166 lines
20 KiB
XML
166 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="A0825E13CFE52344D970196AA72C6442" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5401706" ID-ISSN="1638-9387" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5401706" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630335078311" checkinUser="marcus" docAuthor="Coppard, Simon Edward & Campbell, Andrew C." docDate="2006" docId="03FE87C20703FFDCFCECFBACFCA4AE5A" docLanguage="en" docName="Zoosystema.2006.28.1.93-112.pdf" docOrigin="Zoosystema 28 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375.4:Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleId="2A9C6F9EA5F90D98170D9E0D9CA29375" docStyleName="Zoosystema.2000-2008.journal_article.type1" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Diadema palmeri Baker 1967" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="FFC7FFBA0706FFDAFFE6FFC2FF83AA13" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic significance of test morphology in the echinoid genera Diadema Gray, 1825 and Echinothrix Peters, 1853 (Echinodermata)" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="93" pageNumber="98" updateTime="1699232855758" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods id="A33D735919D1A1C80FAB1273E7BD1AAC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="084E11F8875FD313A9E3E35DEB30D40C">
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<mods:title id="374A9CB4904A388DA5F39015D81E292D">Taxonomic significance of test morphology in the echinoid genera Diadema Gray, 1825 and Echinothrix Peters, 1853 (Echinodermata)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F85CF77D94803CCC84998BB1E38EBB27" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="2B4B6D0C50D9A238D0DF9784BEEA2FD7">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EDC8816EF7CDE11734F6A37A49521FF8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7812B9642209316091CB1B2CE351CFF8">Coppard, Simon Edward</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="1525BFB8B2EC60095097405DF01BE3DA" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="41FD9ACB7D411AB1F024D0EE83C63D94">
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<mods:roleTerm id="2DAFD617ECCA0FD1A19B3B75FA3BDCD1">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8A599C58396D1CEBA2FF12F136BFE60C">Campbell, Andrew C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="DD25C09DB10BC74AE7C3475D985BEE5D">School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E 1 4 NS (United Kingdom) simon @ diadema. fsnet. co. uk</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="41EE9D78756D67568A0BE614437F4875">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="4DA725923B4A43A996F5B2EAFBE3D4A4">
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<mods:title id="EBC91FEF422CBF734DEEA912717CA46F">Zoosystema</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4E6725FC9528486408277E4E602EE5F2">
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<mods:date id="C672F4C78A61CC05188770ACA7960C2B">2006</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="3CF567480D0718A215EAAE8E95DF2EAA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="7B2457B4215A48E99FFF8A41C7C90F14">28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="2B1D1EE1D03AF65B72F5AA23FA8A2936" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="6613943151E727C2E8C867B64E38AB5A">1</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="BAE769FFEFB0AC184154DD03DBAE63FC" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="366FA3907CB1757A4C98D5172D168925">93</mods:start>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="B2AF3E48D27B9C90B7CFDC2CD8E5D9E6">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A71405A74C03BB2A1B4449D25353E1BB" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5401706</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="758D231D71B1034845B7E7192839DED1" type="ISSN">1638-9387</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="53CC78C125CB7843E5720702256FA9F5" type="Zenodo-Dep">5401706</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03FE87C20703FFDCFCECFBACFCA4AE5A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03FE87C20703FFDCFCECFBACFCA4AE5A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03FE87C20703FFDCFCECFBACFCA4AE5A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
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<subSubSection id="C34D655F0703FFDFFCECFBACFC2FAF95" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40703FFDFFCECFBACFBD0AE9B" blockId="5.[778,1107,1134,1161]" box="[778,1107,1134,1161]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
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<heading id="D0A081B80703FFDFFCECFBACFBD0AE9B" box="[778,1107,1134,1161]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570703FFDFFCECFBACFBD0AE9B" authority="Baker, 1967" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1967" box="[778,1107,1134,1161]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Diademaceae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="palmeri">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60703FFDFFCECFBACFC48AE9A" bold="true" box="[778,971,1134,1161]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Diadema palmeri</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B250703FFDFFC37FBACFBD0AE9B" author="BAKER A. N." box="[977,1107,1134,1160]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" pagination="239 - 245" refId="ref8964" refString="BAKER A. N. 1967. - Two new echinoids from northern New Zealand, including a new species of Diadema. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Zoology 8 (23): 239 - 245." type="journal article" year="1967">Baker, 1967</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40703FFDFFD43FB6CFC2FAF95" blockId="5.[677,1210,1198,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
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Specimens were collected from the Poor Knights Island and from Hen and Chickens Island,
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<collectingCountry id="F34076440703FFDFFB61FB0CFD79AF14" name="New Zealand" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
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. Mean test diameters measured
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<quantity id="4CAF9B310703FFDFFBD5FB2FFBFFAF1B" box="[1075,1148,1261,1288]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="65.0">65 mm</quantity>
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(h.d.) (SD ±
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<quantity id="4CAF9B310703FFDFFD09FACFFCC4AF34" box="[751,839,1293,1319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="4.8">4.8 mm</quantity>
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) by
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<quantity id="4CAF9B310703FFDFFC9EFACFFC4BAF34" box="[888,968,1293,1320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
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(v.d.) (SD ±
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<quantity id="4CAF9B310703FFDFFBBCFACFFB32AF34" box="[1114,1201,1293,1319]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="2.6">2.6 mm</quantity>
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) in adult specimens. Maximum test diameters of
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<quantity id="4CAF9B310703FFDFFD43FA8EFD77AF74" box="[677,756,1356,1383]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.8" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="78.0">78 mm</quantity>
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||
(h.d.) by
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||
<quantity id="4CAF9B310703FFDFFCBCFA8EFC2BAF74" box="[858,936,1356,1383]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" unit="mm" value="44.0">44 mm</quantity>
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||
(v.d.) were recorded from
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<specimenCount id="9D51FD5D0703FFDFFD43FAAEFCB5AF95" box="[677,822,1388,1414]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
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examined.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C34D655F0703FFDCFD5DFA4EFCA4AE5A" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40703FFDFFD5DFA4EFBE9AC77" blockId="5.[677,1210,1198,1700]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
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As first reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFC64B250703FFDFFC7EFA4EFBAFAFB4" author="BAKER A. N." box="[920,1068,1420,1447]" pageId="5" pageNumber="98" pagination="239 - 245" refId="ref8964" refString="BAKER A. N. 1967. - Two new echinoids from northern New Zealand, including a new species of Diadema. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Zoology 8 (23): 239 - 245." type="journal article" year="1967">Baker (1967)</bibRefCitation>
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, the test was spectacularly red with a striking pattern of iridophores (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A510703FFDFFD1BFA09FCC8AFF6" box="[765,843,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,861,878]" captionTargetBox="[188,1134,215,816]" captionTargetId="figure-46@6.[472,756,473,559]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — A-I, photographs of the median areas of the interambulacra, showing the variation in characters that occur: A, Diadema antillarum; B, D. mexicanum; C, D, D. savignyi; E, D. setosum; F, Echinothrix calamaris (brown colour morph); G, E. calamaris (white colour morph); H, E. diadema; I, D. palmeri; J, D. palmeri (whole specimen). Scale bars: A-I, 5 mm; J, 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5401712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5401712/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">Fig. 2J</figureCitation>
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). These occurred as brilliant blue or lilac lines radiating down each side of the naked median areas of the interambulacra, as spots on each interambulacral plate on the adradial edge of each column, and as ring around the periproct.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40703FFDCFD5DF9ABFE11AEBA" blockId="5.[677,1210,1198,1700]" lastBlockId="6.[113,647,1008,1699]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="5" pageNumber="98">
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The ambulacra typically measured 20-25% of the interambulacra at the ambitus. Large naked areas occurred on the median areas of the interambulacra (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A510700FFDCFF57FBCDFF7EAE39" box="[177,253,1039,1066]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="6.[113,124,861,878]" captionTargetBox="[188,1134,215,816]" captionTargetId="figure-46@6.[472,756,473,559]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIG. 2. — A-I, photographs of the median areas of the interambulacra, showing the variation in characters that occur: A, Diadema antillarum; B, D. mexicanum; C, D, D. savignyi; E, D. setosum; F, Echinothrix calamaris (brown colour morph); G, E. calamaris (white colour morph); H, E. diadema; I, D. palmeri; J, D. palmeri (whole specimen). Scale bars: A-I, 5 mm; J, 50 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5401712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5401712/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Fig. 2I</figureCitation>
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). Th ese were triangular and cream in colour, with a thin line of iridophores either side. A single, large, red spot accompanied by two to four smaller spots were typically seen in the centre of the naked median areas.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF28665C0700FFDCFF97FC9FFC7EA988" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5401712" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5401712" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5401712/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" startId="6.[113,124,861,878]" targetBox="[188,1134,215,816]" targetPageId="6">
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40700FFDCFF97FC9FFC7EA988" blockId="6.[113,1210,861,923]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
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FIG. 2. —
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFF22FC9FFF5DA97D" bold="true" box="[196,222,861,878]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">A -I</emphasis>
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||
, photographs of the median areas of the interambulacra, showing the variation in characters that occur:
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFBB1FC9FFBE7A97D" bold="true" box="[1111,1124,861,878]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570700FFDCFB96FC9FFF41A996" authorityName="Philippi" authorityYear="1845" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Diademaceae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="antillarum">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFB96FC9FFF41A996" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Diadema antillarum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFF2BFCB6FF59A996" bold="true" box="[205,218,884,901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570700FFDCFF03FCB6FEDFA996" authorityName="A. Agassiz" authorityYear="1863" box="[229,348,884,901]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Diademaceae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFF03FCB6FEDFA996" box="[229,348,884,901]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">D. mexicanum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFE81FCB6FEF6A996" bold="true" box="[359,373,884,901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFE99FCB6FE0EA996" bold="true" box="[383,397,884,901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570700FFDCFE7EFCB6FE72A996" authorityName="Michelin" authorityYear="1845" box="[408,497,884,901]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Diademaceae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="savignyi">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFE7EFCB6FE72A996" box="[408,497,884,901]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">D. savignyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFE1AFCB6FD8BA996" bold="true" box="[508,520,884,901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570700FFDCFDF5FCB6FDF1A996" baseAuthorityName="Leske" baseAuthorityYear="1778" box="[531,626,884,901]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Diademaceae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="setosum">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFDF5FCB6FDF1A996" box="[531,626,884,901]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">D. setosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFD9AFCB6FD04A996" bold="true" box="[636,647,884,901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570700FFDCFD74FCB6FCC1A996" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[658,834,884,901]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Echinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calamaris">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFD74FCB6FCC1A996" box="[658,834,884,901]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Echinothrix calamaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(brown colour morph);
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFBE3FCB6FB90A996" bold="true" box="[1029,1043,884,901]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570700FFDCFBF8FCB6FB01A996" baseAuthorityName="Pallas" baseAuthorityYear="1774" box="[1054,1154,884,901]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Echinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="calamaris">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFBF8FCB6FB01A996" box="[1054,1154,884,901]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">E. calamaris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(white colour morph);
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFF16FC48FF7DA988" bold="true" box="[240,254,906,923]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">H</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570700FFDCFEEEFC48FEE5A988" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[264,358,906,923]" class="Echinoidea" family="Diadematidae" genus="Echinothrix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diadematoida" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="diadema">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFEEEFC48FEE5A988" box="[264,358,906,923]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">E. diadema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFE96FC48FEF5A988" bold="true" box="[368,374,906,923]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">I</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570700FFDCFE66FC48FE56A988" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1967" box="[384,469,906,923]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Diademaceae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="palmeri">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFE66FC48FE56A988" box="[384,469,906,923]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">D. palmeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFE39FC48FE6AA988" bold="true" box="[479,489,906,923]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">J</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570700FFDCFE12FC48FDCBA988" authorityName="Baker" authorityYear="1967" box="[500,584,906,923]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Diademaceae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="palmeri">
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFE12FC48FDCBA988" box="[500,584,906,923]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">D. palmeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(whole specimen). Scale bars: A-I, 5 mm; J, 50 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40700FFDCFF6EFB6CFD95AFF5" blockId="6.[113,647,1008,1699]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
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Th e apical system (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A510700FFDCFEB1FB6CFE2EAEDB" box="[343,429,1198,1224]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[113,124,680,697]" captionTargetBox="[171,1160,218,635]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[134,1189,203,645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Drawings of the apical systems, showing species specific characters of the periproct and genital plates: A, Diadema antillarum; B, D. ascensionis; C, D. mexicanum; D, D. palmeri; E, D. paucispinum; F, D. savignyi; G, D. setosum; H, Echinothrix calamaris (brown colour morph); I, E. calamaris (white colour morph); J, E. diadema. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5401708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5401708/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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) measured 29-32% of the test’s horizontal diameter, was monocyclic, with all ocular plates insert. Th e genital plates (
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<figureCitation id="136C2A510700FFDCFDBBFB2FFF15AF34" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[113,124,680,697]" captionTargetBox="[171,1160,218,635]" captionTargetId="figure-23@4.[134,1189,203,645]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Drawings of the apical systems, showing species specific characters of the periproct and genital plates: A, Diadema antillarum; B, D. ascensionis; C, D. mexicanum; D, D. palmeri; E, D. paucispinum; F, D. savignyi; G, D. setosum; H, Echinothrix calamaris (brown colour morph); I, E. calamaris (white colour morph); J, E. diadema. Scale bars: 5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5401708" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5401708/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
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) had between two and six tubercles on their inner edge, with corresponding spines found on living specimens. Strong arch-shaped depressions were found on the naked genital plates. Th ese formed the corners of the pentamerous apical ring. Th e genital pores were relatively small in relation to other species of the genus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40700FFDCFF6EFA29FF5CACB0" blockId="6.[113,647,1008,1699]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
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The periproct measured 16-18% (h.d.) and had a small anal cone that was slightly lighter in colour than the test, with white platelets present in the skin. A black anal ring was present around the opening, unique among species of
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<emphasis id="B923EAC60700FFDCFF97F94BFF5CACB0" box="[113,223,1673,1699]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName id="4C574D570700FFDCFF97F94BFF59ACB0" authorityName="G RAY" authorityYear="1825" box="[113,218,1673,1699]" class="Dothideomycetes" family="Diademaceae" genus="Diadema" kingdom="Fungi" order="Pleosporales" pageId="6" pageNumber="99" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="genus">Diadema</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BE836D40700FFDCFD5DFC32FCA4AE5A" blockId="6.[677,1210,1008,1097]" pageId="6" pageNumber="99">Th e peristome measured 35-45% (h.d.) and was predominantly red in large adult specimens, paler in juveniles.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |