167 lines
21 KiB
XML
167 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="19164BB7FD8263B10596A4FEF18A2B01" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2016.1245680" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883052" ID-ZooBank="3EBCAEF3-27C2-4216-9F18-89F195FA534F" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="diego" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711483395715" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Foster, William J., Danise, Silvia & Twitchett, Richard J." docDate="2017" docId="C53B0B4D8041E8396E70F9B9899222AD" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.15.10.851-877.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 15 (10)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2016.1245680" docStyle="DocumentStyle:602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545.3:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Pseudozygopleuridae Knight 1930" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" lastPageNumber="868" masterDocId="390273358050E82B6D0FFFE98D67263C" masterDocTitle="A silicified Early Triassic marine assemblage from Svalbard" masterLastPageNumber="877" masterPageNumber="851" pageNumber="867" updateTime="1711980974004" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="15D3FAA92EA6179B485FB1C853AE8BA3">
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<mods:title id="164EC54952CE295C95DD4ED4912386A2">A silicified Early Triassic marine assemblage from Svalbard</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="3FC0FDC65F25446515B37E15ABB99FA3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="64540DD3AE0BF7303623EBA9AB45642A">Foster, William J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="77AC54E064E5E8B96C33D0368A76F6FF">Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA; & Earth Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL 4 8 AA, UK; & Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW 7 5 BD, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="834DE0E6B5FB22E9E705FF666D3CBC08">Danise, Silvia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FB882F17974F7CDC5E3C3570CA03D40F">Earth Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL 4 8 AA, UK; & Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="A7750350C32061FA9B3DA08C2C658777">Twitchett, Richard J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="17D6CCB64039E7F7A992A9C6A96DC0D5">Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW 7 5 BD, UK;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="7B6B84BDABC41FB377471DAA83444FB1">Journal of Systematic Palaeontology</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="EBA205E6BD795151D926592CE685E262">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6D4366B6CB8433DE8692365F9EA60A1F">2016-11-10</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="7B5CD4C05A774F68C49A88F1BF0F92E9">851</mods:start>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="C53B0B4D8041E8396E70F9B9899222AD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C53B0B4D8041E8396E70F9B9899222AD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C53B0B4D8041E8396E70F9B9899222AD" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="868" pageId="17" pageNumber="867">
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<subSubSection id="0588E9D08041E83A6E70F9B989A520BB" pageId="17" pageNumber="867" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B8041E83A6E70F9B989A520BB" blockId="17.[895,1417,1584,1703]" pageId="17" pageNumber="867">
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Family
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<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D88041E83A6EDEF9B98832205B" ID-CoL="7NWYC" authority="Knight, 1930" authorityName="Knight" authorityYear="1930" box="[977,1365,1616,1639]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudozygopleuridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Ptenoglossa" pageId="17" pageNumber="867" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">
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<emphasis id="7FE666498041E83A6EDEF9B989A5205B" bold="true" box="[977,1218,1616,1639]" pageId="17" pageNumber="867">Pseudozygopleuridae</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA8041E83A69C6F9B98832205B" author="Knight, J. B." box="[1225,1365,1616,1639]" pageId="17" pageNumber="867" pagination="1 - 89" refId="ref19229" refString="Knight, J. B. 1930. The gastropods of the St. Louis, Missouri, Pennsylvanian outlier: the Pseudozygopleurinae. Journal of Paleontology, 4, 1 - 89." type="journal article" year="1930">
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Knight,
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<date id="392C9C9B8041E83A682FF9B988EE205B" box="[1312,1417,1616,1639]" pageId="17" pageNumber="867" value="1930-01">1930 gen.</date>
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</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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et sp. indet.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0588E9D08041E83A695AF97989D5209B" box="[1109,1202,1680,1703]" pageId="17" pageNumber="867" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B8041E83A695AF97989D5209B" blockId="17.[895,1417,1584,1703]" box="[1109,1202,1680,1703]" pageId="17" pageNumber="867">
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(
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<figureCitation id="D5A9A6DE8041E83A6951F97989CD209B" box="[1118,1194,1680,1703]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="18.[159,227,617,638]" captionTargetBox="[175,1452,183,585]" captionTargetId="figure-629@18.[175,1452,183,585]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 12. Pseudozygopleuridae gen et sp. indet., larval shell. A, B, NHMUK PI MG 1532; A, apertural view; B, lateral view; C, NHMUK PI MG 1533, apical view; D, side view of initial whorl, NHMUK PI MG 1532. Scale bars = 100 µm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883084/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="867">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0588E9D08041E83A6E42F92D896120C7" pageId="17" pageNumber="867" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B8041E83A6E42F92D896120C7" blockId="17.[845,1467,1732,1787]" pageId="17" pageNumber="867">
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<emphasis id="7FE666498041E83A6E42F92D8ED020E7" bold="true" box="[845,951,1732,1755]" pageId="17" pageNumber="867">Material.</emphasis>
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Three larval shells from LD-04 (
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<collectionCode id="2B83229E8041E83A683CF92D88FE20E7" box="[1331,1433,1732,1755]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="17" pageNumber="867" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="2B83229E8041E83A68ACF92D88DC20E7" box="[1443,1467,1732,1755]" country="Russia" name="Paleontological Institute" pageId="17" pageNumber="867">PI</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="2B83229E8041E83A6E42F90D8E1F20C7" box="[845,888,1764,1787]" country="China" name="Museum of Zoology" pageId="17" pageNumber="867">MG</collectionCode>
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1532–1534).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0588E9D08041E8396E42F8FE8CA525CD" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="868" pageId="17" pageNumber="867" type="description">
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<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B8041E8396E42F8FE8CA525CD" blockId="17.[845,1467,1815,1934]" lastBlockId="18.[159,781,731,1009]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="868" pageId="17" pageNumber="867">
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<emphasis id="7FE666498041E83A6E42F8FE8EBF2112" bold="true" box="[845,984,1815,1838]" pageId="17" pageNumber="867">Description.</emphasis>
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Teleoconch not observed. Protoconch is conical, elongate and composed of five whorls. The initial whorl is smooth and has a diameter of 0.08 mm. Collabral ornamentation is initiated on the second whorl, continues to the base of the protoconch, and consists of narrow costellae that intersect at or just below the mid-whorl. Costellae are sigmoidal: on the upper part of the whorls they are slightly curved and oriented at 40
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<superScript id="BAE717138042E8396F1CFCDF8F7B257B" attach="left" box="[531,540,822,839]" fontSize="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">Ǫ</superScript>
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to the shell axis, and on the lower part of the whorls they are oriented at 200
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<superScript id="BAE717138042E8396E0DFCBF8E6C255B" attach="left" box="[770,779,854,871]" fontSize="7" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">Ǫ</superScript>
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to the shell axis. Growth lines are visible as faint collabral ribs between, and perpendicular to, the costellae. Aperture is circular, with a small columellar fold. Four whorls are present in these specimens.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption id="19EDEAD38042E8396D90FD8089AD24A4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883084" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883084" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883084/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" startId="18.[159,227,617,638]" targetBox="[175,1452,183,585]" targetPageId="18" targetType="figure">
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<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B8042E8396D90FD8089AD24A4" blockId="18.[159,1466,617,665]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">
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<emphasis id="7FE666498042E8396D90FD808C6C2442" bold="true" box="[159,267,617,638]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">Figure 12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D88042E8396C19FD808C842442" authorityName="Knight" authorityYear="1930" box="[278,483,617,638]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudozygopleuridae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pseudozygopleuridae</taxonomicName>
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gen et sp. indet., larval shell.
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<emphasis id="7FE666498042E8396E19FD808E2B2442" bold="true" box="[790,844,617,638]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">A, B,</emphasis>
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NHMUK PI MG 1532;
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<emphasis id="7FE666498042E839694AFD80893B2442" bold="true" box="[1093,1116,617,638]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">A,</emphasis>
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apertural view;
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<emphasis id="7FE666498042E839680EFD8088702442" bold="true" box="[1281,1303,617,638]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">B,</emphasis>
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lateral view;
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<emphasis id="7FE666498042E83968ACFD8088DD2442" bold="true" box="[1443,1466,617,638]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">C,</emphasis>
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NHMUK PI MG 1533, apical view;
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<emphasis id="7FE666498042E8396CF3FD6A8F7424A4" bold="true" box="[508,531,643,664]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">D,</emphasis>
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side view of initial whorl, NHMUK PI MG 1532. Scale bars = 100
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<emphasis id="7FE666498042E83969AFFD6A89D724A5" box="[1184,1200,643,665]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">µ</emphasis>
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m.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection id="0588E9D08042E8396D90FBF3899222AD" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B8042E8396D90FBF38C502093" blockId="18.[159,782,1050,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">
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<emphasis id="7FE666498042E8396D90FBF38C69220D" bold="true" box="[159,270,1050,1073]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">Remarks.</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA8042E8396C13FBF38F51220D" author="Hoare, R. D. & Sturgeon, M. T." box="[284,566,1050,1073]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" pagination="850 - 858" refId="ref18420" refString="Hoare, R. D. & Sturgeon, M. T. 1978. The Pennsylvanian a gastropod genera Cyclozyga and Helminthozyga and the classification of the Pseudozygopleuridae. Journal of Paleontology, 52, 850 - 858." type="journal article" year="1978">Hoare & Sturgeon (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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showed that protoconchs of species of
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<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D88042E8396C88FBD38F0C226D" authorityName="Knight" authorityYear="1930" box="[391,619,1082,1105]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudozygopleuridae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pseudozygopleuridae</taxonomicName>
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are very similar, but can be readily differentiated from those of the
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<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D88042E8396D90FB938C5922AD" authorityName="Wenz" authorityYear="1938" box="[159,318,1146,1169]" class="Gastropoda" family="Zygopleuridae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Zygopleuridae</taxonomicName>
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. Diagnostic characters of pseudozygopleurid protoconchs that are present in these specimens include an elongate, conical shape with 3–5 whorls; smooth initial whorl with collabral ornamentation from the second whorl; and narrow opisthocline to sigmoidal transverse costellae that are equally spaced, extend up and below from the suture and curve uniformly to the mid-whorl (
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<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA8042E8396DE2FAB08C95234C" author="Hoare, R. D. & Sturgeon, M. T." box="[237,498,1369,1392]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" pagination="850 - 858" refId="ref18420" refString="Hoare, R. D. & Sturgeon, M. T. 1978. The Pennsylvanian a gastropod genera Cyclozyga and Helminthozyga and the classification of the Pseudozygopleuridae. Journal of Paleontology, 52, 850 - 858." type="journal article" year="1978">Hoare & Sturgeon 1978</bibRefCitation>
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). In contrast, protoconchs of the
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<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D88042E8396DEBFA908CE723AC" authorityName="Wenz" authorityYear="1938" box="[228,384,1401,1424]" class="Gastropoda" family="Zygopleuridae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Zygopleuridae</taxonomicName>
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have smooth whorls with fine riblets at the sutures (Nutzel & Mapes 2001;
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<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA8042E8396F6CFA708F86238C" author="Kaim, A." box="[611,737,1433,1456]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" pagination="3 - 183" refId="ref18899" refString="Kaim, A. 2004. The evolution of conch ontogeny in Mesozoic open sea gastropods. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 62, 3 - 183." type="journal article" year="2004">Kaim 2004</bibRefCitation>
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||
) or straight ribs in the Ampezzopleurinae (Nutzel 1998, 2005). Protoconchs of the
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<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D88042E8396CB5FA318F5D23D3" authorityName="Bandel" authorityYear="1992" box="[442,570,1496,1519]" class="Gastropoda" family="Ladinulidae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Ladinulidae</taxonomicName>
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are similar to those of the
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<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D88042E8396DE8FA118CAC2033" authorityName="Knight" authorityYear="1930" box="[231,459,1528,1551]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudozygopleuridae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pseudozygopleuridae</taxonomicName>
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but can be differentiated due to their vertical costellae (
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<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA8042E8396CB8F9F18F272013" author="Bandel, K." box="[439,576,1560,1583]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" pagination="59 - 138" refId="ref15903" refString="Bandel, K. 2006. Families of the Cerithioidea and related superfamilies (Palaeo-Caenogastropoda; Mollusca) from the Triassic to the recent characterized by protoconch morphology-including the description of new taxa. Freiberger Forschungshefte C, 511, 59 - 138." type="journal article" year="2006">Bandel 2006</bibRefCitation>
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). These specimens are, therefore, representatives of the
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<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D88042E8396F4AF9D18DA02053" authorityName="Knight" authorityYear="1930" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudozygopleuridae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pseudozygopleuridae</taxonomicName>
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. No teleoconch is apparently present in these specimens as the sculpture of the prodissoconch is uninterrupted.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B8042E8396DB5F95188DC250E" blockId="18.[159,782,1050,1934]" lastBlockId="18.[845,1467,731,1169]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">
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<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D88042E8396DB5F9518CF920F3" authorityName="Knight" authorityYear="1930" box="[186,414,1720,1743]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudozygopleuridae" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" phylum="Mollusca" rank="family">Pseudozygopleuridae</taxonomicName>
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is primarily a Palaeozoic family. Apart from the Early Triassic specimens described herein, the only other Mesozoic pseudozygopleurid is
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<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D88042E8396F90F91E8E6A2132" authorityName="Knight" authorityYear="1930" box="[671,781,1783,1806]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudozygopleuridae" genus="Plocezyga" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="7FE666498042E8396F90F91E8E6A2132" box="[671,781,1783,1806]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">Plocezyga</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Jurassic of
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<collectingCountry id="3585FACB8042E8396C8FF8FE8CAD2112" box="[384,458,1815,1838]" name="Poland" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">Poland</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA8042E8396CD6F8FE8F332112" author="Kaim, A." box="[473,596,1815,1838]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" pagination="3 - 183" refId="ref18899" refString="Kaim, A. 2004. The evolution of conch ontogeny in Mesozoic open sea gastropods. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 62, 3 - 183." type="journal article" year="2004">Kaim 2004</bibRefCitation>
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). The specimens attributed to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8A92C1D88042E8396C23F8DE8CFD2172" authorityName="Knight" authorityYear="1930" box="[300,410,1847,1870]" class="Gastropoda" family="Pseudozygopleuridae" genus="Plocezyga" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FE666498042E8396C23F8DE8CFD2172" box="[300,410,1847,1870]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">Plocezyga</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA8042E8396CC9F8DE8F352172" author="Kaim, A." box="[454,594,1847,1870]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" pagination="3 - 183" refId="ref18899" refString="Kaim, A. 2004. The evolution of conch ontogeny in Mesozoic open sea gastropods. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica, 62, 3 - 183." type="journal article" year="2004">Kaim (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, however, lack a protoconch with the diagnostic sigmoidal pseudozygopleurid ornamentation described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA8042E8396F33F89E8EEC24CE" author="Hoare, R. D. & Sturgeon, M. T." box="[572,907,731,1934]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" pagination="850 - 858" refId="ref18420" refString="Hoare, R. D. & Sturgeon, M. T. 1978. The Pennsylvanian a gastropod genera Cyclozyga and Helminthozyga and the classification of the Pseudozygopleuridae. Journal of Paleontology, 52, 850 - 858." type="journal article" year="1978">Hoare & Sturgeon (1978</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2903C7AA8042E8396E97FD328EAA24CE" author="Hoare, R. D. & Sturgeon, M. T." box="[920,973,731,754]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868" pagination="159 - 187" refId="ref18460" refString="Hoare, R. D. & Sturgeon, M. T. 1980. The Pennsylvanian pseudozygopleurid gastropod genus Gamizyga n. gen. from Ohio and West Virginia. Journal of Paleontology, 54, 159 - 187." type="journal article" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Instead they have a reticulate pattern, shouldered whorls and transverse costae on the protoconch, indicating that they belong to a different genus and family.
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D2DBA5B8042E8396E68FCD2899222AD" blockId="18.[845,1467,731,1169]" pageId="18" pageNumber="868">Nutzel (1998) used the diameter, ornamentation and whorl number of the protoconch to separate planktotrophic from non-planktotrophic pseudozygopleurid species. The specimens recorded in this study have small protoconch I diameters (0.12–0.14 mm), and the same ornamentation and number of whorls as pseudozgopleurid larval shells interpreted as planktotrophic by Mapes & Nutzel (2009), suggesting that they too had a planktotrophic larval lifestyle. A teleoconch was not developed in any of the specimens, which may indicate that the adults were unable to live in this environment.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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</treatment>
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</document> |