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treatments-xml/data/C5/00/9D/C5009D63FFC4F317FF32FA30FC77D637.xml
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<document id="FC4580711154C811AA8251A05B6BEFB3" ID-ISSN="1175­5334" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1629727572263" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pyrcz, Tomasz W., Greeney, Harold F., Willmott, Keith R. &amp; Wojtusiak, Janusz" docDate="2011" docId="C5009D63FFC4F317FF32FA30FC77D637" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02898p068.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2898" docStyle="DocumentStyle:D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleId="D239614CE4198176A422035174489AB1" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.monograph" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Daedalma rubroreducta Pyrcz &amp; Greeney &amp; Willmott &amp; Wojtusiak 2011, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="20" masterDocId="3939E51BFFD5F304FFA5FFDCFFB5D260" masterDocTitle="2898" masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="18" updateTime="1699102847758" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
<mods:mods id="5C406534AFB46D4ADC1898D7AA0A2A38" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="D1E3158C2114E4B8671934A80736DDCB">
<mods:title id="0B14819F08D3F1340063540899CA1D16">2898</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="04928CD8F81214FE179DC51C520428F7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AF32C9A2B5AE2C6736E0D03600A58662">
<mods:roleTerm id="D0CC06E9968B9620BDD5360EE4E4C687">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7F1550D8769A3B67B11948E1AD4CE69A">Pyrcz, Tomasz W.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="51FEF4A2D43302BCCA1BAA3DACA3A901" type="personal">
<mods:role id="D2528D4A689337E98EE3D1B9316F0DD6">
<mods:roleTerm id="B8A51DBA59A83C64FC6222ED83B91CEC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="47E7C2A4CA776371393E03460A1F87C5">Greeney, Harold F.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="6E0F94E920BC3582DA3812A67C584636" type="personal">
<mods:role id="5CC0EB96CF9D76B57CAB63F0D6BD34A3">
<mods:roleTerm id="FADD4AB1D88F347DDEB254CFF77CE707">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="E769F2527CB9CEC527FA6E786B7A583A">Willmott, Keith R.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="C52E2FD7CA836923C9568B31F61ED928" type="personal">
<mods:role id="2DFC492DCC1870F1348A56C9CC74A7E9">
<mods:roleTerm id="FB8818721D01ED52B0F222625176E2EA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="8B3C346D962F1E7DBCF6EE2F5E5E20A6">Wojtusiak, Janusz</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4170D0A9910E89E9BF687E0AC750D08A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D7EC562EFB7BF111474547FAD9C2AE0E" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="F2B1141217BAD901BB740E190773FB23">
<mods:title id="0D504D794CBE38ED277FFF78CDD2EB72">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="126358B0DC649E61C55B4DD52F24A61D">
<mods:date id="D5EB7974AE8295EAFFBF405FBFD487ED">2011</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="3A9C9E9DA0CA6F3CEB9BEDD15FB4DC26" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="016B31BBF4FE8431A2B6F295341C1677">2011-05-30</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="21D7B55387F302307C82A9CC5D28B4A8" type="volume">
<mods:number id="10CC04DB7547D5C5DDA2AA5D2D985308">2898</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="8B14A798ACEDC08F39C48B6E61F02AC7" unit="page">
<mods:start id="4FB2CDF5C8D5D1C4EEB93DE8F0FA25AF">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="B5A63F12225E71E3D2FD9AE894B9EEE5">68</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="2FEBB27FC05FF272AD0A2146186DECBB">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="A1B6D07D37E71ABD4C2E3E81CD49DBA6" type="ISSN">1175­5334</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="C5009D63FFC4F317FF32FA30FC77D637" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5292436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5292436" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5009D63FFC4F317FF32FA30FC77D637" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C5009D63FFC4F317FF32FA30FC77D637" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<subSubSection id="05B37FFEFFC4F315FF32FA30FD5AD466" box="[151,751,1516,1542]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC4F315FF32FA30FD5AD466" blockId="17.[151,751,1516,1575]" box="[151,751,1516,1542]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<heading id="165E9B19FFC4F315FF32FA30FD5AD466" bold="true" box="[151,751,1516,1542]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" reason="1">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FF32FA30FD5AD466" bold="true" box="[151,751,1516,1542]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC4F315FF32FA30FD2AD466" authority="Pyrcz &amp; Willmott" authorityName="Pyrcz &amp; Greeney &amp; Willmott &amp; Wojtusiak" authorityYear="2011" box="[151,671,1516,1542]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubroreducta" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FF32FA30FE0CD466" bold="true" box="[151,441,1516,1542]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Daedalma rubroreducta</emphasis>
Pyrcz &amp; Willmott
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="64EE4D1CFFC4F315FD08FA30FD5AD466" box="[685,751,1516,1542]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05B37FFEFFC4F315FF32F9D3FD2ED447" box="[151,667,1551,1575]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC4F315FF32F9D3FD2ED447" blockId="17.[151,751,1516,1575]" box="[151,667,1551,1575]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
(
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC4F315FF3AF9D3FE87D447" box="[159,306,1551,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="44.[151,244,1928,1949]" captionTargetBox="[256,1349,173,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-75@44.[236,1357,151,1913]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 3. Daedalma adults (left: dorsum, right: venter). A. fraudata ♂ Holotype, Alto Río Nieva; B. fraudata ♀ Paratype, Abra Barro Miguel; C. rubroreducta ♂ Holotype, Loma Tigrillo; D. rubroreducta ♀ Paratype, Yanayacu; E. vertex vertex ♂ Paratype, Molinopampa-Granada; F. vertex vertex ♀ Paratype, Molinopampa-Granada; G. vertex milleri ♂ Paratype, Carpish; H. vertex milleri ♀ Paratype, Huanacaure" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Figs. 3C, 3D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC4F315FE98F9D3FED5D447" box="[317,352,1551,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="50.[151,244,1956,1977]" captionTargetBox="[160,1400,161,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@50.[150,1436,137,1968]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 9. Daedalma male genitalia (in lateral view, aedeagus removed from its natural position). A. eliza, Golondrinas; B. fraudata, Abra Pardo Miguel; C. rubroreducta, vía Macas; D. boliviana boliviana, Coroico; E. boliviana peruviana, Palcamayo; F. fraudata, Baṅos" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">9C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC4F315FEC9F9D3FE28D447" box="[364,413,1551,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="55.[151,244,1830,1851]" captionTargetBox="[178,1428,198,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-46@55.[151,1436,191,1809]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 14. Daedalma female genitalia (1: ventral view, 2: lateral view). A. parvomaculata, La Paz; B. fraudata, Abra Pardo Miguel; C. rubroreducta, Ecuador; D. dognini dognini, San Luis" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">14C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC4F315FE0CF9D3FE4FD447" box="[425,506,1551,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="59.[151,244,1934,1955]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,201,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-46@59.[151,1436,191,1912]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 18. Daedalma rubroreducta immature stages. A. First instar larvae; B. First instar larvae; C. Second instar larva; D. Third instar larva; E. Third instar larva; F. Second instar larva." pageId="17" pageNumber="18">18A–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC4F315FDA3F9D3FDEDD447" box="[518,600,1551,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="60.[151,244,1950,1971]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,206,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-45@60.[151,1436,191,1928]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 19. Daedalma rubroreducta immature stages. A. Fifth instar larva; B. Fifth instar larva; C. Pupa; D. Pupa; E. Freshly eclosed imago (female) on pupal skin" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">19A–E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC4F315FDC6F9D3FD26D447" box="[611,659,1551,1575]" captionStart="FIGURE 23" captionStartId="64.[151,244,1380,1401]" captionTargetBox="[412,1158,204,1360]" captionTargetId="figure-47@64.[396,1176,191,1362]" captionTargetPageId="64" captionText="FIGURE 23. Daedalma in nature. A. parvomaculata ♂, Tambito; B. rubroreducta ♀, Amaluza (Sangay N. P.); C. fraudata ♂, Runtún; D. inconspicua orientalis Río Blanco ♂" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">23B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05B37FFEFFC4F315FF32F993FC01D504" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC4F315FF32F993FC01D504" blockId="17.[151,1438,1615,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FF32F993FEC9D408" bold="true" box="[151,380,1615,1640]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Material examined</emphasis>
:
<materialsCitation id="FDC12628FFC4F315FE2AF993FD56D4EC" collectingDate="2002-10" collectorName="I. Aldaz" country="Ecuador" elevation="1725" location="Loma Tigrillo" municipality="Macas" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Morona-Santiago" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FE2AF993FDA9D408" bold="true" box="[399,540,1615,1640]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<collectingCountry id="35BE6CE5FFC4F315FE2AF993FDA9D408" box="[399,540,1615,1640]" name="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="921292D7FFC4F315FD8BF98CFD77D408" box="[558,706,1616,1640]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
male:
<collectingRegion id="8F6DE297FFC4F315FCB0F98CFC69D408" box="[789,988,1616,1640]" country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Morona-Santiago</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="AD72B60FFFC4F315FC4FF98DFB83D408" box="[1002,1078,1617,1640]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Macas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="48767AAEFFC4F315FBE0F98DFB5DD408" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5009D63FFC4F317FF32FA30FC77D637:48767AAEFFC4F315FBE0F98DFB5DD408" box="[1093,1256,1616,1640]" country="Ecuador" municipality="Macas" name="Loma Tigrillo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Morona-Santiago">Loma Tigrillo</location>
,
<quantity id="8A518190FFC4F315FB52F98CFA22D408" box="[1271,1431,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.725" metricValueMax="1.75" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1725.0" valueMax="1750.0" valueMin="1700.0">
<elevation id="C684CB46FFC4F315FB52F98CFA22D408" box="[1271,1431,1616,1640]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.725" metricValueMax="1.75" metricValueMin="1.7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="1725.0" valueMax="1750.0" valueMin="1700.0">1700–1750 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="39170AB5FFC4F315FF32F9A8FF58D4EC" box="[151,237,1652,1676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2002-10">
<collectingDate id="2953F35DFFC4F315FF32F9A8FF58D4EC" box="[151,237,1652,1676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2002-10">X.2002</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="E05C49A3FFC4F315FF5EF9A9FEE2D4EC" box="[251,343,1652,1676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">I. Aldaz</collectorName>
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FEC4F9A8FE36D4EC" box="[353,387,1652,1676]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
., red, rectangular label saying
</materialsCitation>
:
<materialsCitation id="FDC12628FFC4F315FD54F9A8FA36D4EC" box="[753,1411,1652,1676]" collectionCode="MZUJ" country="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="11" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="9" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus id="921292D7FFC4F315FD54F9A8FCE9D4EC" box="[753,860,1652,1676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="2BB8B4B0FFC4F315FCC9F9A9FC0CD4EC" box="[876,953,1653,1676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MZUJ</collectionCode>
;
<typeStatus id="921292D7FFC4F315FC63F9A8FBD4D4EC" box="[966,1121,1652,1676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">PARATYPES</typeStatus>
(
<specimenCount id="5BAFE7FCFFC4F315FBD6F9A8FB79D4EC" box="[1139,1228,1652,1676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">9 males</specimenCount>
and
<specimenCount id="5BAFE7FCFFC4F315FAADF9A8FACED4EC" box="[1288,1403,1652,1676]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
)
</materialsCitation>
,
<materialsCitation id="FDC12628FFC4F315FA35F9A8FDECD4D0" collectionCode="TWP" country="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-male="4" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="5BAFE7FCFFC4F315FA35F9A8FF68D4D0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">4 males</specimenCount>
: same data as the holotype,
<collectionCode id="2BB8B4B0FFC4F315FDBFF945FDECD4D0" box="[538,601,1689,1712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TWP</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="FDC12628FFC4F315FDC0F944FA36D4D0" box="[613,1411,1688,1712]" collectingDate="2005-01-07" collectionCode="TWP" country="Ecuador" location="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="5BAFE7FCFFC4F315FDC0F944FD7ED4D0" box="[613,715,1688,1712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
:
<location id="48767AAEFFC4F315FD72F944FC83D4D0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5009D63FFC4F317FF32FA30FC77D637:48767AAEFFC4F315FD72F944FC83D4D0" box="[727,822,1688,1712]" country="Ecuador" name="Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Ecuador</location>
, no further data, (prep. genit. 07-
<date id="39170AB5FFC4F315FB0EF944FA9AD4D0" box="[1195,1327,1688,1712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2005-01-07">
<collectingDate id="2953F35DFFC4F315FB0EF944FA9AD4D0" box="[1195,1327,1688,1712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2005-01-07">01.07.2005</collectingDate>
</date>
),
<collectionCode id="2BB8B4B0FFC4F315FAE1F945FA36D4D0" box="[1348,1411,1689,1712]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TWP</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="FDC12628FFC4F315FA2BF944FC3DD4B4" collectionCode="TWP" collectorName="H. Greeney" country="Ecuador" elevation="2000" location="Yanayacu" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Napo" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="5BAFE7FCFFC4F315FA2BF944FF5DD4B4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
:
<collectingRegion id="8F6DE297FFC4F315FF52F961FE83D4B4" box="[247,310,1725,1748]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Napo</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="48767AAEFFC4F315FEE3F961FE03D4B5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5009D63FFC4F317FF32FA30FC77D637:48767AAEFFC4F315FEE3F961FE03D4B5" box="[326,438,1725,1749]" country="Ecuador" name="Yanayacu" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Napo">Yanayacu</location>
,
<quantity id="8A518190FFC4F315FE63F960FD97D4B4" box="[454,546,1724,1748]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="2000.0">
<elevation id="C684CB46FFC4F315FE63F960FD97D4B4" box="[454,546,1724,1748]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectorName id="E05C49A3FFC4F315FD96F961FD0CD4B4" box="[563,697,1724,1748]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">H. Greeney</collectorName>
(ex larva),
<collectionCode id="2BB8B4B0FFC4F315FCECF961FC3DD4B4" box="[841,904,1725,1748]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">TWP</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="FDC12628FFC4F315FC32F960FDE8D498" collectingDate="2006-11-24" collectionCode="FLMNH" collectorName="K. Willmott" country="Ecuador" elevation="2000" location="Yanayacu" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Napo" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="5BAFE7FCFFC4F315FC32F960FC59D4B4" box="[919,1004,1724,1748]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
: same locality data as preceding but
<date id="39170AB5FFC4F315FF32F93CFEACD498" box="[151,281,1760,1784]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2006-11-24">
<collectingDate id="2953F35DFFC4F315FF32F93CFEACD498" box="[151,281,1760,1784]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2006-11-24">24.XI.2006</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="E05C49A3FFC4F315FE8DF93DFE07D498" box="[296,434,1760,1784]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">K. Willmott</collectorName>
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FE18F93CFE6AD498" box="[445,479,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
.,
<collectionCode id="2BB8B4B0FFC4F315FE5DF93DFDE8D498" box="[504,605,1761,1784]" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="Museum">FLMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="FDC12628FFC4F315FDC8F93CFEE4D57C" collectingDate="1996-12-12" collectionCode="PBF" collectorName="P. Boyer" country="Ecuador" location="Baeza-Tena" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Napo" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="5BAFE7FCFFC4F315FDC8F93CFD75D498" box="[621,704,1760,1784]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
:
<collectingRegion id="8F6DE297FFC4F315FD6BF93DFCBBD498" box="[718,782,1761,1784]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Napo</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="48767AAEFFC4F315FCB8F93DFC14D498" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5009D63FFC4F317FF32FA30FC77D637:48767AAEFFC4F315FCB8F93DFC14D498" box="[797,929,1761,1784]" country="Ecuador" name="Baeza-Tena" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Napo">Baeza-Tena</location>
km 10, &quot;1600&quot; [=1850] m,
<date id="39170AB5FFC4F315FB4BF93CFACCD498" box="[1262,1401,1760,1784]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1996-12-12">
<collectingDate id="2953F35DFFC4F315FB4BF93CFACCD498" box="[1262,1401,1760,1784]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1996-12-12">12.XII.1996</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="E05C49A3FFC4F315FA2DF93DFF6ED57D" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">P. Boyer</collectorName>
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FF41F8D8FEA1D57C" box="[228,276,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg.,</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="2BB8B4B0FFC4F315FEB9F8D9FEE4D57C" box="[284,337,1797,1820]" country="Indonesia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/0e59-8wpg" name="Perum Bio Farma" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">PBF</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="FDC12628FFC4F315FEFAF8D8FA34D57C" box="[351,1409,1796,1820]" collectingDate="2002-01-01" collectionCode="KWJH" collectorName="K. Willmott" country="Ecuador" elevation="2100" location="La Bonita-Tulcan rd." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Sucumbios" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="5BAFE7FCFFC4F315FEFAF8D8FE05D57C" box="[351,432,1796,1820]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
:
<collectingRegion id="8F6DE297FFC4F315FE19F8D8FD8ED57C" box="[444,571,1796,1820]" country="Ecuador" name="Sucumbios" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sucumbíos</collectingRegion>
, km 2
<location id="48767AAEFFC4F315FD2FF8D9FCCFD57C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5009D63FFC4F317FF32FA30FC77D637:48767AAEFFC4F315FD2FF8D9FCCFD57C" box="[650,890,1796,1820]" country="Ecuador" name="La Bonita-Tulcan rd." pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Sucumbios">La Bonita-Tulcán rd.</location>
,
<quantity id="8A518190FFC4F315FC22F8D8FC55D57C" box="[903,992,1796,1820]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="2100.0">
<elevation id="C684CB46FFC4F315FC22F8D8FC55D57C" box="[903,992,1796,1820]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<date id="39170AB5FFC4F315FC48F8D8FBEFD57C" box="[1005,1114,1796,1820]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2002-01-01">
<collectingDate id="2953F35DFFC4F315FC48F8D8FBEFD57C" box="[1005,1114,1796,1820]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="2002-01-01">01.I.2002</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="E05C49A3FFC4F315FBC2F8D9FB5AD57C" box="[1127,1263,1796,1820]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">K. Willmott</collectorName>
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FB52F8D8FAACD57C" box="[1271,1305,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">leg</emphasis>
.,
<collectionCode id="2BB8B4B0FFC4F315FA95F8D9FA34D57C" box="[1328,1409,1797,1820]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">KWJH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="FDC12628FFC4F315FA28F8D8FC53D520" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="Grose-Smith" country="Ecuador" location="Rio Topo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Tungurahua" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="5BAFE7FCFFC4F315FA28F8D8FF67D520" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
:
<collectingRegion id="8F6DE297FFC4F315FF78F8F4FED3D520" box="[221,358,1832,1856]" country="Ecuador" name="Tungurahua" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Tungurahua</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="48767AAEFFC4F315FED6F8F4FE69D520" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5009D63FFC4F317FF32FA30FC77D637:48767AAEFFC4F315FED6F8F4FE69D520" box="[371,476,1832,1856]" country="Ecuador" name="Rio Topo" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" stateProvince="Tungurahua">Río Topo</location>
[mislabeled], ex.
<collectorName id="E05C49A3FFC4F315FD0CF8F4FC8ED520" box="[681,827,1832,1856]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Grose-Smith</collectorName>
, 1910,
<collectionCode id="2BB8B4B0FFC4F315FC2BF8F5FC53D520" box="[910,998,1833,1856]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="FDC12628FFC4F315FC57F8F4FC04D504" collectionCode="BMNH" collectorName="C. Buckley &amp; Oberthur" country="Ecuador" location="Eastern Side Ecuador" municipality="Sarayacu" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCount id="5BAFE7FCFFC4F315FC57F8F4FBF6D520" box="[1010,1091,1832,1856]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
:
<collectingMunicipality id="AD72B60FFFC4F315FBEAF8F4FB0CD520" box="[1103,1209,1832,1856]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Sarayacu</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="48767AAEFFC4F315FB60F8F5FF09D504" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C5009D63FFC4F317FF32FA30FC77D637:48767AAEFFC4F315FB60F8F5FF09D504" country="Ecuador" municipality="Sarayacu" name="Eastern Side Ecuador" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Eastern Side Ecuador</location>
[mislabeled],
<collectorName id="E05C49A3FFC4F315FEF8F890FE6ED504" box="[349,475,1868,1892]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">C. Buckley</collectorName>
1879, ex.
<collectorName id="E05C49A3FFC4F315FDF5F890FD00D504" box="[592,693,1868,1892]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Oberthür</collectorName>
coll., 1927-3,
<collectionCode id="2BB8B4B0FFC4F315FCFCF891FC04D504" box="[857,945,1869,1892]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">BMNH</collectionCode>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05B37FFEFFC4F315FF62F8B3FABDD594" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC4F315FF62F8B3FABDD594" blockId="17.[151,1438,1615,2036]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FF62F8B3FE8FD5E8" bold="true" box="[199,314,1903,1928]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Differs from
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC4F315FE78F8ADFDF6D5E8" box="[477,579,1904,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dinias">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FE78F8ADFDF6D5E8" box="[477,579,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. dinias</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the FW orange patch extending into postdiscal area, similar to
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC4F315FA95F8ADFF74D5CC" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviana">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FA95F8ADFF74D5CC" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. boliviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC4F315FF5DF849FECED5CC" box="[248,379,1940,1964]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudata">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FF5DF849FECED5CC" box="[248,379,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. fraudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but differing from those species in the patch being slightly smaller and darker. On the underside, the FW orange patch is considerably fainter than in
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC4F315FCB2F865FC11D5B0" box="[791,932,1976,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviana">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FCB2F865FC11D5B0" box="[791,932,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. boliviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC4F315FC6CF865FBFED5B0" box="[969,1099,1976,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudata">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FC6CF865FBFED5B0" box="[969,1099,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. fraudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in most individuals obsolete, heavily overcast with brown and barely marked, in this respect being most similar to
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC4F315FBF4F801FAB4D594" authorityName="Pyrcz &amp; Greeney" authorityYear="2011" box="[1105,1281,2012,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dinias" subSpecies="emma">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC4F315FBF4F801FAB4D594" box="[1105,1281,2012,2036]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">D. dinias emma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05B37FFEFFC7F317FF62FF4BFD98D0C7" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="description">
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC7F316FF62FF4BFBECD077" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2023]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC7F316FF62FF4BFEE4D2D0" bold="true" box="[199,337,151,176]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Description</emphasis>
: MALE (
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC7F316FE64FF4BFDAFD2CF" box="[449,538,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="44.[151,244,1928,1949]" captionTargetBox="[256,1349,173,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-75@44.[236,1357,151,1913]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 3. Daedalma adults (left: dorsum, right: venter). A. fraudata ♂ Holotype, Alto Río Nieva; B. fraudata ♀ Paratype, Abra Barro Miguel; C. rubroreducta ♂ Holotype, Loma Tigrillo; D. rubroreducta ♀ Paratype, Yanayacu; E. vertex vertex ♂ Paratype, Molinopampa-Granada; F. vertex vertex ♀ Paratype, Molinopampa-Granada; G. vertex milleri ♂ Paratype, Carpish; H. vertex milleri ♀ Paratype, Huanacaure" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
): Head: Eyes chocolate brown covered with dense setae; palpi twice the length of head, yellowish covered with chocolate brown hair; antennae 2/5 length of costa, dorsally brown, ventrally yellowish, club darker than shaft. Thorax: Dorsally and ventrally blackish, legs sandy yellow. Abdomen: Dorsally and laterally blackish, ventrally lighter dull brown. Wings: FW (length:
<quantity id="8A518190FFC7F316FC1CFED8FB80D37B" box="[953,1077,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="26.0" valueMax="27.0" valueMin="25.0">25-27 mm</quantity>
;
<quantity id="8A518190FFC7F316FBE0FED8FB04D37B" box="[1093,1201,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.56" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="25.6">25.6 mm</quantity>
; n=5) costa slightly arched, outer margin protruded at vein M1 and slightly undulate. HW costa protruded at apex, outer margin undulate with two tail-like extensions at veins Cu1 and Cu2. Wings: FWD ground colour blackish brown; orange patch oval, smaller and slightly darker than in
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC7F316FDFAFEADFD57D3E8" box="[607,738,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudata">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC7F316FDFAFEADFD57D3E8" box="[607,738,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. fraudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with faint edges. HWD uniform blackish brown. FWV patch faint and diffuse, reddish, overcast with brown to such an extent that it is barely noticeable in some individuals. HWV overall darker than in
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC7F316FE7CFE65FDE9D3B0" box="[473,604,440,464]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudata">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC7F316FE7CFE65FDE9D3B0" box="[473,604,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. fraudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with a heavier chocolate brown overcast, milky white postdiscal and submarginal patches smaller than in
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC7F316FDADFE01FD3FD394" box="[520,650,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudata">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC7F316FDADFE01FD3FD394" box="[520,650,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. fraudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or obsolete.
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC7F316FCBFFE07FC3DD394" bold="true" box="[794,904,475,500]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC7F316FC32FE00FC45D394" box="[919,1008,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="50.[151,244,1956,1977]" captionTargetBox="[160,1400,161,1945]" captionTargetId="figure-67@50.[150,1436,137,1968]" captionTargetPageId="50" captionText="FIGURE 9. Daedalma male genitalia (in lateral view, aedeagus removed from its natural position). A. eliza, Golondrinas; B. fraudata, Abra Pardo Miguel; C. rubroreducta, vía Macas; D. boliviana boliviana, Coroico; E. boliviana peruviana, Palcamayo; F. fraudata, Baṅos" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 9C</figureCitation>
): Similar to
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC7F316FBDCFE01FB4ED394" box="[1145,1275,476,500]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudata">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC7F316FBDCFE01FB4ED394" box="[1145,1275,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. fraudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
except for the thinner uncus, considerably broader valvae in distal half, and a slightly deeper saccus.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC7F316FF62FDF8FB84D08F" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2023]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
FEMALE (
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC7F316FEE3FDF8FE14D05C" box="[326,417,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="44.[151,244,1928,1949]" captionTargetBox="[256,1349,173,1913]" captionTargetId="figure-75@44.[236,1357,151,1913]" captionTargetPageId="44" captionText="FIGURE 3. Daedalma adults (left: dorsum, right: venter). A. fraudata ♂ Holotype, Alto Río Nieva; B. fraudata ♀ Paratype, Abra Barro Miguel; C. rubroreducta ♂ Holotype, Loma Tigrillo; D. rubroreducta ♀ Paratype, Yanayacu; E. vertex vertex ♂ Paratype, Molinopampa-Granada; F. vertex vertex ♀ Paratype, Molinopampa-Granada; G. vertex milleri ♂ Paratype, Carpish; H. vertex milleri ♀ Paratype, Huanacaure" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
): Differs from
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC7F316FDEFFDF9FD78D05C" box="[586,717,548,572]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudata">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC7F316FDEFFDF9FD78D05C" box="[586,717,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">D. fraudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in fainter and slightly smaller FW orange patch, suffused along edges with some brown scaling.
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC7F316FDA2FD9BFDC3D000" bold="true" box="[519,630,583,608]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Genitalia</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC7F316FD20FD9BFD58D03F" box="[645,749,583,607]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="55.[151,244,1830,1851]" captionTargetBox="[178,1428,198,1791]" captionTargetId="figure-46@55.[151,1436,191,1809]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="FIGURE 14. Daedalma female genitalia (1: ventral view, 2: lateral view). A. parvomaculata, La Paz; B. fraudata, Abra Pardo Miguel; C. rubroreducta, Ecuador; D. dognini dognini, San Luis" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 14C</figureCitation>
): Papillae anales small, with prominent bump on lateral side, slightly wrinkled wall of tuba analis. Lamella postvaginalis as a concave plate with a small protrusion pointing posteriorly. Bursa copulatrix pear-like, with two narrow and parallel signa consisting of minute teeth. Ductus bursae narrow, same length as the length of bursa copulatrix, connected with ductus seminalis in the middle. Lamella antevaginalis concave and shallow. Coliculum absent. Apophyses posteriores reduced.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC7F316FF62FD20FB40D174" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2023]" box="[199,1269,764,788]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC7F316FF62FD20FEEDD174" bold="true" box="[199,344,764,788]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Early stages</emphasis>
: Host plant:
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC7F316FE4FFD20FD5ED174" box="[490,747,764,788]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scandens">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC7F316FE4FFD20FDEFD174" box="[490,602,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chusquea</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC7F316FD20FD20FD5ED174" box="[645,747,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">scandens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC7F316FD57FD20FCFBD173" authorityName="Barnhart" authorityYear="1895" baseAuthorityName="R.Br." box="[754,846,764,787]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Poaceae</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="8A518190FFC7F316FCF9FD20FC00D173" box="[860,949,764,788]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="2100.0">2100 m</quantity>
, Yanayacu,
<collectingRegion id="8F6DE297FFC7F316FB99FD20FBC9D173" box="[1084,1148,764,787]" country="Ecuador" name="Napo" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Napo</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="35BE6CE5FFC7F316FB22FD20FB5CD174" box="[1159,1257,764,788]" name="Ecuador" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC7F316FF62FCC3FEE8D1C4" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2023]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
EGGS: Data on morphology are not available, but newly emerged first instars were found in the field (see below) along a small road cut at the edge of an extensive patch of
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC7F316FC2CFC98FC4CD13C" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1822" box="[905,1017,836,860]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Chusquea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC7F316FC2CFC98FC4CD13C" box="[905,1017,836,860]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Chusquea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ca. 2 ha). The remains of the clutch (
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC7F316FF3AFCBBFEB6D11F" box="[159,259,871,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="59.[151,244,1934,1955]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,201,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-46@59.[151,1436,191,1912]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 18. Daedalma rubroreducta immature stages. A. First instar larvae; B. First instar larvae; C. Second instar larva; D. Third instar larva; E. Third instar larva; F. Second instar larva." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 18B</figureCitation>
) were on the underside of a mature (fully expanded) leaf located at the tip of a small isolated shoot draping over the road.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC7F316FF62FC73FD33D6FF" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2023]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
FIRST INSTAR (
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC7F316FE28FC73FDB4D1A7" box="[397,513,943,967]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="59.[151,244,1934,1955]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,201,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-46@59.[151,1436,191,1912]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 18. Daedalma rubroreducta immature stages. A. First instar larvae; B. First instar larvae; C. Second instar larva; D. Third instar larva; E. Third instar larva; F. Second instar larva." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 18A</figureCitation>
): Head capsule shining black, nearly round but slightly broader at base; epicranial suture weak; body elongate, parallel-sided with little or no constriction behind the head, roughly round in cross section; body colour dull olive-green with a red-brown cast anteriorly and posteriorly, becoming all red-brown later in instar; body with sparse, pale setae, prothoracic shield poorly developed and dark brown. First instars originally rested in a tightly packed group on the underside of the food plant leaf, near where the eggs were laid. Later, prior to molt, larvae aggregate at the apex of the skeletonized food plant leaf, rearing back and regurgitating when disturbed. The first instar lasted at least 5 days.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC7F316FF63FB73FC5ED46D" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2023]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
SECOND INSTAR (
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): Early 2
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second instar head capsule similar to first instar, but with a pair of small, rounded, bump-like scoli anterio-dorsally; immediately after molting head capsule dark olive-green, paler dorsally, but darkening to shiny black later in instar; head and body with sparse dark setae; body nearly parallel sided, tapering slightly posteriorly to small, dark-brown bifid tail, roughly square in cross section; dorsum redbrown, sides and venter dark brown to black; a faint mid-dorsal stripe extends from T1 to around A3, T1 extended subdorsally into two individual fleshy lobes. Late 2
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Instar: Overall colour pattern similar but shape becoming more elongate and nearly round in cross section, fleshy protuberances on T1 disappearing; a pair of thin creamcoloured stripes develop dorsolaterally and extend back from T1, gradually fading posteriorly; bifid tail and margins of anal plate become cream coloured. Second instars remain aggregated along the skeletonized mid-vein of the leaf. The larvae measured
<quantity id="8A518190FFC7F316FE1AFA29FE4AD46D" box="[447,511,1525,1549]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
at premolt. The second instar lasted 9 days.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC7F316FF62F9C1FC8CD553" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2023]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
THIRD INSTAR (
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC7F316FE30F9C0FDBDD454" box="[405,520,1564,1588]" captionStart="FIGURE 18" captionStartId="59.[151,244,1934,1955]" captionTargetBox="[159,1434,201,1900]" captionTargetId="figure-46@59.[151,1436,191,1912]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="FIGURE 18. Daedalma rubroreducta immature stages. A. First instar larvae; B. First instar larvae; C. Second instar larva; D. Third instar larva; E. Third instar larva; F. Second instar larva." pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Figs. 18D</figureCitation>
): Early 3
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instar head capsule dull black with scoli becoming more prominent and light brown to cream coloured, appearing as an extension of dorsolateral cream stripes on T1. Otherwise similar in colour to late second instars, but with bifid tail more prominent, and setae becoming slightly denser and longer, especially on head scoli. Late 3
<superScript id="BADC813DFFC7F316FDA0F954FDA7D4F6" attach="left" box="[517,530,1672,1686]" fontSize="6" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">rd</superScript>
Instar: As described for early third instar, but abdomen laterally developing a complex pattern of cream coloured stripes surrounding narrow red-brown areas. This pattern fades anteriorly and sides of thorax remain dark brown, spiracles, especially posteriorly develop small green areas surrounding them. Overall, appearing like a dead stick. Third instar larvae remain along the skeletonized leaf mid-vein. The larvae measured
<quantity id="8A518190FFC7F316FEACF8C7FEE2D552" box="[265,343,1819,1843]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
at premolt. The third instar lasted 10 days.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC7F316FF62F8E3FA86D587" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,2023]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
FOURTH INSTAR: As described for late third instar but with head scoli and bifid tails becoming more prominent and paler brown; anterior portion of head becoming dark red-brown with indistinct pale crescent-shaped spots on either side of clypeal suture; lateral patterning becoming more distinct and dorsolateral cream stripes becoming less distinct, especially posteriorly. Fourth instar larvae break into groups of 2–5 individuals but remain fairly clumped on the host plant. The larvae measured
<quantity id="8A518190FFC7F316FD13F813FCACD587" box="[694,793,1999,2023]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="20.5">20.5 mm</quantity>
at premolt. The fourth instar lasted 11–12 days.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC6F317FF62FF44FACBD3AF" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
FIFTH INSTAR (
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): Overall appearance much like a mossy stick, body roughly square in cross section, narrowing slightly from A1-A6, T2-T3 and A3 with small fleshy triangular protuberances dorsolaterally; larvae develop many small swellings at setal bases, especially on head and bifid tails; head patterning becoming stronger; early in instar larvae are patterned in various shades of brown with well defined pair of dark brown triangles subdorsally on A3; sides of thorax and A3-A4 dark brown with abdominal brown patch tapering posteriorly and supraspiracularly to A5 forming a distinct and roughly triangular patch laterally; dorsum of T1, A4–A5, and bifid tails becoming pale brown; late instar larvae develop mossy green highlights, especially on dorsal thorax, dorsum of A3, and around spiracles. Fifth instar larvae disperse and do not remain aggregated. The larvae measured a maximum of
<quantity id="8A518190FFC6F317FE8BFE6BFEC9D3AF" box="[302,380,439,463]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
before the prepupal stage (estimated from photographs). The fifth instar lasted 14–16 days.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC6F317FF62FE00FD98D0C7" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
PUPA (
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). All larvae were removed from the field before pupation and it is unknown where pupation occurs in the wild. Pupa heavily sculptured with a distinct forward curved thoracic keel, abdomen with subdorsal pairs of protrusions, progressively smaller towards cremaster; thorax laterally projected into two pairs of roundly triangular keels; head with a pair of dorso-ventrally flattened projections; overall colour dark brown with large bright metallic-green patches. The pupal length was not measured. The pupal stage lasted 28–30 days. Freshly emerged female (
<figureCitation id="D59230F0FFC6F317FE1EFD53FD95D0C7" box="[443,544,655,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 19" captionStartId="60.[151,244,1950,1971]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,206,1918]" captionTargetId="figure-45@60.[151,1436,191,1928]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="FIGURE 19. Daedalma rubroreducta immature stages. A. Fifth instar larva; B. Fifth instar larva; C. Pupa; D. Pupa; E. Freshly eclosed imago (female) on pupal skin" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 19E</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05B37FFEFFC6F317FF62FD68FAD1D0AC" box="[199,1380,692,716]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC6F317FF62FD68FAD1D0AC" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1112]" box="[199,1380,692,716]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC6F317FF62FD68FEFDD0AC" bold="true" box="[199,328,692,716]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Etymology</emphasis>
: The epithet of this species is an allusion to the diagnostic reduction of the reddish FW patch.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="05B37FFEFFC6F317FF62FD04FC77D637" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="4D162C75FFC6F317FF62FD04FC77D637" blockId="19.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC6F317FF62FD04FE81D090" bold="true" box="[199,308,728,752]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Remarks</emphasis>
: This species is known to occur in the area between Macas (
<collectingRegion id="8F6DE297FFC6F317FBBDFD0BFB55D08F" box="[1048,1248,727,751]" country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Morona-Santiago</collectingRegion>
) and La Bonita (
<collectingRegion id="8F6DE297FFC6F317FF3BFD20FE95D174" box="[158,288,764,788]" country="Ecuador" name="Sucumbios" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Sucumbíos</collectingRegion>
), along the eastern slopes of the Andes in
<collectingCountry id="35BE6CE5FFC6F317FCB5FD20FCDAD174" box="[784,879,764,788]" name="Ecuador" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
. We initially considered it as a subspecies of
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC6F317FA24FD21FF42D158" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudata">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC6F317FA24FD21FF42D158" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. fraudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, from which it differs mostly in the expression of the FW orange patch, but the two taxa, if not strictly sympatric, have ranges that overlap over a broad region, in
<collectingRegion id="8F6DE297FFC6F317FC9CFC98FC0AD13C" box="[825,959,836,860]" country="Ecuador" name="Tungurahua" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Tungurahua</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="8F6DE297FFC6F317FC52FC98FB0BD13C" box="[1015,1214,836,860]" country="Ecuador" name="Morona-Santiago" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Morona-Santiago</collectingRegion>
, and both appear to occur in the
<collectingRegion id="8F6DE297FFC6F317FE80FCB4FECCD11F" box="[293,377,872,895]" country="Ecuador" name="Pastaza" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pastaza</collectingRegion>
valley. Although the single specimen of
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC6F317FCEFFCB5FBB4D1E0" authorityName="Pyrcz &amp; Greeney &amp; Willmott &amp; Wojtusiak" authorityYear="2011" box="[842,1025,872,896]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubroreducta">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC6F317FCEFFCB5FBB4D1E0" box="[842,1025,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. rubroreducta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from &quot;Río Topo&quot; is probably mislabelled and was presumably collected at higher elevations, the scant available elevational data do suggest that
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC6F317FA24FC51FE9FD1A8" authorityName="Pyrcz &amp; Greeney &amp; Willmott &amp; Wojtusiak" authorityYear="2011" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubroreducta">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC6F317FA24FC51FE9FD1A8" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. rubroreducta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
may in general inhabit slightly lower elevations than
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC6F317FC2DFC6DFBBFD1A8" box="[904,1034,944,968]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudata">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC6F317FC2DFC6DFBBFD1A8" box="[904,1034,944,968]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. fraudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which occurs in the
<collectingRegion id="8F6DE297FFC6F317FB59FC6CFAE5D1A7" box="[1276,1360,944,967]" country="Ecuador" name="Pastaza" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Pastaza</collectingRegion>
valley around and above Baños, as high as
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. Other specimens of
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC6F317FC2DFC09FBF5D18C" authorityName="Pyrcz &amp; Greeney &amp; Willmott &amp; Wojtusiak" authorityYear="2011" box="[904,1088,980,1004]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubroreducta">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC6F317FC2DFC09FBF5D18C" box="[904,1088,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. rubroreducta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
come from elevations slightly below
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.
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC6F317FEEFFC24FDEFD670" authorityName="Pyrcz &amp; Greeney &amp; Willmott &amp; Wojtusiak" authorityYear="2011" box="[330,602,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubroreducta">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC6F317FEEFFC24FDEFD670" box="[330,602,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Daedalma rubroreducta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC6F317FD31FC25FC97D670" box="[660,802,1016,1040]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviana">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC6F317FD31FC25FC97D670" box="[660,802,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. boliviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are apparently allopatric but there is no good reason to regard them as conspecific, since the characters that distinguish
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC6F317FCD5FBC1FB93D654" authorityName="Pyrcz &amp; Greeney &amp; Willmott &amp; Wojtusiak" authorityYear="2011" box="[880,1062,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubroreducta">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC6F317FCD5FBC1FB93D654" box="[880,1062,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. rubroreducta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC6F317FBC8FBC1FB45D654" box="[1133,1264,1052,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fraudata">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC6F317FBC8FBC1FB45D654" box="[1133,1264,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. fraudata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
all apply to an even greater extent to distinguishing
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC6F317FD90FB9DFD5FD638" authorityName="Pyrcz &amp; Greeney &amp; Willmott &amp; Wojtusiak" authorityYear="2011" box="[565,746,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubroreducta">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC6F317FD90FB9DFD5FD638" box="[565,746,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. rubroreducta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from
<taxonomicName id="8AA957F6FFC6F317FC8AFB9DFC0FD638" box="[815,954,1088,1112]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Daedalma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="boliviana">
<emphasis id="7FDDF067FFC6F317FC8AFB9DFC0FD638" box="[815,954,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">D. boliviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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