271 lines
40 KiB
XML
271 lines
40 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="C43BFC8FA56F66C433FC4EAD2A971570">A new species of Fibularia from Japanese waters with a redescription of F. japonica and F. ovulum (Echinodermata: Echinoidea: Clypeasteroida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="27BF69CAD07C202D27ADECBE0BC51DE2">Tanaka, Hayate</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="165706B88E3F8DDFDCE148AB893ED943">Wakabayashi, Kaori</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DE70951A27BAE1DD48325E00BF1748F1">Fujita, Toshihiko</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="6B335535DD330D31FF4BB9A8C5400A65" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4562877" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529733" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4562877" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD330D31FF4BB9A8C5400A65" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6B335535DD330D31FF4BB9A8C5400A65" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">
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<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD330D33FF4BB9A8C4F708C1" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E325E423DD330D33FF4BB9A8C47108E3" blockId="16.[151,853,1717,1811]" box="[151,561,1717,1744]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">
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<heading id="B86D534FDD330D33FF4BB9A8C47108E3" bold="true" box="[151,561,1717,1744]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD330D33FF4BB9A8C47108E3" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,561,1717,1744]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ovulum">
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<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FF4BB9A8C47108E3" bold="true" box="[151,561,1717,1744]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FF4BB9A8C72D08FC" bold="true" box="[151,365,1717,1743]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">Fibularia ovulum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD330D33FEA8B9ABC47108E3" author="Lamarck, J. - B." box="[372,561,1718,1744]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" refId="ref9694" refString="Lamarck, J. - B. (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Fertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leur classes, leurs familles, leurs generes, et le citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une Introduction offrant la Determination des caracteres essentiells de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Tome Troisieme. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E325E423DD330D33FF4BB9C7C4F708C1" blockId="16.[151,853,1717,1811]" box="[151,695,1753,1778]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">
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[Japanese name: Maru-mame-uni (
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<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD330D33FDC0B9C4C4E908C1" author="Shigei, M." box="[540,681,1753,1778]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" refId="ref10304" refString="Shigei, M. (1986) The Sea Urchins of Sagami Bay. Maruzen, Tokyo, 173 pp." type="book" year="1986">Shigei 1986</bibRefCitation>
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)]
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD330D33FF4BB9E7C5150920" box="[151,853,1786,1811]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E325E423DD330D33FF4BB9E7C5150920" blockId="16.[151,853,1717,1811]" box="[151,853,1786,1811]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">
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<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD330D33FF4BB9E7C6A50920" box="[151,229,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,926,948]" captionTargetBox="[160,1420,372,897]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[160,1420,372,897]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Increase of pore number in petal III through growth in F. coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. White circles indicate the specimens collected newly from Japanese waters in this study. Grey circles indicate type specimens (F. japonica) and specimens collected from Maldives (F. ovulum). Grey stars indicate holotype (F. coffea and F. japonica). X-mark in F. japonica indicates the paratype of F. japonica re-identified as F. coffea (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-17T No. 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617789/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD330D33FF2DB9E7C7410920" box="[241,257,1786,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[178,1403,778,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[166,1403,772,1301]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Increase of gonopore diameter (GD) through growth in F. coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. White circles indicate the specimens collected newly from Japanese waters in this study. Grey circles indicate type specimens (F. japonica) and specimens collected from Maldives (F. ovulum). Grey stars indicate holotype (F. coffea and F. japonica)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617793/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">6</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD330D33FED1B9E6C76C0920" box="[269,300,1787,1811]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816 (NSMT E-10392, Vavvaru Island, Maldives). A–C, SEM images of the test; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–F, plate patterns of the test; D, aboral; E, oral; F, left lateral. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617809/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">14</figureCitation>
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;
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||
<tableCitation id="AE18D198DD330D33FEE4B9E7C7D50920" box="[312,405,1786,1811]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Allometric regressions of test measurements and test length (TL) analyzed by smatr in Fibularia coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. See Figure 2 for the abbreviations of test measurements." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B7E5B4ABDD260D26FF4BBF85C5BD0EFC" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" tableUuid="B7E5B4ABDD260D26FF4BBF85C5BD0EFC">Tables 1</tableCitation>
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,
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||
<tableCitation id="AE18D198DD330D33FE78B9E6C7F50920" box="[420,437,1787,1811]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,1301,1324]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="TABLE 2. Tabular key to the species of Fibularia. See Figure 2C, D for the abbreviations of test measurements." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B7E5B4ABDD2B0D2BFF4BBA08C3070B1F" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" tableUuid="B7E5B4ABDD2B0D2BFF4BBA08C3070B1F">2</tableCitation>
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; Electronic Supplementary
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<tableCitation id="AE18D198DD330D33FD37B9E7C50F0920" box="[747,847,1786,1811]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Allometric regressions of test measurements and test length (TL) analyzed by smatr in Fibularia coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. See Figure 2 for the abbreviations of test measurements." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B7E5B4ABDD260D26FF4BBF85C5BD0EFC" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" tableUuid="B7E5B4ABDD260D26FF4BBF85C5BD0EFC">Table S1</tableCitation>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD330D33FF4BB820C41909A3" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" type="reference_group">
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<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD330D33FF4BB820C4540960" authority="Lamarck, 1816: 16" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityPageNumber="16" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,532,1853,1875]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ovulum">
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<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FF4BB820C70A0961" box="[151,330,1853,1874]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">Fibularia ovulum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="623BC232DD330D33FE8CB820C4540960" author="Lamarck, J. - B." box="[336,532,1853,1875]" page="16" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" year="1816">
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<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD330D33FE8CB820C7AE0960" author="Lamarck, J. - B." box="[336,494,1853,1875]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" refId="ref9694" refString="Lamarck, J. - B. (1816) Histoire Naturelle des Animaux sans Fertebres, presentant les caracteres generaux et particuliers de ces animaux, leur distribution, leur classes, leurs familles, leurs generes, et le citation des principales especes qui s'y rapportent; precedee d'une Introduction offrant la Determination des caracteres essentiells de l'animal, sa distinction du vegetal et des autres corps naturels, enfin, l'Exposition des Principes fondamentaux de la Zoologie. Tome Troisieme. Verdiere, Paris, 586 pp." type="book" year="1816">Lamarck, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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: 16
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="623BC232DD330D33FDFCB823C4BA0960" author="Mortensen, T." box="[544,762,1853,1875]" page="208" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" year="1948">
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<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD330D33FDFCB823C4890960" author="Mortensen, T." box="[544,713,1853,1875]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" refId="ref10012" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948) A Monograph of the Echinoidea. Fol. 3. Clypeastroida. Clypeastridae, Arachnoididae, Fibulariidae, Laganidae and Scutellidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 471 pp." type="book" year="1948">Mortensen 1948</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 208
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–210, figs, 102d, 104e, 106, 118, pl. 46, figs. 15–17, 21–24;
|
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<treatmentCitation id="623BC232DD330D33FABAB823C7870942" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." page="167" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" year="1971">
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<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD330D33FABAB823C7D80942" author="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E." pageId="16" pageNumber="257" refId="ref9377" refString="Clark, A. M. & Rowe, F. W. E. (1971) Monograph of shallow-water Indo-west Pacific Echinoderms. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London, 238 pp." type="book" year="1971">A.M. Clark & Rowe 1971</bibRefCitation>
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||
: 167
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
–170, fig. 83’, pl. 25, figs. 6–8;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="623BC232DD330D33FCD5B846C20A0942" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[777,1098,1883,1905]" page="382" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" year="1995">
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<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD330D33FCD5B846C25A0942" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[777,1050,1883,1905]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" refId="ref9785" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, New York, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao and A.M. Clark 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
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: 382
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–383, fig. 224.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E325E423DD330D33FF4BB867C41909A3" blockId="16.[151,1436,1853,1936]" box="[151,601,1914,1936]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FF4BB867C7C509BC" box="[151,389,1914,1935]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">
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<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD330D33FF4BB867C72E09BC" authority="Phelsum, 1774" box="[151,366,1914,1935]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="craniolaris">Fibularia craniolaris</taxonomicName>
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—
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</emphasis>
|
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<treatmentCitation id="623BC232DD330D33FE59B866C41409A3" author="Clark, H. L." box="[389,596,1914,1936]" page="57" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" year="1914">
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<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD330D33FE59B866C46F09A3" author="Clark, H. L." box="[389,559,1914,1936]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" pagination="1 - 80" refId="ref9486" refString="Clark, H. L. (1914) Hawaiian and other Pacific Echini. The Clypeasteridae, Arachnoididae, Laganidae, Fibulariidae, and Scutellidae. Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 46, 1 - 80." type="journal article" year="1914">H.L. Clark 1914</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 57
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD330D32FF4BB8C4C5FD0EC0" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="E325E423DD330D32FF4BB8C4C5FD0EC0" blockId="16.[151,1436,2009,2034]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,376]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="258" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">
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<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD330D33FF4BB8C4C7C509C1" bold="true" box="[151,389,2009,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="53F2EE7EDD330D33FE4CB8C4C3DC09C1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524743" box="[400,1436,2009,2034]" collectionCode="NSMT" county="Kagoshima" location="Kosyuku" municipality="Amami-Oshima Island" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" specimenCount="50">
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<specimenCount id="F59C2FAADD330D33FE4CB8C4C46F09C1" box="[400,559,2009,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257" type="generic">50 specimens</specimenCount>
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,
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<collectionCode id="858B7CE6DD330D33FDE2B8C4C4CC09C2" box="[574,652,2009,2033]" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/f678-ci92" name="National Science Museum (Natural History)" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">NSMT</collectionCode>
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E-10393, dead tests,
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="03417E59DD330D33FBDAB8C4C34D09C1" box="[1030,1293,2009,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">Amami-Oshima Island</collectingMunicipality>
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,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="215E2AC1DD330D33FAC1B8C4C3DC09C1" box="[1309,1436,2009,2034]" country="Japan" name="Kagoshima" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">
|
||
<collectingCounty id="0A449CAFDD330D33FAC1B8C4C3DC09C1" box="[1309,1436,2009,2034]" pageId="16" pageNumber="257">Kagoshima</collectingCounty>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
Prefecture,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9B8DA4B3DD320D32FECBBF85C7170E9C" box="[279,343,152,175]" name="Japan" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="86AE82E4DD320D32FEB9BF8AC7AE0E83" box="[357,494,151,176]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" precision="15" value="28.402777">28°24′10″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="86AE82E4DD320D32FE25BF8AC4CD0E83" box="[505,653,151,176]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" precision="15" value="129.46777">129°28′04″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), beachcombing, coll. H. Tanaka,
|
||
<date id="9724C2E3DD320D32FBDBBF85C2DF0E83" box="[1031,1183,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" value="2015-03-22">22 Mar. 2015</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="F59C2FAADD320D32FB76BF85C3030E83" box="[1194,1347,151,176]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" type="generic">28 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, NSMT
|
||
<materialsCitation id="53F2EE7EDD320D32FF4BBFA4C5F90EC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2147524720" collectingDate="2014-09-07" collectingDateMax="2014-09-14" collectingDateMin="2014-09-07" collectorName="A. Kroh & J. Herler" country="Maldives" county="Lhaviyani Atoll" latitude="5.4177775" location="Vavvaru Island" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="73.35472" municipality="Easter Beach" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" specimenCount="1">
|
||
E-10392, dead tests,
|
||
<location id="E645B2F8DD320D32FE78BFA7C41B0EE1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6B335535DD330D31FF4BB9A8C5400A65:E645B2F8DD320D32FE78BFA7C41B0EE1" box="[420,603,185,210]" country="Maldives" county="Lhaviyani Atoll" latitude="5.4177775" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="73.35472" municipality="Easter Beach" name="Vavvaru Island" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Vavvaru Island</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="03417E59DD320D32FDAEBFA7C5540EE1" box="[626,788,185,210]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Easter Beach</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="0A449CAFDD320D32FCF7BFA4C5AB0EE1" box="[811,1003,185,210]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Lhaviyani Atoll</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9B8DA4B3DD320D32FBDEBFA4C22A0EE1" box="[1026,1130,185,210]" name="Maldives" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="86AE82E4DD320D32FB5ABFA4C2B20EE1" box="[1158,1266,185,210]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" precision="15" value="5.4177775">5°25′4″N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="86AE82E4DD320D32FAD6BFA4C3CF0EE1" box="[1290,1423,185,210]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" precision="15" value="73.35472">73°21′17″E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
), beachcombing, coll.
