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<document id="BB3E002BBAD150B595098153F994E002" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2016.1245680" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883052" ID-ZooBank="3EBCAEF3-27C2-4216-9F18-89F195FA534F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1711483395715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Foster, William J., Danise, Silvia &amp; Twitchett, Richard J." docDate="2017" docId="C53B0B4D805EE8246DFCFAF78F8327B0" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.15.10.851-877.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 15 (10)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2016.1245680" docStyle="DocumentStyle:602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545.2:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Neoschizodus laevigatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="865" masterDocId="390273358050E82B6D0FFFE98D67263C" masterDocTitle="A silicified Early Triassic marine assemblage from Svalbard" masterLastPageNumber="877" masterPageNumber="851" pageNumber="864" updateTime="1711483788606" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="E2910FCB973EDA131B269FFEC639F471">A silicified Early Triassic marine assemblage from Svalbard</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2B0BD246FDE661ABC1F5C38F79D2D1E1" type="personal">
<mods:role id="3D7755FDBA7876C5B70627D705C2B5BF">
<mods:roleTerm id="C68E2241BCEE6A32DF558D269E51767A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="46E2130398D580CE27CBB5086C5ECCC6">Foster, William J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B17C2D1DAC22ACB61A07232738605C1B">Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; &amp; Earth Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL 4 8 AA, UK; &amp; Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW 7 5 BD, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="31623053BA61284F6ADEB05641780102">Danise, Silvia</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="70AE501545210225AA006A7D77A04B01">Earth Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL 4 8 AA, UK; &amp; Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="76EC65069BF0DBA801538549DCC3AC32">Twitchett, Richard J.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F3FF5D5597B7E36D5AF287C1F4E11DE2">Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW 7 5 BD, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="A6D2F51C5854F59CDE896B3287FA3C35">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="7420EB86DDF4640BD1D3E014510DD3F5">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7FDF44A95EA35C6492A806F6248DC68A">2016-11-10</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="E6B49488F986A0948AB9B397268D4EF0" type="DOI">10.1080/14772019.2016.1245680</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="67C505D133300FBAA2F6E72A7A585AD4" type="ISSN">1478-0941</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="C53B0B4D805EE8246DFCFAF78F8327B0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C53B0B4D805EE8246DFCFAF78F8327B0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C53B0B4D805EE8246DFCFAF78F8327B0" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="865" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">
<subSubSection id="0588E9D0805EE8256DFCFAF78FDD230A" box="[243,698,1310,1334]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B805EE8256DFCFAF78FDD230A" blockId="14.[243,698,1310,1365]" box="[243,698,1310,1334]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">
<heading id="16650D37805EE8256DFCFAF78FDD230A" box="[243,698,1310,1334]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D8805EE8256DFCFAF78FDD230A" ID-CoL="7SBD8" authority="(Goldfuss, 1837)" baseAuthorityName="Goldfuss" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[243,698,1310,1334]" class="Bivalvia" family="Myophoriidae" genus="Neoschizodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trigoniida" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="laevigatus">
<emphasis id="7FE66649805EE8256DFCFAF78C98230A" bold="true" box="[243,511,1310,1334]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">Neoschizodus laevigatus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA805EE8256F02FAF68FD7230A" author="Goldfuss, G. A." box="[525,688,1311,1334]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" refId="ref17685" refString="Goldfuss, G. A. 1837. Petrefacta Germaniae tam ea, quae in museo universitatis regiae Borussicae Fridericae Wilhelmiae Rhenanae servantur quam alia quaecunque in museis Hoeninghusino, Muensteriano aliisque extant, iconibus et descriptionibus illustrata. Verlag lithographische Anstalt Arnz and Co, Dusseldorf, 312 pp." type="book" year="1837">Goldfuss, 1837</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0588E9D0805EE8256CA1FAD78C992369" box="[430,510,1342,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="description">
<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B805EE8256CA1FAD78C992369" blockId="14.[243,698,1310,1365]" box="[430,510,1342,1365]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">
(
<figureCitation id="D5A9A6DE805EE8256CB8FAD78C922369" box="[439,501,1342,1365]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[159,227,969,990]" captionTargetBox="[175,1452,183,936]" captionTargetId="figure-380@14.[175,1452,183,937]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Neoschizodus laevigatus (Goldfuss, 1837). A, NHMUK PI MB 1251, external view, left valve; B–G, J, larval shells; B, NHMUK PI MB 1256, external view, right valve; C, NHMUK PI MB 1259, external view, left valve; D, NHMUK PI MB 1257, external view, right valve; E, NHMUK PI MB 1260, internal view, left valve; F, NHMUK PI MB 1258, internal view, left valve; G, NHMUK PI MB 1255, internal view, right valve; H, I, beak of adult specimen, NHMUK PI MB 1251; J, hinge plate of a larval shell, NHMUK PI MB 1260. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–G, I = 200 µm; H = 1 mm; J = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883074/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0588E9D0805EE8256D90FA958FC020CD" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B805EE8256D90FA958FC020CD" blockId="14.[159,781,1404,1777]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">
<emphasis id="7FE66649805EE8256D90FA958C6D23AF" bold="true" box="[159,266,1404,1427]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">Material.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="FDFAB006805EE8256C17FA958CB623EE" collectionCode="NHMUK, PI" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" specimenCode="MB 1251" specimenCount="5">
<specimenCount id="5B9471D2805EE8256C17FA958CD923AF" box="[280,446,1404,1427]" count="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="generic">Five specimens</specimenCount>
from LD-04 (
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256F58FA958FDA23AF" box="[599,701,1404,1427]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256FCAFA958FBA23AF" box="[709,733,1404,1427]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">PI</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="1D341220805EE8256FEBFA958DB0238E" collectionCode="MB" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">MB 1251</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256DE7FA728C2B238E" box="[232,332,1435,1458]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5489;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256F0EFA728F02238E" box="[513,613,1435,1458]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5519;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256D90FA528C6423EE" box="[159,259,1467,1490]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5522), and
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="FDFAB006805EE8256CD6FA528FC420CD" collectionCode="NHMUK, PI" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" specimenCode="PEI 5476-5477, MB 1252, MB 1254, MB 1255-1260, MB 1253" specimenCount="8">
<specimenCount id="5B9471D2805EE8256CD6FA528FE323EE" box="[473,644,1467,1490]" count="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="generic">eight specimens</specimenCount>
from LD-05 (
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256DA9FA328C6B23CE" box="[166,268,1499,1522]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE
<specimenCode id="1D341220805EE8256C4CFA328C9523CE" box="[323,498,1499,1522]" collectionCode="PEI" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:12561" name="Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Herbarium">PEI 5476–5477</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256F0DFA328F0123CE" box="[514,614,1499,1522]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5499;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256D90FA128C64202E" box="[159,259,1531,1554]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5501;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256CABFA128F6F202E" box="[420,520,1531,1554]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5518;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256FA6FA128E6A202E" box="[681,781,1531,1554]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5521). Fifty-nine prodissoconch valves from LD-04 (
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256DDDF9D28C5F206E" box="[210,312,1595,1618]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256C46F9D28C06206E" box="[329,353,1595,1618]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">PI</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="1D341220805EE8256C7EF9D28C84206E" box="[369,483,1595,1618]" collectionCode="MB" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">MB 1252</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256CF6F9D28F3A206E" box="[505,605,1595,1618]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256F61F9D28FE1206E" box="[622,646,1595,1618]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">PI</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="1D341220805EE8256F99F9D28E6F206E" box="[662,776,1595,1618]" collectionCode="MB" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">MB 1254</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256D90F9B28C64204E" box="[159,259,1627,1650]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256C1EF9B28C4E204E" box="[273,297,1627,1650]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">PI</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="1D341220805EE8256C38F9B28C8D204E" box="[311,490,1627,1650]" collectionCode="MB" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">MB 1255–1260</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256CF4F9B28F38204E" box="[507,607,1627,1650]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5480;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256D90F9928C6420AE" box="[159,259,1659,1682]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5484;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256CABF9928F6F20AE" box="[420,520,1659,1682]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5486;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256FA6F9928E6A20AE" box="[681,781,1659,1682]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5511;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256C4FF9738CC3208D" box="[320,420,1690,1713]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5513;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256F40F9738FD4208D" box="[591,691,1690,1713]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5520), and 14 prodissoconch valves from LD-05 (
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256DA9F9338C6B20CD" box="[166,268,1754,1777]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256C1CF9338C4C20CD" box="[275,299,1754,1777]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">PI</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="1D341220805EE8256C3EF9338CFF20CD" box="[305,408,1754,1777]" collectionCode="MB" country="Portugal" name="Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocage" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">MB 1253</specimenCode>
;
<collectionCode id="2B83229E805EE8256CABF9338F6F20CD" box="[420,520,1754,1777]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
PE PEI 5514)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0588E9D0805EE8256D90F8FE892923AC" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="description">
<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B805EE8256D90F8FE899022CC" blockId="14.[159,781,1815,1934]" lastBlockId="14.[845,1467,1146,1424]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">
<emphasis id="7FE66649805EE8256D90F8FE8C4D2112" bold="true" box="[159,298,1815,1838]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">Description.</emphasis>
Shell is trigonally subovate, equivalve, inflated below the umbo, inequilateral, slightly higher than long. Umbo is small and orthogyrate, with an elevated, subangular to rounded, umbonal ridge. Indistinct posterior ridge. Anterodorsal margin recurvate, passing to widely arched ventral margin, posterodorsal margin straight, entire inner margin smooth. Smooth sculpture except for faint concentric growth lines.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B805EE8256E68FB10892923AC" blockId="14.[845,1467,1146,1424]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">The larval shells have a similar external morphology to the adult shells, with a short and subumbonal hinge and short, narrow nymphs running down the anterior and posterior margins. The prodissoconch is smooth with fine concentric growth lines.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0588E9D0805EE8246E42FA508F8327B0" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="865" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B805EE8256E42FA50882520B3" blockId="14.[845,1467,1465,1934]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">
<emphasis id="7FE66649805EE8256E42FA508EDC23EC" bold="true" box="[845,955,1465,1488]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D8805EE8256EC5FA5089BC23EC" baseAuthorityName="Goldfuss" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[970,1243,1465,1488]" class="Bivalvia" family="Myophoriidae" genus="Neoschizodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trigoniida" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="laevigatus">
<emphasis id="7FE66649805EE8256EC5FA5089BC23EC" box="[970,1243,1465,1488]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">Neoschizodus laevigatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a cosmopolitan Early and Middle Triassic species with high variability in its morphological characters. The shell shape and indistinct posterior ridge mean that the present specimens agree with the characters of
<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D8805EE8256997F9D1884D2073" baseAuthorityName="Goldfuss" baseAuthorityYear="1837" box="[1176,1322,1592,1615]" class="Bivalvia" family="Myophoriidae" genus="Neoschizodus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trigoniida" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="laevigatus">
<emphasis id="7FE66649805EE8256997F9D1884D2073" box="[1176,1322,1592,1615]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">N. laevigatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and similar specimens identified from the Early Triassic (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA805EE825687FF9B1895920B3" author="Kumagae, T. &amp; Nakazawa, K." pageId="14" pageNumber="864" pagination="156 - 172" refId="ref19353" refString="Kumagae, T. &amp; Nakazawa, K. 2009. Bivalves. National Museum of Nature and Science Monographs, 38, 156 - 172." type="journal article" year="2009">Kumagae &amp; Nakazawa 2009</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA805EE8256943F991885520B3" author="Hautmann, M. &amp; Bucher, H. &amp; Goudemand, N. &amp; Kaim, A." box="[1100,1330,1656,1679]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864" pagination="71 - 85" refId="ref18183" refString="Hautmann, M., Bucher, H., Bruhwiler ¨, T., Goudemand, N., Kaim, A. &amp; N ¨ utzel, A. 2011. An unusually diverse mollusc fauna from the earliest Triassic of South China and its implications for benthic recovery after the end-Permian biotic crisis. Geobios, 44, 71 - 85." type="journal article" year="2011">
Hautmann
<emphasis id="7FE66649805EE82569CDF991899020B3" box="[1218,1271,1656,1679]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B805EE8256E68F97188DC2093" blockId="14.[845,1467,1465,1934]" box="[871,1467,1688,1711]" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">One of the adult specimens preserves a prodissoconch</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B805EE8246E42F9518F6C2708" blockId="14.[845,1467,1465,1934]" lastBlockId="15.[159,781,189,308]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="865" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">
(
<figureCitation id="D5A9A6DE805EE8256E59F9518EC520F3" box="[854,930,1720,1743]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="14.[159,227,969,990]" captionTargetBox="[175,1452,183,936]" captionTargetId="figure-380@14.[175,1452,183,937]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 9. Neoschizodus laevigatus (Goldfuss, 1837). A, NHMUK PI MB 1251, external view, left valve; B–G, J, larval shells; B, NHMUK PI MB 1256, external view, right valve; C, NHMUK PI MB 1259, external view, left valve; D, NHMUK PI MB 1257, external view, right valve; E, NHMUK PI MB 1260, internal view, left valve; F, NHMUK PI MB 1258, internal view, left valve; G, NHMUK PI MB 1255, internal view, right valve; H, I, beak of adult specimen, NHMUK PI MB 1251; J, hinge plate of a larval shell, NHMUK PI MB 1260. Scale bars: A = 2 mm; B–G, I = 200 µm; H = 1 mm; J = 50 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883074" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883074/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="864">Fig. 9I</figureCitation>
) and its morphology is identical to that of the other prodissoconchs that were found as isolated specimens. The hinge plate of the prodissoconchs was not observed to be myophorian – instead the hinge dentition is typical of a taxodont – but it is not known how a myophorian hinge plate develops through ontogeny (
<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA805EE825685EF8BE8EA221B2" author="Newell, N. D. &amp; Boyd, D. W." pageId="14" pageNumber="864" pagination="1 - 158" refId="ref20183" refString="Newell, N. D. &amp; Boyd, D. W. 1975. Parallel evolution in early Trigoniacean bivalves. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 154, 1 - 158." type="journal article" year="1975">Newell &amp; Boyd 1975</bibRefCitation>
). Hautmann &amp; Nutzel (2005) suggested that, in bivalves, the presence of a small prodissoconch I and a relatively large prodissoconch II indicates a planktotrophic larval stage. Therefore, a planktotrophic larval stage is interpreted for these specimens.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B805FE8246D90FEBC8F8327B0" blockId="15.[159,781,341,396]" pageId="15" pageNumber="865">
<emphasis id="7FE66649805FE8246D90FEBC8C232750" bold="true" box="[159,324,341,364]" pageId="15" pageNumber="865">Mode of life.</emphasis>
Shallow infaunal, facultatively motile, unattached, suspension feeder (
<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA805FE8246CE3FE9C8FB327B0" author="Hautmann, M. &amp; Smith, A. B. &amp; McGowan, A. J. &amp; Bucher, H." box="[492,724,373,396]" pageId="15" pageNumber="865" pagination="263 - 293" refId="ref18130" refString="Hautmann, M., Smith, A. B., McGowan, A. J. &amp; Bucher, H. 2013. Bivalves from the Olenekian (Early Triassic) of southwestern Utah: systematics and evolutionary significance. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology, 11, 263 - 293." type="journal article" year="2013">
Hautmann
<emphasis id="7FE66649805FE8246F6CFE9C8FFE27B0" box="[611,665,373,396]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="865">et al.</emphasis>
2013
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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