="figure@7.[151,1436,1356,1675]" captionTargetPageId-0="6" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Detail of regular echinoid: upper (Stomopneustes variolaris) and lower (Stereocidaris excavata) side, showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Body plan of an irregular echinoid or sand dollar (Clypeaster rarispinus), showing terminology of various body parts." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Tubercle types: A. perforated and non-crenulated (Stereocidaris alcocki). B. non-perforated and non-crenulated (Stomopneustes variolaris). C. perforated and crenulated (Chaetodiadema africanum)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843327/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843329/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843333/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs 1–4</figureCitation>
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. Pl. LXV,
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||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8CFFF7FD77FF0FFCE5FF5D" box="[695,812,152,174]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 16" captionStart-1="FIGURE 17" captionStart-10="FIGURE 26" captionStart-2="FIGURE 18" captionStart-3="FIGURE 19" captionStart-4="FIGURE 20" captionStart-5="FIGURE 21" captionStart-6="FIGURE 22" captionStart-7="FIGURE 23" captionStart-8="FIGURE 24" captionStart-9="FIGURE 25" captionStartId-0="19.[151,250,1270,1292]" captionStartId-1="20.[151,250,1366,1388]" captionStartId-10="27.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionStartId-2="21.[151,250,1086,1108]" captionStartId-3="22.[151,250,872,894]" captionStartId-4="22.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionStartId-5="23.[151,250,1697,1719]" captionStartId-6="24.[151,250,1517,1539]" captionStartId-7="25.[151,250,875,897]" captionStartId-8="26.[151,250,962,984]" captionStartId-9="26.[151,250,1979,2001]" captionTargetBox-0="[360,1246,703,1247]" captionTargetBox-1="[350,1259,690,1334]" captionTargetBox-10="[366,1244,1332,1954]" captionTargetBox-2="[369,1244,452,1064]" captionTargetBox-3="[368,1244,196,848]" captionTargetBox-4="[373,1244,1191,1877]" captionTargetBox-5="[366,1244,1030,1673]" captionTargetBox-6="[372,1246,833,1492]" captionTargetBox-7="[370,1246,194,845]" captionTargetBox-8="[368,1245,306,937]" captionTargetBox-9="[374,1244,1381,1955]" captionTargetId-0="figure@19.[340,1247,702,1249]" captionTargetId-1="figure@20.[324,1262,687,1336]" captionTargetId-10="figure@27.[340,1247,1329,1957]" captionTargetId-2="figure@21.[340,1247,451,1065]" captionTargetId-3="figure@22.[340,1247,195,851]" captionTargetId-4="figure@22.[340,1247,1188,1880]" captionTargetId-5="figure@23.[340,1247,1028,1676]" captionTargetId-6="figure@24.[340,1247,832,1495]" captionTargetId-7="figure@25.[342,1249,193,848]" captionTargetId-8="figure@26.[340,1247,303,940]" captionTargetId-9="figure@26.[340,1247,1379,1958]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionTargetPageId-10="27" captionTargetPageId-2="21" captionTargetPageId-3="22" captionTargetPageId-4="22" captionTargetPageId-5="23" captionTargetPageId-6="24" captionTargetPageId-7="25" captionTargetPageId-8="26" captionTargetPageId-9="26" captionText-0="FIGURE 16. Prionocidaris pistillaris. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of adult preserved specimen (SAMC- A 23724). C. Side view of juvenile preserved specimen (MBC-A 077755)." captionText-1="FIGURE 17. Stylocidaris cingulata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen (MBC-A 074000). C. Apical system of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28217)." captionText-10="FIGURE 26. Chaetodiadema africanum. A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of adult preserved specimen (MBC- 077779). C. Aboral view of juvenile preserved specimen (SAMC-A 23717)." captionText-2="FIGURE 18. Araeosoma paucispinum (SAMC- A 222221). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-3="FIGURE 19. Hygrosoma petersii (SAMC-A 22219). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-4="FIGURE 20. Sperosoma biseriatum A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (Schultz, 2010)." captionText-5="FIGURE 21. Tromikosoma uranus (SAMC-A 22122). A. Map showing distribution. B. view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-6="FIGURE 22. Phormosoma busarium (SAMC-A 22621). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-7="FIGURE 23. Phormosoma placenta africana (SAMC- A 22250). A. Map showing distribution. B. Aboral view of preserved specimen. C. Oral view of preserved specimen." captionText-8="FIGURE 24. Aspidodiadema africanum (MBC-A 022216). A. Map showing distribution. B. Side view of preserved specimen. C. Apical system of preserved specimen." captionText-9="FIGURE 25. Astropyga radiata. A. Map showing distribution. B. Live adult (KwaZulu-Natal). C. Oral view of preserved specimen (SAMC-A 28211)." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/843359/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/843361/files/figure.png" httpUri-10="https://zenodo.org/record/843379/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/843363/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/843365/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/843367/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/843369/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/843371/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/843373/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/843375/files/figure.png" httpUri-9="https://zenodo.org/record/843377/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs 16–26</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FCF8FF0FFBB4FF5D" author="Clark" box="[824,1149,152,174]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Clark, A. & Courtman-Stock, J. (1976) The Echinoderms of Southern Africa. Publication no. 766. British Museum of Natural History, London, 277 pp." type="book" year="1976">Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 239;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FB7DFF0FFA50FF5D" author="Coleman" box="[1213,1433,152,174]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Coleman, N., Bennett, I., Campbell, A. & Hadfield, M. (1991) Encyclopedia of Marine Animals. Blandford, London, 324 pp." type="book" year="1991">
|
||
Coleman
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FAE0FF0EFA9CFF5D" box="[1312,1365,152,174]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1991
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 170;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FF3BFF21FE6EFF3F" author="Richmond" box="[251,423,182,204]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Richmond, M. D. (1997) A Guide to the Seashores of Eastern Africa and the Western Indian Ocean Islands. Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) and University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, 448 pp." type="book" year="1997">Richmond, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 298; Samyn, 2003: 204,
|
||
<figureCitation id="136C2A63FF8CFFF7FD6BFF21FD20FF3F" box="[683,745,182,204]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1253,1275]" captionTargetBox="[194,1367,185,1223]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[154,1439,158,1263]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. The body plan of an irregular echinoids or heart urchin (Echinocardium cordatum), showing terminology of different body parts." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/843331/files/figure.png" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
E, E’;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FCECFF21FC3BFF3F" author="Branch" box="[812,1010,182,205]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Branch, G. M., Griffiths, C. L., Branch, M. L. & Beckley, L. (2010) Two Oceans: a Guide to the Marine Life of southern Africa. Struik Nature, Cape Town, 456 pp." type="book" year="2010">
|
||
Branch
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FCBCFF2FFC60FF3F" box="[892,937,182,205]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2010
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 234, Fig. 105.2;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FB64FF21FAFDFF3F" author="Schultz" box="[1188,1332,182,204]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 214, Figs 401–405.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8CFFF7FF57FE80FC08FE37" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8CFFF7FF57FE80FC3FFEA6" blockId="43.[151,1437,279,744]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FF57FE80FE4AFEC3" bold="true" box="[151,387,279,304]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Material examined.</emphasis>
|
||
MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8CFFF7FE2BFE80FD89FEC3" box="[491,576,279,304]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="63-02-22">022263</date>
|
||
; MBC-A
|
||
<date id="FFE91026FF8CFFF7FD6DFE80FCCAFEC3" box="[685,771,279,304]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" value="57-02-26">022657</date>
|
||
; MBC-A023311; MBC-A077879; MBC-A077878; MBC- A077880; MBC-A077881; MBC-A077876; MBC-A077877; SAMC- 22262,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8CFFF7FF07FEF4FC08FE37" blockId="43.[151,1437,279,744]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FF07FEF4FEB9FE8F" bold="true" box="[199,368,355,380]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Identification.</emphasis>
|
||
Test strongly elongated, rarely somewhat circular; spines stout, with white basal flange (milled ring). Distinguished by color, cleaned test white, with faint light purple tint; spines vary in color, from white to brown, sometimes greenish or purplish, often tips and milled ring white.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8CFFF7FF07FE44FCCCFDC7" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8CFFF7FF07FE44FC88FE18" blockId="43.[151,1437,279,744]" box="[199,833,467,492]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FF07FE44FE1BFE1F" bold="true" box="[199,466,467,492]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Global maximum size.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum test diameter
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8CFFF7FD2BFE43FCF4FE18" box="[747,829,468,492]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="mm" value="90.0">90 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8CFFF7FF07FE60FCCCFDC7" blockId="43.[151,1437,279,744]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B3F3CBBFF8CFFF7FF07FE60FCCCFDC7" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1586033305" country="Japan" county="South Sea Islands" elevation="30" location="Global" municipality="South Africa" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Suez">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FF07FE60FE7CFDE3" bold="true" box="[199,437,503,528]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<location id="8E88603DFF8CFFF7FF07FE60FED1FDE3" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF8DFFF7FF57F8E1FBBAFD1B:8E88603DFF8CFFF7FF07FE60FED1FDE3" box="[199,280,503,528]" country="Japan" county="South Sea Islands" municipality="South Africa" name="Global" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Suez">Global</location>
|
||
distribution.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF8CFFF7FE7DFE6FFE3AFDE3" box="[445,499,504,528]" country="Egypt" name="As Suways" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Suez</collectingRegion>
|
||
to
|
||
<location id="8E88603DFF8CFFF7FDD9FE6FFD80FDFC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87F0FF8DFFF7FF57F8E1FBBAFD1B:8E88603DFF8CFFF7FDD9FE6FFD80FDFC" box="[537,585,504,527]" country="Japan" county="South Sea Islands" municipality="South Africa" name="East" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" stateProvince="Suez">East</location>
|
||
coast region of
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6B8CAC9CFF8CFFF7FCC3FE60FC5EFDE3" box="[771,919,503,528]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">South Africa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
, from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF8CFFF7FC22FE6FFBEBFDFC" box="[994,1058,504,527]" name="Japan" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3407676FF8CFFF7FB88FE60FB78FDE3" box="[1096,1201,503,528]" name="Australia" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4993F804FF8CFFF7FAEDFE60FAB7FDE3" box="[1325,1406,503,528]" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
to
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62894E6AFF8CFFF7FF57FD8CFEA8FDC7" box="[151,353,539,564]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">South Sea Islands</collectingCounty>
|
||
; from littoral to
|
||
<elevation id="007AD1D5FF8CFFF7FDD9FD8BFD9BFDC0" box="[537,594,540,564]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="30.0">
|
||
<quantity id="4CAF9B03FF8CFFF7FDD9FD8BFD9BFDC0" box="[537,594,540,564]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" unit="m" value="30.0">30 m</quantity>
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FDA0FD8CFD33FDC7" author="Schultz" box="[608,762,539,564]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C34D656DFF8CFFF7FF07FDA8FBBAFD1B" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BE836E6FF8CFFF7FF07FDA8FBBAFD1B" blockId="43.[151,1437,279,744]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FF07FDA8FEF2FDAB" bold="true" box="[199,315,575,600]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Inhabits holes and tunnels amongst coral blocks, known to be a rock borer (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FB17FDD7FA5EFDAB" author="Mortensen" box="[1239,1431,576,600]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp." type="book" year="1943">Mortensen 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FF57FDF4FE07FD8F" author="Asgaard" box="[151,462,611,636]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Asgaard, U. & Bromley, R. G. (2008) Echinometrid sea urchins, their trophic styles and corresponding bioerosion. In: Wisshak, M. & Tapanila, L. (Eds.), Current Developments in Bioerosion. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 279 - 303." type="book chapter" year="2008">Asgaard & Bromley 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)). Feeds on algae and encrusting organisms, especially sponges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FB16FDF3FA5EFD8F" author="Mortensen" box="[1238,1431,612,636]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Mortensen, T. (1943 a). A Monograph of the Echinoidea. III. 2. Camarodonta. I. Orthopsidae, Glyphocyphidae, Temnopleuridae and Toxopneustidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 553 pp." type="book" year="1943">Mortensen 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FF57FD10FEE6FD53" author="Schultz" box="[151,303,647,672]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Schultz, H. (2010) Sea-Urchins, a Guide to Worldwide Shallow Water Species. 3 rd Edition. Scientific Publication, Hemdingen, 484 pp." type="book" year="2010">Schultz 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FE82FD10FE14FD53" author="Maher" box="[322,477,647,672]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Maher, J., (2011) The phylogeographic population structure of the oval urchin, Echinometra mathaei in KwaZulu-Natal. Unpublished Master thesis. University of KwaZulu-Natal." type="book" year="2011">Maher (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicates that there is no genetic divergence amongst the color morphs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C574D65FF8CFFF7FAE2FD1FFA55FD53" baseAuthorityName="Blainville" baseAuthorityYear="1825" box="[1314,1436,647,672]" class="Echinoidea" family="Echinometridae" genus="Echinometra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Camarodonta" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="mathaei">
|
||
<emphasis id="B923EAF4FF8CFFF7FAE2FD1FFA55FD53" box="[1314,1436,647,672]" italics="true" pageId="43" pageNumber="44">E. mathaei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
populations and suggests variation may be attributed to environmental parameters. However, the observed intraspecific variation may suggest a slow speciation process (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B17FF8CFFF7FC8FFD58FBAEFD1B" author="Rahman" box="[847,1127,719,744]" pageId="43" pageNumber="44" refString="Rahman, M. A. & Uehara, T. (2004) Interspecific hybridization and backcrosses between two sibling species of Pacific sea urchins (genus Echinometra) on Okinawan intertidal reefs. Zoological Studies-Taipei, 43 (1), 93 - 111." type="journal article" year="2004">Rahman & Uehara 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |