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<document id="C223952FE5AE04D55B9EE9FFF3873A10" ID-CLB-Dataset="22080" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0bd16ef3-56e3-4251-8243-9d59e5606493" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3831592" ID-ZooBank="CD1C6AAF-AAA0-40B6-92E4-63073CBC4B79" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589786743121" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J. &amp; Weissman, David B." docDate="2020" docId="45678794FF95FFE8AD962068FE2A5060" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4779.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4779 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Glaphyrosomatinae Rentz &amp; Weissman 1973" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="4" masterDocId="B95EFFECFF96FFEBAD012141FFE25713" masterDocTitle="Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae) including new species and biological information" masterLastPageNumber="37" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698840010879" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="3B8D20AD1C477B32DCE4E544EFF273C2">Review of Glaphyrosoma (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Anostostomatidae) including new species and biological information</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="41D989DDF04F3166753847DDE7FA4204">Cadena-Castañeda, Oscar J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="37D594C42B2C9DB4FF8D63A7064DFB91">Weissman, David B.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CA4E9455B99EBEDACF56CA8A10CB474D">Department of Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA gryllus @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4840 - 6734</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:identifier id="4CAAADDD12646AA27C459C9B063F3124" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4779.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="45678794FF95FFE8AD962068FE2A5060" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3850461" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164166847" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3850461" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:45678794FF95FFE8AD962068FE2A5060" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/45678794FF95FFE8AD962068FE2A5060" lastPageNumber="4" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<subSubSection id="85D46509FF95FFE8AD962068FC535657" box="[151,945,297,324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CD713682FF95FFE8AD962068FC535657" blockId="3.[151,945,297,324]" box="[151,945,297,324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<heading id="963981EEFF95FFE8AD962068FC535657" bold="true" box="[151,945,297,324]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AD962068FC535657" bold="true" box="[151,945,297,324]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Subfamily
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AC1E2068FCB45650" ID-CoL="8PSPS" authority="Rentz &amp; Weissman, 1973" authorityName="Rentz &amp; Weissman" authorityYear="1973" box="[287,854,297,324]" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Glaphyrosomatinae">Glaphyrosomatinae Rentz &amp; Weissman, 1973</taxonomicName>
n. stat.
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="85D46509FF95FFE8AD962030FC9D54E3" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="CD713682FF95FFE8AD962030FB5B54D8" blockId="3.[151,1437,369,1907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AD962030FEF6569F" bold="true" box="[151,276,369,396]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Small to mid-sized insects (
<quantity id="0A369B67FF95FFE8AF4C2030FD5D569F" box="[589,703,369,396]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" unit="mm" value="19.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="9.0">9–30 mm</quantity>
.). Body usually robust. No sexual specialization of the head; mandibles and maxilla symmetric. Smooth fastigium of vertex, extraordinarily long maxillary palpi when compared to other anostostomatid genera (
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8ACE720F8FDAB56C0" box="[486,585,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,197,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Glaphyrosoma mexicanum (Male from Michoacán). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831598/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 3B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AF5720FBFD9B56C7" box="[598,633,442,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,192,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[207,1380,181,1907]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Glaphyrosoma brevivaginalis n. sp. (Male from Nuevo León). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AF8720F8FD5456C0" box="[646,694,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,190,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[188,1399,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Glaphyrosoma huasteca n. sp. (Male from Tamaulipas). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831615/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AFC220F8FD1656C0" box="[707,756,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1453,1478]" captionTargetBox="[162,1437,191,1405]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1437,181,1428]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Glaphyrosoma stephanosoltis (Female from Alajuela). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Subgenital plate. E. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831627/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">17B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AE0020F8FCD056C0" box="[769,818,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[201,1381,181,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[201,1386,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 18. Glaphyrosoma gracile (Male from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831629/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">18B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AE3E20F8FC9256C0" box="[831,880,441,467]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,191,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[213,1374,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 21. Glaphyrosoma paragracile n. sp. (Male from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831635/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">21B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AE7C20F8FC5256C7" box="[893,944,441,468]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[177,1411,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 25. Glaphyrosoma unumtympana n. sp. (Male from Cortés). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831643/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">25B</figureCitation>
). Prosternal spines very reduced. Pronotum tergite-like, somewhat elongate, semitubular, with almost straight anterior, posterior and ventral edges, and with rather low lateral lobes lacking humeral notches; pterothoracic tergites completely wingless, similar to pronotum but much shorter and with rounded ventral edges (
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AFA42364FCEA552C" box="[677,776,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,197,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Glaphyrosoma mexicanum (Male from Michoacán). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831598/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 3C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AE152364FCD5552C" box="[788,823,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,192,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[207,1380,181,1907]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Glaphyrosoma brevivaginalis n. sp. (Male from Nuevo León). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AE452364FC96552C" box="[836,884,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,190,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[188,1399,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Glaphyrosoma huasteca n. sp. (Male from Tamaulipas). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831615/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AE812364FC50552C" box="[896,946,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1453,1478]" captionTargetBox="[162,1437,191,1405]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1437,181,1428]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Glaphyrosoma stephanosoltis (Female from Alajuela). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Subgenital plate. E. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831627/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">17C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AEBF2364FC0D552C" box="[958,1007,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[201,1381,181,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[201,1386,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 18. Glaphyrosoma gracile (Male from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831629/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">18C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AEFA2364FBCE552C" box="[1019,1068,549,575]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,191,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[213,1374,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 21. Glaphyrosoma paragracile n. sp. (Male from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831635/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">21C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A9392364FB895553" box="[1080,1131,549,576]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[177,1411,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 25. Glaphyrosoma unumtympana n. sp. (Male from Cortés). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831643/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">25C</figureCitation>
). Tympanum on fore tibiae present (in most
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AC4E2308FE165570" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[335,500,585,611]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Glaphyrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AC4E2308FE165570" box="[335,500,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Glaphyrosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or absent (in
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AF92230BFCF85577" authorityName="Caudell" authorityYear="1916" box="[659,794,586,612]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Cnemotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AF92230BFCF85577" box="[659,794,586,612]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cnemotettix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), absence of subapical spines on the dorsal surface of fore tibia and of a feather-like relief on the outer surface of hind femur (with only traces of chevron ridges). Stridulatory pegs present in both sexes, consisting of diagonal rows of pegs on the inner face of the hind femur (
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A9E123D0FADD55B8" box="[1248,1343,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,197,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Glaphyrosoma mexicanum (Male from Michoacán). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831598/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 3E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A84B23D0FA8E55B8" box="[1354,1388,657,683]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1941,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1916]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Glaphyrosoma mexicanum (Female from Michoacán). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Hind femur pegs detail. E. Subgenital plate. F. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5916716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5916716/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A87723D3FA7555BF" box="[1398,1431,658,684]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,192,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[207,1380,181,1907]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Glaphyrosoma brevivaginalis n. sp. (Male from Nuevo León). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AD9623F4FF5B55DC" box="[151,185,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,195,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1436,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Glaphyrosoma brevivaginalis n. sp. (Female from Nuevo León). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F. Subgenital plate. G. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831609/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">8E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8ADC423F4FF1655DC" box="[197,244,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,190,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[188,1399,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Glaphyrosoma huasteca n. sp. (Male from Tamaulipas). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831615/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AC0023F4FED255DC" box="[257,304,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,195,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[171,1416,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 12. Glaphyrosoma huasteca n. sp. (Female from Tamaulipas). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F. Subgenital plate. G. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831617/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">12E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AC3C23F4FE8F55DC" box="[317,365,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[201,1381,181,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[201,1386,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 18. Glaphyrosoma gracile (Male from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831629/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">18E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AC7823F4FE4955DC" box="[377,427,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1751,1776]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,196,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 19. Glaphyrosoma gracile (Female from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Hind femur pegs detail. E. Subgenital plate. F. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831631/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">19D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8ACB923F4FE0A55DC" box="[440,488,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,191,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[213,1374,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 21. Glaphyrosoma paragracile n. sp. (Male from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831635/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">21E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8ACF523F4FDC655DC" box="[500,548,693,719]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1944,1969]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,197,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[175,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 22. Glaphyrosoma paragracile n. sp. (Female from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F. Subgenital plate. G. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831637/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">22E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AF3023F4FDBD55C3" box="[561,607,693,720]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[177,1411,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 25. Glaphyrosoma unumtympana n. sp. (Male from Cortés). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831643/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">25E</figureCitation>
) and two sets of pegs on the opposing first two abdominal tergites (
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A86523F4FF5E55E0" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,197,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Glaphyrosoma mexicanum (Male from Michoacán). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831598/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8ADC9239BFF0F55E7" box="[200,237,730,756]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,192,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[207,1380,181,1907]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Glaphyrosoma brevivaginalis n. sp. (Male from Nuevo León). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8ADFB2398FEFC55E0" box="[250,286,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,195,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1436,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Glaphyrosoma brevivaginalis n. sp. (Female from Nuevo León). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F. Subgenital plate. G. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831609/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">8D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AC2A2398FEBE55E0" box="[299,348,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,190,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[188,1399,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Glaphyrosoma huasteca n. sp. (Male from Tamaulipas). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831615/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AC682398FE7E55E0" box="[361,412,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,195,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[171,1416,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 12. Glaphyrosoma huasteca n. sp. (Female from Tamaulipas). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F. Subgenital plate. G. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831617/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">12D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8ACA92398FE3955E0" box="[424,475,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[201,1381,181,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[201,1386,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 18. Glaphyrosoma gracile (Male from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831629/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">18D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8ACE62398FDF855E0" box="[487,538,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,191,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[213,1374,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 21. Glaphyrosoma paragracile n. sp. (Male from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831635/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">21D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AF262398FDBB55E0" box="[551,601,729,755]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1944,1969]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,197,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[175,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 22. Glaphyrosoma paragracile n. sp. (Female from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F. Subgenital plate. G. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831637/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">22D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AF672398FD7855E7" box="[614,666,729,756]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[177,1411,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 25. Glaphyrosoma unumtympana n. sp. (Male from Cortés). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831643/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">25D</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AFAF2398FC2055E0" box="[686,962,729,756]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Abdominal apex of male</emphasis>
: Hooks of the tenth abdominal tergite are located near each other, paraprocts of male developed and with modifications (
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A90723BCFBBC5404" box="[1030,1118,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[155,1421,197,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[155,1433,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. Glaphyrosoma mexicanum (Male from Michoacán). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831598" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831598/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 3I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A96B23BFFB61540B" box="[1130,1155,766,792]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1932,1957]" captionTargetBox="[207,1380,192,1907]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[207,1380,181,1907]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 7. Glaphyrosoma brevivaginalis n. sp. (Male from Nuevo León). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831606" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831606/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">7I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A98E23BCFB575404" box="[1167,1205,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="16.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,190,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[188,1399,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 11. Glaphyrosoma huasteca n. sp. (Male from Tamaulipas). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831615/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">11I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A9C123BCFB0A5404" box="[1216,1256,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[201,1381,181,1917]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[201,1386,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 18. Glaphyrosoma gracile (Male from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831629" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831629/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">18I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A9F223BCFAF95404" box="[1267,1307,765,791]" captionStart="FIGURE 21" captionStartId="28.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[213,1371,191,1914]" captionTargetId="figure@28.[213,1374,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="FIGURE 21. Glaphyrosoma paragracile n. sp. (Male from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831635" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831635/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">21I</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A82723BCFAAD540B" box="[1318,1359,765,792]" captionStart="FIGURE 25" captionStartId="33.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[177,1410,196,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@33.[177,1411,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="FIGURE 25. Glaphyrosoma unumtympana n. sp. (Male from Cortés). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F–J. Terminalia in dorsal, axial, lateral, paraproct detail and ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831643/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">25I</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8A86223BCFF0B5428" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Male phallus</emphasis>
membranous, without strong sclerotizations on titillators or their process or sclerites, dorsal fold divided at apex.
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8ADF62204FDFD544C" box="[247,543,837,864]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Abdominal apex of female</emphasis>
: possess either elongate (
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AE402204FC7D544C" box="[833,927,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1941,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1916]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Glaphyrosoma mexicanum (Female from Michoacán). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Hind femur pegs detail. E. Subgenital plate. F. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5916716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5916716/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 4F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AEAA2204FC3F544C" box="[939,989,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,195,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[171,1416,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 12. Glaphyrosoma huasteca n. sp. (Female from Tamaulipas). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F. Subgenital plate. G. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831617/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">12G</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AEEB2204FBFA544C" box="[1002,1048,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 17" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1453,1478]" captionTargetBox="[162,1437,191,1405]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1437,181,1428]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 17. Glaphyrosoma stephanosoltis (Female from Alajuela). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Subgenital plate. E. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831627" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831627/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">17E</figureCitation>
) or reduced ovipositors (
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A8352204FA6C544C" box="[1332,1422,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,195,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1436,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Glaphyrosoma brevivaginalis n. sp. (Female from Nuevo León). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F. Subgenital plate. G. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831609/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 8G</figureCitation>
), without any armature (except
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8ACEB2228FC9A5490" authority="Gorochov" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="2016" box="[490,888,873,899]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Glaphyrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dentatum">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8ACEB2228FD1D5490" box="[490,767,873,899]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Glaphyrosoma dentatum</emphasis>
Gorochov
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AEB5222BFA735497" authority="Cadena-Castaneda &amp; Gorochov" authorityName="Cadena-Castaneda &amp; Gorochov" authorityYear="2016" box="[948,1425,873,900]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Glaphyrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="karnyi">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AEB5222BFBFD5490" box="[948,1055,873,900]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. karnyi</emphasis>
Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Gorochov
</taxonomicName>
), usually with depressions in the apex or in the dorsal margin of the ovipositor (26D). Subgenital plate of the female is triangulate, without a median carina or a notable prolongation (
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AE7422F0FC3454D8" box="[885,982,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1941,1966]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,194,1916]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,181,1916]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Glaphyrosoma mexicanum (Female from Michoacán). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Hind femur pegs detail. E. Subgenital plate. F. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5916716" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5916716/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 4E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AEE022F0FC1D54D8" box="[993,1023,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,195,1919]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[152,1436,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 8. Glaphyrosoma brevivaginalis n. sp. (Female from Nuevo León). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F. Subgenital plate. G. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831609/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">8F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A90A22F0FBD554D8" box="[1035,1079,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1945,1970]" captionTargetBox="[171,1416,195,1920]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[171,1416,181,1920]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 12. Glaphyrosoma huasteca n. sp. (Female from Tamaulipas). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F. Subgenital plate. G. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831617" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831617/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">12F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A94322F0FB9354D8" box="[1090,1137,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="26.[151,250,1751,1776]" captionTargetBox="[163,1436,196,1711]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[151,1436,181,1725]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="FIGURE 19. Glaphyrosoma gracile (Female from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Hind femur pegs detail. E. Subgenital plate. F. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831631" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831631/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">19E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8A97C22F0FB4F54D8" box="[1149,1197,945,971]" captionStart="FIGURE 22" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1944,1969]" captionTargetBox="[175,1412,197,1902]" captionTargetId="figure@29.[175,1412,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 22. Glaphyrosoma paragracile n. sp. (Female from Veracruz). A. Habitus in lateral view. B. Frons. C. Head and pronotum in lateral view. D. Abdomen pegs detail. E. Hind femur pegs detail. F. Subgenital plate. G. Ovipositor in lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831637" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831637/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">22F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD713682FF95FFE8ADC62297FC9D54E3" blockId="3.[151,1437,369,1907]" box="[199,895,981,1008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8ADC62297FE9954E3" bold="true" box="[199,379,982,1008]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Taxa Included:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AC832294FDC554FC" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[386,551,981,1007]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Glaphyrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AC832294FDC554FC" box="[386,551,981,1007]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Glaphyrosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<typeStatus id="12758820FF95FFE8AF362294FD8B54FC" box="[567,617,981,1007]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">type</typeStatus>
genus) and
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AFF12297FC9554E3" authorityName="Caudell" authorityYear="1916" box="[752,887,982,1008]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Cnemotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AFF12297FC9554E3" box="[752,887,982,1008]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cnemotettix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="85D46509FF95FFE8ADC622B8FBE55324" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CD713682FF95FFE8ADC622B8FBE55324" blockId="3.[151,1437,369,1907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8ADC622B8FE815307" bold="true" box="[199,355,1017,1044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Distribution:</emphasis>
For
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AC9422B8FDD85300" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[405,570,1017,1043]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Glaphyrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AC9422B8FDD85300" box="[405,570,1017,1043]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Glaphyrosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, Central America to northeastern
<collectingCountry id="B5D97612FF95FFE8AEB022B8FBE85300" box="[945,1034,1017,1043]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mexico</collectingCountry>
; for
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8A93B22BBFB2A5307" box="[1082,1224,1018,1044]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8A93B22BBFB265307" authorityName="Caudell" authorityYear="1916" box="[1082,1220,1018,1044]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Cnemotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cnemotettix</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
California, including most of the Channel Islands, into the
<collectingRegion id="0F0AF860FF95FFE8AF65255CFCF35324" box="[612,785,1053,1079]" country="Mexico" name="Baja California" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Baja California</collectingRegion>
Peninsula of
<collectingCountry id="B5D97612FF95FFE8AEA8255CFBE05324" box="[937,1026,1053,1079]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="85D46509FF95FFE8ADC62500FE2A5060" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CD713682FF95FFE8ADC62500FEED521C" blockId="3.[151,1437,369,1907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8ADC62500FEB0534F" bold="true" box="[199,338,1089,1116]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Comments:</emphasis>
According to Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Monzon (2017),
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AEB32500FB9E5348" authorityName="Rentz &amp; Weissman" authorityYear="1973" box="[946,1148,1089,1115]" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Glaphyrosomatini">Glaphyrosomatini</taxonomicName>
(hereinafter
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8A8112500FF12536C" authorityName="Rentz &amp; Weissman" authorityYear="1973" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Glaphyrosomatinae">Glaphyrosomatinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8ADF82527FEA95393" bold="true" box="[249,331,1126,1152]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n. stat.</emphasis>
), differ from other Neotropical subfamilies of
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AE622524FBD2536C" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1859" box="[867,1072,1125,1151]" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anostostomatidae</taxonomicName>
, due to the apterus condition of its species, long maxillary palps, the structure of the male and female terminalia, in addition to the male phallus. It is only superficially confused with
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AF3D25ECFD4F53D4" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="1988" box="[572,685,1197,1223]" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Lutosinae">Lutosinae</taxonomicName>
, another subfamily without wings, but from which it differs by the structure of the paraprocts, armament of the subgenital plate and male phallus, in addition to the shape of the female ovipositor.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD713682FF95FFE8ADC62458FAE95118" blockId="3.[151,1437,369,1907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Subfamily status is proposed for
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AF382458FCF65220" authorityName="Rentz &amp; Weissman" authorityYear="1973" box="[569,788,1305,1331]" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Glaphyrosomatinae">Glaphyrosomatinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AE1D245BFC8E5227" bold="true" box="[796,876,1306,1332]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n. stat.</emphasis>
, according to the characters indicated in the diagnosis. Additional support for this subfamily status comes from the molecular analysis in
<bibRefCitation id="A95F4B73FF95FFE8A98C247CFA7A5244" author="Vandergast, A. G. &amp; Weissman, D. B. &amp; Wood, D. A. &amp; Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; Bazelet, C. S. &amp; Ueshima, N." box="[1165,1432,1341,1368]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref17915" refString="Vandergast, A. G., Weissman, D. B., Wood, D. A., Rentz, D. C. F., Bazelet, C. S. &amp; Ueshima, N. (2017) Tackling an intractable problem: Can greater taxon sampling help resolve relationships within the Stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera)? Zootaxa, 4291 (1), 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4291.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">
Vandergast
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8A810247FFAA65244" box="[1297,1348,1341,1367]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
. (2017
</bibRefCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8AD962420FF1B5268" box="[151,249,1377,1403]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,670,695]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,644]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1436,181,644]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clade C, modified from Vandergast et al., 2017 (figure 2), included Glaphyrosomatinae n. stat. taxa. Majority rule Bayesian concatenated gene tree. Black dots demarcate nodes with posterior probability values&gt; 0.95." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831596/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 2</figureCitation>
), which established it as a clade apart from other anostostomatids, with
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8A9372423FB3B5268" authority="Walker" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1869" box="[1078,1241,1377,1403]" class="Insecta" family="Haglidae" genus="Lezina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8A9372423FB635268" box="[1078,1153,1378,1403]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lezina</emphasis>
Walker
</taxonomicName>
as a sister group (
<figureCitation id="55F52A07FF95FFE8ADA124C4FF06528C" box="[160,228,1413,1439]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,670,695]" captionTargetBox="[152,1436,181,644]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[152,1436,181,644]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Clade C, modified from Vandergast et al., 2017 (figure 2), included Glaphyrosomatinae n. stat. taxa. Majority rule Bayesian concatenated gene tree. Black dots demarcate nodes with posterior probability values&gt; 0.95." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3831596" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3831596/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
), ruling out the possibility of it being a tribe within the
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AE5224C4FC13528C" authorityName="Rentz &amp; Weissman" authorityYear="1973" box="[851,1009,1413,1439]" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Anabropsinae">Anabropsinae</taxonomicName>
, as also discussed in
<bibRefCitation id="A95F4B73FF95FFE8A9E124C4FE7C52D7" author="Gorochov, A. V. &amp; Cadena-Castaneda, O. J." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="98 - 143" refId="ref17566" refString="Gorochov, A. V. &amp; Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. (2016) New and little known Stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera) from America. Zoosystematica Rossica, 25 (1), 98 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2016.25.1.98" type="journal article" year="2016">Gorochov &amp; Cadena-Castañeda (2016)</bibRefCitation>
. Additionally, the identity of the female F2331
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AEB524E8FBBB52D0" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[948,1113,1449,1475]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Glaphyrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AEB524E8FBBB52D0" box="[948,1113,1449,1475]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Glaphyrosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
“
<collectingCountry id="B5D97612FF95FFE8A96B24E8FB0B52D0" box="[1130,1257,1449,1475]" name="Guatemala" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
” (in
<bibRefCitation id="A95F4B73FF95FFE8A82124E8FEF452F4" author="Vandergast, A. G. &amp; Weissman, D. B. &amp; Wood, D. A. &amp; Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; Bazelet, C. S. &amp; Ueshima, N." pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref17915" refString="Vandergast, A. G., Weissman, D. B., Wood, D. A., Rentz, D. C. F., Bazelet, C. S. &amp; Ueshima, N. (2017) Tackling an intractable problem: Can greater taxon sampling help resolve relationships within the Stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera)? Zootaxa, 4291 (1), 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4291.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">
Vandergast
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AD96248FFF2A52F4" box="[151,200,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al</emphasis>
., 2017
</bibRefCitation>
) is confirmed, this specimen was cited as
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AFEA248CFC7252F4" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[747,912,1485,1511]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Glaphyrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AFEA248CFC7252F4" box="[747,912,1485,1511]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Glaphyrosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. by
<bibRefCitation id="A95F4B73FF95FFE8AEE0248CFA7A52FB" author="Gorochov, A. V. &amp; Cadena-Castaneda, O. J." box="[993,1432,1485,1512]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="98 - 143" refId="ref17566" refString="Gorochov, A. V. &amp; Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. (2016) New and little known Stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera) from America. Zoosystematica Rossica, 25 (1), 98 - 143. https: // doi. org / 10.31610 / zsr / 2016.25.1.98" type="journal article" year="2016">Gorochov &amp; Cadena-Castañeda (2016)</bibRefCitation>
, but with additional material it was determined as
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AFC024B3FCD45118" authorityName="Gorochov" authorityYear="2016" box="[705,822,1521,1548]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Glaphyrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="beretka">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AFC024B3FCD45118" box="[705,822,1521,1548]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">G. beretka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by Cadena-Castañeda &amp; Monzón (2017).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CD713682FF95FFE8ADC62754FE2A5060" blockId="3.[151,1437,369,1907]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
Another peculiarity of the subfamily
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AF622754FCDC513C" authorityName="Rentz &amp; Weissman" authorityYear="1973" box="[611,830,1557,1583]" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Glaphyrosomatinae">Glaphyrosomatinae</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AE452757FC715123" bold="true" box="[836,915,1558,1584]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">n. stat.</emphasis>
, is that all known
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8A95F2757FB075123" authorityName="Caudell" authorityYear="1916" box="[1118,1253,1558,1584]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Cnemotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8A95F2757FB075123" box="[1118,1253,1558,1584]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cnemotettix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species produce silk from maxillary gland secretions and then use their long maxillary palps for manipulation of the silk (Rentz &amp; Weissman 1973). While
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8ACA8271CFDAC5164" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[425,590,1629,1655]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Glaphyrosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8ACA8271CFDAC5164" box="[425,590,1629,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Glaphyrosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have similarly long maxillary palps, silk production is unknown in any species (
<bibRefCitation id="A95F4B73FF95FFE8ADD327C0FE345188" author="Vandergast, A. G. &amp; Weissman, D. B. &amp; Wood, D. A. &amp; Rentz, D. C. F. &amp; Bazelet, C. S. &amp; Ueshima, N." box="[210,470,1665,1691]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 33" refId="ref17915" refString="Vandergast, A. G., Weissman, D. B., Wood, D. A., Rentz, D. C. F., Bazelet, C. S. &amp; Ueshima, N. (2017) Tackling an intractable problem: Can greater taxon sampling help resolve relationships within the Stenopelmatoidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera)? Zootaxa, 4291 (1), 1 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4291.1.1" type="journal article" year="2017">
Vandergast
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AC5927C3FE735188" box="[344,401,1665,1691]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). There is no tympanum on the first pair of tibiae in
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8A92A27C3FB50518F" authorityName="Caudell" authorityYear="1916" box="[1067,1202,1666,1692]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Cnemotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8A92A27C3FB50518F" box="[1067,1202,1666,1692]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cnemotettix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, similar to the raspy cricket family
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AC3D27E4FCF151AC" authority="(Cadena-Castaneda, 2019)" baseAuthorityName="Cadena-Castaneda" baseAuthorityYear="2019" box="[316,787,1701,1727]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
Gryllacrididae (
<bibRefCitation id="A95F4B73FF95FFE8ACEC27E4FCE951AC" author="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J." box="[493,779,1701,1727]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" pagination="1 - 100" refId="ref17183" refString="Cadena-Castaneda, O. J. (2019) A proposal towards classification of the Raspy Crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea: Gryllacrididae) with zoogeographical comments: An initial contribution to the higher classification of the Gryllacridines. Zootaxa, 4605 (1), 1 - 100. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4605.1.1" type="journal article" year="2019">Cadena-Castañeda, 2019</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, this condition being a character that defines the
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8A83E27E4FF0A51F0" baseAuthorityName="Cadena-Castaneda" baseAuthorityYear="2019" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllacrididae</taxonomicName>
, but possibly a reversal in
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AF18278BFD4251F7" authorityName="Caudell" authorityYear="1916" box="[537,672,1738,1764]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Cnemotettix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AF18278BFD4251F7" box="[537,672,1738,1764]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Cnemotettix</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other genera of
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AE8A2788FBBA51F0" authorityName="Saussure" authorityYear="1859" box="[907,1112,1737,1763]" class="Insecta" family="Anostostomatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Anostostomatidae</taxonomicName>
, such as
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8A9C12788FF355014" authority="Ander. Some" authorityName="Ander. Some" authorityYear="1938" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Hemiandrus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8A9C12788FAA851F0" box="[1216,1354,1737,1763]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hemiandrus</emphasis>
Ander. Some
</taxonomicName>
genera with tympanum on only one of the faces of the fore tibia such as
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8AEFE27ACFA7F5014" authority="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1888" box="[1023,1437,1773,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Hypocophus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8AEFE27ACFB695014" box="[1023,1163,1773,1799]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hypocophus</emphasis>
Brunner von Wattenwyl
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0ACE4D01FF95FFE8ADC82650FE25503F" authority="Karny" authorityName="Karny" authorityYear="1930" box="[201,455,1809,1836]" class="Insecta" family="Chorotypidae" genus="Hypocophoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="FFBAEA90FF95FFE8ADC82650FE955038" box="[201,375,1809,1835]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Hypocophoides</emphasis>
Karny
</taxonomicName>
, suggest a particular adaptation on the capture of sound signals. The evolution of this condition is so complex in the ensiferans, where it can appear, disappear partially or completely countless times in the history of these insects.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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