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<document ID-DOI="10.37520/fi.2022.013" ID-ISSN="2533-4069" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7167911" approvalRequired="23" approvalRequired_for_taxonomicNames="3" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="19" approvalRequired_for_treatments="1" checkinTime="1665263345101" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Manchester, Steven R. &amp; Collinson, Margaret E." docDate="2022" docId="03CD878597129C3FFF326890FB2AFBAF" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilImprint.78.1.310-328.pdf" docOrigin="Fossil Imprint 78 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.37520/fi.2022.013" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634.2:FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleId="0EC54BF35E227CA4627F894F6BA30634" docStyleName="FossilImprint.2016-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH., Mai 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="318" masterDocId="FFF4FFFD971A9C37FFE96D35FFF3FFBA" masterDocTitle="Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision" masterLastPageNumber="328" masterPageNumber="310" pageNumber="318" updateTime="1665275189773" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-ND-3.0">
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<mods:title>Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Manchester, Steven R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Collinson, Margaret E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<paragraph blockId="8.[219,631,1444,1469]" box="[219,631,1444,1469]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
<heading box="[219,631,1444,1469]" centered="true" fontSize="8" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" reason="2">
<taxonomicName authority="KIRCHH., 1936" authorityName="KIRCHH., Mai" authorityYear="1993" box="[219,631,1444,1469]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Mastixiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nyssoides">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[219,631,1444,1469]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[219,468,1444,1469]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixiopsis nyssoides</emphasis>
KIRCHH., 1936
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[351,500,1477,1501]" box="[351,500,1477,1501]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
<figureCitation box="[351,500,1477,1501]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5ag</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="318" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="8.[106,745,1525,2100]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
<materialsCitation country="Germany" county="We" location="Eocene of Riestedt" municipality="The" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" specimenCount="1">
R e m a r k s.
<taxonomicName box="[296,431,1525,1548]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Mastixiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[296,431,1525,1548]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixiopsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is an extinct genus which was first recognized from the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD878597129C3FFF326890FB2AFBAF:8EBB604897129C3FFE456B23FD89F997" box="[428,634,1557,1581]" country="Germany" county="We" municipality="The" name="Eocene of Riestedt" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Eocene of Riestedt</location>
,
<collectingCountry box="[645,744,1557,1581]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Germany</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Kirchheimer, F." box="[113,331,1589,1613]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" pagination="275 - 300" refId="ref12726" refString="Kirchheimer, F. (1936): Zur Kenntnis der Fruchte rezenter und fossiler Mastixoioideen. - Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt, Abt. B, 55: 275 - 300." type="journal article" year="1936">Kirchheimer 1936</bibRefCitation>
).
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD878597129C3FFF326890FB2AFBAF:8EBB604897129C3FFE846B00FE65F9F7" box="[365,406,1589,1613]" country="Germany" county="We" municipality="The" name="The" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">The</location>
fruits are unilocular with a locule that is curved in cross section (
<figureCitation box="[565,732,1622,1646]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5l, m</figureCitation>
).
<collectingMunicipality box="[106,147,1654,1678]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">The</collectingMunicipality>
germination valve extends over the entire length of the endocarp (Kircheimer 1936).
<collectingCounty box="[476,511,1687,1710]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">We</collectingCounty>
reexamined the
<typeStatus box="[699,745,1687,1711]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">type</typeStatus>
material and used Scanning electron microscopy to document the pericarp anatomy (
<figureCitation box="[343,472,1751,1776]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5n</figureCitation>
). The endocarp is a dense tissue composed of fibers and sclereids and is surrounded by a thick mesocarp of larger anticlinally oriented cells (Textfig. 5ln)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[106,745,1525,2100]" lastBlockId="8.[820,1460,152,1045]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
In his concept of
<taxonomicName authority="KIRCHH., Mai (1993)" authorityName="KIRCHH., Mai" authorityYear="1993" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Mastixiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nyssoides">
<emphasis box="[346,590,1881,1905]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixiopsis nyssoides</emphasis>
KIRCHH.,
<bibRefCitation author="Mai, D. H." pageId="8" pageNumber="318" pagination="53 - 63" refId="ref13003" refString="Mai, D. H. (1993): On the extinct Mastixiaceae (Cornales) in Europe. - Geophytology, 23: 53 - 63." type="journal article" year="1993">Mai (1993)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
included a specimen called “
<emphasis box="[522,532,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">?</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authority="M. CHANDLER, 1962" authorityName="M. CHANDLER" authorityYear="1962" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cantiensis">
<emphasis box="[531,745,1914,1937]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixia cantiensis</emphasis>
M.
<bibRefCitation author="Chandler, M. E. J." box="[136,316,1946,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" refId="ref11513" refString="Chandler, M. E. J. (1962): The lower Tertiary floras of southern England. II. Flora of the Pipe-clay series of Dorset (Lower Bagshot). - British Museum (Natural History), London, 176 pp., 29 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110079" type="book" year="1962">CHANDLER, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(non
<bibRefCitation author="Reid, E. M. &amp; Chandler, M. E. J." box="[397,684,1946,1970]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" refId="ref13811" refString="Reid, E. M., Chandler, M. E. J. (1933): The London Clay flora. - the British Museum (Natural History), London, 561 pp., pls I - XXXIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110147" type="book" year="1933">Reid and Chandler 1933</bibRefCitation>
)” by
<bibRefCitation author="Chandler, M. E. J." box="[106,385,1978,2003]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" refId="ref11513" refString="Chandler, M. E. J. (1962): The lower Tertiary floras of southern England. II. Flora of the Pipe-clay series of Dorset (Lower Bagshot). - British Museum (Natural History), London, 176 pp., 29 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110079" type="book" year="1962">Chandler (1962: 122123</bibRefCitation>
, pl. 18, figs 13) from the early Eocene
<collectingRegion box="[195,265,2011,2034]" country="United Kingdom" name="Dorset" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Dorset</collectingRegion>
Pipe clays at Arne,
<collectingCountry box="[501,542,2011,2034]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">UK</collectingCountry>
. That specimen is refigured here (
<figureCitation box="[267,420,2043,2067]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5a, b</figureCitation>
). However, Mai was unable to study the original material and stated “without the knowledge of the originals, it is not possible to decide whether this determination is also correct for the typical
<taxonomicName authority="E. REID et M. CHANDLER (1933)" authorityName="E. REID et M. CHANDLER" authorityYear="1933" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cantiensis">
<emphasis box="[1259,1459,184,207]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixia cantiensis</emphasis>
E.REID et M.CHANDLER (1933)
</taxonomicName>
from the London Clay.” (
<bibRefCitation author="Mai, D. H." pageId="8" pageNumber="318" pagination="53 - 63" refId="ref13003" refString="Mai, D. H. (1993): On the extinct Mastixiaceae (Cornales) in Europe. - Geophytology, 23: 53 - 63." type="journal article" year="1993">
<date pageId="8" pageNumber="318" value="1993-05">Mai 1993</date>
: 59
</bibRefCitation>
). We encountered two additional specimens of the same kind from the London Clay of Sheppey. One of them (
<figureCitation box="[827,1004,312,337]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5c, e, g</figureCitation>
) was listed as a specimen of
<taxonomicName authorityName="E. REID et M. CHANDLER" authorityYear="1933" box="[1318,1459,313,336]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cantiensis">
<emphasis box="[1318,1459,313,336]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">M. cantiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation author="Reid, E. M. &amp; Chandler, M. E. J." box="[855,1135,345,369]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" refId="ref13811" refString="Reid, E. M., Chandler, M. E. J. (1933): The London Clay flora. - the British Museum (Natural History), London, 561 pp., pls I - XXXIII. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110147" type="book" year="1933">Reid and Chandler (1933)</bibRefCitation>
, and the other (
<figureCitation captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5d, f, h</figureCitation>
) was cited by the same authors as the
<typeStatus box="[1241,1331,377,401]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">paratype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName authority="REID et CHANDLER" authorityName="REID et CHANDLER" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Nyssaceae" genus="Mastixia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixia grandis</emphasis>
REID et CHANDLER
</taxonomicName>
(the
<typeStatus box="[1136,1227,409,433]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">holotype</typeStatus>
of which we now treat as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Manchester &amp; Collinson" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="E. REID et M. CHANDLER" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[849,1052,441,465]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Tectocarya" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandis">
<emphasis box="[849,1052,441,465]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Tectocarya grandis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). We re-examined the type material of
<emphasis box="[820,945,474,497]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixopsis</emphasis>
from Riestedt for comparison (
<figureCitation box="[1272,1419,473,497]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5in</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="8.[820,1460,152,1045]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">
<materialsCitation collectionCode="CT" county="Future" location="Eocene of Riestedt" municipality="Riestedt" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" specimenCount="1">
The
<typeStatus box="[911,957,506,530]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">type</typeStatus>
material of
<taxonomicName authorityName="KIRCHH., Mai" authorityYear="1993" box="[1102,1351,506,530]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cornaceae" genus="Mastixiopsis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cornales" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nyssoides">
<emphasis box="[1102,1351,506,530]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Mastixiopsis nyssoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD878597129C3FFF326890FB2AFBAF:8EBB604897129C3FFCDD6F2FFBF7FD88" box="[820,1028,538,562]" county="Future" municipality="Riestedt" name="Eocene of Riestedt" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Eocene of Riestedt</location>
shows prominent external longitudinal grooves (
<figureCitation box="[929,1091,570,594]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5ik</figureCitation>
).
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD878597129C3FFF326890FB2AFBAF:8EBB604897129C3FFBB66F0FFB6CFDE8" box="[1119,1183,570,594]" county="Future" municipality="Riestedt" name="These" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">These</location>
grooves are also seen in the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD878597129C3FFF326890FB2AFBAF:8EBB604897129C3FFC976F6EFC40FDC9" box="[894,947,603,627]" county="Future" municipality="Riestedt" name="Arne" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Arne</location>
specimen (
<figureCitation box="[1077,1206,602,626]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5a</figureCitation>
using pl. 18, fig.
<quantity box="[1414,1459,602,627]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
<bibRefCitation author="Chandler, M. E. J." box="[820,987,635,659]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" refId="ref11513" refString="Chandler, M. E. J. (1962): The lower Tertiary floras of southern England. II. Flora of the Pipe-clay series of Dorset (Lower Bagshot). - British Museum (Natural History), London, 176 pp., 29 pls. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 110079" type="book" year="1962">Chandler 1962</bibRefCitation>
), but they are not obvious on the outside of the pyritized
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD878597129C3FFF326890FB2AFBAF:8EBB604897129C3FFC0F6FAEFBB1FD09" box="[998,1090,667,691]" county="Future" municipality="Riestedt" name="Sheppey" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Sheppey</location>
specimens (
<figureCitation box="[1227,1384,667,691]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5c, d</figureCitation>
).
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD878597129C3FFF326890FB2AFBAF:8EBB604897129C3FFA606FAEFA41FD09" box="[1417,1458,667,691]" county="Future" municipality="Riestedt" name="The" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">The</location>
undulatory contact between the epicarp and mesocarp as seen in transverse sections (
<figureCitation box="[1065,1216,731,755]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5f, h</figureCitation>
) may be an indication of those grooves but the spacing lacks the uniformity of the grooves in
<figureCitation box="[944,1070,796,820]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5a</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation box="[1127,1278,796,820]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5ik</figureCitation>
.
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD878597129C3FFF326890FB2AFBAF:8EBB604897129C3FFAE26E29FAC7FC8E" box="[1291,1332,796,820]" county="Future" municipality="Riestedt" name="The" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">The</location>
anatomical composition of the
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03CD878597129C3FFF326890FB2AFBAF:8EBB604897129C3FFBCD6E09FB48FCEE" box="[1060,1211,828,852]" county="Future" municipality="Riestedt" name="London Clay" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">London Clay</location>
specimens conforms well with those from
<collectingMunicipality box="[1064,1154,860,884]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Riestedt</collectingMunicipality>
, including the mesocarp of anticlinally oriented elongate cells and the more dense inner sclerenchymatous layers forming the endocarp.
<collectingCounty box="[1346,1416,925,948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Future</collectingCounty>
<collectionCode box="[1425,1459,925,949]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14492" name="University of Cape Town" pageId="8" pageNumber="318" type="Herbarium">CT</collectionCode>
study of the Reistedt and Arne specimens and the London Clay specimen in
<figureCitation box="[1011,1181,989,1013]" captionStart="Text-fig" captionStartId="7.[147,228,1704,1725]" captionTargetBox="[153,1462,154,1688]" captionTargetId="figure-3@7.[118,1482,150,1697]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, gn: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. cf: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). in: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1cm in (af), (ik), 1mm in (g), 2mm in (h), 3mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7167921" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7167921/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="318">Text-fig. 5e, f, h</figureCitation>
will be helpful to confirm if all of these belong to the same taxon
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>