123 lines
17 KiB
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123 lines
17 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="0CAF3AABEC02749676C18D226543A7BD">Nesting Biologies and Immature Stages of the Tapinotaspidine Bee Genera Monoeca and Lanthanomelissa and of Their Osirine Cleptoparasites Protosiris and Parepeolus (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="194B331A8CF38914EA835CD31E6B3872">ROZEN, JEROME G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="29F1BA59F6D7BE16A524D37811D9FA2F">MELO, GABRIEL A. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EF24E72AB38F97C58672FE99061F80D2">AGUIAR, ANTÔNIO JOSÉ CAMILLO</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D38068271ABCD0BBFC704EAF9F45EAF3">ALVES-DOS-SANTOS, ISABEL</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DF4561860962E29C557D4F06B5FA2194">American Museum Novitates</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="991C88DD80B6245DE4E4759D8F899623">2006</mods:date>
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<treatment id="C56787D82F14FFD5FD7EFB79FD78FB1A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5648287" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190007368" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5648287" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C56787D82F14FFD5FD7EFB79FD78FB1A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C56787D82F14FFD5FD7EFB79FD78FB1A" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="05D465452F14FFDAFD7EFB79FBC2FB77" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4D7136CE2F14FFDAFD7EFB79FBC2FB77" blockId="55.[702,1224,1220,1272]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Key to the Large Species of
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<taxonomicName id="8ACE4D4D2F14FFDAFBD9FB79FB71FB54" ID-CoL="63D5D" box="[1049,1157,1220,1243]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Monoeca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7FBAEADC2F14FFDAFBD9FB79FB71FB54" box="[1049,1157,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Monoeca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from Southeastern
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<collectingCountry id="35D9765E2F14FFDAFC2FFB5CFBC2FB77" box="[1007,1078,1249,1272]" name="Brazil" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="05D465452F14FFD5FD08FAB0FD78FB1A" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="key">
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<paragraph id="4D7136CE2F14FFD5FD08FAB0FD78FEAA" blockId="55.[712,1227,1293,1741]" lastBlockId="56.[137,653,192,1173]" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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1. Wing membrane darkly infumated. Lateral portion of tergum 2 and entire terga 3 and 4 densely covered with simple dark setae, discs not distinctly different from marginal zones, except for short lateral bands of plumose dark setae on T3–T4 (
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<figureCitation id="D5F52A4B2F14FFDAFBE4FA2EFB9BFA27" box="[1060,1135,1427,1448]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[149,187,1689,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-10@7.[126,1227,187,1669]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 1. Nesting site of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, showing dense ground cover in foreground. Fig. 2. Closeup of two nest entrances of same. Fig. 3. Main burrow of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis showing repetitive tamping impressions on shiny burrow wall. Fig. 4. Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, spiral inner surface of cell closure. Figs. 5, 6. Closure ends of cells of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, showing plugged entrance holes made by females of Protosiris gigas; holes are filled by them as they depart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5648278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5648278/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">fig. A3</figureCitation>
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). Simple setae on mesoscutum about as long as plumose setae. Female: medial portion of clypeus entirely punctured, except for a narrow basal stripe....
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<taxonomicName id="8ACE4D4D2F14FFDAFC08FA43FBB4F99C" ID-CoL="4472K" box="[968,1088,1534,1555]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Monoeca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="xanthopyga">
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<emphasis id="7FBAEADC2F14FFDAFC08FA43FBB4F99C" box="[968,1088,1534,1555]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">xanthopyga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Parana´,
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<collectingRegion id="8F0AF82C2F14FFDAFB66FA40FBEAF9A2" country="Brazil" name="Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Rio Grande do Sul</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="8F0AF82C2F14FFDAFBEAF9A5FB30F9A2" box="[1066,1220,1560,1581]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
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) — Wing membrane with a yellow tint. Marginal zones of T2–T4 with distinct bands of plumose setae, usually pale yellow (sometimes black), setae on tergal discs distinctly shorter compared to those on marginal zones (
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<figureCitation id="D5F52A4B2F14FFDAFC91F905FC23F942" box="[849,983,1720,1741]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[149,187,1689,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-10@7.[126,1227,187,1669]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 1. Nesting site of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, showing dense ground cover in foreground. Fig. 2. Closeup of two nest entrances of same. Fig. 3. Main burrow of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis showing repetitive tamping impressions on shiny burrow wall. Fig. 4. Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, spiral inner surface of cell closure. Figs. 5, 6. Closure ends of cells of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, showing plugged entrance holes made by females of Protosiris gigas; holes are filled by them as they depart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5648278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5648278/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">figs. A1, A5</figureCitation>
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). Female: a few simple setae on the mesoscutum distinctly longer than plumose pubescence; medial portion of clypeus with a narrow longitudinal stripe without punctures............ 2
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D7136CE2F1BFFD5FF49FE96FD79FC8A" blockId="56.[137,653,192,1173]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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2. Marginal zones of T2–T4 only weakly depressed in relation to discs laterally (
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<figureCitation id="D5F52A4B2F1BFFD5FDA9FEF8FF1FFEFA" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[149,187,1689,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-10@7.[126,1227,187,1669]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 1. Nesting site of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, showing dense ground cover in foreground. Fig. 2. Closeup of two nest entrances of same. Fig. 3. Main burrow of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis showing repetitive tamping impressions on shiny burrow wall. Fig. 4. Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, spiral inner surface of cell closure. Figs. 5, 6. Closure ends of cells of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, showing plugged entrance holes made by females of Protosiris gigas; holes are filled by them as they depart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5648278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5648278/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">fig. A1</figureCitation>
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). Pubescence on lateral portions of discs of T3–T4 not particularly sparser than on T2, except on T4 of a few males with weakly pubescent terga. Female: last three metasomal terga usually with integument bright reddish brown (rarely dark brown); clypeus with only a medial longitudinal depression or at most with a faint ridge; punctures on disc of tergum 2 almost reaching center of sclerite. Male: sternal pads less developed and occupying less than threefourths of the sclerite width, tips of setae of posterior fringe not meeting in the middle portion of sclerite (
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<figureCitation id="D5F52A4B2F1BFFD5FF10FD68FEE9FD65" box="[208,285,725,746]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[149,187,1689,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-10@7.[126,1227,187,1669]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 1. Nesting site of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, showing dense ground cover in foreground. Fig. 2. Closeup of two nest entrances of same. Fig. 3. Main burrow of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis showing repetitive tamping impressions on shiny burrow wall. Fig. 4. Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, spiral inner surface of cell closure. Figs. 5, 6. Closure ends of cells of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, showing plugged entrance holes made by females of Protosiris gigas; holes are filled by them as they depart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5648278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5648278/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">fig. A2</figureCitation>
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).....
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<taxonomicName id="8ACE4D4D2F1BFFD5FEBFFD6BFDD9FD64" ID-CoL="44729" baseAuthorityName="Smith" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[383,557,726,747]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Monoeca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="haemorrhoidalis">
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<emphasis id="7FBAEADC2F1BFFD5FEBFFD6BFDD9FD64" box="[383,557,726,747]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">haemorrhoidalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(Parana´,
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<collectingRegion id="8F0AF82C2F1BFFD5FF0EFD4DFE92FC8A" box="[206,358,752,773]" country="Brazil" name="Rio de Janeiro" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Rio de Janeiro</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="8F0AF82C2F1BFFD5FEB3FD4DFDFAFC8A" box="[371,526,752,773]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="8F0AF82C2F1BFFD5FDDBFD4DFD72FC8A" box="[539,646,752,773]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D7136CE2F1BFFD5FF49FCB6FD78FB1A" blockId="56.[137,653,192,1173]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
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— Marginal zones of T2–T4 distinctly depressed in relation to discs laterally (
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<figureCitation id="D5F52A4B2F1BFFD5FDA9FC98FF18FCDA" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[149,187,1689,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-10@7.[126,1227,187,1669]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 1. Nesting site of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, showing dense ground cover in foreground. Fig. 2. Closeup of two nest entrances of same. Fig. 3. Main burrow of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis showing repetitive tamping impressions on shiny burrow wall. Fig. 4. Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, spiral inner surface of cell closure. Figs. 5, 6. Closure ends of cells of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, showing plugged entrance holes made by females of Protosiris gigas; holes are filled by them as they depart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5648278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5648278/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">fig. A5</figureCitation>
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). Pubescence on lateral portion of discs of T3–T4 distinctly sparser than on T2. Female: metasomal terga with a dark brown to black integument; clypeus with a weak, but distinct, medial longitudinal ridge; central onethird of tergum 2 almost impunctate. Male: sternal pads strongly developed and occupying over threefourths of the sclerite widths, setae of posterior fringe distinctly long, their tips meeting in the middle portion of sclerite (
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<figureCitation id="D5F52A4B2F1BFFD5FDF1FBF6FD71FBEF" box="[561,645,1099,1120]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="7.[149,187,1689,1710]" captionTargetId="figure-10@7.[126,1227,187,1669]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Fig. 1. Nesting site of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, showing dense ground cover in foreground. Fig. 2. Closeup of two nest entrances of same. Fig. 3. Main burrow of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis showing repetitive tamping impressions on shiny burrow wall. Fig. 4. Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, spiral inner surface of cell closure. Figs. 5, 6. Closure ends of cells of Monoeca haemorrhoidalis, showing plugged entrance holes made by females of Protosiris gigas; holes are filled by them as they depart." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5648278" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5648278/files/figure.png" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">fig. A6</figureCitation>
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)
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<taxonomicName id="8ACE4D4D2F1BFFD5FF09FBDBFEC1FBF4" ID-CoL="4BQC7" authorityName="Friese. The" authorityYear="1904" box="[201,309,1126,1147]" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pachycentris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schrottkyi">
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<emphasis id="7FBAEADC2F1BFFD5FF09FBDBFEC1FBF4" box="[201,309,1126,1147]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">schrottkyi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.................. (Parana´,
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<collectingRegion id="8F0AF82C2F1BFFD5FEADFB3DFDFFFB1A" box="[365,523,1152,1173]" country="Brazil" name="Santa Catarina" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Santa Catarina</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="8F0AF82C2F1BFFD5FDD8FB3DFD71FB1A" box="[536,645,1152,1173]" country="Brazil" name="Sao Paulo" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">São Paulo</collectingRegion>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |