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<document id="3BBF9AC07332CF01816654319D3A6E2A" ID-CLB-Dataset="36829" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3823.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cdc3964e-ebf3-491e-b10c-9ad6592cb0f0" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286373" ID-ZooBank="0D42FA17-3B11-4DBB-9E48-D7D505F9CE29" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460443345149" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Austin, William C., Ott, Bruce S., Reiswig, Henry M., Romagosa, Paula &amp; G, Neil" docDate="2014" docId="03D0FB0AFF9C2E0509E0FCF8FD6F7B8F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03823p084.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3823 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Polymastia kurilensis Koltun 1962" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="24" masterDocId="FFE98372FF892E120977FF89FF837A07" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic review of Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia, Canada, and adjacent waters, with the description of nine new species" masterLastPageNumber="84" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="22" updateTime="1698333174097" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="57DEE429E99C612B5697322C471F34CF">Taxonomic review of Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from British Columbia, Canada, and adjacent waters, with the description of nine new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="49FF731979E1CB56F99A427D86F0EF6E">Austin, William C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E1413EE96F343B83011F3D645F917CEE">Ott, Bruce S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7DC87CF689F8C60E617525F867A043E4">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="822E41958A8B1E025CFD57BC5DB8A4C1">Romagosa, Paula</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0E988623F2F1C67896E09BD01AB99F52">G, Neil</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="03D0FB0AFF9C2E0509E0FCF8FD6F7B8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6132526" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127668535" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6132526" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D0FB0AFF9C2E0509E0FCF8FD6F7B8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D0FB0AFF9C2E0509E0FCF8FD6F7B8F" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9C2E0709E0FCF8FDC0798C" blockId="21.[151,579,881,940]" box="[151,579,881,907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<heading id="D08EFD70FF9C2E0709E0FCF8FDC0798C" bold="true" box="[151,579,881,907]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9C2E0709E0FCF8FDC0798C" authority="Koltun, 1962" authorityName="Koltun" authorityYear="1962" box="[151,579,881,907]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9C2E0709E0FCF8FDC0798C" bold="true" box="[151,579,881,907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9C2E0709E0FCF8FE18798C" bold="true" box="[151,411,881,907]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Polymastia kurilensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF9C2E0708D5FCF8FDC0798C" author="Koltun" box="[418,579,881,907]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1962) Four-rayed and siliceous sponges of the Pacific shallows of Paramushir and Shumshu Islands. Studies of the U. S. S. R, 8, 181 - 191. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Koltun, 1962</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9C2E0709E0FC1AFEBC79AB" blockId="21.[151,579,881,940]" box="[151,319,915,940]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<figureCitation id="13425699FF9C2E0709E0FC1AFF5B79AB" box="[151,216,915,940]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[180,1417,220,1681]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[161,1425,195,1697]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Multifistulate Polymastia spp. in the NW Pacific. Numbers, form and size of fistulae. Scale bar, 3 cm on all but C where scale bar 5 cm. A, P. kurilensis Koltun; B, P. laganoides Burton; C, P. fluegeli Lehnert et al.; D, large P. toporoki Koltun; E, small P. toporoki; F, P. affinis Thiele, fistulae contracted; G, P. affinis, fistulae expanded. A, D G from Koltun 1966; B from Lambe 1895, courtesy Royal Society of Canada; C from Stone et al. 2011." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286379/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A, 7AD
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3631997FF9C2E0709E0FC52FD6679F6" box="[151,741,987,1009]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9C2E0709E0FC52FD6679F6" blockId="21.[151,741,987,1009]" box="[151,741,987,1009]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9C2E0709E0FC52FEFD79F6" box="[151,382,987,1009]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laganoides">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9C2E0709E0FC52FEFD79F6" box="[151,382,987,1009]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Polymastia laganoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF9C2E0708D7FC55FDAB79F6" author="Burton" box="[416,552,987,1009]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Burton, M. (1935) Some sponges from the Okhotsk Sea and the Sea of Japan. Issledovaniya Fauny Morei Zoologicheskii Institut Akademii Nauk SSSR, 22, 64 - 81." type="journal article" year="1935">Burton, 1935</bibRefCitation>
, non
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF9C2E070B29FC52FD6279F6" author="Lambe" box="[606,737,987,1009]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" refString="Lambe, L. M. (1895) Sponges from the western coast of North America. Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 1894, XII (4), 113 - 138, pls. II - IV." type="journal article" year="1895">Lambe 1895</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3631997FF9C2E0709E0FB97FDC57E5C" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9C2E0709E0FB97FDC57E5C" blockId="21.[151,1437,1054,1763]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9C2E0709E0FB97FE027E30" bold="true" box="[151,385,1054,1079]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Material examined.</emphasis>
KML 1020, PBS sta. 63-74, off Kodiak I., Alaska, (
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF9C2E070AA1FB97FBD77E30" box="[982,1108,1054,1079]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="92" value="58.13">58° 07.8N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE4D2CDBFF9C2E070D17FB97FB707E30" box="[1120,1267,1054,1079]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" precision="92" value="-150.86667">150° 52.0W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF9C2E070C70FB97FACC7E31" box="[1287,1359,1054,1079]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="m" value="126.0">126 m</quantity>
depth, no date, coll. unknown, one specimen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3631997FF9C2E0509B0FBEFFD6F7B8F" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9C2E0709B0FBEFFEC87F50" blockId="21.[151,1437,1054,1763]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9C2E0709B0FBEFFEDA7E78" bold="true" box="[199,345,1126,1151]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</emphasis>
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9C2E070814FBEEFDDC7E79" box="[355,607,1126,1150]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Macroscopic features.</emphasis>
Specimen not observed in life. Sponge cushion-shaped,
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF9C2E070D82FBEFFAAC7E79" box="[1269,1327,1126,1151]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="5.0">5 cm</quantity>
diameter fragment,
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF9C2E07087DFB02FEC17EA5" box="[266,322,1163,1187]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="cm" value="2.0">2 cm</quantity>
thick. Papillae small and conical with rounded apices,
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF9C2E070AD8FB02FC727EA5" box="[943,1009,1163,1187]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
high x
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF9C2E070D30FB03FB1E7EA5" box="[1095,1181,1162,1187]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
wide at base; multiple papillae on fragment (
<figureCitation id="13425699FF9C2E0708F9FB27FE527EC0" box="[398,465,1198,1223]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1718,1740]" captionTargetBox="[180,1417,220,1681]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[161,1425,195,1697]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 6. Multifistulate Polymastia spp. in the NW Pacific. Numbers, form and size of fistulae. Scale bar, 3 cm on all but C where scale bar 5 cm. A, P. kurilensis Koltun; B, P. laganoides Burton; C, P. fluegeli Lehnert et al.; D, large P. toporoki Koltun; E, small P. toporoki; F, P. affinis Thiele, fistulae contracted; G, P. affinis, fistulae expanded. A, D G from Koltun 1966; B from Lambe 1895, courtesy Royal Society of Canada; C from Stone et al. 2011." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286379/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A). Oscula not observed on preserved specimens but from internal structure located on the apices of fistulae. Sponge surface hispid with spicules projecting up to
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF9C2E070D6FFB5AFBDD7EED" box="[1048,1118,1235,1259]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
above surface surrounding papillae; fistulae microhispid, with spicules projecting less than 100 µm above surface. Main body of sponge papillose. Consistency woody, not compressible. Colour of main sponge body in alcohol brown; fistulae lighter shade of brown.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9C2E0709B0FAEAFEA87C54" blockId="21.[151,1437,1054,1763]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9C2E0709B0FAEAFE397F7C" box="[199,442,1379,1403]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Microscopic features.</emphasis>
Cortex
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF9C2E070B64FAEAFDEB7F7D" box="[531,616,1379,1403]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
thick with small amount of collagen. Fistulae either inhalant or exhalant; exhalant canals 200 to 400 µm diameter. Choanosomal principal multispicular tracts packed tightly with spicules held by only small amount of spongin cementing tracts; tracts composed of styles to strongloxeas, oriented with heads toward base; tracks originating at base of sponge, extending toward surface or penetrating it (
<figureCitation id="13425699FF9C2E070C46FA47FAFA7FE0" box="[1329,1401,1486,1511]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,447,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,447,1740]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Polymastia kurilensis Koltun, 1962. A, thick cross section, scale bar 10 mm; B, long and short spicules, scale bar 100 µm; C, head of subtylostyle, scale bar 10 µm; D, barbed end of thin onychaete-like spicule, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286380/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
A). Principal multispicular tracts carrying up through fistulae, slightly penetrating surface. Multispicular tracts surrounding central exhalant canal. Subtylostyles to tylostyles scattered randomly throughout cortex and choanosome.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9C2E0709B0F9D7FB237CE4" blockId="21.[151,1437,1054,1763]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9C2E0709B0F9D7FEAF7C70" box="[199,300,1630,1655]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Spicules.</emphasis>
Spicules of three
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF9C2E070B75F9D6FDC27C70" box="[514,577,1631,1655]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">types</typeStatus>
: 1) abundant straight styles to strongloxeas (
<figureCitation id="13425699FF9C2E070D3FF9D7FB0E7C70" box="[1096,1165,1630,1655]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,447,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,447,1740]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Polymastia kurilensis Koltun, 1962. A, thick cross section, scale bar 10 mm; B, long and short spicules, scale bar 100 µm; C, head of subtylostyle, scale bar 10 µm; D, barbed end of thin onychaete-like spicule, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286380/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B) composing principal spicule tracts; 2) less abundant subtylostyles to tylostyles (
<figureCitation id="13425699FF9C2E070A54F90BFCE67C9C" box="[803,869,1666,1691]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,447,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,447,1740]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Polymastia kurilensis Koltun, 1962. A, thick cross section, scale bar 10 mm; B, long and short spicules, scale bar 100 µm; C, head of subtylostyle, scale bar 10 µm; D, barbed end of thin onychaete-like spicule, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286380/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C) with long sharp points, some subtylote, vaguely fusiform, straight or slightly curved; 3) very thin, raphide-like spicules (
<figureCitation id="13425699FF9C2E070AA6F92FFB957CB8" box="[977,1046,1702,1727]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="23.[151,250,1762,1784]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,447,1740]" captionTargetId="figure@23.[151,1436,447,1740]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="FIGURE 7. Polymastia kurilensis Koltun, 1962. A, thick cross section, scale bar 10 mm; B, long and short spicules, scale bar 100 µm; C, head of subtylostyle, scale bar 10 µm; D, barbed end of thin onychaete-like spicule, scale bar 10 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286380/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D) with a single recurved spine at one end, visible only by SEM. Spicule measurements are from the one specimen examined.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9C2E0509E0F89AFAB07B1A" blockId="21.[151,276,1811,1835]" lastBlockId="23.[151,1436,151,392]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="24" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
KML 1020
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E0409B0F8DCFEB87D69" bold="true" box="[199,315,1877,1902]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF9F2E040836F8DCFE637D69" author="Koltun" box="[321,480,1877,1902]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" refString="Koltun, V. M. (1962) Four-rayed and siliceous sponges of the Pacific shallows of Paramushir and Shumshu Islands. Studies of the U. S. S. R, 8, 181 - 191. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1962">Koltun (1962)</bibRefCitation>
described
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9F2E040B2FF8DCFCCA7D69" box="[600,841,1877,1902]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E040B2FF8DCFCCA7D69" box="[600,841,1877,1902]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Polymastia kurilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Kurile Islands. It has the same spicule
<typeStatus id="54C2F4BEFF9F2E040C16F8DFFA1F7D69" box="[1377,1436,1878,1902]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">types</typeStatus>
and similar sizes as our specimen. The thin, recurved-spined spicules are characteristic and have not been reported for any other North Pacific species of
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E040B33F814FD497DB1" box="[580,714,1949,1974]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9F2E040B33F814FD457DB1" box="[580,710,1949,1974]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Polymastia</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
As noted above, the recurved spines are only visible under high magnification with a light microscope or by SEM. The only other North Pacific
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9F2E040D4EF848FB347DDD" box="[1081,1207,1985,2010]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E040D4EF848FB347DDD" box="[1081,1207,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Polymastia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a cushion-like form and a few wart-like fistulae is
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9E2E050B4CFF10FCEE7AB7" authority="Lambe 1895" authorityName="Lambe" authorityYear="1895" box="[571,877,151,176]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laganoides">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9E2E050B4CFF10FD567AB7" box="[571,725,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. laganoides</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFE837EDFF9E2E050BA9FF1EFCEE7AB7" author="Lambe" box="[734,877,151,176]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" refString="Lambe, L. M. (1895) Sponges from the western coast of North America. Proceedings and Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, 1894, XII (4), 113 - 138, pls. II - IV." type="journal article" year="1895">Lambe 1895</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
. But this species does not have recurved-spined spicules and spicules ranging from styles to tylostyles. Given the characteristic recurved-spined spicules, a similar spicule complement, similar form, and a sample depth of
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF9E2E050A32FF56FC127AF0" box="[837,913,223,248]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="126.0">126 m</quantity>
for our specimen, compared to the reported distribution range of
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF9E2E0508F4FE8DFD8A7B1B" box="[387,521,260,285]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.755" metricValueMax="3.01" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="175.5" valueMax="301.0" valueMin="50.0">50 to 301 m</quantity>
for
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9E2E050B4FFE8CFD437B1A" box="[568,704,260,285]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9E2E050B4FFE8CFD437B1A" box="[568,704,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">P. kurilensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, we conclude that our specimen belongs to this species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9C2E0709E8F8CFFA817DDF" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<table id="F979B8BCFF9CD1ED09E8F8CFFA8C7DDF" box="[159,1295,1862,2008]" gridcols="4" gridrows="4" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<tr id="3549485EFF9CD1ED09E8F8CFFA8C7D5B" box="[159,1295,1862,1884]" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76982122FF9CD1ED09E8F8CFFE027D5B" box="[159,385,1862,1884]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Spicule Type</th>
<th id="76982122FF9CD1ED0B13F8CFFD0E7D5B" box="[612,653,1862,1884]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig.</th>
<th id="76982122FF9CD1ED0A7CF8CFFC427D5B" box="[779,961,1862,1884]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Length</th>
<th id="76982122FF9CD1ED0D1BF8CFFA8C7D5B" box="[1132,1295,1862,1884]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Width</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3549485EFF9CD1ED09E8F8E6FA8C7D82" box="[159,1295,1903,1925]" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76982122FF9CD1ED09E8F8E6FE027D82" box="[159,385,1903,1925]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Styles to strongloxeas</th>
<td id="76982122FF9CD1ED0B13F8E6FD0E7D82" box="[612,653,1903,1925]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">7 B</td>
<td id="76982122FF9CD1ED0A7CF8E6FC427D82" box="[779,961,1903,1925]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">610(1393)2450</td>
<td id="76982122FF9CD1ED0D1BF8E6FA8C7D82" box="[1132,1295,1903,1925]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">9.0(16.0)28.0</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3549485EFF9CD1ED09E8F810FA8C7DA8" box="[159,1295,1945,1967]" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76982122FF9CD1ED09E8F810FE027DA8" box="[159,385,1945,1967]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Styles to subtylostyles</th>
<td id="76982122FF9CD1ED0B13F810FD0E7DA8" box="[612,653,1945,1967]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">7 C</td>
<td id="76982122FF9CD1ED0A7CF810FC427DA8" box="[779,961,1945,1967]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">108(243)630</td>
<td id="76982122FF9CD1ED0D1BF810FA8C7DA8" box="[1132,1295,1945,1967]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">3.0(6.5)12.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3549485EFF9CD1ED09E8F84BFA8C7DDF" box="[159,1295,1986,2008]" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
<th id="76982122FF9CD1ED09E8F84BFE027DDF" box="[159,385,1986,2008]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Thin spicules (spined)</th>
<td id="76982122FF9CD1ED0B13F84BFD0E7DDF" box="[612,653,1986,2008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">7 D</td>
<td id="76982122FF9CD1ED0A7CF84BFC427DDF" box="[779,961,1986,2008]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">720(1490)1990</td>
<td id="76982122FF9CD1ED0D1BF84BFA8C7DDF" box="[1132,1295,1986,2008]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">4.4(8.5)12.5</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF061A94FF9F2E0409E0F93FFC0A7D2E" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286379/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" targetBox="[180,1417,220,1681]" targetPageId="22">
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9F2E0409E0F93FFC0A7D2E" blockId="22.[151,1436,1718,1833]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E0409E0F93FFE907CCB" bold="true" box="[151,275,1718,1740]" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Multifistulate
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9F2E0408DDF93FFD9F7CCB" box="[426,540,1718,1740]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E0408DDF93FFD9F7CCB" box="[426,540,1718,1740]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Polymastia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. in the NW Pacific. Numbers, form and size of fistulae. Scale bar, 3 cm on all but C where scale bar 5 cm. A,
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9F2E0408E1F95FFDE27CEC" authority="Koltun" authorityName="Koltun" box="[406,609,1749,1771]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="kurilensis">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E0408E1F95FFD927CEC" box="[406,529,1749,1771]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. kurilensis</emphasis>
Koltun
</taxonomicName>
; B,
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9F2E040BFFF95FFCDC7CEC" authority="Burton" authorityName="Burton" box="[648,863,1749,1771]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="laganoides">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E040BFFF95FFC8C7CEC" box="[648,783,1749,1771]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. laganoides</emphasis>
Burton
</taxonomicName>
; C,
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9F2E040AF1F95FFBFB7CEC" authority="Lehnert et al." authorityName="Lehnert et al." box="[902,1144,1749,1771]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="fluegeli">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E040AF1F95FFC697CEC" box="[902,1002,1749,1771]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. fluegeli</emphasis>
Lehnert
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E040D32F95FFBFB7CEC" box="[1093,1144,1749,1771]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; D, large
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9F2E040DACF95FFA1B7CEC" authority="Koltun" authorityName="Koltun" box="[1243,1432,1749,1771]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toporoki">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E040DACF95FFACA7CEC" box="[1243,1353,1749,1771]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. toporoki</emphasis>
Koltun
</taxonomicName>
; E, small
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9F2E040987F97CFEDD7D0D" box="[240,350,1780,1802]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="toporoki">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E040987F97CFEDD7D0D" box="[240,350,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. toporoki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; F,
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9F2E0408F3F97CFDA57D0D" authority="Thiele" authorityName="Thiele" box="[388,550,1780,1802]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E0408F3F97CFE5F7D0D" box="[388,476,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. affinis</emphasis>
Thiele
</taxonomicName>
, fistulae contracted; G,
<taxonomicName id="4C79319FFF9F2E040A63F97CFCEF7D0D" box="[788,876,1780,1802]" class="Demospongiae" family="Polymastiidae" genus="Polymastia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hadromerida" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="affinis">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E040A63F97CFCEF7D0D" box="[788,876,1780,1802]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">P. affinis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, fistulae expanded. A, DG from Koltun 1966; B from Lambe 1895, courtesy Royal Society of Canada; C from Stone
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9F2E040A60F89DFCC97D2E" box="[791,842,1811,1833]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">et al.</emphasis>
2011.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9E2E0509B0FEAEFD577B38" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,392]" box="[199,724,295,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9E2E0509B0FEAEFE2D7B47" bold="true" box="[199,430,295,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Bathymetric range.</emphasis>
Depth range
<quantity id="4C81E7F9FF9E2E050B31FEAEFD537B38" box="[582,720,295,320]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.755" metricValueMax="3.01" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" unit="m" value="175.5" valueMax="301.0" valueMin="50.0">
50 to
<specimenCount id="9D7F8195FF9E2E050BF1FEA1FD537B38" box="[646,720,296,320]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" type="generic">301 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BC64A1CFF9E2E0509B0FEC5FD6F7B8F" blockId="23.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">
<emphasis id="B90D960EFF9E2E0509B0FEC5FE737B62" bold="true" box="[199,496,332,357]" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Geographic distribution.</emphasis>
Range extension from the Kurile Islands, the Okhotsk Sea (Kamchatka Peninsula,
<collectingCountry id="F36E0A8CFF9E2E0509E0FEE6FF677B8F" box="[151,228,367,392]" name="Russia" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">Russia</collectingCountry>
) and Bering Sea east to Kodiak I. (AK,
<collectingCountry id="F36E0A8CFF9E2E050BD3FEF9FD627B8F" box="[676,737,368,392]" name="United States of America" pageId="23" pageNumber="24">USA</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>