treatments-xml/data/B8/08/6A/B8086A1AFFBEFF91FF2FFA38D41EFE3C.xml

<document id="3652DA9189F653CF574675C478D38719" ID-CLB-Dataset="8942" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4868.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3c18edd0-e558-41f9-bb3d-d9c211baeb23" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417240" ID-ZooBank="D955549E-D742-4C5F-9A2B-127DF8B3275D" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1609804856707" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Stout, Jeremy B." docDate="2020" docId="B8086A1AFFBEFF91FF2FFA38D41EFE3C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4868.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4868 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Alligator hailensis Stout 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="4FA31525-7070-4BA7-BB48-781FFAE9C899" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="44311262FFBCFF9DFFB8FF9BD659FFED" masterDocTitle="New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution" masterLastPageNumber="60" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="43" updateTime="1698852330145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="85A6173ACCCA9289DD0758780DA8B6A9">New early Pleistocene Alligator (Eusuchia: Crocodylia) from Florida bridges a gap in Alligator evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="49F26FC133F0C0D57392A493D4772843">Stout, Jeremy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="492E722190DF81761D0B5B311B74C317">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A67A5D67936A77E826288990E1D97ECE">2020-10-23</mods:number>
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<treatment id="B8086A1AFFBEFF91FF2FFA38D41EFE3C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4436673" ID-GBIF-Taxon="176576103" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4436673" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:4FA31525-7070-4BA7-BB48-781FFAE9C899" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/B8086A1AFFBEFF91FF2FFA38D41EFE3C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<subSubSection id="78BB8887FFBEFF9FFF2FFA38D782FA53" box="[151,475,1443,1470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBEFF9FFF2FFA38D782FA53" blockId="2.[151,475,1443,1506]" box="[151,475,1443,1470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<heading id="6B566C60FFBEFF9FFF2FFA38D782FA53" bold="true" box="[151,475,1443,1470]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" reason="1">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBEFF9FFF2FFA38D782FA53" bold="true" box="[151,475,1443,1470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBEFF9FFF2FFA38D72FFA53" authority="Stout, 2020" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[151,374,1443,1470]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBEFF9FFF2FFA38D72FFA53" bold="true" box="[151,374,1443,1470]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Alligator hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="19E6BA65FFBEFF9FFEC5FA3FD782FA53" box="[381,475,1444,1470]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
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<subSubSection id="78BB8887FFBEFF9FFF2FFA5CD764FA0F" box="[151,317,1479,1506]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="description">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBEFF9FFF2FFA5CD764FA0F" blockId="2.[151,475,1443,1506]" box="[151,317,1479,1506]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
(
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFBEFF9FFF27FA5CD76DFA0F" box="[159,308,1479,1506]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStart-5="FIGURE 7" captionStart-6="FIGURE 8" captionStart-7="FIGURE 9" captionStart-8="FIGURE 10" captionStartId-0="4.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionStartId-1="5.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionStartId-3="7.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionStartId-4="8.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionStartId-5="9.[151,250,1153,1177]" captionStartId-6="10.[151,250,1290,1314]" captionStartId-7="11.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionStartId-8="12.[151,250,1409,1433]" captionTargetBox-0="[153,1424,195,1580]" captionTargetBox-1="[164,1419,288,1857]" captionTargetBox-2="[174,1416,198,1798]" captionTargetBox-3="[177,1405,194,1874]" captionTargetBox-4="[152,1435,192,1783]" captionTargetBox-5="[173,1415,191,1119]" captionTargetBox-6="[159,1430,207,1259]" captionTargetBox-7="[160,1428,640,1622]" captionTargetBox-8="[155,1429,494,1378]" captionTargetId-0="figure-27@4.[153,1434,181,1594]" captionTargetId-1="figure-70@5.[151,1436,273,1874]" captionTargetId-2="figure-27@6.[157,1430,181,1816]" captionTargetId-3="figure-16@7.[169,1418,181,1874]" captionTargetId-4="figure-27@8.[152,1435,181,1795]" captionTargetId-5="figure-16@9.[173,1415,181,1129]" captionTargetId-6="figure-27@10.[151,1436,199,1266]" captionTargetId-7="figure-211@11.[151,1436,633,1631]" captionTargetId-8="figure-164@12.[151,1436,489,1386]" captionTargetPageId-0="4" captionTargetPageId-1="5" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionTargetPageId-3="7" captionTargetPageId-4="8" captionTargetPageId-5="9" captionTargetPageId-6="10" captionTargetPageId-7="11" captionTargetPageId-8="12" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Alligator hailensis (UF 224688) skull shown in dorsal view with interpretive line drawing below. Abbreviations are angular (a), dentary (d), frontal (f), jugal (j), lacrimal (l), maxilla (m), nasal (n), parietal (p), postorbital (po), prefrontal (pf), premaxilla (pm), quadrate (q), quadratojugal (qj), squamosal (sq), and surangular (sa). Scale = 4 cm." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Posterior skull fragment of Alligator hailensis in dorsal view (UF 294863). Abbreviations are frontal (f), jugal (j), lacrimal (l), parietal (p), postorbital (po), prefrontal (pf), squamosal (sq), and supratemporal fenestra (STF). Scale = 2 cm." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Ventral view of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688) skull during laboratory preparation. Inset enlargement and drawing shows suture between left palatine and pterygoid. Abbreviations are: palatine (pal), pterygoid (pt), and suborbital fenestra (SOF). Scale = 2 cm." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Occipital region of Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688) in posterior view (top) and line drawing (bottom). Abbreviations are: basioccipital (bo), exoccipital (eo), foramen magnum (FM), parietal (p), posttemporal fenestra (PTF), squamosal (sq), and supraoccipital (so). Scale = 2 cm." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Comparison of anterior portion of splenial in lingual view. (A.) Alligator mississippiensis (ETMNH-Z 265) showing absence of anterior foramen intermandibularis oralis (FIO, splenial outlined in red), (B.) A. sinensis (ETMNH-Z 6953) with anterior FIO present (splenial outlined in red), and (C.) A. hailensis (UF 162533) showing autapomorphic incompletely closed anterior FIO (preserved portion of splenial outlined in white). Scale in each = 2 cm." captionText-5="FIGURE 7. Occlusal view of left Alligator lower jaws showing the role of the splenial in lingual alveolar support. Alligator hailensis (UF 162517), top, shows extensive splenial support of the posterior toothrow, more than seven posterior alveoli (splenial outlined in white). The dentary alone provides most of the lingual toothrow in the derived condition seen in A. mississippiensis (ETMNH-Z 265), five posterior alveoli or less, bottom. Abbreviations are: dentary (d) and splenial (spl). Numbers refer to alveoli (counted from posterior to anterior). Scale = 2 cm." captionText-6="FIGURE 8. Representative thoracic vertebra of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688) in (clockwise from top left) anterior, posterior, right lateral, and left lateral views. Scale = 2 cm." captionText-7="FIGURE 9. Dorsal osteoderms of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688). Scale = 2 cm." captionText-8="FIGURE 10. Appendicular elements of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688). (A.) Proximal portion of right humerus in posterior view. (B.) Anterior portion of left ilium in lateral view. (C.) Right and left femora in posterodorsal view. (D.) Left tibia in posterior view. (E.) Left metatarsal I and III, and right metatarsal I, all in dorsal view. (F.) Left calcaneum and astragalus, lateral view. (G.) Unguals of the manus, lateral view. Scale in each = 2 cm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417246" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417248" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417250" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417252" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417256" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417258" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417260" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417262" figureDoi-8="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417267" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4417246/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4417248/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4417250/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4417252/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4417256/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/4417258/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/4417260/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/4417262/files/figure.png" httpUri-8="https://zenodo.org/record/4417267/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Figures 2–10</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="78BB8887FFBEFF9EFF2FF98BD535FEF0" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBEFF9FFF2FF98BD55FF97B" blockId="2.[151,1437,1551,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<materialsCitation id="80C9D151FFBEFF9FFF2FF98BD55FF97B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015197303" accessionNumber="UF 224688" collectionCode="UF" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBEFF9FFF2FF98BD752F9C7" bold="true" box="[151,267,1552,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<typeStatus id="EF1A65AEFFBEFF9FFF2FF98BD75FF9C7" box="[151,262,1552,1578]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFEAAF98BD76FF9C7" box="[274,310,1552,1578]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
224688: complete skull with lower jaws and associated postcranial remains: thoracic and caudal vertebrae, 21 osteoderms, partial right coracoid, partial right humerus, partial right ulna, partial left ilium, both femora, left tibia, left fibula, right and left metatarsal 1, left metatarsal 3, left calcaneum, left astragalus, and left radiale, three unguals of the manus, and two unguals of the pes.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBEFF9FFF7FF904D4C2F8EF" blockId="2.[151,1437,1551,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBEFF9FFF7FF904D7FFF954" bold="true" box="[199,422,1695,1721]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Referred material.</emphasis>
Below are all identifiable 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBEFF9FFD6CF904D560F954" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1807" box="[724,825,1695,1721]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBEFF9FFD6CF904D560F954" box="[724,825,1695,1721]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Alligator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
skeletal remains from Haile 7C and Haile 7G, not including probable 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBEFF9FFEE3F958D799F930" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1807" box="[347,448,1731,1757]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBEFF9FFEE3F958D799F930" box="[347,448,1731,1757]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Alligator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fossils represented by nondiagnostic elements (listed in Appendix 2). Lists of preserved material are available as Supplementary Data.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBEFF9FFF7FF890D266F8A7" blockId="2.[151,1437,1551,2010]" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBEFF9FFF7FF890D774F8CB" box="[199,301,1803,1830]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Haile 7C</emphasis>
. Individuals with associated cranial and postcranial remains are: 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFBB9F897D27CF8CB" box="[1025,1061,1804,1830]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
124232, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFB34F897D2E9F8CB" box="[1164,1200,1804,1830]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
162502, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFAAFF897D362F8CB" box="[1303,1339,1804,1830]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
162517, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFF2FF8ABD6E2F8A7" box="[151,187,1840,1866]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
162532, and 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFEEBF8ABD72EF8A7" box="[339,375,1840,1866]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
162533. Cranial only remains are: 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFCBBF8ABD57EF8A7" box="[771,807,1840,1866]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
162503 and 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFC00F8ABD585F8A7" box="[952,988,1840,1866]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
162521.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBEFF9EFF7FF8C8D7F6FF38" blockId="2.[151,1437,1551,2010]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,150,2014]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="44" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBEFF9FFF7FF8C8D76FF880" box="[199,310,1875,1902]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="43">Haile 7G.</emphasis>
Individuals with associated cranial and postcranial remains are: 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFBB2F8CFD277F883" box="[1034,1070,1876,1902]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
224688, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFF2FF8E3D6E2F87F" box="[151,187,1912,1938]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
236900, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFE9FF8E3D712F87F" box="[295,331,1912,1938]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
243325, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFE0FF8E3D782F87F" box="[439,475,1912,1938]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
245621, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFDFEF8E3D433F87F" box="[582,618,1912,1938]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
246419, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFD6EF8E3D4A3F87F" box="[726,762,1912,1938]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
255281, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFCDEF8E3D5D3F87F" box="[870,906,1912,1938]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
257913, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFC4EF8E3D243F87F" box="[1014,1050,1912,1938]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
294858, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFB3DF8E3D2F0F87F" box="[1157,1193,1912,1938]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
294860, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFAADF8E3D360F87F" box="[1301,1337,1912,1938]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
294862, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFF2FF807D6E2F85B" box="[151,187,1948,1974]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
294863, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFE9FF807D712F85B" box="[295,331,1948,1974]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
294864, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFE0FF807D782F85B" box="[439,475,1948,1974]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
294865, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFDFEF807D433F85B" box="[582,618,1948,1974]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
294866, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFD6EF807D4A3F85B" box="[726,762,1948,1974]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
294868, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFCDEF807D5D3F85B" box="[870,906,1948,1974]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
299884, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFC4EF807D243F85B" box="[1014,1050,1948,1974]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310102, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFB3DF807D2F0F85B" box="[1157,1193,1948,1974]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310103, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFAADF807D360F85B" box="[1301,1337,1948,1974]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310104, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFF2FF85BD6E2F837" box="[151,187,1984,2010]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310105, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFE9EF85BD713F837" box="[294,330,1984,2010]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310106, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFE0DF85BD780F837" box="[437,473,1984,2010]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310111, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFDFAF85BD43FF837" box="[578,614,1984,2010]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310150, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFD69F85BD4ACF837" box="[721,757,1984,2010]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFCB4F85BD569F837" box="[780,816,1984,2010]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310224, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFC23F85BD5E6F837" box="[923,959,1984,2010]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310225, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFB92F85BD217F837" box="[1066,1102,1984,2010]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310226, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFB01F85BD284F837" box="[1209,1245,1984,2010]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310227, and 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBEFF9FFAC0F85BD3C5F837" box="[1400,1436,1984,2010]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="2" pageNumber="43" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310228. Cranial only remains are: 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBFFF9EFD99FF0CD41CFF5C" box="[545,581,151,177]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
247113, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBFFF9EFD17FF0CD48AFF5C" box="[687,723,151,177]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
257912, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBFFF9EFC85FF0CD538FF5C" box="[829,865,151,177]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310506, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBFFF9EFC74FF0CD5A9FF5C" box="[972,1008,151,177]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310639, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBFFF9EFBE3FF0CD226FF5C" box="[1115,1151,151,177]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310640, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBFFF9EFB52FF0CD357FF5C" box="[1258,1294,151,177]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310641, 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBFFF9EFAC0FF0CD3C5FF5C" box="[1400,1436,151,177]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310662, and 
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBFFF9EFE91FF20D714FF38" box="[297,333,187,213]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
310668.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBFFF9EFF7FFF45D535FEF0" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFF7FFF45D703FF15" bold="true" box="[199,346,222,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Occurrence.</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="56B043C9FFBFFF9EFED9FF44D7DCFF14" box="[353,389,223,249]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34858" name="Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology and Paleobotany" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="Museum">UF</collectionCode>
Localities Haile 7C and Haile 7G, western Alachua County, north-central 
<collectingRegion id="F26515EEFFBFFF9EFB72FF44D342FF14" box="[1226,1307,223,249]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Florida</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5430A6FDFFBFFF9EFA91FF44D6AEFEF3" author="Hulbert Jr., R. C. &amp; Bloch, J. &amp; Poyer, A." pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refId="ref8389" refString="Hulbert Jr., R. C., Bloch, J. &amp; Poyer, A. (2006) Exceptional preservation of vertebrates from Haile 7 G, a new late Pliocene site from Florida. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 26 (supplement to Number 3), 78 A- 79 A." type="book" year="2006">
Hulbert 
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFA30FF44D6EDFEF0" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
2006
</bibRefCitation>
), Latest Blancan, ca. 2 Ma (
<bibRefCitation id="5430A6FDFFBFFF9EFD97FE98D506FEF0" author="Morgan, G. S. &amp; Hulbert Jr., R. C." box="[559,863,258,285]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref8820" refString="Morgan, G. S. &amp; Hulbert Jr., R. C. (1995) Overview of the geology and vertebrate biochronology of the Leisey Shell Pit local fauna, Hillsborough County, Florida. Bulletin of the Florida Museum of Natural History, 37, 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1995">Morgan and Hulbert, 1995</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="78BB8887FFBFFF9EFF7FFEBDD7E6FDF4" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBFFF9EFF7FFEBDD7E6FDF4" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFF7FFEBDD71BFEAD" bold="true" box="[199,322,294,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFEF1FEBCD7F7FEAC" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1807" box="[329,430,295,321]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFEF1FEBCD7F7FEAC" box="[329,430,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Alligator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distinguishable from 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFD1CFEBCD546FEAC" authorityName=", Snyder" authorityYear="2007" box="[676,799,295,321]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefferdi">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFD1CFEBCD546FEAC" box="[676,799,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">A. mefferdi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in having a palatine/pterygoid suture situated anterior to the posterior edge of the suborbital fenestra and a linear frontoparietal suture. The splenial forms the medial wall of more than 40 per cent of the length of the mandibular tooth row (more than seven posterior alveoli), which distinguishes it from 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFEDCFE08D559FE43" authority="(Wu et al., 1996)" baseAuthorityName="Wu" baseAuthorityYear="1996" box="[356,768,403,430]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFEDCFE08D46EFE41" box="[356,567,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">A. mississippiensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5430A6FDFFBFFF9EFDFDFE08D4A1FE43" author="Wu, X-C. &amp; Brinkman, D. B. &amp; Russell, A. P." box="[581,760,403,430]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" pagination="351 - 375" refId="ref9472" refString="Wu, X-C., Brinkman, D. B. &amp; Russell, A. P. (1996) A new alligator from the Upper Cretaceous of Canada and the relationships of early eusuchians. Palaeontology, 39 (2), 351 - 375." type="journal article" year="1996">
Wu 
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFDCEFE08D4F7FE40" box="[630,686,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">et al.</emphasis>
, 1996
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. It differs from 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFC09FE08D261FE40" authorityName="Mook" authorityYear="1923" box="[945,1080,403,429]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="thomsoni">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFC09FE08D261FE40" box="[945,1080,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">A. thomsoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in possessing an anterodorsally projecting naris and a lingual foramen for the articular artery located on the surangular/articular suture (
<bibRefCitation id="5430A6FDFFBFFF9EFAF9FE2CD68AFE18" author="Brochu, C. A." pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refId="ref7486" refString="Brochu, C. A. (1999) Cranial morphology of Alligator mississippiensis and phylogeny of Alligatoroidea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 19 (Memoir 6), 100 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1999.10011201" type="book" year="1999">Brochu, 1999</bibRefCitation>
). Autapomorphic for the species is the presence, but incomplete closure of, the anterior foramen intermandibularis oralis on the splenial.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="78BB8887FFBFFF9EFF7FFDB8D5DBFDD0" box="[199,898,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBFFF9EFF7FFDB8D5DBFDD0" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2014]" box="[199,898,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFF7FFDB8D717FDD0" bold="true" box="[199,334,547,573]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named for the fossil sites Haile 7C and Haile 7G.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="78BB8887FFBFFF9EFF7FFDDCD51FFD68" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBFFF9EFF7FFDDCD51FFD68" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFF7FFDDCD762FD8C" bold="true" box="[199,315,583,609]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFEFDFDDCD441FD8C" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[325,536,583,609]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFEFDFDDCD441FD8C" box="[325,536,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Alligator hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was a large species comparable in size to the modern 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFB2DFDDCD333FD8D" box="[1173,1386,583,609]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFB2DFDDCD333FD8D" box="[1173,1386,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">A. mississippiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and highly derived within 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFE37FDF0D7ADFD68" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1807" box="[399,500,619,645]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFE37FDF0D7ADFD68" box="[399,500,619,645]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Alligator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but basal to the latter species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="78BB8887FFBFFF91FF7FFD15D41EFE3C" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" type="description">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBFFF9EFF7FFD15D690FCD4" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFF7FFD15D700FD45" bold="true" box="[199,345,654,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Description.</emphasis>
In overall form, 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFDA0FD14D4B0FD44" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[536,745,655,681]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFDA0FD14D4B0FD44" box="[536,745,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Alligator hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exhibits morphology consistent with other species of derived 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFF2FFD28D6A5FD20" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1807" box="[151,252,691,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFF2FFD28D6A5FD20" box="[151,252,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Alligator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Large at maturity, the skull of UF 224688 measures 
<quantity id="F75976E9FFBFFF9EFCEFFD29D5EBFD20" box="[855,946,690,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.25" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="cm" value="52.5">52.5 cm</quantity>
from the posterior margin of the parietal to the anterior portion of the premaxillae (midline length) and 
<quantity id="F75976E9FFBFFF9EFC91FD4DD534FD1C" box="[809,877,726,753]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="cm" value="15.0">15 cm</quantity>
across the maxillae at the fourth maxillary alveoli. Another large though incomplete specimen (UF 162517) measures 
<quantity id="F75976E9FFBFFF9EFC23FD60D5BAFCF8" box="[923,995,763,789]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" unit="cm" value="20.0">20 cm</quantity>
across the widest extent of the maxillary.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBFFF9EFF7FFCD8D308FBB4" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFF7FFCD8D7C9FCB0" box="[199,400,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Naris/Premaxilla.</emphasis>
The external narial region is best observed on UF 224688 and UF 310226. The naris is ovate in shape, bisected completely by the thin anterior projection of the paired nasals, and projects anterorodorsally. Anteriorly it opens flush with the premaxillae. The naris exhibits a lateral step of the premaxillae (the “deep notch” of 
<bibRefCitation id="5430A6FDFFBFFF9EFF2FFC34D769FC24" author="Brochu, C. A." box="[151,304,943,969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refId="ref7650" refString="Brochu, C. A. (2011) Phylogenetic relationships of Necrosuchus ionensis Simpson, 1937 and the early history of caimanines. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 163 (supplement 1), S 228 - S 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00716. x" type="book" year="2011">Brochu, 2011</bibRefCitation>
) that is similar to 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFE4FFC34D491FC25" box="[503,712,943,969]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFE4FFC34D491FC25" box="[503,712,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">A. mississippiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but less deep than that of the Moss Acres Racetrack 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFAB7FC34D32DFC24" authorityName="Cuvier" authorityYear="1807" box="[1295,1396,943,969]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFAB7FC34D32DFC24" box="[1295,1396,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Alligator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFA3CFC34D3CCFC24" box="[1412,1429,943,969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">A</emphasis>
. cf. 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFF03FC48D784FC00" authority=", Snyder, 2007" authorityName=", Snyder" authorityYear="2007" box="[187,477,979,1005]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefferdi">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFF03FC48D76FFC00" box="[187,310,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">A. mefferdi</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5430A6FDFFBFFF9EFEFCFC48D784FC00" author="Snyder, D." box="[324,477,979,1005]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" pagination="917 - 928" refId="ref9144" refString="Snyder, D. (2007) Morphology and systematics of two Miocene alligators from Florida, with a discussion of Alligator biogeography. Journal of Paleontology, 81 (5), 917 - 928. https: // doi. org / 10.1666 / pleo 05 - 104.1" type="journal article" year="2007">Snyder, 2007</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). The dorsal posterior processes of the premaxillae are shorter in UF 224688 than that observed in 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFE9AFC6CD7ACFBFD" box="[290,501,1015,1041]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFE9AFC6CD7ACFBFD" box="[290,501,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">A. mississippiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or 
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFDA4FC6CD46DFBFC" box="[540,564,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">A.</emphasis>
cf. 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFDD8FC6CD485FBFC" authorityName=", Snyder" authorityYear="2007" box="[608,732,1015,1041]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefferdi">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFDD8FC6CD485FBFC" box="[608,732,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">A. mefferdi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, extending only to the first maxillary alveolus (
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFBFFF9EFB40FC6CD305FBFC" box="[1272,1372,1015,1041]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[153,1424,195,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[153,1434,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Alligator hailensis (UF 224688) skull shown in dorsal view with interpretive line drawing below. Abbreviations are angular (a), dentary (d), frontal (f), jugal (j), lacrimal (l), maxilla (m), nasal (n), parietal (p), postorbital (po), prefrontal (pf), premaxilla (pm), quadrate (q), quadratojugal (qj), squamosal (sq), and surangular (sa). Scale = 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417246/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Figure 2</figureCitation>
). The premaxillary/maxillary suture possesses the ventral occlusal notch for the fourth dentary tooth. Five dental alveoli are found in the premaxillae of two individuals in which a count was possible (UF 310226 and UF 257912).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBFFF9EFF7FFBF8D447FAE0" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFF7FFBF8D77FFB90" box="[199,294,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Maxilla.</emphasis>
–Consistent with other 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFD91FBF8D51AFB90" authority="(Brochu, 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Brochu" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[553,835,1123,1149]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFD91FBF8D4D7FB90" box="[553,654,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Alligator</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5430A6FDFFBFFF9EFD25FBF8D562FB90" author="Brochu, C. A." box="[669,827,1123,1149]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refId="ref7486" refString="Brochu, C. A. (1999) Cranial morphology of Alligator mississippiensis and phylogeny of Alligatoroidea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 19 (Memoir 6), 100 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1999.10011201" type="book" year="1999">Brochu, 1999</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, the maxillary alveoli are round in cross-section, with conical anterior teeth and slightly laterally compressed posterior teeth with bulbous crowns. All teeth lack significant carinae. UF 257912 contains sixteen maxillary alveoli. The largest maxillary alveolus is the fourth and all maxillary teeth occlude labially with those of the dentary. The maxillary toothrow bows laterally around the fourth alveolus resulting in a rostral flare.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBFFF9EFF7FFA8CD34FFA97" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Though preservational compression obscures some features of the rostrum, UF 224688 and UF 310226 exhibit smooth rostral curvature and modest, but present paired dorsal sulci (canthi rostrali). The preorbital region slopes smoothly toward the rostrum enclosing its posterior margin completely (i.e. lacks antorbital fenestrae).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBFFF9EFF7FFA18D23AF9E4" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFF7FFA18D7C8FA71" box="[199,401,1411,1436]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Posterior rostrum</emphasis>
. The prefrontals are bordered on their medial margins posteriorly by a long anterior projection of the frontal and anteriorly by the nasals and extend farther anteriorly than the lacrimals, which is intact and visible in UF 294863 (
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFBFFF9EFE36FA50D7B6FA08" box="[398,495,1483,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,288,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-70@5.[151,1436,273,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Posterior skull fragment of Alligator hailensis in dorsal view (UF 294863). Abbreviations are frontal (f), jugal (j), lacrimal (l), parietal (p), postorbital (po), prefrontal (pf), squamosal (sq), and supratemporal fenestra (STF). Scale = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417248/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). When viewed through the orbit, the dorsal portion of the prefrontal pillar flares into a wide anteroposteriorly projecting process making up the anterodorsal orbital surface.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBFFF9EFF7FF988D430F998" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
The orbits are dorsally rounded, ventrally linear, and terminate in a lenticular anterior margin. As in other 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBFFF9EFAC2F988D7CCF9BC" authority="(Brochu, 1999)" baseAuthorityName="Brochu" baseAuthorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFAC2F988D6BAF9BC" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Alligator</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="5430A6FDFFBFFF9EFF4AF9ACD7D4F9BC" author="Brochu, C. A." box="[242,397,1591,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44" refId="ref7486" refString="Brochu, C. A. (1999) Cranial morphology of Alligator mississippiensis and phylogeny of Alligatoroidea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 19 (Memoir 6), 100 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1999.10011201" type="book" year="1999">Brochu, 1999</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
the dorsal rim of the orbit is raised in high relief relative to the skull table forming a narrow trough composed primarily of the frontal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBFFF9EFF7FF9E4D581F8C4" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Most of the ventral margins of both the orbit and infratemporal fenestra are formed by the jugal, and the quadratojugal forms the posterior portion of the infratemporal fenestra. The quadratojugal lacks an anterior projection (spine) and tapers to near termination dorsally toward the skull table. The quadrate contacts the postorbital dorsally and the quadratojugal anteriorly and forms the ventral floor of the external auditory meatus. A thin postorbital bar separates the posterior margin of the orbit from the infratemporal fenestra.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBFFF9EFF7FF8A8D222F830" blockId="3.[151,1437,150,2014]" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBFFF9EFF7FF8A8D711F8A0" box="[199,328,1843,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Skull table.</emphasis>
The frontoparietal suture is linear as viewed on the dorsum of the skull table, and the parietal is hourglass-shaped, forming the medial margins of the supratemporal fenestrae, and extends to the posteriormost margin of the skull table (
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFBFFF9EFE05F8E0D472F878" box="[445,555,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1618,1642]" captionTargetBox="[153,1424,195,1580]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[153,1434,181,1594]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Alligator hailensis (UF 224688) skull shown in dorsal view with interpretive line drawing below. Abbreviations are angular (a), dentary (d), frontal (f), jugal (j), lacrimal (l), maxilla (m), nasal (n), parietal (p), postorbital (po), prefrontal (pf), premaxilla (pm), quadrate (q), quadratojugal (qj), squamosal (sq), and surangular (sa). Scale = 4 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417246/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">Figures 2</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFBFFF9EFD80F8E0D411F878" box="[568,584,1915,1941]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1897,1921]" captionTargetBox="[164,1419,288,1857]" captionTargetId="figure-70@5.[151,1436,273,1874]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 3. Posterior skull fragment of Alligator hailensis in dorsal view (UF 294863). Abbreviations are frontal (f), jugal (j), lacrimal (l), parietal (p), postorbital (po), prefrontal (pf), squamosal (sq), and supratemporal fenestra (STF). Scale = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417248/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="44">3</figureCitation>
). Laterally the postorbital meets the squamosal via a suture that progresses ventral to the skull table anteriorly. The squamosals are heavily ossified in the mature UF 224688. The lateral bones of the skull table slope gradually into (and do not overhang) the supratemporal fenestrae.
</paragraph>
<caption id="64DE8B84FFB8FF99FF2FF9C9D377F95F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417246" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417246" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417246/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" startId="4.[151,250,1618,1642]" targetBox="[153,1424,195,1580]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB8FF99FF2FF9C9D377F95F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1618,1714]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB8FF99FF2FF9C9D74CF987" bold="true" box="[151,277,1618,1642]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB8FF99FE1BF9C9D43BF987" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[419,610,1618,1642]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB8FF99FE1BF9C9D43BF987" box="[419,610,1618,1642]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Alligator hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UF 224688) skull shown in dorsal view with interpretive line drawing below. Abbreviations are angular (a), dentary (d), frontal (f), jugal (j), lacrimal (l), maxilla (m), nasal (n), parietal (p), postorbital (po), prefrontal (pf), premaxilla (pm), quadrate (q), quadratojugal (qj), squamosal (sq), and surangular (sa). Scale = 4 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB8FF99FF7FF97BD29EF842" blockId="4.[151,1436,1760,2039]" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB8FF99FF7FF97BD741F917" box="[199,280,1760,1786]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Palate.</emphasis>
Ventrally, the palate is formed from the complete ventral closure of the premaxillae, maxillae, and palatines from the naris to the suborbital fenestrae and is observable in two mature individuals (UF 224688 and UF 310226) and one juvenile (UF 257913), though in all individuals lateral margins are obscured by their associated mandibles. The anterior palatine process is wide, pointed medially and extends anteriorly to the tenth maxillary alveolus in UF 224688. The ventral surface of UF 224688 is crushed but shows a palatine/pterygoid suture situated before the posterior margin of the suborbital fenestra (
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFB8FF99FD4DF80FD50EF842" box="[757,855,1940,1967]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[174,1416,198,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[157,1430,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral view of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688) skull during laboratory preparation. Inset enlargement and drawing shows suture between left palatine and pterygoid. Abbreviations are: palatine (pal), pterygoid (pt), and suborbital fenestra (SOF). Scale = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417250/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">Figure 4</figureCitation>
), which differs from 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB8FF99FBFDF80ED299F843" authorityName=", Snyder" authorityYear="2007" box="[1093,1216,1940,1967]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="4" pageNumber="45" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefferdi">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB8FF99FBFDF80ED299F843" box="[1093,1216,1940,1967]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">A. mefferdi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB8FF98FF7FF823D359FF14" blockId="4.[151,1436,1760,2039]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,249]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="4" pageNumber="45">
Laterally and posteriorly the ectopterygoid is separated from the maxillary toothrow and tapers to a point at its anteriormost margin. Suborbital fenestrae are obscured or obliterated in all specimens, though UF 224688 shows that they are formed laterally by the maxillae and medially by the palatines. The posterior margin of the suborbital fenestra is formed by the contact between the pterygoid and ectopterygoid (seen in UF 124232 and UF 224688). The anterior extent of the suborbital fenestra is the eleventh maxillary alveolus (in UF 224688, 
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFB9FF98FB29FF44D2ABFF14" box="[1169,1266,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1840,1864]" captionTargetBox="[174,1416,198,1798]" captionTargetId="figure-27@6.[157,1430,181,1816]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Ventral view of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688) skull during laboratory preparation. Inset enlargement and drawing shows suture between left palatine and pterygoid. Abbreviations are: palatine (pal), pterygoid (pt), and suborbital fenestra (SOF). Scale = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417250/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Figure 4</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="64DE8B84FFB9FF98FF2FF8F2D333F848" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417248" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417248" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417248/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" startId="5.[151,250,1897,1921]" targetBox="[164,1419,288,1857]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB9FF98FF2FF8F2D333F848" blockId="5.[151,1437,1897,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB9FF98FF2FF8F2D74AF86C" bold="true" box="[151,275,1897,1921]" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Posterior skull fragment of 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB9FF98FD89F8F2D4B4F86C" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[561,749,1897,1921]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="5" pageNumber="46" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB9FF98FD89F8F2D4B4F86C" box="[561,749,1897,1921]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="46">Alligator hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in dorsal view (UF 294863). Abbreviations are frontal (f), jugal (j), lacrimal (l), parietal (p), postorbital (po), prefrontal (pf), squamosal (sq), and supratemporal fenestra (STF). Scale = 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="64DE8B84FFBAFF9BFF2FF8ABD454F87D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417250" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417250" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417250/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" startId="6.[151,250,1840,1864]" targetBox="[174,1416,198,1798]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBAFF9BFF2FF8ABD454F87D" blockId="6.[151,1437,1840,1936]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBAFF9BFF2FF8ABD74DF8A5" bold="true" box="[151,276,1840,1864]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Ventral view of the 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBAFF9BFE52F8ABD4FEF8A5" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[490,679,1840,1864]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBAFF9BFE52F8ABD4FEF8A5" box="[490,679,1840,1864]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Alligator hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype (UF 224688) skull during laboratory preparation. Inset enlargement and drawing shows suture between left palatine and pterygoid. Abbreviations are: palatine (pal), pterygoid (pt), and suborbital fenestra (SOF). Scale = 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="64DE8B84FFBBFF9AFF2FF8F1D4D5F827" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417252" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417252/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" startId="7.[151,250,1898,1922]" targetBox="[177,1405,194,1874]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFBBFF9AFF2FF8F1D4D5F827" blockId="7.[151,1437,1898,1995]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBBFF9AFF2FF8F1D74DF86E" bold="true" box="[151,276,1898,1923]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
Occipital region of 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFBBFF9AFE5EF8F1D4FDF86F" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[486,676,1898,1922]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFBBFF9AFE5EF8F1D4FDF86F" box="[486,676,1898,1922]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Alligator hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype (UF 224688) in posterior view (top) and line drawing (bottom). Abbreviations are: basioccipital (bo), exoccipital (eo), foramen magnum (FM), parietal (p), posttemporal fenestra (PTF), squamosal (sq), and supraoccipital (so). Scale = 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="64DE8B84FFB4FF95FF2FF881D5BEF873" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417256" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417256/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" startId="8.[151,250,1818,1842]" targetBox="[152,1435,192,1783]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB4FF95FF2FF881D5BEF873" blockId="8.[151,1436,1818,1951]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB4FF95FF2FF881D74AF8DE" bold="true" box="[151,275,1818,1843]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
Comparison of anterior portion of splenial in lingual view. (A.) 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB4FF95FC27F880D2FAF8DF" box="[927,1187,1819,1843]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB4FF95FC27F880D2FAF8DF" box="[927,1187,1819,1843]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Alligator mississippiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ETMNH-Z 265) showing absence of anterior foramen intermandibularis oralis (FIO, splenial outlined in red), (B.) 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB4FF95FB84F8A4D2F1F8BB" baseAuthorityName="Fauvel" baseAuthorityYear="1879" box="[1084,1192,1855,1878]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB4FF95FB84F8A4D2F1F8BB" box="[1084,1192,1855,1878]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">A. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ETMNH-Z 6953) with anterior FIO present (splenial outlined in red), and (C.) 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB4FF95FD76F8F8D51DF896" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[718,836,1891,1915]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB4FF95FD76F8F8D51DF896" box="[718,836,1891,1915]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">A. hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UF 162533) showing autapomorphic incompletely closed anterior FIO (preserved portion of splenial outlined in white). Scale in each = 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="64DE8B84FFB5FF94FF2FFB1AD4A5FAC4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417258" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417258/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" startId="9.[151,250,1153,1177]" targetBox="[173,1415,191,1119]" targetPageId="9">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB5FF94FF2FFB1AD4A5FAC4" blockId="9.[151,1437,1153,1321]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB5FF94FF2FFB1AD74DFB74" bold="true" box="[151,276,1153,1177]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Occlusal view of left 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB5FF94FE44FB1AD401FB74" baseAuthorityName="Brochu" baseAuthorityYear="1999" box="[508,600,1153,1177]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB5FF94FE44FB1AD401FB74" box="[508,600,1153,1177]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Alligator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lower jaws showing the role of the splenial in lingual alveolar support. 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB5FF94FAF9FB1AD6A8FB50" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB5FF94FAF9FB1AD6A8FB50" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Alligator hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(UF 162517), top, shows extensive splenial support of the posterior toothrow, more than seven posterior alveoli (splenial outlined in white). The dentary alone provides most of the lingual toothrow in the derived condition seen in 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB5FF94FAA3FB51D684FAE8" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB5FF94FAA3FB51D684FAE8" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">A. mississippiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(ETMNH-Z 265), five posterior alveoli or less, bottom. Abbreviations are: dentary (d) and splenial (spl). Numbers refer to alveoli (counted from posterior to anterior). Scale = 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB5FF94FF7FFACCD5F6FA54" blockId="9.[151,1437,1367,2042]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Though crushed, the lateral edges of the posterior pterygoids in several individuals are interpreted to flare ventrally producing a shelf, and extend farther ventrally than the ectopterygoid. The internal choana is septate (with an outward-projecting septum) and is enclosed entirely by the pterygoids.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB5FF94FF7FFA58D7E9F913" blockId="9.[151,1437,1367,2042]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB5FF94FF7FFA58D7D1FA30" box="[199,392,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Occipital region.</emphasis>
The posterior of the skull and braincase of 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB5FF94FC3BFA58D20CFA30" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[899,1109,1475,1501]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB5FF94FC3BFA58D20CFA30" box="[899,1109,1475,1501]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Alligator hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is observable in UF 224688 (
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFB5FF94FF27FA7CD758F9EF" box="[159,257,1511,1538]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1898,1922]" captionTargetBox="[177,1405,194,1874]" captionTargetId="figure-16@7.[169,1418,181,1874]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Occipital region of Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688) in posterior view (top) and line drawing (bottom). Abbreviations are: basioccipital (bo), exoccipital (eo), foramen magnum (FM), parietal (p), posttemporal fenestra (PTF), squamosal (sq), and supraoccipital (so). Scale = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417252" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417252/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Figure 5</figureCitation>
) and UF 310226 (both from Haile 7G), and in the obliquely compressed UF 162533 (from Haile 7C). When viewed posteriorly the dorsal surface is nearly horizontal and made up of the squamosals laterally and by the parietal medially. Overlain by the parietal is the supraoccipital, which possesses paired posterolateral projections on its dorsal surface. The triangular-shaped supraoccipital is bordered laterally and ventrally by the exoccipitals. The exoccipitals form the dorsal and lateral margins of the foramen magnum. The basioccipital forms the ventral surface of the foramen magnum (as the occipital condyle) and continues ventrally as a laterally wide, thin plate. The basisphenoid should exist as a thin flange inferior to the basioccipital (
<bibRefCitation id="5430A6FDFFB5FF94FC0CF924D209F937" author="Brochu, C. A." box="[948,1104,1727,1754]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refId="ref7650" refString="Brochu, C. A. (2011) Phylogenetic relationships of Necrosuchus ionensis Simpson, 1937 and the early history of caimanines. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 163 (supplement 1), S 228 - S 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00716. x" type="book" year="2011">Brochu, 2011</bibRefCitation>
) but was not observed in any specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB5FF94FE9EF97FD7F0F910" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[294,425,1763,1790]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB5FF94FE9EF97FD7F0F910" box="[294,425,1763,1790]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">A. hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB5FF94FF7FF89CD4DCF817" blockId="9.[151,1437,1367,2042]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB5FF94FF7FF89CD763F8CC" box="[199,314,1799,1825]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Mandible.</emphasis>
The mandible is best preserved and viewed in UF 224688 (Haile 7G) and UF 162533 (Haile 7C). The left mandible of UF 162533 contains 21 alveoli. The fourth dentary alveolus is larger than, and separated from (not confluent with), the third alveolus and the anterior teeth exhibit an anterodorsal projection. The dentary symphysis extends to the fourth alveolus. The curvature of the dentary between the fourth and tenth alveoli appears to be variable in 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB5FF94FF54F803D728F85C" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[236,369,1943,1970]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB5FF94FF54F803D728F85C" box="[236,369,1943,1970]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">A. hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with most specimens displaying slight curvature whereas the 
<typeStatus id="EF1A65AEFFB5FF94FB82F80CD2C5F85C" box="[1082,1180,1943,1969]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
is nearly linear across this range. The largest dentary tooth and alveolus is the fourth (as in other 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB5FF94FC67F820D2B4F83B" authority=", Brochu, 1999" authorityName=", Brochu" authorityYear="1999" box="[991,1261,1979,2006]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB5FF94FC67F820D21DF838" box="[991,1092,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">Alligator</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5430A6FDFFB5FF94FBEBF820D2B4F83B" author="Brochu, C. A." box="[1107,1261,1979,2006]" pageId="9" pageNumber="50" refId="ref7486" refString="Brochu, C. A. (1999) Cranial morphology of Alligator mississippiensis and phylogeny of Alligatoroidea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 19 (Memoir 6), 100 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1999.10011201" type="book" year="1999">Brochu, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) while the next largest is the 14 
<superScript id="C7D47644FFB5FF94FEFFF844D70DF800" attach="none" box="[327,340,2015,2029]" fontSize="6" pageId="9" pageNumber="50">th</superScript>
, observable in UF 162533.
</paragraph>
<caption id="64DE8B84FFB6FF97FF2FFA91D574FAA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417260" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417260/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" startId="10.[151,250,1290,1314]" targetBox="[159,1430,207,1259]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB6FF97FF2FFA91D574FAA8" blockId="10.[151,1436,1290,1350]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB6FF97FF2FFA91D74AFACF" bold="true" box="[151,275,1290,1314]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
Representative thoracic vertebra of the 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB6FF97FD15FA91D530FACF" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[685,873,1290,1314]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB6FF97FD15FA91D530FACF" box="[685,873,1290,1314]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Alligator hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype (UF 224688) in (clockwise from top left) anterior, posterior, right lateral, and left lateral views. Scale = 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB6FF97FF7FFAEFD29DF91B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1396,2035]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
Lingually and anteriorly, the splenial is excluded from the mandibular symphysis, but as seen in UF 162533, it occupies greater dorsoventral space than that seen in 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB6FF97FD48FA02D59BFA5F" box="[752,962,1433,1459]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB6FF97FD48FA02D59BFA5F" box="[752,962,1433,1459]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">A. mississippiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, even at its anterior-most terminus. In addition, UF 162533 exhibited a new character state altogether, which is assumed to be diagnostic for the species: the anterior foramen intermandibularis oralis (FIO) is present but open anteriorly, which differs from both the 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB6FF97FAF3FA7AD692F9F3" authorityName=", Snyder" authorityYear="2007" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefferdi">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB6FF97FAF3FA7AD692F9F3" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">A. mefferdi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
state (in which the FIO is present and fully enclosed by the splenial) and the 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB6FF97FB99F99ED2AAF9F3" box="[1057,1267,1541,1567]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mississippiensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB6FF97FB99F99ED2AAF9F3" box="[1057,1267,1541,1567]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">A. mississippiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
state (the anterior FIO is absent) and subsequently required a revision to the matrix description of 
<bibRefCitation id="5430A6FDFFB6FF97FBF0F9B3D2B9F9AF" author="Brochu, C. A." box="[1096,1248,1576,1602]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" refId="ref7650" refString="Brochu, C. A. (2011) Phylogenetic relationships of Necrosuchus ionensis Simpson, 1937 and the early history of caimanines. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 163 (supplement 1), S 228 - S 256. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.2011.00716. x" type="book" year="2011">Brochu, 2011</bibRefCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFB6FF97FB57F9B3D316F9AF" box="[1263,1359,1576,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1818,1842]" captionTargetBox="[152,1435,192,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-27@8.[152,1435,181,1795]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Comparison of anterior portion of splenial in lingual view. (A.) Alligator mississippiensis (ETMNH-Z 265) showing absence of anterior foramen intermandibularis oralis (FIO, splenial outlined in red), (B.) A. sinensis (ETMNH-Z 6953) with anterior FIO present (splenial outlined in red), and (C.) A. hailensis (UF 162533) showing autapomorphic incompletely closed anterior FIO (preserved portion of splenial outlined in white). Scale in each = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417256" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417256/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Figure 6</figureCitation>
shows all three character states). This character was only observed in one individual presumably because taphonomic bias tends to obliterate the narrow anterior portions of splenials in derived 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB6FF97FC1EF9EBD252F967" authorityName=", Brochu" authorityYear="1999" box="[934,1035,1648,1674]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB6FF97FC1EF9EBD252F967" box="[934,1035,1648,1674]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Alligator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(where the anterior FIO is located). However, the presence of a dorsoventrally expanded anterior portion of the splenial (which contains the anterior FIO) can be inferred as a scar on the dentary ventral to the 5 
<superScript id="C7D47644FFB6FF97FC86F923D512F92B" attach="left" box="[830,843,1720,1734]" fontSize="6" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">th</superScript>
alveolus (as counted from anterior to posterior), and is observable in UF 162532, UF 162506, UF 162517, UF 224688, UF 294867, and UF 310226.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB6FF97FF7FF89BD307F86B" blockId="10.[151,1437,1396,2035]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
Posteriorly, the splenial forms the alveolar wall for greater than or equal to 40 per cent of the mandibular toothrow (more than seven posterior alveoli, 
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFB6FF97FD20F8BFD4A0F8D2" box="[664,761,1828,1855]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1153,1177]" captionTargetBox="[173,1415,191,1119]" captionTargetId="figure-16@9.[173,1415,181,1129]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Occlusal view of left Alligator lower jaws showing the role of the splenial in lingual alveolar support. Alligator hailensis (UF 162517), top, shows extensive splenial support of the posterior toothrow, more than seven posterior alveoli (splenial outlined in white). The dentary alone provides most of the lingual toothrow in the derived condition seen in A. mississippiensis (ETMNH-Z 265), five posterior alveoli or less, bottom. Abbreviations are: dentary (d) and splenial (spl). Numbers refer to alveoli (counted from posterior to anterior). Scale = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417258" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417258/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Figure 7</figureCitation>
, the basal 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB6FF97FCCBF8BED5B6F8D3" authorityName=", Snyder" authorityYear="2007" box="[883,1007,1828,1855]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mefferdi">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB6FF97FCCBF8BED5B6F8D3" box="[883,1007,1828,1855]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">A. mefferdi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
condition from 
<bibRefCitation id="5430A6FDFFB6FF97FB10F8BED304F8D2" author="Wu, X-C. &amp; Brinkman, D. B. &amp; Russell, A. P." box="[1192,1373,1828,1855]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" pagination="351 - 375" refId="ref9472" refString="Wu, X-C., Brinkman, D. B. &amp; Russell, A. P. (1996) A new alligator from the Upper Cretaceous of Canada and the relationships of early eusuchians. Palaeontology, 39 (2), 351 - 375." type="journal article" year="1996">
Wu 
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB6FF97FB60F8BED34BF8D3" box="[1240,1298,1828,1854]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">et al.</emphasis>
, 1996
</bibRefCitation>
). The splenial contains a singular posterior perforation for cranial nerve V (posterior foramen intermandibularis oralis) observable in UF 224688 and UF 162533. The coronoid was not preserved intact in any specimens observed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB6FF96FF7FF80BD342FF14" blockId="10.[151,1437,1396,2035]" lastBlockId="11.[151,1437,151,609]" lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
Labially and posteriorly, the angular and surangular suture meet posterior and dorsal to the external mandibular fenestra. The anterior extent of both the surangular and angular are approximately equal in mature individuals, though UF 294867 exhibits a longer anterior process of the angular. The external mandibular fenestra is large and variable relative to overall size (see 
<tableCitation id="7D23EEB7FFB7FF96FD92FF0CD423FF5C" box="[554,634,151,177]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="15.[151,239,466,492]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in cm) of Alligator hailensis with cranial and associated postcranial remains (*denotes element that is obscured or taphonomically deformed). Right (R) or left (L) elements are noted where applicable" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Table 1</tableCitation>
) and is enclosed anteriorly by the dentary, ventrally by the angular, and dorsally by the surangular. Dorsally the surangular abuts the posterior dentary toothrow. The articular/surangular suture is simple and the articular joins the angular and surangular at its ventral and anteriormost extent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB7FF96FF7FFE98D57FFE64" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">The lingual foramen for the articular artery lies on the articular/surangular suture. Both right and left articulars of a large individual are best observed on UF 236900 but neither preserve the articular foramen aerum, which suggests its presence at the lingual margin. The retroarticular process is large, projects posterodorsally, and its posteriormost margin is formed by the angular and articular only.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB7FF96FF7FFE08D6A8FE3C" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB7FF96FF7FFE08D7AAFE40" box="[199,499,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Axial and epaxial skeleton</emphasis>
. Postcranial measurements of associated individuals are found with cranial data in 
<tableCitation id="7D23EEB7FFB7FF96FF2FFE2CD6B2FE3C" box="[151,235,439,465]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="15.[151,239,466,492]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in cm) of Alligator hailensis with cranial and associated postcranial remains (*denotes element that is obscured or taphonomically deformed). Right (R) or left (L) elements are noted where applicable" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Table 1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB7FF96FF7FFE40D7F1FD8C" blockId="11.[151,1437,151,609]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
Axial and epaxial (
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFB7FF96FE21FE40D45DFE18" box="[409,516,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1290,1314]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,207,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-27@10.[151,1436,199,1266]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Representative thoracic vertebra of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688) in (clockwise from top left) anterior, posterior, right lateral, and left lateral views. Scale = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417260/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Figures 8</figureCitation>
, 
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFB7FF96FDA8FE40D446FE18" box="[528,543,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,640,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-211@11.[151,1436,633,1631]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Dorsal osteoderms of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688). Scale = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417262/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">9</figureCitation>
) elements of 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB7FF96FD0DFE40D561FE18" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[693,824,475,501]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB7FF96FD0DFE40D561FE18" box="[693,824,475,501]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">A. hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appear to be largely similar in morphology to other 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB7FF96FAC2FE40D6BAFDF4" authorityName=", Brochu" authorityYear="1999" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB7FF96FAC2FE40D6BAFDF4" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Alligator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, though the amount of complete and nearly complete postcranial material across ontogenetic stages is greater than in any other known fossil 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB7FF96FE48FDB8D40CFDD0" authorityName=", Brochu" authorityYear="1999" box="[496,597,547,573]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB7FF96FE48FDB8D40CFDD0" box="[496,597,547,573]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Alligator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The presacral centra are strongly procoelous and the vertebrae possess tall neural spines (
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFB7FF96FE81FDDCD7C2FD8C" box="[313,411,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1290,1314]" captionTargetBox="[159,1430,207,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-27@10.[151,1436,199,1266]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Representative thoracic vertebra of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688) in (clockwise from top left) anterior, posterior, right lateral, and left lateral views. Scale = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417260" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417260/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Figure 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="64DE8B84FFB7FF96FF2FF9ECD203F962" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4417262" box="[151,1114,1655,1679]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417262/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" startId="11.[151,250,1655,1679]" targetBox="[160,1428,640,1622]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB7FF96FF2FF9ECD203F962" blockId="11.[151,1114,1655,1679]" box="[151,1114,1655,1679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB7FF96FF2FF9ECD74AF962" bold="true" box="[151,275,1655,1679]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
Dorsal osteoderms of the 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB7FF96FDA6F9ECD483F962" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[542,730,1655,1679]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB7FF96FDA6F9ECD483F962" box="[542,730,1655,1679]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Alligator hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
holotype (UF 224688). Scale = 2 cm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB7FF96FF7FF926D711F88A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1725,2040]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB7FF96FF7FF926D7CEF93A" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[199,407,1725,1751]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB7FF96FF7FF926D7CEF93A" box="[199,407,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Alligator hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks ventral armor (as in other 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB7FF96FCBBF926D24BF935" authority=", Brochu, 1999" authorityName=", Brochu" authorityYear="1999" box="[771,1042,1725,1752]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB7FF96FCBBF926D531F93A" box="[771,872,1725,1751]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Alligator</emphasis>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="5430A6FDFFB7FF96FCCEF926D24BF935" author="Brochu, C. A." box="[886,1042,1725,1752]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" refId="ref7486" refString="Brochu, C. A. (1999) Cranial morphology of Alligator mississippiensis and phylogeny of Alligatoroidea. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 19 (Memoir 6), 100 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 02724634.1999.10011201" type="book" year="1999">Brochu, 1999</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
). The dorsal osteoderms are keeled (
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFB7FF96FF27F97AD758F911" box="[159,257,1761,1788]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1655,1679]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,640,1622]" captionTargetId="figure-211@11.[151,1436,633,1631]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 9. Dorsal osteoderms of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688). Scale = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417262" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417262/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Figure 9</figureCitation>
), with midline osteoderms being square or nearly square in shape and with smooth margins. Articulation and pattern of osteoderms is best preserved in the articulated remains of UF 310226, a mature individual that shows eight rows of non-overlapping dorsal osteoderms, though preservation obscures precise determination of number and orientation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB7FF91FF7FF8EAD2DDFF38" blockId="11.[151,1437,1725,2040]" lastBlockId="12.[151,1437,151,465]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB7FF96FF7FF8EAD793F866" box="[199,458,1905,1931]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Appendicular skeleton.</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="80C9D151FFB7FF91FE68F8EAD226FF38" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015197302" accessionNumber="UF 224688, UF 310226" collectionCode="UF" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
Preserved appendicular elements of the 
<typeStatus id="EF1A65AEFFB7FF96FC37F8EAD5A8F866" box="[911,1009,1905,1931]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
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224688) are shown in 
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFB7FF96FA9FF8EAD3CFF861" box="[1319,1430,1905,1932]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1409,1433]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,494,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-164@12.[151,1436,489,1386]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Appendicular elements of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688). (A.) Proximal portion of right humerus in posterior view. (B.) Anterior portion of left ilium in lateral view. (C.) Right and left femora in posterodorsal view. (D.) Left tibia in posterior view. (E.) Left metatarsal I and III, and right metatarsal I, all in dorsal view. (F.) Left calcaneum and astragalus, lateral view. (G.) Unguals of the manus, lateral view. Scale in each = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417267/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Figure 10</figureCitation>
. The scapula, coracoid and humerus are observable in articulation in 
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310226. The deltoid crest of the scapula is wide and with a broad margin. The deltopectoral crest emerges sharply from the proximal end of the humerus and is concave. The ulna (preserved in several individuals) is gently curved and robust relative to the radius, with a proximal end approximately twice as wide as its distal end, and possesses a wide and rounded olecranon process. Forelimb elements are nearly equal in length to homologous hindlimb elements (
<tableCitation id="7D23EEB7FFB0FF91FBA7FF20D22AFF38" box="[1055,1139,187,213]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="15.[151,239,466,492]" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements (in cm) of Alligator hailensis with cranial and associated postcranial remains (*denotes element that is obscured or taphonomically deformed). Right (R) or left (L) elements are noted where applicable" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB0FF91FF7FFF44D7BDFEAC" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<materialsCitation id="80C9D151FFB0FF91FF7FFF44D784FEAC" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3015197301" accessionNumber="UF 310226" collectionCode="UF" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
The left ilium, both femora, and three metatarsals of the 
<typeStatus id="EF1A65AEFFB0FF91FCE8FF44D5EBFF14" box="[848,946,223,249]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
are preserved and shown in 
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFB0FF91FB43FF44D335FF14" box="[1275,1388,223,249]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="12.[151,250,1409,1433]" captionTargetBox="[155,1429,494,1378]" captionTargetId="figure-164@12.[151,1436,489,1386]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 10. Appendicular elements of the Alligator hailensis holotype (UF 224688). (A.) Proximal portion of right humerus in posterior view. (B.) Anterior portion of left ilium in lateral view. (C.) Right and left femora in posterodorsal view. (D.) Left tibia in posterior view. (E.) Left metatarsal I and III, and right metatarsal I, all in dorsal view. (F.) Left calcaneum and astragalus, lateral view. (G.) Unguals of the manus, lateral view. Scale in each = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417267/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Figure 10</figureCitation>
. 
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310226 preserves semiarticulated pelvic and hindlimb elements and they are indistinguishable to this author from other late Cenozoic 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB0FF91FEC0FEBCD784FEAC" authorityName=", Brochu" authorityYear="1999" box="[376,477,295,321]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB0FF91FEC0FEBCD784FEAC" box="[376,477,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Alligator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="301EDB0CFFB0FF91FF7FFED0D41EFE3C" blockId="12.[151,1437,151,465]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB0FF91FF7FFED0D714FE88" box="[199,333,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Ichnofossils</emphasis>
. In addition to the skeletal remains, several coprolites attributed to 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB0FF91FBF0FED0D2F4FE88" authorityName=", Brochu" authorityYear="1999" box="[1096,1197,331,357]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB0FF91FBF0FED0D2F4FE88" box="[1096,1197,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Alligator</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have been recovered from both Haile 7C and Haile 7G and are assumed here to have been deposited by 
<taxonomicName id="F7A1A08FFFB0FF91FB84FEF4D299FE64" authorityName="Stout" authorityYear="2020" box="[1084,1216,367,393]" class="Reptilia" family="Alligatoridae" genus="Alligator" kingdom="Animalia" order="Crocodylia" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hailensis">
<emphasis id="02D5071EFFB0FF91FB84FEF4D299FE64" box="[1084,1216,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">A. hailensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Two of these from Haile 7C (UF 162529 and UF 162530) contain inclusions identifiable as fish (Osteicthyes). Some of the better preserved excreta are shown in 
<figureCitation id="A89AC789FFB0FF91FE6DFE2CD41AFE3C" box="[469,579,439,465]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1717,1741]" captionTargetBox="[165,1423,357,1681]" captionTargetId="figure-96@13.[151,1436,345,1694]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 11. Coprolites from Haile 7C (right, UF 162527, and top left, UF 162528) and Haile 7G (left middle, UF 310185, and left bottom, UF 310180) attributed to Alligator hailensis. Scale = 2 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4417269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4417269/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Figure 11</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>