treatments-xml/data/89/D9/7F/89D97FB0EAA16D7ED9802A76DAB85A66.xml
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<document id="C05DBE1A6AF23429AB01450D51303C11" ENCODING="UTF8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.10150" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b8b04597-d671-4969-8198-e61b5a172d35" ID-HNS-PUB="2958" checkinTime="1401177633152" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Ward, Philip S." docDate="1993" docId="89D97FB0EAA16D7ED9802A76DAB85A66" docLanguage="en" docName="2958.xml" docOrigin="Journal of Hymenoptera Research 2" docTitle="Pseudomyrmex simulans Kempf 1958" docType="treatment" docVersion="14" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="5D2504842856413260C70E0149648476" masterDocTitle="Systematic studies on Pseudomyrmex acacia-ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Pseudomyrmecinae)" masterLastPageNumber="168" masterPageNumber="117" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1693793045367" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="4964BDDB6EB18D6E53F6CA3FB87E232B">Systematic studies on Pseudomyrmex acacia-ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Pseudomyrmecinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2B51E03C1F779099529E2AB2121360F5">Ward, Philip S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="15251A9E0ACE7F19494F98F99816D4DD">Journal of Hymenoptera Research</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9563DA2BEFD3B88D3C4F155E2C0DF336">1993</mods:date>
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<treatment id="89D97FB0EAA16D7ED9802A76DAB85A66" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3512806" ID-GBIF-Taxon="125136797" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3512806" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:89D97FB0EAA16D7ED9802A76DAB85A66" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/89D97FB0EAA16D7ED9802A76DAB85A66" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="45" pageNumber="161">
<subSubSection id="A9AF6EB8B593C34E51DA7ADD2DDC722C" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
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<taxonomicName id="8A2F4BACD89C86FF35954C1FAF1EAD17" ID-CoL="4P4GM" authority="Kempf 1958" authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulans">
Pseudomyrmex simulans
<bibRefCitation id="9BB58BBB5D51A57E0B982A73D332A98B" author="Kempf, W. W." journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica (n. s.)" pagination="433 - 462" part="l" refId="ref40815" refString="Kempf, W. W. 1958. Estudos sobre Pseudomyrmex. II. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica (n. s.) l: 433 - 462." title="Estudos sobre Pseudomyrmex. II. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="book chapter" year="1958">Kempf 1958</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E100912DA38E83CDE2B12F58A9B3C3F9" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" type="description">
<paragraph id="0AA12BFFB850CFB9F5A5AE0FE371A4A6" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" type="mainText">(Fig. 9)</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A94D772D847AF2271750B1121D2D1598" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="F7DDCCC204C67B03BF7467EAF57B1160" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" type="mainText">
<materialsCitation id="924FABE441F8B4799C92C13913C1C9E2" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1416639867" collectionCode="MCZC" collectorName="W. M. Wheeler" country="Panama" location="Tumba Muerta Road" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-worker="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<taxonomicName id="952FFF5FE4AB7C7909B80AE0243BE824" authority="Kempf 1958: 459" authorityName="Kempf" authorityPageNumber="459" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulans">
Pseudomyrmex simulans
<bibRefCitation id="E5E35BD47CEE2775790EC07F61C37CAD" author="Kempf, W. W." journalOrPublisher="Studia Entomologica (n. s.)" pagination="433 - 462" part="l" refId="ref40815" refString="Kempf, W. W. 1958. Estudos sobre Pseudomyrmex. II. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Studia Entomologica (n. s.) l: 433 - 462." title="Estudos sobre Pseudomyrmex. II. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" type="book chapter" year="1958">Kempf 1958:459</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="C1D9EB465AF47E817842876045CE7017" pageId="45" pageNumber="161">Holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCount id="833007CC805DF5032F1185E780FAF796" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" type="worker">worker</specimenCount>
,
<location id="1CBBAC766F58FE33C9FC89442E6B59CD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:89D97FB0EAA16D7ED9802A76DAB85A66:1CBBAC766F58FE33C9FC89442E6B59CD" country="Panama" name="Tumba Muerta Road" pageId="45" pageNumber="161">Tumba Muerta Road</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="9435128B4F09827728B99B8520A807E6" name="Panama" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" value="Panama">Panama</collectingCountry>
(
<collectorName id="53F9D292A6E58F1C85ADEAD6B38A9199" pageId="45" pageNumber="161">W. M. Wheeler</collectorName>
) (
<collectionCode id="2D6F424FC652F5C5488E2CAF9CA82379" collectionName="USA, Massachusetts, Cambridge, Harvard University, Museum of Comparative Zoology" pageId="45" pageNumber="161">MCZC</collectionCode>
) [Examined]
</materialsCitation>
,
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="170D8A798D11EAD3F3087B44E30D6EB8" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="B2F5C916718947BDD485A2247B4B3F52" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" type="mainText">
Worker diagnosis. - With the traits of the
<taxonomicName id="EB19D599E1DD565E72010F0744DE45BC" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">P. gracilis</taxonomicName>
group (see couplet 6 of key) and the following more specific features. Head longer than broad (Cl 0.86-0.90); anterior margin of median clypeal lobe straight to broadly convex, rounded laterally; pronotum with sharp dorsolateral margination; mesonotum more steeply inclined than basal face of propodeum; petiole relatively short and high (
<collectionCode id="30047BAF5CD84A37CEF2DBD665DFD8FB" pageId="45" pageNumber="161">PLI</collectionCode>
0.61-0.66), with a distinct anterior peduncle (Figs. 9, 53), and with moderate dorsolateral margination; head and mesosoma finely punctulate-coriarious to coriarious-imbricate, subopaque; standing pilosity rather short, pale and inconspicuous, present on the mesosoma dorsum and (usually) outer surfaces of the tibiae, but sometimes lacking or worn off on the latter; fine appressed pubescence on most of body; dark brown-black in color, distal portions of appendages lighter; mandibles luteous.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="272641B9DFB0CCA00449A6E64211B634" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="D5BF1007859A40F7D2822E678A4002B0" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" type="mainText">
Taxonomic comments. - This curious species bears a superficial resemblance to the obligate acacia-ants (
<taxonomicName id="955C4DBE7634A5BC1BC8E40620F61554" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">P. ferrugineus</taxonomicName>
group), although its affinities to other
<taxonomicName id="5EE348727FBC379F7333EDC0D17ACC8B" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gracilis">P. gracilis</taxonomicName>
group species are clear from eye size, pilosity, palp formula, mesosomal structure, and male genitalia.
<taxonomicName id="393BFB7BFA2A3B892E1348F2163675A5" authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulans">P. simulans</taxonomicName>
can be recognized by the combination of elongate eyes (
<collectionCode id="D8828BF4D00F9493A45204926B5C8AAB" pageId="45" pageNumber="161">REL</collectionCode>
0.52-0.55), short petiole (
<collectionCode id="BAD80E78CA4C0AF48CEAC7A4EAEFCBA8" pageId="45" pageNumber="161">PLI</collectionCode>
0.61-0.66), short inconspicuous pilosity, and black color.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4FC06B8A7BA668E3A37118E22F167860" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="F71477BB691FD26C03B31C92B7CAAF84" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" type="mainText">
Distribution and biology. -
<taxonomicName id="E48C94784C31FD39E865BD9750D23852" authorityName="Kempf" authorityYear="1958" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="simulans">P. simulans</taxonomicName>
is known only from a few collections, all from swollen-thom acacias (
<treatmentCitation id="777C6CF17FB6BB908476DDB4E2A29FF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/10C4CA13-9809-CEF6-F5FF-5BC4AF20FDE1" pageId="45" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="E649A3A4FACE8092D44C55FF1B7FDF8D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fabales" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" phylum="Magnoliopsida" rank="species" species="collinsii">A. collinsii</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
), in Panama (Canal Zone and the provinces of Veraguas, Los Santos and Panama). Nothing has been published about its nesting biology or behavior, but
<normalizedToken id="34DA6E968BD22D4EB9EE76B335193BAF" originalValue="Janzens" pageId="45" pageNumber="161">Janzen's</normalizedToken>
field notes indicate that the workers are more timid than those of the
<taxonomicName id="C159AF8E49551BBF9A3D30FEEC4FB1B0" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">P. ferrugineus</taxonomicName>
group. One might surmise that its habits are similar to those of
<taxonomicName id="7F53B66C9E172C4EDAB7EC8E1FED889B" baseAuthorityName="Emery" baseAuthorityYear="1890" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pseudomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="45" pageNumber="161" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigropilosus">P. nigropilosus</taxonomicName>
, although the two species do not appear to be one
<normalizedToken id="77D7AD76E706970C093B2858E47ACA57" originalValue="anothers" pageId="45" pageNumber="161">another's</normalizedToken>
closest relatives (
<bibRefCitation id="401780C53CEE2258B12B4CB60C5793EC" author="Ward, P. S." editor="Huxley, C. R." journalOrPublisher="Oxford: Oxford University Press" pagination="335 - 352" refId="ref41958" refString="Ward, P. S. 1991. Phylogenetic analysis of pseudomyrmecine ants associated with domatia-bearing plants. Pp. 335 - 352 in: Huxley, C. R., Cutler, D. F. (eds.) Ant-plant interactions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, xviii + 601 pp." title="Phylogenetic analysis of pseudomyrmecine ants associated with domatia-bearing plants" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Ant-plant interactions" year="1991">Ward 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>