298 lines
45 KiB
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298 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C01741421F75C7449EC28C080FF31805">Glaciambulata neumayeri gen. et sp. nov., a new Antarctic trachymedusa (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa), with a revision of the family Ptychogastriidae</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="9CC57022583AB48DCBBEE493FAB9C178">Horia R. Galea</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E15BF2CABA36B09FA0811659850ED6E0">Cornelia Roder</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BC16DE64554A1BFA10F353871676817D">Christoph Walcher</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="ECD40102D13BC100D5A5C0A3FD6E0DD3">Philipp F. Fischer</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03EB879BFF99FFACFDEC0079FE94E1C7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5628731" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127636782" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5628731" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EB879BFF99FFACFDEC0079FE94E1C7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EB879BFF99FFACFDEC0079FE94E1C7" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF99FFABFDEC0079FB83E596" blockId="10.[548,1039,1652,1714]" box="[548,1039,1652,1679]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<heading id="D0B581E1FF99FFABFDEC0079FB83E596" box="[548,1039,1652,1679]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="3" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF99FFABFDEC0079FB83E596" ID-CoL="78NMS" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[548,1039,1652,1679]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Ptychogastria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="asteroides">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF99FFABFDEC0079FCC7E596" bold="true" box="[548,843,1652,1679]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ptychogastria asteroides</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFC920078FB8AE596" author="Haeckel E." box="[858,1030,1653,1679]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher, Jena" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46856" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln. Gustav Fisher, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3586506FF99FFABFD140095FCD4E5AB" box="[732,856,1688,1714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF99FFABFD140095FCD4E5AB" blockId="10.[548,1039,1652,1714]" box="[732,856,1688,1714]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<figureCitation id="13792A08FF99FFABFD140095FCD4E5AB" box="[732,856,1688,1714]" captionStart="Fig. 4" captionStartId="11.[189,231,1788,1814]" captionTargetBox="[195,1394,408,1741]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[189,1398,401,1745]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Fig. 4. — A – B. Ptychogastria asteroides (Haeckel, 1879). A. Lateral view of a medusa. B. Portion of umbrella margin showing the arrangement of tentacles. — C – E. Ptychogastria polaris Allman, 1878. C. Medusa in lateral view. D. Oral view of half of the medusa, showing the arrangement of the marginal tentacles. E. Portion of the bell margin, greatly enlarged. — F – G. Tesserogastria musculosa Beyer, 1959. Medusa in lateral (F) and oral (G) aspects. [A, B redrawn after Gili et al. (1999); C, E redrawn after Panteleeva et al. (1999); D redrawn after Haeckel (1881 b); F, G redrawn after Hesthagen (1971)]. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C = 3 mm; E = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221253/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Fig. 4A–B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3586506FF99FFADFF7500D4FB23E0D4" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF99FFABFF7500D4FD27E5EA" blockId="10.[189,683,1753,1780]" box="[189,683,1753,1780]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF99FFABFF7500D4FD24E5EA" ID-CoL="767VV" authority="Haeckel, 1879: 267" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityPageNumber="267" authorityYear="1879" box="[189,680,1753,1780]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectanthis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="asteroides">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF99FFABFF7500D4FE3BE5EA" box="[189,439,1753,1779]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pectanthis asteroides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFE7700D4FDE1E5ED" author="Haeckel E." box="[447,621,1753,1780]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fisher, Jena" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.46856" refString="Haeckel E. 1879. Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln. Gustav Fisher, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Das System der Medusen. Erster Theil einer Monographie der Medusen. Mit einem Atlas von vierzig Tafeln" type="book" year="1879">Haeckel, 1879</bibRefCitation>
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: 267
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF99FFABFF750116FA98E441" blockId="10.[189,1399,1819,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF99FFABFF750116FE34E42C" ID-CoL="767VV" box="[189,440,1819,1845]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Pectanthis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="asteroides">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF99FFABFF750116FE34E42C" box="[189,440,1819,1845]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Pectanthis asteroides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
–
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFE1B0116FD0AE42C" author="Haeckel E." box="[467,646,1819,1845]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fischer, Jena" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refString="Haeckel E. 1881 a. Monographie der Medusen. Zweiter Theil. Erste Halfte: Die Tiefsee-Medusen der Challenger-Reise. Zweite Halfte: Der Organismus der Medusen. Gustav Fischer, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Monographie der Medusen. Zweiter Theil. Erste Halfte: Die Tiefsee-Medusen der Challenger-Reise. Zweite Halfte: Der Organismus der Medusen" type="book" year="1881" yearSuffix="a">Haeckel 1881a</bibRefCitation>
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: 17, pls 7–8; 1881b: 20, pls 7, 8. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFBE20116FB40E42C" author="Browne E. T." box="[1066,1228,1819,1845]" journalOrPublisher="Bergens Museum Arbog" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 36" part="1903" refString="Browne E. T. 1903. Report on some medusae from Norway and Spitzbergen. Bergens Museum Arbog 1903: 1 - 36." title="Report on some medusae from Norway and Spitzbergen" type="journal article" year="1903">Browne 1903</bibRefCitation>
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: 25, 26, 29. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFF1C0132FEEBE441" author="Maas O." box="[212,359,1854,1881]" journalOrPublisher="Fauna Arctica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="479 - 526" part="4" refString="Maas O. 1906 a. Die arktischen Medusen (ausschlieβlich der Polypenmedusen). Fauna Arctica 4 (3): 479 - 526." title="Die arktischen Medusen (ausschlieβlich der Polypenmedusen)" type="journal article" year="1906" yearSuffix="a">Maas 1906a</bibRefCitation>
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: 492. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFE190133FDF7E441" author="Bigelow H. B." box="[465,635,1854,1880]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the United States National Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="301 - 320" part="37" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00963801.37-1706.301" refString="Bigelow H. B. 1909. Coelenterates from Labrador and Newfoundland, collected by Mr. Owen Bryant from July to October, 1908. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 37 (1706): 301 - 320. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.37 - 1706.301" title="Coelenterates from Labrador and Newfoundland, collected by Mr. Owen Bryant from July to October, 1908" type="journal article" year="1909">Bigelow 1909</bibRefCitation>
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: 311. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFD2C0133FC28E441" author="Vanhoffen E." box="[740,932,1854,1880]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologie" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="351 - 396" part="5" refString="Vanhoffen E. 1912. Die craspedoten Medusen der deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition. Deutsche Sudpolar- Expedition 1901 - 1903, Zoologie 5 (3): 351 - 396." title="Die craspedoten Medusen der deutschen Sudpolar-Expedition. Deutsche Sudpolar- Expedition 1901 - 1903" type="journal article" year="1912">Vanhöffen 1912</bibRefCitation>
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: 386. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFBC60132FB16E440" author="Beyer F." box="[1038,1178,1854,1881]" journalOrPublisher="Nytt Magasin for Zoologi" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="121 - 143" part="6" refString="Beyer F. 1959. A new, bottom-living trachymedusa from the Oslofjord. Description of the species, and a general discussion of the life conditions and fauna of the fjord deeps. Nytt Magasin for Zoologi 6: 121 - 143." title="A new, bottom-living trachymedusa from the Oslofjord. Description of the species, and a general discussion of the life conditions and fauna of the fjord deeps" type="journal article" year="1959">Beyer 1959</bibRefCitation>
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: 126–130.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF99FFABFF75016CFAFBE4FC" blockId="10.[189,1399,1819,2022]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF99FFABFF75016CFE6DE462" ID-CoL="78NMS" box="[189,481,1889,1915]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Ptychogastria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="asteroides">
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<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF99FFABFF75016CFE6DE462" box="[189,481,1889,1915]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ptychogastria asteroides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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–
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFE35016FFD1AE462" author="Mayer A. G." box="[509,662,1889,1916]" journalOrPublisher="Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="231 - 498" part="109" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.5996" refString="Mayer A. G. 1910. Medusae of the world. Vol. II. The hydromedusae. Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 109: 231 - 498. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 5996" title="Medusae of the world. Vol. II. The hydromedusae" type="journal article" year="1910">Mayer, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 374. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFCC8016CFC1FE462" author="Thiel M. E." box="[768,915,1889,1915]" journalOrPublisher="Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, n. ser. 1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="435 - 514" part="3" refString="Thiel M. E. 1932 b. Die Hydromedusen-Fauna des Nordlichen Eismeeres in tiergeographischer Betrachtung. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, n. ser. 1 (3): 435 - 514." title="Die Hydromedusen-Fauna des Nordlichen Eismeeres in tiergeographischer Betrachtung" type="journal article" year="1932" yearSuffix="b">Thiel 1932b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 478. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFC34016FFB18E462" author="Kramp P. L." box="[1020,1172,1889,1916]" journalOrPublisher="Danish Ingolf Expedition 5 D" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 66" part="14" refString="Kramp P. L. 1947. Medusae. III. Trachylina and Scyphozoa. Danish Ingolf Expedition 5 D (14): 1 - 66." title="Medusae. III. Trachylina and Scyphozoa" type="journal article" year="1947">Kramp 1947</bibRefCitation>
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: 5; 1957: 46; 1959: 180, 205, 223, 226; 1961: 241; 1968: 174. —
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFD350189FC1CE486" author="Picard J." box="[765,912,1924,1951]" journalOrPublisher="Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="59 - 71" part="15" refString="Picard J. 1955. Nouvelles recherches sur les hydromeduses des herbiers mediterraneens de posidonies. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume 15: 59 - 71." title="Nouvelles recherches sur les hydromeduses des herbiers mediterraneens de posidonies" type="journal article" year="1955">Picard 1955</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 68. — Bouillon 1985: 202. —
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFAC70188FE0FE4DB" author="Boero F. & Bouillon J." journalOrPublisher="Indo- Malayan Zoology" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="29 - 243" part="1" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006" refString="Boero F. & Bouillon J. 1993. Zoogeography and life cycle patterns of Mediterranean hydromedusae (Cnidaria). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 48: 239 - 266. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / bijl. 1993.1017 Bouillon J. 1985. Essai de classiFcation des Hydropolypes-Hydromeduses (Hydrozoa-Cnidaria). Indo- Malayan Zoology 1: 29 - 243." title="Zoogeography and life cycle patterns of Mediterranean hydromedusae (Cnidaria). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 48: 239 - 266" type="journal article" year="1993">Boero & Bouillon 1993</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 266. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFE3C01A5FD3CE4DB" author="Gili J. M. & Bouillon J. & Pages F. & Palanques A. & Puig P. & Heussner S." box="[500,688,1960,1986]" journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="113 - 134" part="62" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refString="Gili J. M., Bouillon J., Pages F., Palanques A., Puig P. & Heussner S. 1998. Origin and biogeography of the deep-water Mediterranean hydromedusae including the description of two new species collected in submarine canyons of Northwestern Mediterranean. Scientia Marina 62 (1 - 2): 113 - 134. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 1998.62 n 1 - 2113" title="Origin and biogeography of the deep-water Mediterranean hydromedusae including the description of two new species collected in submarine canyons of Northwestern Mediterranean" type="journal article" year="1998">
|
||
Gili
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF99FFABFDE301A4FDEDE4DB" box="[555,609,1960,1986]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1998
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 116, 126, 129, 131, 132; 1999: 232, Fgs 6–7; 2000: 1517, 1526. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFE8901C6FDD5E4FC" author="Bouillon J. & Boero F." box="[321,601,1995,2021]" journalOrPublisher="Thalassia Salentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="47 - 296" part="24" refString="Bouillon J. & Boero F. 2000. Phylogeny and classiFcation of Hydroidomedusae. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hydroidomedusae of the world, with a list of the worldwide species. Thalassia Salentina 24: 47 - 296." title="Phylogeny and classiFcation of Hydroidomedusae. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hydroidomedusae of the world, with a list of the worldwide species" type="journal article" year="2000">Bouillon & Boero 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 68. —
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF99FFABFD7B01C6FC2DE4FC" author="Bouillon J. & Boero F." box="[691,929,1995,2021]" journalOrPublisher="Thalassia Salentina" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="47 - 296" part="24" refString="Bouillon J. & Boero F. 2000. Phylogeny and classiFcation of Hydroidomedusae. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hydroidomedusae of the world, with a list of the worldwide species. Thalassia Salentina 24: 47 - 296." title="Phylogeny and classiFcation of Hydroidomedusae. Synopsis of the families and genera of the Hydroidomedusae of the world, with a list of the worldwide species" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Bouillon
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF99FFABFCE901C1FCD8E4FC" box="[801,852,1995,2021]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 92; 2004: 240, Fg. 152A–C; 2006: 112.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF3D6605FF98FFAAFF7500F1FD33E4F3" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/221253/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[195,1394,408,1741]" targetPageId="11">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF98FFAAFF7500F1FD33E4F3" blockId="11.[189,1399,1788,2026]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF98FFAAFF7500F1FEFDE40F" bold="true" box="[189,369,1788,1814]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 4. — A–B</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF98FFAAFE4A00F1FCE7E40F" ID-CoL="78NMS" authority="Haeckel, 1879" authorityName="Haeckel" authorityYear="1879" box="[386,875,1788,1814]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Ptychogastria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="asteroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF98FFAAFE4A00F1FD2EE40F" box="[386,674,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ptychogastria asteroides</emphasis>
|
||
(Haeckel, 1879)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF98FFAAFCB000F1FC01E40F" bold="true" box="[888,909,1788,1814]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Lateral view of a medusa.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF98FFAAFB1400F1FB63E40F" bold="true" box="[1244,1263,1788,1814]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Portion of umbrella margin showing the arrangement of tentacles. —
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF98FFAAFCB00112FC23E420" bold="true" box="[888,943,1823,1850]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C–E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF98FFAAFC090112FAFEE420" ID-CoL="6WNMR" authority="Allman, 1878" authorityName="Allman" authorityYear="1878" box="[961,1394,1823,1849]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Ptychogastria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF98FFAAFC090112FB4EE420" box="[961,1218,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Ptychogastria polaris</emphasis>
|
||
Allman, 1878
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF98FFAAFF75014FFF5EE445" bold="true" box="[189,210,1858,1884]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Medusa in lateral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF98FFAAFE3E014EFD87E444" bold="true" box="[502,523,1859,1885]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Oral view of half of the medusa, showing the arrangement of the marginal tentacles.
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF98FFAAFEFE016BFEC6E499" bold="true" box="[310,330,1894,1920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">E</emphasis>
|
||
. Portion of the bell margin, greatly enlarged. —
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF98FFAAFC63016BFC6FE466" bold="true" box="[939,995,1893,1920]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">F–G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF98FFAAFC3D016BFF76E4BD" ID-CoL="55JH5" authority="Beyer, 1959" authorityName="Beyer" authorityYear="1959" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Tesserogastria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="musculosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF98FFAAFC3D016BFAACE499" box="[1013,1312,1894,1920]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Tesserogastria musculosa</emphasis>
|
||
Beyer, 1959
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Medusa in lateral (F) and oral (G) aspects. [A, B redrawn after Gili
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF98FFAAFBC20187FBB7E4BA" box="[1034,1083,1929,1955]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999); C, E redrawn after Panteleeva
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF98FFAAFE8B01A0FEFAE4DF" box="[323,374,1964,1990]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999); D redrawn after Haeckel (1881b); F, G redrawn after Hesthagen (1971)]. Scale bars: A, B = 500 µm; C = 3 mm; E = 2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9FFFADFF750706FEC2E23C" blockId="12.[189,1399,267,973]" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<heading id="D0B581E1FF9FFFADFF750706FEC2E23C" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9FFFADFF750706FEC2E23C" bold="true" box="[189,334,267,293]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Description</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9FFFADFF750734FB23E0D4" blockId="12.[189,1399,267,973]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Umbrella 1–2 mm high and 4–5 mm wide, dome-shaped in a contracted state, and comparatively Fattened when relaxed. Mesoglea relatively thin, giving rise to a small, blunt, apical projection. Exumbrella with 16 radiating ribs (8 perradial and 8 interradial) alternating with as many grooves, giving the margin a “lobed” appearance. Each umbrellar “lobe” bears a group of 12–16 solid tentacles arranged in a few, horizontally stacked rows; the three large, uppermost tentacles Fliform, borne on a conical projection enveloping their bases; projection crowded with irregular, refringent, likely mineral inclusions, as well as with stenoteles; additional tentacles of two types, Fliform and adhesive; surface of all Fliform tentacles covered with successive rings of spherical stenoteles of varied sizes; adhesive tentacles with a few, scattered stenoteles, ending distally in adhesive pads; a total of 200–260 tentacles per medusa. A free, pendant statocyst in middle of each umbrellar lobe, below the lowest row of tentacles; short, club-shaped, with single, spherical to elliptical statolith. Manubrium about half the length of the subumbrellar cavity; quadrangular proximally and eight-lobed towards middle; mouth with four simple lips crowded with mainly large stenoteles and granular, gland cells. Eight radial canals, bound to the wall of the manubrium through 8 shelf-like mesenteries, connect to the ring canal; centripetal canals absent. A continuous ring of nematocysts below the groups of tentacles. Velum thick and broad. Eight pairs of ovoid gonads on either side of the manubrial lobes; members of a pair separated through a mesentery. Cnidome: only stenoteles in two size classes reported to date. Color: perradial ribs of exumbrella purple-red, expanding distally into an ovoid spot of the same color; umbrella margin between the groups of tentacles yellowish; manubrium gold-yellow; tentacles translucent-yellow; adhesive disks red; gonads red.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3586506FF9FFFADFF7505F8FD49E499" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9FFFADFF7505F8FEA3E716" blockId="12.[189,303,1013,1039]" box="[189,303,1013,1039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<heading id="D0B581E1FF9FFFADFF7505F8FEA3E716" bold="true" box="[189,303,1013,1039]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9FFFADFF7505F8FEA3E716" bold="true" box="[189,303,1013,1039]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Remarks</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9FFFADFF75022EFED9E7D3" blockId="12.[189,1399,1059,1226]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The tentacles of this medusa were described and illustrated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9FFFADFC03022EFB07E724" author="Haeckel E." box="[971,1163,1059,1085]" journalOrPublisher="Gustav Fischer, Jena" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refString="Haeckel E. 1881 a. Monographie der Medusen. Zweiter Theil. Erste Halfte: Die Tiefsee-Medusen der Challenger-Reise. Zweite Halfte: Der Organismus der Medusen. Gustav Fischer, Jena. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 46856" title="Monographie der Medusen. Zweiter Theil. Erste Halfte: Die Tiefsee-Medusen der Challenger-Reise. Zweite Halfte: Der Organismus der Medusen" type="book" year="1881" yearSuffix="a">Haeckel (1881a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9FFFADFB54022EFB6AE727" author="Haeckel E." box="[1180,1254,1059,1086]" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 154" part="4" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6513" refString="Haeckel E. 1881 b. Report on the deep-sea medusae dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the ScientiFc Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology 4 (2): 1 - 154. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513" title="Report on the deep-sea medusae dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the ScientiFc Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76" type="journal article" year="1881" yearSuffix="b">1881b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as hollow, which made
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9FFFADFE9B024AFE76E779" author="Kramp P. L." box="[339,506,1094,1121]" journalOrPublisher="Danish Ingolf Expedition 5 D" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 66" part="14" refString="Kramp P. L. 1947. Medusae. III. Trachylina and Scyphozoa. Danish Ingolf Expedition 5 D (14): 1 - 66." title="Medusae. III. Trachylina and Scyphozoa" type="journal article" year="1947">Kramp (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
doubt about its afFnities with the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF9FFFADFC1F024BFBF0E779" box="[983,1148,1094,1120]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Ptychogastria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9FFFADFC1F024BFBF0E779" box="[983,1148,1094,1120]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Ptychogastria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Later,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9FFFADFB1E024BFAFBE778" author="Picard J." box="[1238,1399,1094,1121]" journalOrPublisher="Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="59 - 71" part="15" refString="Picard J. 1955. Nouvelles recherches sur les hydromeduses des herbiers mediterraneens de posidonies. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume 15: 59 - 71." title="Nouvelles recherches sur les hydromeduses des herbiers mediterraneens de posidonies" type="journal article" year="1955">Picard (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found the species again and stated that all its tentacles were solid. Haeckel also noted that “all sixteen [exumbrellar] ribs are tipped with nematocysts”, but his statement was subsequently invalidated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9FFFADFA810281FEDDE7D3" author="Gili J. M. & Bouillon J. & Pages F. & Palanques A. & Puig P." journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="313 - 329" part="125" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/zjls.1997.0107" refString="Gili J. M., Bouillon J., Pages F., Palanques A. & Puig P. 1999. Submarine canyons as habitats of proliFc plankton: three new deep-sea Hydroidomedusae in the western Mediterranean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 125: 313 - 329. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 1997.0107" title="Submarine canyons as habitats of proliFc plankton: three new deep-sea Hydroidomedusae in the western Mediterranean" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Gili
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9FFFADFF7502BCFF7CE7D3" box="[189,240,1200,1226]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9FFFADFF7502FCFCD7E5CC" blockId="12.[189,1399,1265,1749]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The shape of the manubrium, as well as the position of gonads in Haeckel’s (1881b) account, is highly contradictory. In the legend of his Fg. 1 (pl. 7), he stated: “In the middle [,] the golden-yellow base of the stomach with the surrounding corona of red genitalia shines through the umbrella” and, indeed, a pair of gonads is illustrated on either side of an eight-lobed manubrium. A similar condition is seen in his pl. 7 Fg. 3. In contrast, his Fg. 2, from the same plate, depicts a quadrangular manubrium and eight pairs of gonads originating from the proximal parts of the radial canals, thus apparently Ftting the rather imprecise diagnosis he gave of the species (p. 20): “Eight egg-shaped genitalia in the proximal half of the radial canal (
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9FFFADFE4A03E5FE20E51B" box="[386,428,1512,1538]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">sic!</emphasis>
|
||
), encircling the basis of the stomach in the form of an eight-rayed star, and halved by long radial mesogonia”. However,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9FFFADFD4B0006FCF9E53C" author="Haeckel E." box="[643,885,1547,1573]" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="1 - 154" part="4" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6513" refString="Haeckel E. 1881 b. Report on the deep-sea medusae dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the ScientiFc Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology 4 (2): 1 - 154. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513" title="Report on the deep-sea medusae dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the ScientiFc Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76" type="journal article" year="1881" yearSuffix="b">Haeckel (1881b: 23)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
seems to clarify his observations by stating the following: “The eight genitalia […] surround the basis of the stomach like an eight-rayed star”. Although not making speciFc comments, a similar situation is seen in the more recent account by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9FFFADFA81005CFEC7E596" author="Gili J. M. & Bouillon J. & Pages F. & Palanques A. & Puig P." journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="313 - 329" part="125" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/zjls.1997.0107" refString="Gili J. M., Bouillon J., Pages F., Palanques A. & Puig P. 1999. Submarine canyons as habitats of proliFc plankton: three new deep-sea Hydroidomedusae in the western Mediterranean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 125: 313 - 329. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 1997.0107" title="Submarine canyons as habitats of proliFc plankton: three new deep-sea Hydroidomedusae in the western Mediterranean" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Gili
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9FFFADFF750078FF7EE597" box="[189,242,1652,1678]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 324, Fg. 6), who Fgured the gonads around a rather lobed manubrium, the unambiguous shape of which is even more evident in their Fg. 7 (right drawing). It is worth noting that the manubrial lobes in this species are less developed than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF9FFFADFD2C00B1FCD8E5CC" box="[740,852,1723,1749]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Ptychogastria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9FFFADFD2C00B1FCD8E5CC" box="[740,852,1723,1749]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">P. polaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9FFFADFF7500F0FD49E499" blockId="12.[189,1399,1788,1920]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
In addition, the position of the marginal “lobes” of the umbrella (and, consequently, of the groups of tentacles) seems to be erroneous in Haeckel’s account. Indeed, he placed two lobes (with their respective tentacle groups) in each octant (pl. 7 Fgs 1–3), while
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9FFFADFC80014EFB81E444" author="Gili J. M. & Bouillon J. & Pages F. & Palanques A. & Puig P." box="[840,1037,1859,1885]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" pagination="313 - 329" part="125" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/zjls.1997.0107" refString="Gili J. M., Bouillon J., Pages F., Palanques A. & Puig P. 1999. Submarine canyons as habitats of proliFc plankton: three new deep-sea Hydroidomedusae in the western Mediterranean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 125: 313 - 329. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 1997.0107" title="Submarine canyons as habitats of proliFc plankton: three new deep-sea Hydroidomedusae in the western Mediterranean" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Gili
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9FFFADFCB7014EFC39E444" box="[895,949,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fg. 7) illustrate 8 of them as perradial, and the remaining 8 as interradial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3586506FF9EFFACFF750706FCB4E13E" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9EFFACFF750706FEACE23C" blockId="13.[189,1399,267,551]" box="[189,288,267,293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<heading id="D0B581E1FF9EFFACFF750706FEACE23C" bold="true" box="[189,288,267,293]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9EFFACFF750706FEACE23C" bold="true" box="[189,288,267,293]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Ecology</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9EFFACFF750734FCB4E13E" blockId="13.[189,1399,267,551]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Often recorded in both intermediate waters above submarine canyons and near the sea Foor close to the continental shelf. Owing to the most frequent occurrence of the specimens in traps placed in intermediate waters than in those close to the bottom, lead
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9EFFACFCA2078DFBA2E283" author="Gili J. M. & Bouillon J. & Pages F. & Palanques A. & Puig P." box="[874,1070,384,410]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="313 - 329" part="125" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/zjls.1997.0107" refString="Gili J. M., Bouillon J., Pages F., Palanques A. & Puig P. 1999. Submarine canyons as habitats of proliFc plankton: three new deep-sea Hydroidomedusae in the western Mediterranean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 125: 313 - 329. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 1997.0107" title="Submarine canyons as habitats of proliFc plankton: three new deep-sea Hydroidomedusae in the western Mediterranean" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Gili
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9EFFACFC57078CFC5EE283" box="[927,978,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1999)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
to suspect that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF9EFFACFB2B078CFAFBE283" box="[1251,1399,384,410]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Ptychogastria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="asteroides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9EFFACFB2B078CFAFBE283" box="[1251,1399,384,410]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. asteroides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a medusa that shows longer swimming periods compared to its congener
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF9EFFACFBF107A9FB26E2A4" box="[1081,1194,419,445]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Ptychogastriidae" genus="Ptychogastria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trachymedusae" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="polaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9EFFACFBF107A9FB26E2A4" box="[1081,1194,419,445]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">P. polaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below). The specimens obtained by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9EFFACFE0707CBFDE3E2F8" author="Picard J." box="[463,623,454,481]" journalOrPublisher="Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="59 - 71" part="15" refString="Picard J. 1955. Nouvelles recherches sur les hydromeduses des herbiers mediterraneens de posidonies. Recueil des Travaux de la Station Marine d'Endoume 15: 59 - 71." title="Nouvelles recherches sur les hydromeduses des herbiers mediterraneens de posidonies" type="journal article" year="1955">Picard (1955)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
from 10 m depth over a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C424D0EFF9EFFACFC4707CBFB8AE2F9" box="[911,1030,454,480]" class="Liliopsida" family="Posidoniaceae" genus="Posidonia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9EFFACFC4707CBFB8AE2F9" box="[911,1030,454,480]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Posidonia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
bed are suspected to have been brought there fortuitously after a heavy sea episode. The normal bathymetric range varies between 200 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9EFFACFEDE0401FE46E13E" author="Haeckel E." box="[278,458,524,551]" journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 154" part="4" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6513" refString="Haeckel E. 1881 b. Report on the deep-sea medusae dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the ScientiFc Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology 4 (2): 1 - 154. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513" title="Report on the deep-sea medusae dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the ScientiFc Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76" type="journal article" year="1881" yearSuffix="b">Haeckel 1881b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and 1150 m (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9EFFACFDBB0401FCA7E13E" author="Gili J. M. & Bouillon J. & Pages F. & Palanques A. & Puig P." box="[627,811,524,551]" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="313 - 329" part="125" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/zjls.1997.0107" refString="Gili J. M., Bouillon J., Pages F., Palanques A. & Puig P. 1999. Submarine canyons as habitats of proliFc plankton: three new deep-sea Hydroidomedusae in the western Mediterranean. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 125: 313 - 329. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1006 / zjls. 1997.0107" title="Submarine canyons as habitats of proliFc plankton: three new deep-sea Hydroidomedusae in the western Mediterranean" type="journal article" year="1999">
|
||
Gili
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9EFFACFD620400FD51E13E" box="[682,733,525,551]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3586506FF9EFFACFF750443FE94E1C7" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9EFFACFF750443FEDAE171" blockId="13.[189,342,590,616]" box="[189,342,590,616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<heading id="D0B581E1FF9EFFACFF750443FEDAE171" bold="true" box="[189,342,590,616]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" reason="2">
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9EFFACFF750443FEDAE171" bold="true" box="[189,342,590,616]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BFD368DFF9EFFACFF750470FE94E1C7" blockId="13.[189,1398,636,734]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Many recent records are from the northern part of the Mediterranean basin (France and Spain) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9EFFACFAC00471FF70E1A3" author="Bouillon J. & Pages F. & Gili J. M. & Palanques A. & Puig P. & Heussner S." journalOrPublisher="Scientia Marina" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="87 - 95" part="64" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi" refString="Bouillon J., Pages F., Gili J. M., Palanques A., Puig P. & Heussner S. 2000. Deep-water Hydromedusae from the Lacaze-Duthiers submarine canyon (Banyuls, northwestern Mediterranean) and description of two new genera, Guillea and Parateclaia. Scientia Marina 64 (Suppl. 1): 87 - 95. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3989 / scimar. 2000.64 s 187" title="Deep-water Hydromedusae from the Lacaze-Duthiers submarine canyon (Banyuls, northwestern Mediterranean) and description of two new genera, Guillea and Parateclaia" type="journal article" year="2000">
|
||
Gili
|
||
<emphasis id="B936EA9FFF9EFFACFAF50470FAE3E18E" box="[1341,1391,637,663]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2000
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), but the species is known to extend its distribution westwards to the Strait of Gibraltar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD34B7CFF9EFFACFADC04ADFE87E1C7" author="Haeckel E." journalOrPublisher="Zoology" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="1 - 154" part="4" publicationUrl="http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.6513" refString="Haeckel E. 1881 b. Report on the deep-sea medusae dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the ScientiFc Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology 4 (2): 1 - 154. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6513" title="Report on the deep-sea medusae dredged by H. M. S. Challenger, during the years 1873 - 1876. Report on the ScientiFc Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76" type="journal article" year="1881" yearSuffix="b">Haeckel 1881b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |