232 lines
30 KiB
XML
232 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="29F68B58ECC58B94E8138EF5243DC6B1" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4006.3.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="cf6a819b-c985-4328-b16b-ce638a3c5dd6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="231910" ID-ZooBank="8F133516-4CB5-4BBD-9DBF-2EE7C2EA2F55" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461214103462" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Podenas, Sigitas, Podeniene, Virginija & Byun, Hye-Woo" docDate="2015" docId="F71D87D5FFBF856262C2C308FAFB92D6" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04006p520.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4006 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pediciidae" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="508" masterDocId="0B24FFADFFBE85606255C53DFFA6962E" masterDocTitle="Heterangaeus Alexander, 1925 crane flies (Diptera: Pediciidae) of Korea" masterLastPageNumber="520" masterPageNumber="506" pageNumber="507" updateTime="1698602364234" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="7AC02E4C3D6E2D75198D7D037932B2BA">Heterangaeus Alexander, 1925 crane flies (Diptera: Pediciidae) of Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="823DA91D334D17EFBF4ECACA813E5459">Podenas, Sigitas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="8294A1071B1E8DBB552AE921E1EEEDDC">Podeniene, Virginija</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DBBA58355C098A122DA1972DC8FACF4C">Byun, Hye-Woo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="07C2A9036868D879B262DF45A5315DE4">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="F71D87D5FFBF856262C2C308FAFB92D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6100826" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119630754" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6100826" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:F71D87D5FFBF856262C2C308FAFB92D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/F71D87D5FFBF856262C2C308FAFB92D6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="508" pageId="1" pageNumber="507">
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<subSubSection id="37AE6548FFBF856262C2C308FAFB92D6" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="508" pageId="1" pageNumber="507" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="7F0B36C3FFBF856162C2C308FED09061" blockId="1.[151,374,1589,1615]" box="[151,374,1589,1615]" pageId="1" pageNumber="507">
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<heading id="244381AFFFBF856162C2C308FED09061" bold="true" box="[151,374,1589,1615]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="507" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBF856162C2C308FED09061" bold="true" box="[151,374,1589,1615]" pageId="1" pageNumber="507">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBF856162A3C308FED09061" ID-CoL="625SN" ID-ENA="702679" box="[246,374,1589,1615]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pediciidae</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F0B36C3FFBF856162C2C341FD2D9143" blockId="1.[151,1437,1660,2009]" pageId="1" pageNumber="507">
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBF856162C2C341FEAA90BB" box="[151,268,1660,1685]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pediciidae</taxonomicName>
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is a comparatively small family of crane flies with less than 490 species described worldwide, grouped into 10 genera. The highest diversity of species (146) is registered in North
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<collectingCountry id="07A37653FFBF85616640C3A2FBDE9096" box="[1045,1144,1695,1720]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="507">America</collectingCountry>
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, followed by the Eastern Palearctic (137) and Oriental (133) Regions. Distinctly fewer species (77) are known from the Western Palearctic. The family is poorly represented in the Neotropics (13 species), and in the Australasian/Oceanian Region (only 5 species). These crane flies are totally missing from the Afrotropics (
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<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBF856161F5C231FBD4910B" author="Oosterbroek" box="[928,1138,1804,1829]" pageId="1" pageNumber="507" refString="Oosterbroek, P. (2015) Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (CCW). Online version. Available from: http: // ccw. naturalis. nl / (accessed 11 August 2015)." type="journal article" year="2015">Oosterbroek 2015</bibRefCitation>
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). The family
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBF85616759C231FA27910B" box="[1292,1409,1804,1829]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pediciidae</taxonomicName>
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is composed of two subfamilies, the very small
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBF856160C2C212FD449166" box="[663,738,1839,1864]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ulinae">Ulinae</taxonomicName>
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(comprising about 40 species in two subgenera) and the large
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBF856162C2C269FEA99143" box="[151,271,1876,1901]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pediciinae">Pediciinae</taxonomicName>
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, where most species are included.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F0B36C3FFBF85626292C24AFC62979C" blockId="1.[151,1437,1660,2009]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1437,151,866]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="508" pageId="1" pageNumber="507">
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Adults
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBF8561634EC24AFE3691BE" box="[283,400,1911,1936]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="507" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pediciidae</taxonomicName>
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are characterized by setose eyes, their ommatidia being surrounded by abundant trichiae. Usually they have short, 10–17 segmented antennae. All legs bear well developed tibial spurs. The prescutum has no tuberculate pits. The wings, sometimes reduced, are usually well developed, spotted or unicolorous. Wing vein
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<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBC856262C2C5A5FF1F969A" box="[151,185,152,180]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Sc1</emphasis>
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is usually long, often reaching well beyond the distal branching of
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<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBC856261F1C5A4FC66969E" box="[932,960,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Rs</emphasis>
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. The vein
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<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBC85626663C5A5FBFE969A" box="[1078,1112,152,180]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Sc2</emphasis>
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is usually situated before the base of
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<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBC856262B8C5FDFEAF96F9" box="[237,265,192,215]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Rs</emphasis>
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. The radial sector branches into three veins. The discal cell is missing in some species, as well as cell
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<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBC8562672CC5FDFA3396F5" box="[1401,1429,192,219]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">m1</emphasis>
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. Some species have additional cross-veins. The subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC85626173C5D8FCD796D0" box="[806,881,229,254]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ulinae">Ulinae</taxonomicName>
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has wings covered with abundant macrotrichiae, while in the
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC85626375C434FE3E970C" box="[288,408,265,290]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pediciinae">Pediciinae</taxonomicName>
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, the wing cells have no macrotrichiae. Male genitalia usually surrounded by the genital ring. The ninth tergite often bears lateral lobes, which sometimes are strong and horn-like. The gonocoxite is often covered with small apical spines. The interbases are well developed. The gonostylus may be branched or not, and is often covered with small black spines. The aedeagus is usually simple. Ovipositor usually elongate, with large cercus, tip of which is turned upwards. Hypovalvae also well developed.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="7F0B36C3FFBC85626292C480FACC9510" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
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Six genera of
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC85626334C480FE7C97F8" box="[353,474,445,470]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pediciidae</taxonomicName>
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:
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC856263B1C483FCBB97F8" authority="Zetterstedt, 1838" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1838" box="[484,797,445,470]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" genus="Dicranota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBC856263B1C483FDF197FB" box="[484,599,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Dicranota</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC85626008C480FCBB97F8" author="Zetterstedt" box="[605,797,445,470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Zetterstedt, J. W. (1838) Sectio tertia. Diptera. Dipterologis Scandinaviae amicis et popularibus carissimus. Insecta Lapponica. L. Voss, Lipsiae [= Leipzig], pp. 477 - 868." type="book chapter" year="1838">Zetterstedt, 1838</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC85626172C483FB2197F8" authority="Alexander, 1925" authorityName="Alexander" authorityYear="1925" box="[807,1159,445,470]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" genus="Heterangaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBC85626172C483FC6297FB" box="[807,964,446,469]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Heterangaeus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC8562619EC480FB2197F8" author="Alexander" box="[971,1159,445,470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1925) New or little-known Tipulidae (Diptera). - XXVI. Palaearctic species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 9 (15), 65 - 81." type="journal article" year="1925">Alexander, 1925</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC856266C4C480FF7497D4" authority="Wahlgren, 1904" authorityName="Wahlgren" authorityYear="1904" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" genus="Nasiternella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBC856266C4C480FABA97F8" box="[1169,1308,445,470]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Nasiternella</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC8562677CC480FF7497D4" author="Wahlgren" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Wahlgren, E. (1904) Uber einige Zetterstedtsche Nemocerentypen. Arkiv for Zoologi, 2 (7), 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1904">Wahlgren, 1904</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC856262B0C4DCFE5C97D4" authority="Latreille, 1809" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1809" box="[229,506,481,506]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" genus="Pedicia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBC856262B0C4DCFE9D97D4" box="[229,315,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Pedicia</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC8562631FC4DCFE5C97D4" author="Latreille" box="[330,506,481,506]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Latreille, P. A. (1809) Genera crustaceorum et insectorum secumdum ordinem naturalem in familias disposita, iconibus exemplisque plurimis explicata. Vol. 4. Apud Amand Knig, Bibliopolam, Parisiis et Argentorati, 399 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 11558" type="book" year="1809">Latreille, 1809</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC8562605BC4DCFCC597D4" authority="Zetterstedt, 1837" authorityName="Zetterstedt" authorityYear="1837" box="[526,867,481,506]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" genus="Tricyphona" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBC8562605BC4DCFD2897D4" box="[526,654,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Tricyphona</emphasis>
|
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<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC856260C8C4DCFCC597D4" author="Zetterstedt" box="[669,867,481,506]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Zetterstedt, J. W. (1837) Conspectus familiarum, generum et specierum Dipterorum, in fauna insectorum Lapponica descriptorum. Isis (Okens), 1837 (1), 28 - 67." type="journal article" year="1837">Zetterstedt, 1837</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC856261FFC4DCFB2F97D4" authority="Haliday, 1833" authorityName="Haliday" authorityYear="1833" box="[938,1161,481,506]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" genus="Ula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBC856261FFC4DCFC7397D4" box="[938,981,481,506]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Ula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC856261B1C4DCFB2F97D4" author="Haliday" box="[996,1161,481,506]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Haliday, A. H. (1833) Catalogue of the Diptera occurring about Holywood in Downshire. Entomological Magazine, 1, 147 - 180." type="journal article" year="1833">Haliday, 1833</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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have larvae described (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC856262CBC738FEFE9430" author="Alexander" box="[158,344,517,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1920) The crane flies of New York, Part 2. Biology and phylogeny. Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station Memoirs, 38, 691 - 1133." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander 1920</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC85626330C738FDA69430" author="Lindner" box="[357,512,517,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Lindner, E. (1959) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Larven der Limoniidae. Zeittschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere, 48, 209 - 319. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00407377" type="journal article" year="1959">Lindner 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC85626058C738FCAF9430" author="Crisp" box="[525,777,517,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Crisp, G. & Lloyd, L. (1954) The community of insects in patch of woodland mud. Transaction of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 105, 269 - 313. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1954. tb 00766. x" type="journal article" year="1954">Crisp and Lloyd 1954</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC85626143C738FC0A9430" author="Brindle" box="[790,940,517,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Brindle, A. (1962) The larvae natural groups of the British Pediciini (Diptera, Tipulidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 98, 234 - 237." type="journal article" year="1962">Brindle 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC856261EFC738FC539430" author="Brindle" box="[954,1013,517,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Brindle, A. (1967) The larvae and pupae of the British Cylindrotominae and Limoniinae (Diptera, Tipulidae). Transactions of the Society of British Entomology, 17, 151 - 216." type="journal article" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC85626654C738FB199430" author="Savchenko" box="[1025,1215,517,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Savchenko, E. N. (1986) Limoniidae: Introduction, Pediciinae, Hexatominae. Fauna Ukraini, 14 (2), 1 - 379. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1986">Savchenko 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC85626699C738FA3E9430" author="Krivosheina" box="[1228,1432,517,542]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Krivosheina, M. G. (2009) On the morphology and ecology of the previously unknown larva of the short-palped crane fly Nasiternella variinervis (Zetterstedt, 1851) (Diptera, Pediciidae). Entomological Review, 89 (9), 1055 - 1058. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 001387380909005 X" type="journal article" year="2009">Krivosheina 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC856262C2C714FDB9946C" author="Krivosheina" box="[151,543,553,578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Krivosheina, N. P. & Krivosheina, M. G. (2011) Key to the terrestrial crane-fly larvae (Diptera, Limoniidae, Pediciidae) of Russia. KMK Scientific Press, Moscow, 194 pp." type="book" year="2011">Krivosheina and Krivosheina 2011</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC8562607FC714FC80946C" author="Obona" box="[554,806,553,578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Obona, J. & Stary, J. (2013) Description of the larva and pupa of Nasiternella regia Riedel, 1914 (Diptera, Pediciidae) from Slovakia, with notes on ecology and behavior. Biologia, 68 (2), 345 - 350. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2478 / s 11756 - 013 - 0149 - 7" type="journal article" year="2013">Obona and Starý 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC85626164C714FBA9946C" author="Podenas" box="[817,1039,553,578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Podenas, S., Podeniene, V. & Gelhaus, J. (2014) New species of Heterangaeus Alexander, 1925 crane flies (Diptera: Pediciidae) from north-central Mongolia. Zootaxa, 3814 (2), 259 - 274. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3814.2.6" type="journal article" year="2014">Podenas et.al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Larval morphological features are known only for 25 species belonging to these genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC8562615CC770FC629448" author="Alexander" box="[777,964,589,614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Alexander, C. P. (1920) The crane flies of New York, Part 2. Biology and phylogeny. Cornell University Agricultural Experimental Station Memoirs, 38, 691 - 1133." type="journal article" year="1920">Alexander 1920</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC85626184C770FBCC9448" author="Brindle" box="[977,1130,589,614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Brindle, A. (1962) The larvae natural groups of the British Pediciini (Diptera, Tipulidae). Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 98, 234 - 237." type="journal article" year="1962">Brindle 1962</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC85626622C770FB149448" author="Brindle" box="[1143,1202,589,614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Brindle, A. (1967) The larvae and pupae of the British Cylindrotominae and Limoniinae (Diptera, Tipulidae). Transactions of the Society of British Entomology, 17, 151 - 216." type="journal article" year="1967">1967</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC85626695C770FA9A9448" author="Fahy" box="[1216,1340,589,614]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Fahy, E. (1972) The larva and life history of Dicranota guerini Zett. (Diptera: Tipulidae). Entomologist, 105, 260 - 263." type="journal article" year="1972">Fahy 1972</bibRefCitation>
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC8562671FC770FF7494A4" author="Reusch" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Reusch, H. (1988) Untersuchungen zur Faunistic, Phanologie und Morphologie der Limoniidae im Niedersachsischen Tiefland (Insecta, Diptera, Nematocera). Dissertation, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, 154 pp." type="book" year="1988">Reusch 1988</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC85626289C74CFE3A94A4" author="Brinkmann" box="[220,412,625,650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Brinkmann, R. (1991) Zur Habitatpraferenz und Phanologie der Limoniidae, Tipulidae und Cylindrotomidae (Diptera) im Bereich eines norddeutschen Tieflandbaches. Faunistische-Okologische Mitteilungen, 11 (Supplement), 1 - 156." type="journal article" year="1991">Brinkmann 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC856263F2C74CFCBF94A4" author="Oosterbroek" box="[423,793,625,650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Oosterbroek, P. & Theowald, B. (1991) Phylogeny of the Tipuloidea based on characters of larvae and pupae (Diptera, Nematocera) with an index to the literature except Tipulidae. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 134, 211 - 267." type="journal article" year="1991">Oosterbroek and Theowald 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Ujvarosi et all. 2010,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC85626642C74CFB5394A4" author="Podenas" box="[1047,1269,625,650]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Podenas, S., Podeniene, V. & Gelhaus, J. (2014) New species of Heterangaeus Alexander, 1925 crane flies (Diptera: Pediciidae) from north-central Mongolia. Zootaxa, 3814 (2), 259 - 274. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3814.2.6" type="journal article" year="2014">Podenas et.al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The larvae of the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC85626340C7A8FE2C9480" box="[277,394,661,686]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pediciidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are hemicephalic, metapneunistic with two (in subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC85626672C7A8FB389480" box="[1063,1182,661,686]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Pediciinae">Pediciinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or five (in subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC856262C2C784FF4294FC" box="[151,228,697,722]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ulinae">Ulinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) spiracular lobes. Larvae of genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC856260D0C784FD1694FC" box="[645,688,697,722]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" genus="Ula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBC856260D0C784FD1694FC" box="[645,688,697,722]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Ula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
develop in fungi and are mycetophagous, when larvae of other genera are predators with huge mandible, developing in water or wet soil near it. The shape of head capsule is one of the best distinguishing characters of this family as well as toothed hypostoma divided into two parts and connected only at the base of median teeth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC856260D7C618FCBE9510" author="Hennig" box="[642,792,805,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Hennig, W. (1973) Diptera. Handbuch der Zoologie, 4 (2), 1 - 337." type="journal article" year="1973">Hennig 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC85626176C618FC1B9510" author="Lindner" box="[803,957,805,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Lindner, E. (1959) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Larven der Limoniidae. Zeittschrift fur Morphologie und Okologie der Tiere, 48, 209 - 319. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00407377" type="journal article" year="1959">Lindner 1959</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC8562619CC618FB209510" author="Savchenko" box="[969,1158,805,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Savchenko, E. N. (1986) Limoniidae: Introduction, Pediciinae, Hexatominae. Fauna Ukraini, 14 (2), 1 - 379. [in Russian]" type="journal article" year="1986">Savchenko 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B254B32FFBC856266C4C618FAF89510" author="Krivosheina" box="[1169,1374,805,830]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" refString="Krivosheina, M. G. (2009) On the morphology and ecology of the previously unknown larva of the short-palped crane fly Nasiternella variinervis (Zetterstedt, 1851) (Diptera, Pediciidae). Entomological Review, 89 (9), 1055 - 1058. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / S 001387380909005 X" type="journal article" year="2009">Krivosheina 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F0B36C3FFBC85626292C677FACC954C" blockId="2.[151,1437,151,866]" box="[199,1386,841,866]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
|
||
No species belonging to family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8B44D40FFBC85626079C674FD07954C" box="[556,673,841,866]" class="Insecta" family="Pediciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pediciidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were previously known from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="07A37653FFBC856261A6C674FBD9954F" box="[1011,1151,841,866]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Oosterbroek 2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F0B36C3FFBC856262C2C6A8FD7F9582" blockId="2.[151,1431,917,1272]" box="[151,729,917,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
|
||
<emphasis id="4DC0EAD1FFBC856262C2C6A8FF559582" bold="true" box="[151,243,917,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Collecting sites in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="07A37653FFBC85626395C6A8FDE09582" box="[448,582,917,940]" name="South Korea" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<date id="0B0A1003FFBC85626000C6A8FD689582" box="[597,718,917,940]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" value="2012" valueMax="2014">2012-2014</date>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F0B36C3FFBC856262C9C6FBFA30922D" blockId="2.[151,1431,917,1272]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
|
||
Locality Collector Jeollabuk-do, Namwon, Sannae-myeon, Deokdong-ri,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A805004FFBC856260B6C6D1FCFB922D" box="[739,861,1004,1027]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" precision="1" value="35.33629">N35.33629</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A805004FFBC8562613DC6D1FC4F922D" box="[872,1001,1004,1027]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" precision="1" value="127.5323">E127.53230</geoCoordinate>
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||
H.-W. Byun, S.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F0B36C3FFBC856266BDC131FAE6920D" blockId="2.[151,1431,917,1272]" box="[1256,1344,1036,1059]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Podenas</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F0B36C3FFBC856262C9C10CFA319243" blockId="2.[151,1431,917,1272]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
|
||
Jeollanam-do province, Gurve, Toji-myeon, Naedong-ri, Piakol valley,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A805004FFBC856261CEC10CFBB29266" box="[923,1044,1073,1096]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" precision="1" value="35.26586">N35.26586</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A805004FFBC8562664AC10CFB069266" box="[1055,1184,1073,1096]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" precision="1" value="127.5809">E127.58090</geoCoordinate>
|
||
S. Podenas Jeollanam-do province, Gurve, Toji-myeon, Naedong-ri, Piakol valley,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A805004FFBC856261C1C16BFBAB9243" box="[916,1037,1110,1133]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" precision="1" value="35.2658">N35.26580</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A805004FFBC8562664CC16BFB3C9243" box="[1049,1178,1110,1133]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" precision="1" value="127.58128">E127.58128</geoCoordinate>
|
||
S. Podenas, V.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F0B36C3FFBC856266BDC14BFAF192A3" blockId="2.[151,1431,917,1272]" box="[1256,1367,1142,1165]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">Podeniene</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F0B36C3FFBC856262C9C1A1FA9C92F6" blockId="2.[151,1431,917,1272]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">
|
||
Gyeongsangnam-do, Hamyang, Macheon-myeon, Samjeong-ri,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A805004FFBC8562611DC1A1FC64929D" box="[840,962,1180,1203]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" precision="1" value="35.3588">N35.35880</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A805004FFBC85626199C1A1FBE8929D" box="[972,1102,1180,1203]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" precision="1" value="127.63672">E127.63672</geoCoordinate>
|
||
V. Podeniene Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Buk-myeon, Hwaak-ri,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A805004FFBC8562608AC1FCFCC692F6" box="[735,864,1217,1240]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" precision="1" value="37.99363">N 37.99363</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1A805004FFBC8562613FC1FCFC5592F6" box="[874,1011,1217,1240]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="508" precision="1" value="127.52102">E 127.52102</geoCoordinate>
|
||
S. Kim,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F0B36C3FFBC856266BDC1DCFAFB92D6" blockId="2.[151,1431,917,1272]" box="[1256,1373,1249,1272]" pageId="2" pageNumber="508">S. Podenas</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |