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<document id="F43D29605F9070C54407D59B0D28E2CC" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5004.3.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5120645" ID-ZooBank="0C4DFAA3-5822-456B-916B-84A7BABEB98F" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1626900792081" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Galea, Horia R. &amp; Maggioni, Davide" docDate="2021" docId="03AA0A13FF95B665FF0DFB9BFBBB1DEE" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5004.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5004 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort 1993" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="404" masterDocId="FF93726BFF96B666FF9AFFAFFFF71A1C" masterDocTitle="An integrative study of some species of Gonaxia Vervoort, 1993 from off New Caledonia, with the establishment of Gonaxiidae as a new family of thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)" masterLastPageNumber="429" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="404" updateTime="1699013130504" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="D9C9BD51BCE8F59E47C80274FAC256B7">An integrative study of some species of Gonaxia Vervoort, 1993 from off New Caledonia, with the establishment of Gonaxiidae as a new family of thecate hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6BA9492E570DC7CC6AD49EECF68B2700">Galea, Horia R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="65B0398B287BD860867C5DBCE2C2BC04">Hydrozoan Research Laboratory, 405 Chemin Les Gatiers, 83170 Tourves, France.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="BF3C1DD6E44E0CE72FC7D9B5C7DC08F8">Maggioni, Davide</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9C56234CCB816805B164CAAC34E02458" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0508-3987</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="5A88B58BF00E100802772F224E8DED32">Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Ambiente e della Terra, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy. davide. maggioni @ unimib. it; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0508 - 3987 &amp; Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Marine and High Education (MaRHE) Center, 12030 Faafu Magoodhoo, Republic of the Maldives</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="BAD6F5CC6FD3E7FE5687D2527FDB9FFB" type="email">davide.maggioni@unimib.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="01DFF2BE49DB22D74D00EA8170B4EE4E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="846B8E4CC124E710EC2461A07ABED808">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="5F7A8B07D1734F44DC2FBFC39FB1E78C">2021-07-21</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9676447606B9C54A7D001F66A8191397">5004</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="657B728DBA034E55BBDA056895FF81F4">3</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E82566F286E438CD9724BCAECAFEB650" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03AA0A13FF95B665FF0DFB9BFBBB1DEE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03AA0A13FF95B665FF0DFB9BFBBB1DEE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AA0A13FF95B665FF0DFB9BFBBB1DEE" lastPageNumber="404" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<subSubSection id="C319E88EFF95B665FF0DFB9BFDC21E52" box="[151,565,1076,1103]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF95B665FF0DFB9BFDC21E52" blockId="3.[151,642,1076,1139]" box="[151,565,1076,1103]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<heading id="D0F40C69FF95B665FF0DFB9BFDC21E52" bold="true" box="[151,565,1076,1103]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C03C086FF95B665FF0DFB9BFDC21E52" authority="Vervoort, 1993" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,565,1076,1103]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bulbifera">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FF0DFB9BFDC21E52" bold="true" box="[151,565,1076,1103]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FF0DFB9BFE811E53" bold="true" box="[151,374,1076,1103]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Gonaxia bulbifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF92C6F4FF95B665FEE6FB9AFDC21E52" author="Vervoort, W." box="[380,565,1076,1103]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="89 - 298" refId="ref14065" refString="Vervoort, W. (1993) Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroida: Hydroids from the western Pacific (Philippines, Indonesia and New Caledonia) I. Sertulariidae (Part 1). In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, 158, 89 - 298." type="journal article" year="1993">Vervoort, 1993</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C319E88EFF95B665FF0DFBF7FD751E6F" box="[151,642,1112,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF95B665FF0DFBF7FD751E6F" blockId="3.[151,642,1076,1139]" box="[151,642,1112,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FF0DFBF7FF041E6F" box="[151,243,1112,1139]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1699,1723]" captionTargetBox="[154,1427,192,1675]" captionTargetId="figure-22@4.[151,1435,181,1675]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 1. Species of Gonaxia dealt with in this study: G. bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (A), G. crassicaulis Vervoort, 1993 (B), G. crusgalli Vervoort, 1993 (C), G. elegans Vervoort, 1993 (D), G. errans Vervoort, 1993 (E, unbranched form), G. incisa Galea, sp. nov. (F), G. cf. intermedia Vervoort, 1993 (G), G. perplexa Vervoort, 1993 (H), G. sinuosa Vervoort, 1993 (I), G. solenoscyphoides Galea, sp. nov. (J). Scale bar: 1 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120674" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120674/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FF65FBF6FEB31E6F" box="[255,324,1113,1139]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (part). A–C. Portions of colonies (A, B) and cladium (C) from various specimens, and comparison with a portion of colony of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A), MNHN- IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C) and MNHN-IK-2012-16538 (D). Scale bar: A–D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120676/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">2A–C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FECAFBF6FE271E6F" box="[336,464,1113,1139]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,181,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (continued). A–C. Hydrothecae from various colonies, and comparison with a hydrotheca of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). E, F. Female gonothecae from two different colonies, compared to gonothecae of G. nova (G). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A, E), MNHN-IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C, F) and MNHN- IK-2012-16538 (D, G). Figure G is reproduced from Galea (2016). Scale bar: A–D = 300 µm; E–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">3A–C, E, F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FE41FBF7FE0E1E6F" box="[475,505,1112,1139]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1926,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1036,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-243@19.[151,1436,1036,1903]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 15. Phylogenetic hypothesis for Gonaxia species based on a 16S dataset. Numbers at nodes show maximum likelihood bootstrap values, Bayesian posterior probabilities, and maximum parsimony bootstrap values, respectively." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120706" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120706/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">15</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FD9FFBF7FDD31E6E" box="[517,548,1112,1138]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1896,1920]" captionTargetBox="[221,1366,181,1872]" captionTargetId="figure-22@20.[221,1366,181,1872]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 16. Phylogenetic hypothesis for the position of the Gonaxiidae Maggioni, fam. nov. within Macrocolonia, based on a multi-locus dataset. Numbers at nodes show maximum likelihood bootstrap values, Bayesian posterior probabilities, and maximum parsimony bootstrap values, respectively, and are shown only when at least two analyses demonstrated high support (&gt; 0.9 for Bayesian posterior probabilities and&gt; 75 for bootstrap values)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120710" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120710/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">16</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="C6818EBEFF95B665FDB5FBF7FD751E6F" box="[559,642,1112,1139]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="19.[151,239,151,175]" captionText="TABLE 3. Inter- and intraspecific genetic distances (% uncorrected p-distances ± standard deviations) between Gonaxia species. N.C. stands for non-calculable." pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Table 3</tableCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319E88EFF95B665FF0DFB32FD441EA9" box="[151,691,1181,1205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF95B665FF0DFB32FD441EA9" blockId="3.[151,691,1181,1205]" box="[151,691,1181,1205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB139C2BFF95B665FF0DFB32FD441EA9" box="[151,691,1181,1205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<treatmentCitation id="0AA29D14FF95B665FF0DFB32FDD21EA9" author="Vervoort, W." box="[151,549,1181,1205]" page="131" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1993">
<taxonomicName id="4C03C086FF95B665FF0DFB32FDD21EA9" authority="Vervoort, 1993: 131" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityPageNumber="131" authorityYear="1993" box="[151,549,1181,1205]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bulbifera">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FF0DFB32FEA51EA9" box="[151,338,1181,1205]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Gonaxia bulbifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF92C6F4FF95B665FEC2FB32FDD21EA9" author="Vervoort, W." box="[344,549,1181,1205]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="89 - 298" refId="ref14065" refString="Vervoort, W. (1993) Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroida: Hydroids from the western Pacific (Philippines, Indonesia and New Caledonia) I. Sertulariidae (Part 1). In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, 158, 89 - 298." type="journal article" year="1993">Vervoort, 1993: 131</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, figs 12B, 13.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319E88EFF95B665FF0DFB4CFD791FAE" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF95B665FF0DFB4CFD791FAE" blockId="3.[151,1437,1251,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FF0DFB4CFE711EE1" bold="true" box="[151,390,1251,1277]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Material examined.</emphasis>
KANADEEP, Stn. DW4977, MNHN-IK-2019-2056: two colonies, 2.0 and
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF95B665FA9CFB4CFAA01EE2" box="[1286,1367,1251,1278]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" unit="cm" value="2.4">2.4 cm</quantity>
high, both bearing
<specimenCount id="9D05708CFF95B665FEAAFAA7FEB21F3E" box="[304,325,1288,1314]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
gonothecae; GenBank:
<accessionNumber id="945026E6FF95B665FDC1FAA8FD2F1F3D" box="[603,728,1287,1313]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ099691" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="GenBank">
<collectionCode id="ED1223C0FF95B665FDC1FAA8FD711F3D" box="[603,646,1287,1313]" country="0" name="Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">MZ</collectionCode>
099691
</accessionNumber>
(16S).—KANADEEP, Stn. DW4979, MNHN-IK-2019-2060: two colonies, 1.7 and
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF95B665FE08FA84FE281F5A" box="[402,479,1323,1350]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" unit="cm" value="1.9">1.9 cm</quantity>
high, smallest bearing
<specimenCount id="9D05708CFF95B665FD72FA83FD0A1F5A" box="[744,765,1324,1350]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
gonothecae, largest sterile; GenBank:
<accessionNumber id="945026E6FF95B665FB2FFA84FAC41F59" box="[1205,1331,1323,1349]" httpUri="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/MZ099692" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="GenBank">
<collectionCode id="ED1223C0FF95B665FB2FFA84FB281F59" box="[1205,1247,1323,1349]" country="0" name="Museum of the Earth, Polish Academy of Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">MZ</collectionCode>
099692
</accessionNumber>
(16S).— KANADEEP, Stn. DW5042, MNHN-IK-2019-2055: a
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF95B665FD64FAE0FCBE1F76" box="[766,841,1359,1386]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" unit="cm" value="1.1">1.1 cm</quantity>
high colony fragment bearing
<specimenCount id="9D05708CFF95B665FB05FAFFFB431F76" box="[1183,1204,1360,1386]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
gonothecae.—Com- parison material: MUSORSTOM 8, Stn. CP1083, MNHN-IK-2012-16537 and -16538:
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FBF0FADBFAF01F91" box="[1130,1287,1396,1422]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<taxonomicName id="4C03C086FF95B665FBF0FADBFB3D1F92" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1993" box="[1130,1226,1396,1422]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Gonaxia</taxonomicName>
nova
</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF92C6F4FF95B665FA94FADCFA6F1F91" author="Galea, H. R." box="[1294,1432,1395,1421]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref12421" refString="Galea, H. R. (2016) Notes on some sertulariid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the tropical western Pacific, with descriptions of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 218, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.218" type="journal article" year="2016">Galea, 2016</bibRefCitation>
,
<typeStatus id="54B805A7FF95B665FF0DFA37FF301FAE" box="[151,199,1432,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">type</typeStatus>
series, as described in
<bibRefCitation id="EF92C6F4FF95B665FE50FA38FD7D1FAE" author="Galea, H. R." box="[458,650,1431,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref12421" refString="Galea, H. R. (2016) Notes on some sertulariid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the tropical western Pacific, with descriptions of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 218, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.218" type="journal article" year="2016">Galea (2016: 16)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C319E88EFF95B665FF5DFA14FBBB1DEE" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF95B665FF5DFA14FCA51C95" blockId="3.[151,1437,1251,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FF5DFA14FECC1FC9" bold="true" box="[199,315,1467,1493]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Remarks.</emphasis>
The present material, especially that from sample MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FB17FA14FB1B1FC9" box="[1165,1260,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (part). A–C. Portions of colonies (A, B) and cladium (C) from various specimens, and comparison with a portion of colony of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A), MNHN- IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C) and MNHN-IK-2012-16538 (D). Scale bar: A–D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120676/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FB63FA14FAC81FCA" box="[1273,1343,1467,1494]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,181,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (continued). A–C. Hydrothecae from various colonies, and comparison with a hydrotheca of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). E, F. Female gonothecae from two different colonies, compared to gonothecae of G. nova (G). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A, E), MNHN-IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C, F) and MNHN- IK-2012-16538 (D, G). Figure G is reproduced from Galea (2016). Scale bar: A–D = 300 µm; E–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">3A, E</figureCitation>
), agrees well with the original account. However, intraspecific variability, mostly dealing with the morphology and position of the hydrothecae, could be noted among specimens from different stations: slenderer thecae occurred in sample MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FE3CF988FDF51C5D" box="[422,514,1575,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (part). A–C. Portions of colonies (A, B) and cladium (C) from various specimens, and comparison with a portion of colony of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A), MNHN- IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C) and MNHN-IK-2012-16538 (D). Scale bar: A–D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120676/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FD95F988FDC71C5D" box="[527,560,1575,1601]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,181,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (continued). A–C. Hydrothecae from various colonies, and comparison with a hydrotheca of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). E, F. Female gonothecae from two different colonies, compared to gonothecae of G. nova (G). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A, E), MNHN-IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C, F) and MNHN- IK-2012-16538 (D, G). Figure G is reproduced from Galea (2016). Scale bar: A–D = 300 µm; E–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">3C</figureCitation>
) and thecae more distant from one another were met with in sample MNHN- IK-2019-2060 (
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FEDCF9E4FE691C79" box="[326,414,1611,1637]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (part). A–C. Portions of colonies (A, B) and cladium (C) from various specimens, and comparison with a portion of colony of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A), MNHN- IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C) and MNHN-IK-2012-16538 (D). Scale bar: A–D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120676/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Only female gonothecae have been observed in the material at hand (
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FB2FF9E4FADF1C7A" box="[1205,1320,1611,1638]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,181,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (continued). A–C. Hydrothecae from various colonies, and comparison with a hydrotheca of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). E, F. Female gonothecae from two different colonies, compared to gonothecae of G. nova (G). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A, E), MNHN-IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C, F) and MNHN- IK-2012-16538 (D, G). Figure G is reproduced from Galea (2016). Scale bar: A–D = 300 µm; E–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 3E, F</figureCitation>
), and they conform to those described and illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="EF92C6F4FF95B665FD0DF9DFFCB91C95" author="Vervoort, W." box="[663,846,1647,1674]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="89 - 298" refId="ref14065" refString="Vervoort, W. (1993) Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroida: Hydroids from the western Pacific (Philippines, Indonesia and New Caledonia) I. Sertulariidae (Part 1). In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, 158, 89 - 298." type="journal article" year="1993">Vervoort (1993)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF95B665FF5DF93CFDB71DD1" blockId="3.[151,1437,1251,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
As noted by
<bibRefCitation id="EF92C6F4FF95B665FEC3F93CFDEC1CB1" author="Galea, H. R." box="[345,539,1683,1709]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref12421" refString="Galea, H. R. (2016) Notes on some sertulariid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the tropical western Pacific, with descriptions of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 218, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.218" type="journal article" year="2016">Galea (2016: 19)</bibRefCitation>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C03C086FF95B665FDB2F93BFD441CB1" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1993" box="[552,691,1683,1710]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bulbifera">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FDB2F93BFD441CB1" box="[552,691,1683,1710]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">G. bulbifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FD71F93BFCB21CB1" box="[747,837,1684,1710]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">G. nova</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EF92C6F4FF95B665FCD7F93CFC211CB1" author="Galea, H. R." box="[845,982,1683,1709]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref12421" refString="Galea, H. R. (2016) Notes on some sertulariid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the tropical western Pacific, with descriptions of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 218, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.218" type="journal article" year="2016">Galea, 2016</bibRefCitation>
are morphologically similar. Part of the
<typeStatus id="54B805A7FF95B665FF0DF917FF301CCE" box="[151,199,1720,1746]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">type</typeStatus>
series of the latter has been reexamined in the frame of the present study, and the opinion expressed earlier that
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FF0DF973FF061CE9" box="[151,241,1756,1782]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">G. nova</emphasis>
has larger hydrothecae and gonothecae could be confirmed (compare
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FB8AF974FB1E1CE9" box="[1040,1257,1755,1781]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,181,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (continued). A–C. Hydrothecae from various colonies, and comparison with a hydrotheca of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). E, F. Female gonothecae from two different colonies, compared to gonothecae of G. nova (G). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A, E), MNHN-IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C, F) and MNHN- IK-2012-16538 (D, G). Figure G is reproduced from Galea (2016). Scale bar: A–D = 300 µm; E–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 3A–C and 3D</figureCitation>
, and
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FABDF974FF1D1D05" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,181,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (continued). A–C. Hydrothecae from various colonies, and comparison with a hydrotheca of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). E, F. Female gonothecae from two different colonies, compared to gonothecae of G. nova (G). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A, E), MNHN-IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C, F) and MNHN- IK-2012-16538 (D, G). Figure G is reproduced from Galea (2016). Scale bar: A–D = 300 µm; E–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 3E–F and 3G</figureCitation>
, respectively). In addition, it should be noted that the inflexion point of the abaxial wall of the hydrotheca is situated halfway in
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FEE8F88BFE3D1D21" box="[370,458,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">G. nova</emphasis>
(conferring the theca a decidedly arched appearance,
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FBB9F88CFB881D21" box="[1059,1151,1827,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (part). A–C. Portions of colonies (A, B) and cladium (C) from various specimens, and comparison with a portion of colony of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A), MNHN- IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C) and MNHN-IK-2012-16538 (D). Scale bar: A–D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120676/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Figs 2D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FB10F88CFB591D21" box="[1162,1198,1827,1853]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,181,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (continued). A–C. Hydrothecae from various colonies, and comparison with a hydrotheca of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). E, F. Female gonothecae from two different colonies, compared to gonothecae of G. nova (G). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A, E), MNHN-IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C, F) and MNHN- IK-2012-16538 (D, G). Figure G is reproduced from Galea (2016). Scale bar: A–D = 300 µm; E–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">3D</figureCitation>
), and in the proximal third in
<taxonomicName id="4C03C086FF95B665FF75F8E7FE8F1D7D" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1993" box="[239,376,1863,1890]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bulbifera">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FF75F8E7FE8F1D7D" box="[239,376,1863,1890]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">G. bulbifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FE1CF8E8FDF61D7D" box="[390,513,1863,1889]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1903,1927]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1873]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[151,1436,181,1879]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (part). A–C. Portions of colonies (A, B) and cladium (C) from various specimens, and comparison with a portion of colony of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A), MNHN- IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C) and MNHN-IK-2012-16538 (D). Scale bar: A–D = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120676" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120676/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 2A–C</figureCitation>
); moreover, the free adaxial wall of the former varies from straight, or nearly so, to slightly concave halfway (
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FE24F8C4FDCD1D99" box="[446,570,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,181,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (continued). A–C. Hydrothecae from various colonies, and comparison with a hydrotheca of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). E, F. Female gonothecae from two different colonies, compared to gonothecae of G. nova (G). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A, E), MNHN-IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C, F) and MNHN- IK-2012-16538 (D, G). Figure G is reproduced from Galea (2016). Scale bar: A–D = 300 µm; E–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 3A–C</figureCitation>
), while it is constantly convex all the way long in
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FBF1F8C3FB331D99" box="[1131,1220,1900,1926]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">G. nova</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FB49F8C4FAD91D99" box="[1235,1326,1899,1925]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,181,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (continued). A–C. Hydrothecae from various colonies, and comparison with a hydrotheca of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). E, F. Female gonothecae from two different colonies, compared to gonothecae of G. nova (G). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A, E), MNHN-IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C, F) and MNHN- IK-2012-16538 (D, G). Figure G is reproduced from Galea (2016). Scale bar: A–D = 300 µm; E–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
). Last but not least, the gonothecae of
<taxonomicName id="4C03C086FF95B665FE55F83FFDA01DB5" authorityName="Vervoort" authorityYear="1993" box="[463,599,1935,1962]" class="Hydrozoa" family="Sertulariidae" genus="Gonaxia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Leptothecata" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="bulbifera">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FE55F83FFDA01DB5" box="[463,599,1935,1962]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">G. bulbifera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FDFCF820FD201DB6" box="[614,727,1935,1962]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,181,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (continued). A–C. Hydrothecae from various colonies, and comparison with a hydrotheca of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). E, F. Female gonothecae from two different colonies, compared to gonothecae of G. nova (G). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A, E), MNHN-IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C, F) and MNHN- IK-2012-16538 (D, G). Figure G is reproduced from Galea (2016). Scale bar: A–D = 300 µm; E–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 3E, F</figureCitation>
) observed here are devoid of the dense proximal striae reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EF92C6F4FF95B665FF20F81CFEBA1DD2" author="Galea, H. R." box="[186,333,1971,1998]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="1 - 52" refId="ref12421" refString="Galea, H. R. (2016) Notes on some sertulariid hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the tropical western Pacific, with descriptions of nine new species. European Journal of Taxonomy, 218, 1 - 52. https: // doi. org / 10.5852 / ejt. 2016.218" type="journal article" year="2016">Galea (2016)</bibRefCitation>
in
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FEEBF81BFE3E1DD1" box="[369,457,1972,1998]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">G. nova</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="1338A780FF95B665FE43F81CFDC41DD1" box="[473,563,1971,1997]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1274,1298]" captionTargetBox="[154,1432,181,1242]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[151,1436,181,1249]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Gonaxia bulbifera Vervoort, 1993 (continued). A–C. Hydrothecae from various colonies, and comparison with a hydrotheca of G. nova Galea, 2016 (D). E, F. Female gonothecae from two different colonies, compared to gonothecae of G. nova (G). From samples MNHN-IK-2019-2056 (A, E), MNHN-IK-2019-2060 (B), MNHN-IK-2019-2055 (C, F) and MNHN- IK-2012-16538 (D, G). Figure G is reproduced from Galea (2016). Scale bar: A–D = 300 µm; E–G = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120678" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5120678/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Fig. 3G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BBCBB05FF95B665FF5DF878FBBB1DEE" blockId="3.[151,1437,1251,2034]" box="[199,1100,2007,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
<emphasis id="B9776717FF95B665FF5DF878FE0F1DED" bold="true" box="[199,504,2007,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Bathymetric distribution.</emphasis>
Between
<quantity id="4CFB16E0FF95B665FDF2F878FD101DEE" box="[616,743,2007,2034]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.19" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="1.08" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" unit="m" value="319.0" valueMax="530.0" valueMin="108.0">108–530 m</quantity>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EF92C6F4FF95B665FD6FF878FC6C1DED" author="Vervoort, W." box="[757,923,2007,2033]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" pagination="89 - 298" refId="ref14065" refString="Vervoort, W. (1993) Cnidaria, Hydrozoa, Hydroida: Hydroids from the western Pacific (Philippines, Indonesia and New Caledonia) I. Sertulariidae (Part 1). In: Crosnier, A. (Ed.), Resultats des Campagnes MUSORSTOM. Vol. 11. Memoires du Museum national d'histoire naturelle, Paris, 158, 89 - 298." type="journal article" year="1993">Vervoort 1993</bibRefCitation>
; present study).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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