|
||
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD320D32FE5CBFC6C79C0EC0" box="[384,476,218,243]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">A. Kroh</collectorName>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectorName id="4E6F81F5DD320D32FDCEBFC6C4340EC0" box="[530,628,218,243]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">J. Herler</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="9724C2E3DD320D32FD5CBFC6C54E0EC0" box="[640,782,219,243]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" value="2014-09-07">
|
||
<collectingDate id="87603B0BDD320D32FD5CBFC6C54E0EC0" box="[640,782,219,243]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" value="2014-09-07">7 Sept. 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
–
|
||
<date id="9724C2E3DD320D32FCC1BFC6C5F90EC0" box="[797,953,219,243]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" value="2014-09-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="87603B0BDD320D32FCC1BFC6C5F90EC0" box="[797,953,219,243]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" value="2014-09-14">14 Sept. 2014</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD320D32FF1BBFE1C2EC0F4B" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="E325E423DD320D32FF1BBFE1C2EC0F4B" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,376]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD320D32FF1BBFE1C7010F26" bold="true" box="[199,321,252,277]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Test outline slightly elliptical when viewed from above; height high; oral surface inflated toward the peristome. Periproct from round to elliptical. Petaloid region large; number of pores in petal III continues to increase with the test growth, reaching over 20 at TL>
|
||
<quantity id="246249C6DD320D32FCC8BE23C5190F65" box="[788,857,318,343]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Diameter of genital pores equal to or smaller than that of petaloid pores in mature individuals. Two hydropores in an irregularly-shaped groove.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="B7E5B4ABDD320D32FF4BB989C59908D4" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617809/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" startId="17.[151,250,1684,1706]" targetBox="[152,1435,426,1662]" targetPageId="17">
|
||
<paragraph id="E325E423DD320D32FF4BB989C59908D4" blockId="17.[151,1436,1684,1767]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD320D32FF4BB989C75F089A" bold="true" box="[151,287,1684,1706]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="249A9FA0DD320D32FEF9B989C4370899" authority="Lamarck, 1816" authorityName="Lamarck" authorityYear="1816" box="[293,631,1684,1706]" class="Echinoidea" family="Fibulariidae" genus="Fibularia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Clypeasteroida" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="ovulum">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD320D32FEF9B989C798089A" box="[293,472,1684,1705]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Fibularia ovulum</emphasis>
|
||
Lamarck, 1816
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(NSMT E-10392, Vavvaru Island, Maldives). A–C, SEM images of the test; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–F, plate patterns of the test; D, aboral; E, oral; F, left lateral. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD320D31FF1BB809C4110DC1" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="E325E423DD320D31FF1BB809C4FE0F05" blockId="17.[151,1437,1812,2037]" lastBlockId="18.[151,1437,151,1110]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD320D32FF1BB809C719091E" bold="true" box="[199,345,1812,1837]" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
The test is very small (TL =
|
||
<quantity id="246249C6DD320D32FD43B809C503091F" box="[671,835,1812,1837]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="9.45" metricValueMin="2.05" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" unit="mm" value="5.75" valueMax="9.45" valueMin="2.05">2.05–9.45 mm</quantity>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD320D32FC86B809C5EC091F" box="[858,940,1812,1837]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816 (NSMT E-10392, Vavvaru Island, Maldives). A–C, SEM images of the test; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–F, plate patterns of the test; D, aboral; E, oral; F, left lateral. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617809/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
), high (TH/TL = 0.59–0.84) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD320D32FB25B809C320091F" box="[1273,1376,1812,1837]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816 (NSMT E-10392, Vavvaru Island, Maldives). A–C, SEM images of the test; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–F, plate patterns of the test; D, aboral; E, oral; F, left lateral. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617809/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
|
||
), and elliptical when viewed from above (TW/TL = 0.77–0.92) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD320D32FCF3B828C583097D" box="[815,963,1845,1870]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816 (NSMT E-10392, Vavvaru Island, Maldives). A–C, SEM images of the test; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–F, plate patterns of the test; D, aboral; E, oral; F, left lateral. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617809/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Figs. 14A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The test proportion hardly changes with the test growth (slope value is 1.0 between TW and TL, and 1.1 between TH and TL in the allometry regression;
|
||
<tableCitation id="AE18D198DD320D32FF4BB86AC6A909A3" box="[151,233,1911,1936]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 1. Allometric regressions of test measurements and test length (TL) analyzed by smatr in Fibularia coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. See Figure 2 for the abbreviations of test measurements." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/B7E5B4ABDD260D26FF4BBF85C5BD0EFC" pageId="17" pageNumber="258" tableUuid="B7E5B4ABDD260D26FF4BBF85C5BD0EFC">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The oral and aboral surfaces are inflated. There are no internal buttresses. Food grooves are absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD320D32FAB3B86AC6890982" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816 (NSMT E-10392, Vavvaru Island, Maldives). A–C, SEM images of the test; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–F, plate patterns of the test; D, aboral; E, oral; F, left lateral. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617809/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Fig. 14B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ambulacra are almost the same width as the interambulacra (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD320D32FBD8B884C2260982" box="[1028,1126,1945,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816 (NSMT E-10392, Vavvaru Island, Maldives). A–C, SEM images of the test; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–F, plate patterns of the test; D, aboral; E, oral; F, left lateral. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617809/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
D–F). The height of both ambulacral and interambulacral plates are lower than the width at the ambitus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD320D32FBF9B8A7C2CB09E0" box="[1061,1163,1978,2003]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816 (NSMT E-10392, Vavvaru Island, Maldives). A–C, SEM images of the test; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–F, plate patterns of the test; D, aboral; E, oral; F, left lateral. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617809/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="258">Fig. 14F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The petaloid region is large (PL/TL = 0.49–0.69, PW/TW = 0.43–0.60). The ratio of petaloid region size to test size hardly change with the test growth (slope value is 1.0 between PL and TL, and 1.1 between PW and TL in the allometry regression). Each petal is composed of two almost parallel series of pore pairs lying oblique, and crossing the ambulacral plates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD310D31FF43BFC7C7470EC0" box="[159,263,218,243]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816 (NSMT E-10392, Vavvaru Island, Maldives). A–C, SEM images of the test; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–F, plate patterns of the test; D, aboral; E, oral; F, left lateral. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617809/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">Fig. 14D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The number of pores of petal III, IV, and V is continuously increasing up to 30, 24, and 28, respectively, with the test growth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD310D31FE5FBFE1C7880F27" box="[387,456,252,277]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,926,948]" captionTargetBox="[160,1420,372,897]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[160,1420,372,897]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Increase of pore number in petal III through growth in F. coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. White circles indicate the specimens collected newly from Japanese waters in this study. Grey circles indicate type specimens (F. japonica) and specimens collected from Maldives (F. ovulum). Grey stars indicate holotype (F. coffea and F. japonica). X-mark in F. japonica indicates the paratype of F. japonica re-identified as F. coffea (UMUTZ-Ecn-SG10-17T No. 7)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617789/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). The rate of increase slows down once a TL of more than 5.0 mm is reached. The pores become larger towards the distal tip of the petals.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E325E423DD310D31FF1BBE23C2230FEE" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1110]" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">
|
||
The peristome, situated at the center of the oral side, is small (SL/TL = 0.12–0.23, SW/TW = 0.11–0.23) and slightly elongated antero-posteriorly (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD310D31FDE2BE42C48F0F4B" box="[574,719,351,376]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816 (NSMT E-10392, Vavvaru Island, Maldives). A–C, SEM images of the test; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–F, plate patterns of the test; D, aboral; E, oral; F, left lateral. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617809/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">Figs. 14B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ratio of peristome size to test size becomes smaller as test grows (slope value is 0.7 between SL and TL, as well as between SW and TL in the allometry regression). Two buccal pores are situated in each ambulacrum at the edge of the peristome. Single sphaeridium is fully enclosed within the test, and in the sphaeridial chamber in each ambulacrum near the peristome.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E325E423DD310D31FF1BBEF8C4840C51" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1110]" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">
|
||
The round or roundish diamond shaped periproct is located halfway between the peristome and posterior margin of the test and is smaller than the peristome (AL/TL = 0.08–0.14, AW/TW = 0.09–0.15) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD310D31FB12BD1BC31E0C2C" box="[1230,1374,518,543]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816 (NSMT E-10392, Vavvaru Island, Maldives). A–C, SEM images of the test; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–F, plate patterns of the test; D, aboral; E, oral; F, left lateral. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617809/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">Figs. 14B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ratio of peristome size to test size hardly changes as the test grows (slope value is 1.1 between AL and TL, and 0.9 between AW and TL in the allometry regression).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E325E423DD310D31FF1BBD77C34A0D19" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1110]" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">
|
||
The apical system is situated at the midpoint of the anterior-posterior axis on the aboral surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD310D31FB27BD77C3D00CB0" box="[1275,1424,618,643]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1684,1706]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[152,1435,426,1662]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 14. Fibularia ovulum Lamarck, 1816 (NSMT E-10392, Vavvaru Island, Maldives). A–C, SEM images of the test; A, aboral view; B, oral view; C, left lateral view; D–F, plate patterns of the test; D, aboral; E, oral; F, left lateral. Pores of each pore pair linked by fine dotted lines. Interambulacra shaded. Abbreviations as in Fig. 2." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617809/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">Figs. 14A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). It consists of four genital pores, five ocular pores in small ocular plates, and two hydropores in a deep, irregularlyshaped groove. The diameter of the genital pores (<176 µm) is equal to or smaller than that of the largest petaloid pore (<ca. 150 µm). There is no obvious dimorphism in gonopore size (
|
||
<figureCitation id="7BA1F8A6DD310D31FC1FBDD3C2480CD4" box="[963,1032,718,743]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1329,1351]" captionTargetBox="[178,1403,778,1289]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[166,1403,772,1301]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. Increase of gonopore diameter (GD) through growth in F. coffea, F. japonica, and F. ovulum. White circles indicate the specimens collected newly from Japanese waters in this study. Grey circles indicate type specimens (F. japonica) and specimens collected from Maldives (F. ovulum). Grey stars indicate holotype (F. coffea and F. japonica)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617793/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The gonopores open in specimens as small as TL =
|
||
<quantity id="246249C6DD310D31FE80BDEDC7840D34" box="[348,452,752,776]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.22" pageId="18" pageNumber="259" unit="mm" value="2.22">2.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The diameter of the ocular pores (ca. 40 µm) is much larger than that of the accessory pores (ca. 25 µm). Accessory pores are situated in oblique patches in the centers of ambulacral plates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E325E423DD310D31FF1BBC2FC4D40DE3" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1110]" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">The primary tubercles are hemispherical, crenulate, and perforate. The diameters of oral and aboral primary tubercles are almost equal, ca. 150–200 µm. Their mamelons are constricted at the base. The miliary tubercles are hemispherical, poorly to non-crenulate, and indistinctly to non-perforate. They scattered around the primary tubercles. The diameters of oral and aboral miliary tubercles are almost equal, ca. 50 µm. The glassy tubercles occur between primary and miliary tubercles.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E325E423DD310D31FF1BBCC4C4110DC1" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1110]" box="[199,593,985,1010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD310D31FF1BBCC4C7500DC1" bold="true" box="[199,272,985,1010]" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">Color.</emphasis>
|
||
The denuded test is whitish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AB80B7A8DD310D31FF1BBCE7C5400A65" pageId="18" pageNumber="259" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="E325E423DD310D31FF1BBCE7C5400A65" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1110]" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">
|
||
<emphasis id="D1EE3831DD310D31FF1BBCE7C7200A20" bold="true" box="[199,352,1018,1043]" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
This species is recorded from East Africa and the Red Sea, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9B8DA4B3DD310D31FBEEBCE7C2DD0A20" box="[1074,1181,1018,1043]" name="Maldives" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Bay of Bengal, Xisha Island, the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9B8DA4B3DD310D31FECFBB01C7D40A06" box="[275,404,1052,1077]" name="Philippines" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the East Indies to the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9B8DA4B3DD310D31FD4FBB01C57C0A06" box="[659,828,1052,1077]" name="Kiribati" pageId="18" pageNumber="259">Gilbert Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and south of the Tokara Islands, from
|
||
<quantity id="246249C6DD310D31FB2FBB01C3170A07" box="[1267,1367,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.925" metricValueMax="3.85" metricValueMin="0.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="259" unit="m" value="192.5" valueMax="385.0" valueMin="0.0">0–385 m</quantity>
|
||
depth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD310D31FF42BB20C76A0A65" author="Shigei, M." box="[158,298,1085,1110]" pageId="18" pageNumber="259" pagination="191 - 241" refId="ref10201" refString="Shigei, M. (1981) A study on the echinoid fauna of the East China Sea and the coastal waters of southern Korea, Kyushu, Ryukyu, and Taiwan. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 26, 191 - 241. https: // doi. org / 10.5134 / 176013" type="journal article" year="1981">Shigei 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="870B99D2DD310D31FEE9BB20C40F0A65" author="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M." box="[309,591,1085,1110]" pageId="18" pageNumber="259" refId="ref9785" refString="Liao, Y. & Clark, A. M. (1995) The Echinoderms of Southern China. Science Press, New York, 614 pp." type="book" year="1995">Liao & A.M. Clark 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; present study).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |