592 lines
61 KiB
XML
592 lines
61 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1123-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="07859930DED85AA1A2C62AF44518525F" ID-ZooBank="DF436107268C40119D5702B8C83C35ED" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1123-99" checkinTime="1664944203970" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Xie, Xiaojun, Lu, Bo, Pang, Jie & Zhang, Dongsheng" docDate="2022" docId="E3D170A2823654E39FF442C3EB3D5CB6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1123: 99-122" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1123" docPubDate="2022-10-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397" docTitle="Astrodia duospina Xie & Lu & Pang & Zhang 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="FC14B3BB-E9BB-4E61-A959-266A0CA733C8" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="07859930DED85AA1A2C62AF44518525F" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="07859930DED85AA1A2C62AF44518525F" masterDocTitle="Description of two species of the genus Astrodia Verrill, 1899 (Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Asteronychidae), including a new species from seamounts in the West Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="122" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1664944203970" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Description of two species of the genus Astrodia Verrill, 1899 (Ophiuroidea, Euryalida, Asteronychidae), including a new species from seamounts in the West Pacific</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Xie, Xiaojun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lu, Bo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pang, Jie</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Zhang, Dongsheng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, China & Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China & School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">dszhang@sio.org.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-10-04</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1123</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>99</mods:start>
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<mods:end>122</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1123-99</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">DF436107268C40119D5702B8C83C35ED</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">07859930DED85AA1A2C62AF44518525F</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:FC14B3BB-E9BB-4E61-A959-266A0CA733C8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/E3D170A2823654E39FF442C3EB3D5CB6" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/FC14B3BB-E9BB-4E61-A959-266A0CA733C8" authority="Xie & Lu & Pang & Zhang, 2022" authorityName="Xie & Lu & Pang & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia duospina" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duospina" status="sp. nov.">Astrodia duospina</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="99">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. In situ and on-board photos of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. A photo in situ (RSIO 61068: the individual below, RSIO 61069: the individual above, attached to an unidentified sea pen species) B photo on board (RSIO 61068: the individual on the left, RSIO 61069: the individual on the right) C, D photos on board (RSIO 31004), aboral side (C), oral side (D). Scale bars: 10 mm (B); 20 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752851" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Vertebrae in basal arm of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 200 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752853" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae in distal arm of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 100 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752854" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Lateral arm plates and arm spines of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A, B lateral arm plates from proximal arm, outer view (A), inner view (B) C, D lateral arm plates from distal arm, outer view (C), inner view (D) E, F arm spines from proximal (E) and distal arm (F). Abbreviations: MO muscle opening; NO nerve opening; R ridge. Scale bars: 200 μm (E); 100 μm (F); 90 μm (A, B); 60 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752855" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Morphological characters of paratypes of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. A arm spines of RSIO 31004 B arm spines of RSIO 61069 C-E pictures of RSIO 59012, oral disc (C), aboral disc (D), arm and arm spines (E) F aboral disc of RSIO 31004. These specimens have exceptionally three arm spines for an arm segment (shown by an arc in A and B). Abbreviations: AS arm spine; T teeth; PO plate-shaped ossicle; GS genital slit; G gonad; RS radial shield. Scale bars: 2 mm (F); 1 mm (C, E); 0.5 mm (A, B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752856" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">, 7</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-09-16" country="China" elevation="2713" latitude="15.189" location="Northwest Pacific" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="162.821" municipality="Nazimov Guyot" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E3D170A2823654E39FF442C3EB3D5CB6:7A940853BB5F806C1AB223FDE119569F" country="China" latitude="15.189" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="162.821" municipality="Nazimov Guyot" name="Northwest Pacific">Northwest Pacific</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Nazimov Guyot</collectingMunicipality>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="11.34" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="15.189">15°11.34'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="162" direction="east" minutes="49.26" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="162.821">162°49.26'E</geoCoordinate>
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; depth
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.713" unit="m" value="2713.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.713" unit="m" value="2713.0">2713 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2020-09-16">16 September 2020</collectingDate>
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; collected by ROV HAILONG III; preserved in alcohol; RSIO61068
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-09-16" country="China" elevation="2713" latitude="15.189" location="Northwest Pacific" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="162.821" municipality="Nazimov Guyot" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="Paratypes">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingCountry name="China">China</collectingCountry>
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•
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<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E3D170A2823654E39FF442C3EB3D5CB6:8EBEBDBEC268CD414CA820476D0A937F" country="China" latitude="15.189" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="162.821" municipality="Nazimov Guyot" name="Northwest Pacific">Northwest Pacific</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Nazimov Guyot</collectingMunicipality>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="11.34" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="15.189">15°11.34'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="162" direction="east" minutes="49.26" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="162.821">162°49.26'E</geoCoordinate>
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; depth
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.713" unit="m" value="2713.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.713" unit="m" value="2713.0">2713 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2020-09-16">16 September 2020</collectingDate>
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; collected by ROV HAILONG III; preserved in alcohol; RSIO61069
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2013-09-07" country="China" elevation="2744" latitude="15.676833" location="Northwest Pacific" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="154.89616" municipality="Caiwei Guyot" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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;
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E3D170A2823654E39FF442C3EB3D5CB6:B4B178DA9C49420F2BDA601BFCE94FC0" country="China" latitude="15.676833" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="154.89616" municipality="Caiwei Guyot" name="Northwest Pacific">Northwest Pacific</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Caiwei Guyot</collectingMunicipality>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="15" direction="north" minutes="40.61" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="15.676833">15°40.61'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="154" direction="east" minutes="53.77" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="154.89616">154°53.77'E</geoCoordinate>
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; depth
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7439999999999998" unit="m" value="2744.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7439999999999998" unit="m" value="2744.0">2744 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2013-09-07">7 September 2013</collectingDate>
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; collected by HOV JIAOLONG; preserved in alcohol; RSIO31004
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</materialsCitation>
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•
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-08-02" country="China" county="Roischesar Peak" elevation="1950" latitude="13.3475" location="Philippine Sea" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="134.54683" municipality="Kyushu-Palau Ridge" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
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; the
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:E3D170A2823654E39FF442C3EB3D5CB6:79267163091DA8F0E7E9A5051296D572" country="China" county="Roischesar Peak" latitude="13.3475" longLatPrecision="13" longitude="134.54683" municipality="Kyushu-Palau Ridge" name="Philippine Sea">Philippine Sea</location>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Kyushu-Palau Ridge</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCounty>Roischesar Peak</collectingCounty>
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;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13" direction="north" minutes="20.85" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="13.3475">13°20.85'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="134" direction="east" minutes="32.81" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="134.54683">134°32.81'E</geoCoordinate>
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; depth
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" unit="m" value="1950.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1900.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.95" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.9" unit="m" value="1950.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1900.0">1900-2000 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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;
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<collectingDate value="2020-08-02">2 August 2020</collectingDate>
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; collected by ROV HAILONG IV; preserved in alcohol; RSIO59012
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Disc raised high above the arm. Aboral disc with plate-shaped external ossicles in the center and on the periphery. Radial shield narrow, longer than wide. Teeth triangular, oral papillae indistinct or underdeveloped. Genital slits short, approximately one-fourth of the height of the disc. Lateral arm plates crescent and not projecting on arms. Arm spines no more than two.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Disc pentagonal, notched interradial edges, 14 mm in diameter, 4.7 mm in height. Aboral surface almost flat, slightly depressed in the center, entirely covered by thickened skin with plate-shaped external ossicles in the center, about 220
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3A</figureCitation>
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). Peripheral disc covered with a few plate-shaped external ossicles, similar to those in the center but larger, approximately twice in length. Radial shields narrow, tumid, bar-like, without granules or spines, and almost reach center of disc (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3A, B</figureCitation>
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). Approximately 7.2 mm long and 550
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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wide in the center and 1.1 mm wide at periphery.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752851" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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In situ and on-board photos of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Xie & Lu & Pang & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia duospina" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duospina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia duospina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
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photo in situ (RSIO61068: the individual below, RSIO61069: the individual above, attached to an unidentified sea pen species)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
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photo on board (RSIO61068: the individual on the left, RSIO61069: the individual on the right)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, D</emphasis>
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photos on board (RSIO31004), aboral side (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
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), oral side (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
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). Scale bars: 10 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
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); 20 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, D</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 3.</emphasis>
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Morphological characters of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Xie & Lu & Pang & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia duospina" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duospina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia duospina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO61068)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
|
aboral view of the disc
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
|
periphery of the aboral disc
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
|
oral view of the disc
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
|
genital silts
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
|
|
aboral view of the arms
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
|
|
arms spines. Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">RS</emphasis>
|
|
radial shield;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">PO</emphasis>
|
|
plate-shaped ossicle;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">M</emphasis>
|
|
madreporite;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">T</emphasis>
|
|
teeth;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">OT</emphasis>
|
|
oral tentacle;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">GS</emphasis>
|
|
genital slit;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
|
|
gonad;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">LAP</emphasis>
|
|
lateral arm plate;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">AS</emphasis>
|
|
arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, C, E</emphasis>
|
|
); 1 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B, D</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.5 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
Oral surface flat, covered by thickened skin. Oral shield small to invisible, one madreporite. Adoral shield obscured by skin (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Oral interradial surface covered with several plate-shaped external ossicles (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Six teeth, triangular, forming vertical row on dental plate, each jaw covered by a pair of conical oral tentacles (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Oral papillae invisible or underdeveloped. Two genital slits, small, about 1/4 as long of disc height (1.3 mm long and 260
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
wide), present on oral side of each interradius (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Gonads visible on each interradius (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
Five arms, long and slender, about eight to nine times as long as disc diameter, no abrupt change in width basally (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3E</figureCitation>
|
|
). Proximal segments 2.5 mm wide and 1.7 mm high, with arched aboral surface and flattened oral surface (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3E</figureCitation>
|
|
), gradually tapering toward tip. Arm spines only present on ventral side. First to fourth tentacle pores with one arm spine and following tentacle pores with two arm spines. Outer arm spines slightly shorter than inner ones at proximal segments, but only three-fifths as long as inner spines on middle and distal segments (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3F</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Color</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Pink in situ, white in alcohol (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. In situ and on-board photos of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. A photo in situ (RSIO 61068: the individual below, RSIO 61069: the individual above, attached to an unidentified sea pen species) B photo on board (RSIO 61068: the individual on the left, RSIO 61069: the individual on the right) C, D photos on board (RSIO 31004), aboral side (C), oral side (D). Scale bars: 10 mm (B); 20 mm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752851" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">2</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<taxonomicName genus="Ossicle" lsidName="Ossicle morphology" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="morphology">Ossicle morphology</taxonomicName>
|
|
of holotype
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Vertebrae articulation streptospondylous, wider than long in proximal segments (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Vertebrae in basal arm of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 200 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752853" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">4A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
), longer than wide in distal segments (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae in distal arm of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 100 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752854" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). Oral side of each vertebra with longitudinal groove along midline, deeply depressed, and no oral bridge (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Vertebrae in basal arm of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 200 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752853" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">4C</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae in distal arm of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 100 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752854" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Pair of podial basins on oral side moderate in size (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Vertebrae in basal arm of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 200 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752853" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">4C</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae in distal arm of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 100 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752854" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5C</figureCitation>
|
|
). Aboral side of each arm vertebra with longitudinal aboral groove, moderately depressed (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Vertebrae in basal arm of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 200 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752853" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">4D</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae in distal arm of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 100 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752854" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Lateral furrow of vertebrae declining obliquely from aboral to oral side (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Vertebrae in basal arm of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 200 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752853" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">4E-F</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Vertebrae in distal arm of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A proximal view B distal view C oral view D aboral view E, F lateral view. Abbreviations: PB podial basin; LF lateral furrow. Scale bars: 100 μm (A-F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752854" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">5E-F</figureCitation>
|
|
). Lateral arm plates crescent-shaped, each associated with one or two arm spines and spine articulations with nerve and muscle opening separated. Spine articulation bulges outward (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Lateral arm plates and arm spines of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A, B lateral arm plates from proximal arm, outer view (A), inner view (B) C, D lateral arm plates from distal arm, outer view (C), inner view (D) E, F arm spines from proximal (E) and distal arm (F). Abbreviations: MO muscle opening; NO nerve opening; R ridge. Scale bars: 200 μm (E); 100 μm (F); 90 μm (A, B); 60 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752855" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6A, C</figureCitation>
|
|
). A ridge on inner side of lateral arm plate, parallel to proximal edge (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Lateral arm plates and arm spines of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A, B lateral arm plates from proximal arm, outer view (A), inner view (B) C, D lateral arm plates from distal arm, outer view (C), inner view (D) E, F arm spines from proximal (E) and distal arm (F). Abbreviations: MO muscle opening; NO nerve opening; R ridge. Scale bars: 200 μm (E); 100 μm (F); 90 μm (A, B); 60 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752855" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6B, D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Arm spines cylindrical, never hooked, bearing fine thorns at tip throughout arms (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3F</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Lateral arm plates and arm spines of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A, B lateral arm plates from proximal arm, outer view (A), inner view (B) C, D lateral arm plates from distal arm, outer view (C), inner view (D) E, F arm spines from proximal (E) and distal arm (F). Abbreviations: MO muscle opening; NO nerve opening; R ridge. Scale bars: 200 μm (E); 100 μm (F); 90 μm (A, B); 60 μm (C, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752855" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">6E-F</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752853" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
|
Vertebrae in basal arm of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xie & Lu & Pang & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia duospina" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duospina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia duospina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO61068)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
|
proximal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
|
distal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
|
oral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
|
aboral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, F</emphasis>
|
|
lateral view. Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">PB</emphasis>
|
|
podial basin;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">LF</emphasis>
|
|
lateral furrow. Scale bars: 200
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A-F</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752854" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
Vertebrae in distal arm of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xie & Lu & Pang & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia duospina" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duospina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia duospina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO61068)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
|
proximal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
|
distal view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
|
oral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
|
aboral view
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, F</emphasis>
|
|
lateral view. Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">PB</emphasis>
|
|
podial basin;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">LF</emphasis>
|
|
lateral furrow. Scale bars: 100
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A-F</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752855" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Lateral arm plates and arm spines of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xie & Lu & Pang & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia duospina" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duospina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia duospina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO61068)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
lateral arm plates from proximal arm, outer view (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
|
), inner view (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, D</emphasis>
|
|
lateral arm plates from distal arm, outer view (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
|
), inner view (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E, F</emphasis>
|
|
arm spines from proximal (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
|
|
) and distal arm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
|
|
). Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">MO</emphasis>
|
|
muscle opening;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">NO</emphasis>
|
|
nerve opening;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">R</emphasis>
|
|
ridge. Scale bars: 200
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
|
|
); 100
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
|
|
); 90
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, B</emphasis>
|
|
); 60
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
|
(
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, D</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description of paratypes.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Two paratypes (RSIO31004, RSIO61069) share the same morphological characteristics as the holotype, disc diameter 10.17 and 13.94 mm, about 1/10 and 1/9 as wide as the length of the arms, respectively. However, the radial shields of RSIO31004 are shorter than the radial shields of the holotype and of</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
RSIO61069 (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Morphological characters of paratypes of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. A arm spines of RSIO 31004 B arm spines of RSIO 61069 C-E pictures of RSIO 59012, oral disc (C), aboral disc (D), arm and arm spines (E) F aboral disc of RSIO 31004. These specimens have exceptionally three arm spines for an arm segment (shown by an arc in A and B). Abbreviations: AS arm spine; T teeth; PO plate-shaped ossicle; GS genital slit; G gonad; RS radial shield. Scale bars: 2 mm (F); 1 mm (C, E); 0.5 mm (A, B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752856" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">7F</figureCitation>
|
|
). Three arm spines exceptionally occurred only once in both paratypes (RSIO31004 and RSIO61069), the innermost arm spine of RSIO61069 is the longest and the stoutest, while the middle arm spine of RSIO31004 is the stoutest. (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Morphological characters of paratypes of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. A arm spines of RSIO 31004 B arm spines of RSIO 61069 C-E pictures of RSIO 59012, oral disc (C), aboral disc (D), arm and arm spines (E) F aboral disc of RSIO 31004. These specimens have exceptionally three arm spines for an arm segment (shown by an arc in A and B). Abbreviations: AS arm spine; T teeth; PO plate-shaped ossicle; GS genital slit; G gonad; RS radial shield. Scale bars: 2 mm (F); 1 mm (C, E); 0.5 mm (A, B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752856" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
). The other paratype (RSIO59012) is smaller, only 6 mm in disc diameter, about 1/3 as wide as the length of the arms and may be a juvenile of this species. The radial shields and the genital silts are much shorter than in the other three specimens (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Morphological characters of paratypes of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. A arm spines of RSIO 31004 B arm spines of RSIO 61069 C-E pictures of RSIO 59012, oral disc (C), aboral disc (D), arm and arm spines (E) F aboral disc of RSIO 31004. These specimens have exceptionally three arm spines for an arm segment (shown by an arc in A and B). Abbreviations: AS arm spine; T teeth; PO plate-shaped ossicle; GS genital slit; G gonad; RS radial shield. Scale bars: 2 mm (F); 1 mm (C, E); 0.5 mm (A, B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752856" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">7C, D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Likewise, the arm spines are shorter than one segment (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Morphological characters of paratypes of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. A arm spines of RSIO 31004 B arm spines of RSIO 61069 C-E pictures of RSIO 59012, oral disc (C), aboral disc (D), arm and arm spines (E) F aboral disc of RSIO 31004. These specimens have exceptionally three arm spines for an arm segment (shown by an arc in A and B). Abbreviations: AS arm spine; T teeth; PO plate-shaped ossicle; GS genital slit; G gonad; RS radial shield. Scale bars: 2 mm (F); 1 mm (C, E); 0.5 mm (A, B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752856" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">7E</figureCitation>
|
|
)
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752856" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
|
Morphological characters of paratypes of
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xie & Lu & Pang & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia duospina" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duospina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia duospina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov.
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
|
|
arm spines of RSIO31004
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
|
|
arm spines of RSIO61069
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C-E</emphasis>
|
|
pictures of RSIO59012, oral disc (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
|
|
), aboral disc (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
|
|
), arm and arm spines (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
|
|
)
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
|
|
aboral disc of RSIO31004. These specimens have exceptionally three arm spines for an arm segment (shown by an arc in A and B). Abbreviations:
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">AS</emphasis>
|
|
arm spine;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">T</emphasis>
|
|
teeth;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">PO</emphasis>
|
|
plate-shaped ossicle;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">GS</emphasis>
|
|
genital slit;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
|
|
gonad;
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">RS</emphasis>
|
|
radial shield. Scale bars: 2 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F</emphasis>
|
|
); 1 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C, E</emphasis>
|
|
); 0.5 mm (
|
|
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A, B, D</emphasis>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
The species name
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">duo</emphasis>
|
|
is derived from the Latin numeral word, meaning two, and Latin feminine noun,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">spina</emphasis>
|
|
, meaning spine, referring to the presence of no more than two arm spines throughout the arm.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
This new species falls within the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by only possessing cylindrical unhooked arm spines. The new species resembles
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lyman" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia abyssicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
mostly by having plate-shaped external ossicles on the aboral disc and crescent-shaped lateral arm plates. However, the oral papillae are indistinct or underdeveloped in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xie & Lu & Pang & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia duospina" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duospina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia duospina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which can be used to distinguish the two species from each other (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3D</figureCitation>
|
|
). Moreover, the genital slits are very short in
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Lyman" baseAuthorityYear="1879" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia abyssicola" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="abyssicola">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia abyssicola</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, which are only one-fifth of the height of the disc, while
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xie & Lu & Pang & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia duospina" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duospina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia duospina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
has larger genital slits, being longer than one-fourth the height of the disc (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xie & Lu & Pang & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia duospina" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duospina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia duospina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can easily be distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. plana" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="plana">A. plana</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. excavata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="excavata">A. excavata</taxonomicName>
|
|
by external ossicles and lateral arm plates. External ossicles are plate-shaped on the aboral surface of the disc in
|
|
<taxonomicName authorityName="Xie & Lu & Pang & Zhang" authorityYear="2022" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia duospina" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="duospina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia duospina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
), but are absent in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. plana" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="plana">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A. plana</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Lateral arm plates are not projecting in the new species (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3E</figureCitation>
|
|
), but are distinctly projecting from the oral surface of the arm in
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. excavata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="excavata">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A. excavata</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Additionally, the new species differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tenuispina" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A. tenuispina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having distinctly smaller genital slits (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Morphological characters of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. (holotype: RSIO 61068) A aboral view of the disc B periphery of the aboral disc C oral view of the disc D genital silts E aboral view of the arms F arms spines. Abbreviations: RS radial shield; PO plate-shaped ossicle; M madreporite; T teeth; OT oral tentacle; GS genital slit; G gonad; LAP lateral arm plate; AS arm spine. Scale bars: 2 mm (A, C, E); 1 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (F)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752852" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">3C</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Morphological characters of paratypes of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. A arm spines of RSIO 31004 B arm spines of RSIO 61069 C-E pictures of RSIO 59012, oral disc (C), aboral disc (D), arm and arm spines (E) F aboral disc of RSIO 31004. These specimens have exceptionally three arm spines for an arm segment (shown by an arc in A and B). Abbreviations: AS arm spine; T teeth; PO plate-shaped ossicle; GS genital slit; G gonad; RS radial shield. Scale bars: 2 mm (F); 1 mm (C, E); 0.5 mm (A, B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752856" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">7C</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
|
|
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1884" class="Ophiuroidea" family="Asteronychidae" genus="Astrodia" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Astrodia tenuispina" order="Euryalida" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Astrodia tenuispina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is a widely distributed species and was characterized by having slender unhooked arm spines, small and short oral papillae, separated genital slits (
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-28.165.213" author="Verrill, AE" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="213 - 220" refId="B20" refString="Verrill, AE, 1884. Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the outer banks off the southern Coast of New England. American Journal of Science 28 (165): 213 - 220, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-28.165.213" title="Notice of the remarkable marine fauna occupying the outer banks off the southern Coast of New England." url="https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.s3-28.165.213" volume="28" year="1884">Verrill 1884</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.10423763" author="Baker, AN" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="11 - 83" refId="B1" refString="Baker, AN, 1980. Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the south-west Pacific Ocean. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 7 (1): 11 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.10423763" title="Euryalinid Ophiuroidea (Echinodermata) from Australia, New Zealand, and the south-west Pacific Ocean." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1980.10423763" volume="7" year="1980">Baker (1980)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
compared specimens from south of Australia and the northwest Atlantic, described this species with 2 or 3 arm spines, and imbricating punctate scales on the disc surface.
|
|
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001331" author="Okanishi, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="187 - 201" refId="B14" refString="Okanishi, M, Fujita, T, 2014. A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodia (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteronychidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94 (1): 187 - 201, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001331" title="A taxonomic review of the genus Astrodia (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Asteronychidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315413001331" volume="94" year="2014">Okanishi and Fujita (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
redescribed this species as with plate-shaped external ossicles on the periphery of the aboral disc, granule-shaped on the central disc, genital slits half of the height of the disc, lateral arm plates not projecting. According to these descriptions,
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. duospina" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="duospina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A. duospina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov. can be differentiated from
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="A. tenuispina" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="species" species="tenuispina">
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A. tenuispina</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having smaller genital slits and indistinct oral papillae. Furthermore, in two of the three large specimens of the new species, three arm spines were observed exceptionally at one arm segment (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Morphological characters of paratypes of Astrodia duospina sp. nov. A arm spines of RSIO 31004 B arm spines of RSIO 61069 C-E pictures of RSIO 59012, oral disc (C), aboral disc (D), arm and arm spines (E) F aboral disc of RSIO 31004. These specimens have exceptionally three arm spines for an arm segment (shown by an arc in A and B). Abbreviations: AS arm spine; T teeth; PO plate-shaped ossicle; GS genital slit; G gonad; RS radial shield. Scale bars: 2 mm (F); 1 mm (C, E); 0.5 mm (A, B, D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1123.87397.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/752856" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">7A, B</figureCitation>
|
|
), while the other three species possess three arm spines at several successive segments in the middle part of the arms. Since only a small number of specimens were examined, this characteristic was not used to distinguish the new species from its congeners, and more specimens should be examined before a robust result can be achieved.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |