519 lines
71 KiB
XML
519 lines
71 KiB
XML
<document id="6DD382C225EB400DDC9ED4F9CDFA8BE1" ID-CLB-Dataset="34447" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264" ID-GBIF-Dataset="48bd4e9c-4763-413e-8389-359c4c55bc8c" ID-PMC="PMC4768370" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-560-1" ID-PubMed="27006611" ID-ZooBank="F4C1691C13584FA9A031E305DEE2B6A2" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-560-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 560" ModsDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States" checkinTime="1454620567459" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hamilton, Chris A., Hendrixson, Brent E. & Bond, Jason E." docDate="2016" docId="A2FBE50D80848FFEDEFBFD89C551B120" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 560: 1-340" docOrigin="ZooKeys 560" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264" docTitle="Aphonopelma vorhiesi Chamberlin & Ivie 1939" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="254" masterDocId="FFAAA03F4F6CFFFEFF94FFF0FFBDFFE9" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States" masterLastPageNumber="340" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="245" updateTime="1701384827170" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="518983A9E40EC3638EF1B1CD350A7B2C">Taxonomic revision of the tarantula genus Aphonopelma Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Theraphosidae) within the United States</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="5273023969BBA8A52110FCD6902278F7">Hamilton, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F6A9078FFFBC4572C079591DC6D7C09B">Hendrixson, Brent E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D2661FCE73CA0126CA3FFCC21F8860F2">Bond, Jason E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DF56EE9E20F1BE9E3FBD4103A718643F">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="690B60A6EE77F1617BE348099CC1D050">2016</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="CF5C9707B59B2E10A5245215335E43D3" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.560.6264</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="A2FBE50D80848FFEDEFBFD89C551B120" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127884987" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:A2FBE50D80848FFEDEFBFD89C551B120" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/A2FBE50D80848FFEDEFBFD89C551B120" lastPageId="253" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">
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<subSubSection id="A17132916187C96C57B08C787A2B80A3" pageId="244" pageNumber="245" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="516F9E331F4E88F98AEE877306FE70B2" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">Taxon classification Animalia Araneae Theraphosidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AEB878E004ABC33AB0E9ADFE8482DBF3" pageId="244" pageNumber="245" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="EB3CF78FEBAF28048E5FC06F3F8A17F9" pageId="244" pageNumber="245">
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<taxonomicName id="F3439FB5D16A9FC9A3537B44B54B6E33" ID-CoL="5VMPC" authority="Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939" authorityName="Chamberlin & Ivie" authorityYear="1939" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="244" pageNumber="245" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939)</taxonomicName>
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Figures 142, 143, 144, 145, 146; Suppl. material 4
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A71C234F9BA2C63FD9187A099F6F3697" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="91A942D2F5F1086994EFA84725235145" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName id="C4B27D02291BD06C3D482DA3D551FE7F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Delopelma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Delopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">
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<pageBreakToken id="2FD7F3DA5EDC474391E529626675BC6C" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" start="start">Delopelma</pageBreakToken>
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vorhiesi
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</taxonomicName>
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Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939: 7; male holotype and male paratype from Tucson, Pima Co., Arizona, 32.221743 -110.926479 6, elev. 2473ft., no collecting date, coll. Prof. C.T. Vorhies; deposited in AMNH. [examined]
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4EB7CC165182EF39899D127F9BE08280" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName id="6A6F44216E6CD001FC9F574171DC3C53" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Rhechostica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhechostica vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Rhechostica vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
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Raven, 1985: 149.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="15C2DADCEA02BE9B0404AB06C993B788" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName id="B2769BDA71162395A94D988CDEF7AC7A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1995: 155.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="873428D41118CBF73DE2598FBD996FD4" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName id="F04E476891FE1D7E092BF58582600C9C" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma jungi" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jungi">Aphonopelma jungi</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1995: 116; male holotype from Portal Rd., Portal, Cochise Co., Arizona, 31.914142 -109.141676 5, elev. 4761ft., viii.1992, coll. A. Smith and Michael Sullivan; deposited in BMNH. [examined] syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4864B91DE3EAE6DEC5ED3300733D033C" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName id="91E0FF744ADD4AE543141B4B606495A7" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma punzoi" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punzoi">Aphonopelma punzoi</taxonomicName>
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Smith, 1995: 131; male holotype from Swift Trail (Jct), 5 miles S of Safford, Graham Co., Arizona, 32.729897 -109.713921 5, elev. 3161ft., mid-August, coll. A. Smith and Michael Sullivan; deposited in BMNH. [examined] syn. n.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="93230BFFF75BECD7D52E04267EDE4140" lastPageId="246" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="910A26D5ACEB420C8BFD071C188305B4" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D387A9B62218A358CE022B5F5B4EE908" lastPageId="246" lastPageNumber="247" pageId="245" pageNumber="246">
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<taxonomicName id="E0C37D6FFF911039E2A98951EA13FF85" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
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(Fig. 142) belongs to the
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<taxonomicName id="BC98A9A349144EEC03F3C4BA022D39C1" genus="Marxi" lsidName="Marxi" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" rank="genus">Marxi</taxonomicName>
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species group and can be identified by a combination of morphological, molecular, and geographic characteristics. Nuclear DNA identifies
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<taxonomicName id="7C0427E0167BCDAD59317DB3FE85673E" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
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as a strongly supported monophyletic lineage (Fig. 8). It can easily be distinguished from syntopic populations of
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<taxonomicName id="138AA196EE53A0F669B91D849ADAF4DB" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.,
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<taxonomicName id="8BD70B1E942ABED74EFA3226DA4133DC" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma paloma" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paloma">Aphonopelma paloma</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="D9783ED637290C171588157274BD27E4" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma saguaro" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saguaro">Aphonopelma saguaro</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. by its larger size. The most significant measurements that distinguish male
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<taxonomicName id="C4F44600636B02BC061BB6CE3632E0E6" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
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from its closely related phylogenetic and syntopic species are PTl and the extent of scopulation on metatarsus III. Male
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<taxonomicName id="0C25A40EC6B461FE8C0CEBC5FC1B774A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished by possessing a smaller PTl/M1 (≤0.90; 0.76-0.90) than
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<taxonomicName id="9890C1FAE5536B955B404F35F5EE6BE9" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (≥0.90; 0.90-1.03),
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<taxonomicName id="F9A4C0C0DE43655EE48FD60A273502DD" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (≥0.96; 0.96-1.18), and
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<taxonomicName id="91F239DF9D755649679580996A5E7020" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. (≥0.98; 0.98-1.12), and larger than
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<taxonomicName id="2660B4F11B5835A93102CF807337ED07" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="245" pageNumber="246" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
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(≤0.75; 0.67-0.75) and
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<taxonomicName id="BE3FD95E888E03CDD453E328902C0D8A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">
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<pageBreakToken id="9830C3BFAB83388E5F64A6D2344AF804" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" start="start">Aphonopelma</pageBreakToken>
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gabeli
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</taxonomicName>
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(≤0.68; 0.61-0.68); and a smaller L3 scopulation extent (44%-62%) than
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<taxonomicName id="F384A7A162B6F97D6F6A57E0EA05DE71" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
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(76%-86%) and
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<taxonomicName id="BCB91C2006059614FBBF7075370729A3" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
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(69%-86%). There are no significant measurements that separate male
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<taxonomicName id="7EB83C53BB6365353AA4E8BAFDFD909A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="3E3ECD34C06CFB976EA01F751E5B1C13" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. Significant measurements that distinguish female
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<taxonomicName id="3508B15AF94CDD11F83B16AD0F2CD532" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
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from its closely related phylogenetic and syntopic species are Cl and the extent of scopulation on metatarsus IV. Female
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<taxonomicName id="D9A36B828B6A9F4C79E8AA7479B9D367" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished by possessing a larger Cl/Cw (≥1.11; 1.11-1.21) than
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<taxonomicName id="2638FB20324A73CCA572D05020E9C819" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
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(≤1.09; 1.07-1.09) and
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<taxonomicName id="CD46DA0CED9D504141D3862F94511F33" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
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(1.02
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<normalizedToken id="9FB7708DAE57737D4314A0C72501B874" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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(only 1 specimen)); and by possessing a smaller L4 scopulation extent (26%-37%) than
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<taxonomicName id="4B55223CE78B2C3C388357F66DFA0B7F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
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(63%-81%),
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<taxonomicName id="0497229AB2300B2BB93CA29F19D915D0" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
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(39%-53%) and
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<taxonomicName id="DD84E9EA3B46C9AFC32FFBEE6600060A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
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(42%-72%). There are no significant measurements that separate female
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<taxonomicName id="FD648EBF150CE545A2AD65B75A7B3CF5" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
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from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A9D13B8EF360B546324B33BD17E8D5ED" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A2945D07C05CC31EE6CCB21BBC0275B" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E1FBD732C92578572A50A2628954790C" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
|
||
<paragraph id="3DE0E3CF70BE607EC3578338A1A3827F" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Figure 142.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E431529105487FFEAEDCFD5A507CF6EB" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939), live photographs. Female (L) - APH_3188; Male (R) - APH_1520.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A899CB180E2DABBD409EF5CAA27E518C" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="EA44C8FE85EC4BCA80E67D8F7B0EAA13" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ABED2512B2D31686104F200728D47737" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
|
||
Male originally described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="00910B89F6D04E4270D9E98A025F8220" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Chamberlin and Ivie (1939)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="69C1DDDDF13E032811E4199FC1D1B674" lastPageId="247" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="246" pageNumber="247" type="redescription of male exemplar">
|
||
<paragraph id="AB6375C7BEAA29818FDCCCE7C538D541" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">Redescription of male exemplar</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4A855B6B00F622816D734CD04DB3F4D7" lastPageId="247" lastPageNumber="248" pageId="246" pageNumber="247">
|
||
(APH_0177; Fig. 143). Specimen preparation and condition: Specimen collected live crossing road, preserved in 80% ethanol; deposited in AUMNH; original coloration faded due to preservation. Left legs I, III, IV, and left pedipalp removed for measurements and photographs; stored in vial with specimen. Right leg III removed for DNA and stored at -80°C in the AUMNH (Auburn, AL). General coloration: Black and faded brown. Cephalothorax: Carapace 13.61 mm
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="A43E23BE6CCC3C77D374D9E91A72F29C" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" start="start">long</pageBreakToken>
|
||
, 12.95 mm wide; Hirsute; densely clothed with black, slightly iridescent, pubescence mostly appressed to surface; fringe covered in long setae not closely appressed to surface; foveal groove medium deep and slightly recurved; pars cephalica region rises gradually from foveal groove, gently arching anteriorly toward ocular area; AER slightly procurved, PER slightly recurved; normal sized chelicerae; clypeus extends forward on a curve; LBl 1.48, LBw 1.88; sternum hirsute, clothed with short black, densely packed setae. Abdomen: Densely clothed in short black pubescence with numerous longer red/orange setae interspersed; possessing a dense dorsal patch of black Type I urticating bristles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9AD6C1CD960EF7C242005F5FC853BD2" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">Cooke et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Legs: Hirsute; densely clothed in a mix of short and medium length black or faded black pubescence, slightly longer ventrally. Metatarsus I mostly straight. F1 13.70; F1w 3.62; P1 5.85; T1 11.31; M1 10.20; A1 6.65; F3 11.52; F3w 4.09; P3 4.41; T3 9.25; M3 10.89; A3 6.97; F4 13.94; F4w 3.64; P4 4.56; T4 11.74; M4 14.66; A4 7.83; femur III is swollen. All tarsi fully scopulate. Extent of metatarsal scopulation: leg III (SC3) = 55.9%; leg IV (SC4) = 28.2%. Two ventral spinose setae on metatarsus III; seven ventral spinose setae on metatarsus IV; one large ventral spinose seta at the base of the tibia I near the patella; one large megaspine is present on the retrolateral tibia at the apex of the mating clasper - this can be seen when viewing the prolateral face of the mating clasper. Coxa I: Prolateral surface a mix of fine, hair-like and thin tapered setae. Pedipalps: Hirsute; densely clothed in the same setal color as the other legs, with numerous longer ventral setae; one spinose seta on the apical, prolateral femur; one spinose seta on the prolateral patella; four spinose setae on the prolateral tibia; PTl 7.791, PTw 2.61. When extended, embolus tapers and gently curves to the retrolateral side; bulb is shorter and more stout than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E04280F0F92DB926F2DF2B2407E924C" genus="Mygalomorphae" lsidName="Mygalomorphae chalcodes" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" rank="species" species="chalcodes">chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="657271F5F27C4D701A54068F04BEFD45" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">
|
||
<paragraph id="68E3B4E32BC282381CE05BC4F42A922C" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">
|
||
Figure 143.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B698805B71456480BAAE5C441FE07247" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E936FF83995A4FD3FA11ADB69EB87456" originalValue="A–I">A-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
male specimen, APH_0177 A dorsal view of carapace, scale bar = 3.5mm B prolateral view of coxa I C dorsal view of femur III D ventral view of metatarsus III, scale bar = 4mm E ventral view of metatarsus IV, scale bar = 4mm F prolateral view of L pedipalp and palpal tibia, scale bar = 4mm G dorsal view of palpal bulb H retrolateral view of palpal bulb, scale bar = 1mm I prolateral view of tibia I (mating clasper), scale bar = 4mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F55A791B695EAE01186EEFADA3E8D36" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">
|
||
Variation (11).Cl 10.018-13.98 (11.663
|
||
<normalizedToken id="50868C9D4FB5B91FD3ABA68C8603F8ED" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4), Cw 9.18-12.95 (10.722
|
||
<normalizedToken id="756AF3544D7E8DA4A19ACCF1E4AACB1E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4), LBl 1.11-1.658 (1.404
|
||
<normalizedToken id="84C6E19256F490D0154D8EDA7D2206C7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.06), LBw 1.24-1.921 (1.62
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A7E82EF3A909864FC8844676BE6318B1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.07), F1 10.15-14.51 (11.867
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C1FE57CAD47B13B0700B4C7828426B7E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.42), F1w 2.51-3.62 (2.917
|
||
<normalizedToken id="729845332DF0BF12F370F761E4C9D191" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.1), P1 4.1-5.88 (4.885
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DD1DE212530D8ACEE9C007CB168E2BF9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.18), T1 8.69-12.39 (10.09
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B543FD284496AE1EFB4201B35C17CE5B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.36), M1 6.877-10.20 (8.296
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1090F8159580EACCA82DF2C208281FDC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.3), A1 4.74-6.70 (5.584
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7CCDC3672F11FFD7F46625988F24F909" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.21), L1 length 35.23-49.06 (40.541
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DB84A79F29F8B92078364213A9693EC4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.51), F3 8.37-11.57 (9.858
|
||
<normalizedToken id="82775B413C681C14560A5A9FAAA13A2E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.34), F3w 2.65-4.09 (3.18
|
||
<normalizedToken id="211FE5DA3D2F31539526667A8E262D8C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.14), P3 3.3-4.47 (3.794
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EB20D0093BD4EB5F6164A9023855A639" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12), T3 6.49-9.25 (7.619
|
||
<normalizedToken id="87C7208EADADAA41AFEC85FB6CED0B89" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.28), M3 7.717-10.89 (8.927
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4684A6502FFEDC36C8EF42DFFA64EAB6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.34), A3 5.35-6.97 (6.075
|
||
<normalizedToken id="18600F665F0D3B59365E35229A457FCB" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.17), L3 length 31.4-43.04 (36.647
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CE7C4D254240284B97A8DD7E0688FB8B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.26), F4 10.09-13.94 (11.696
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1D89C528CD39A1DEDA74703FC3ED065D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.41), F4w 2.32-3.64 (2.831
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E63FCF5AF5E859C058564A8C21560037" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.13), P4 3.46-4.56 (4.129
|
||
<normalizedToken id="42DE00FDDFAE6625598FD4AEEC207D86" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.11), T4 8.996-11.74 (10.128
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D9A1C4BB9B71106F7CC2515F597C8118" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.31), M4 10.33-14.66 (12.131
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F43CBFAAFCBA40D883B31A0FA4CEF308" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.44), A4 5.43-7.83 (6.606
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DC53835903CA072004FCC833E302D4A6" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.25), L4 length 38.39-52.73 (44.469
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FCF80CD65CBCC03382CACB8B8AE5B161" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.57), PTl 6.167-8.125 (6.983
|
||
<normalizedToken id="492290BF739458D36697ED6C3286CCB2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.18), PTw 1.919-2.611 (2.334
|
||
<normalizedToken id="672814459D642D4661E3411001898D08" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.06), SC3 ratio 0.45-0.619 (0.554
|
||
<normalizedToken id="213B533BD65F05F9B3EE00D65885A3AC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.01), SC4 ratio 0.201-0.358 (0.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9ADF731C94F5B132D472D8952D5971B2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.01), Coxa 1 setae = tapered/thin tapered, F3 condition = slightly swollen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="66CF81CE88376C201DD8563EF3144AC2" lastPageId="249" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="247" pageNumber="248" type="description of female exemplar">
|
||
<paragraph id="45F94EE0888B86E646DBBC1C2C96FF45" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">Description of female exemplar</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="51EEC258BAF3B9B51B23CFE7DA25DAD9" lastPageId="249" lastPageNumber="250" pageId="247" pageNumber="248">
|
||
(APH_1488; Figs 144-145). Specimen preparation and condition: Specimen collected live from burrow, preserved in 80% ethanol; deposited in AUMNH; original coloration faded due to preservation. Left legs I, III, IV, and pedipalp removed for photographs and measurements; stored in vial with specimen. Right leg III removed for DNA and stored at -80°C in the AUMNH (Auburn, AL). Genital plate with spermathecae removed and cleared, stored in vial with specimen. General coloration: Black/faded black. Cephalothorax: Carapace 16.38
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="3BA2E512B44A4C3B7E89AFBC9B64610C" pageId="248" pageNumber="249" start="start">mm</pageBreakToken>
|
||
long, 14.63 mm wide; Hirsute, densely clothed with black/faded black, slightly iridescent, pubescence closely appressed to surface; fringe densely covered in longer setae; foveal groove medium deep and straight; pars cephalica region gently rises from thoracic furrow, arching anteriorly toward ocular area; AER procurved, PER recurved; robust chelicerae, clypeus extends forward on a curve; LBl 1.99, LBw 2.10; sternum hirsute, clothed with shorter black/faded black setae. Abdomen: Densely clothed dorsally in short black setae with numerous longer, lighter setae interspersed (generally red or orange in situ); dense dorsal patch of black Type I urticating bristles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9CD6636CF7EBE4DC9B0BC5C321CB4308" pageId="248" pageNumber="249">Cooke et al. 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); ventral side with shorter black setae. Spermathecae: Paired and separate, tapering and slightly curving medially towards capitate bulbs, with wide bases that are not fused. Legs: Hirsute, particularly ventrally; densely clothed in short and medium black pubescence, with longer setae colored similarly as the long abdominal setae; F1 12.61; F1w 4.06; P1 6.22; T1 9.97; M1 8.17; A1 6.37; F3 10.52; F3w 3.79; P3 4.53; T3 7.70; M3 8.13; A3 6.72; F4 12.91; F4w 3.81; P4 5.19; T4 10.69; M4 11.47; A4 7.32. All tarsi fully scopulate. Extent of metatarsal scopulation: leg III (SC3) = 69.0%; leg IV (SC4) = 33.9%. One ventral spinose seta on metatarsus III; six ventral spinose setae on metatarsus IV. Coxa I: Prolateral surface a mix of fine, hair-like and tapered
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="10311EB7ED14E0B91B4B9B0CC51356AD" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" start="start">setae</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Pedipalps: Densely clothed in the same setal color as the other legs; one spinose seta on the apical, prolateral femur, one spinose seta on the prolateral patella, and four spinose setae on the prolateral tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B16136D92993F3253BA075314371CFA9" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
|
||
<paragraph id="325701220ED5D1927EB6D3A74AA91F77" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
|
||
Figure 144.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F297A156F638F0F112C921C0A6EF215C" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CB67031831EEB9B5035F1CE19C8F29DC" originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
female specimen, APH_1488 A dorsal view of carapace, scale bar = 5mm B prolateral view of coxa I C ventral view of metatarsus III, scale bar = 4mm D ventral view of metatarsus IV, scale bar = 3.5mm E prolateral view of L pedipalp and palpal tibia.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4D2E038CE2E903F342703F0FCCC6752B" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
|
||
<paragraph id="BCF94E0D1E8207AF0AFDAC290BE4D841" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
|
||
Figure 145.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C2C16CE69DD6D281E2F09496D07E658" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939).
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7AB855B8AC7C5CE9A5CDDFF1DE93C8FF" originalValue="A–H">A-H</normalizedToken>
|
||
cleared spermathecae A APH_0639 B APH_0640 C APH_0674 D APH_0886 E APH_1488 F APH_1506 G
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BD6CC91E6581BA6F3D916F582FAC2F8D" originalValue="Jung’s">Jung's</normalizedToken>
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4AB392FB41067AC838A5F94A116E1E3E" originalValue="“cochise”">"cochise"</normalizedToken>
|
||
female paratype H APH_2137, a Jung
|
||
<normalizedToken id="134ADBE25973CF20168F4FE9589132A8" originalValue="“cochise”">"cochise"</normalizedToken>
|
||
specimen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="6B20A3B285045AB8B636EB39A3C553B3" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
|
||
Variation (8).Cl 11.23-16.38 (13.636
|
||
<normalizedToken id="509B89EED02CA206F73F1B1FA1D38883" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.64), Cw 9.77-14.63 (11.819
|
||
<normalizedToken id="68AA8DA3E0D4968541A6F56D141141CE" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.59), LBl 1.48-1.99 (1.778
|
||
<normalizedToken id="11F60E4DC86C90D3D99F237550577D7B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.08), LBw 1.77-2.42 (2.06
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5EA6EE254FE7DAA292954F56DF6E78AB" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.09), F1 8.86-12.61 (10.74
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1A04E55E4747A4C6023C3AEF363DDB95" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.52), F1w 2.86-4.06 (3.401
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6AFBEA3095B3A5E7384E5F32EF1FC374" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.16), P1 4.17-6.22 (5.001
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3B8B65E05E955623DB43F867B840096D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.24), T1 7.09-9.97 (8.447
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E546B6CCBBB047BB2A0CFF7976F5467B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.38), M1 5.08-8.17 (6.301
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A2CB7F738C3F1CBF62C9904020161459" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.38), A1 4.46-6.37 (5.274
|
||
<normalizedToken id="463E4281D90999B40E8B3CC9C55B0B6D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.23), L1 length 29.66-43.34 (35.763
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B4C4CBD74D7F5543B207CDA257B0FDAD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.72), F3 7.54-10.52 (8.761
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A6F9E69645D784DF6351EF259E94EE91" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.42), F3w 2.45-3.79 (2.978
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2E71E029F222666EC49A4BBFE47347F7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.15), P3 3.26-4.93 (3.99
|
||
<normalizedToken id="802A58500E68C6F9E3E6933BD7FECC0D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.22), T3 4.87-7.70 (6.312
|
||
<normalizedToken id="840CDE28AFC3264F7FC7EF0E2284C43E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.38), M3 5.24-8.13 (6.611
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A960DA35A679F7B43118639E334EED1D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.39), A3 4.65-6.72 (5.367
|
||
<normalizedToken id="804C456FF5127F89F9B69E8FBFFB9F48" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.25), L3 length 25.56-37.60 (31.041
|
||
<normalizedToken id="984AAD48DC78CDF5B83BB20979D4B55C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.6), F4 8.93-12.91 (10.773
|
||
<normalizedToken id="23A504BAFD0D569200B53D07782DAED4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.56), F4w 2.67-3.81 (3.076
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DFF1C24E0CC7A515DA67809DD7B98FFE" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.14), P4 3.39-5.35 (4.438
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C387CB26A246AEF6E279E2450EE8FEDD" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.22), T4 7.54-10.69 (8.885
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EFFDAB0994F5421E53BA5B25773E1D15" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.4), M4 7.87-11.47 (9.504
|
||
<normalizedToken id="69A2996D721D10907358545D8BB19ED8" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.46), A4 5.44-7.32 (6.122
|
||
<normalizedToken id="13F4CB7C8705D910E29870505BFF9ECC" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.25), L4 length 33.76-47.58 (39.721
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7320932700072CD15592C0ECB50AAEF7" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.85), SC3 ratio 0.495-0.69 (0.604
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B278CB289CAC521C2EE9EAF77E30A6AA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.02), SC4 ratio 0.269-0.369 (0.332
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6FEC100F78C7C3FC8088B655CBA9AD67" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.01), Coxa I setae = tapered. Spermathecae variation can be seen in Figure 145.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EE0D7993A8580D3584E18B7D0A8E77A9" lastPageId="252" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="249" pageNumber="250" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="34262C4D48E08CE961EE21A348B51F49" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5B8CE66C3BC62853CD791EB8B82DCF57" lastPageId="252" lastPageNumber="253" pageId="249" pageNumber="250">
|
||
United States: Arizona: Cochise: 0.45 miles NNE Cazador Trl on Hwy 80, 31.4724344 -109.4502641 2, 4554ft., [APH_0720-0721, 17/8/2009, 2♂, Alice Abela, AUMNH]; 1 mile west of Portal, 31.914744 -109.162506 5, 5026ft., [APH_2130, 24/9/1963, 1♂, V. Roth, AMNH]; [APH_2135, 30/10/1963, 1♀, V. Roth, AMNH]; 10 miles south of Apache, 31.572141 -109.17493 5, 4669ft., [APH_2132, 10/9/1965, 1♂, W.J. Gertsch, AMNH]; 10 miles west of Douglas, 31.363766 -109.696872 5, 4150ft., [APH_2108, 8/9/1964, 1♂, R. Hastings and M. Hastings, AMNH]; 10-20 mile south of Apache, 31.494756 -109.166548 5, 4459ft., [APH_2123, 11/10/1963, 1♀, V. Roth, AMNH]; 12 miles south of Apache, 31.55928 -109.183506 5, 4590ft., [APH_2106, 8/10/1964, 3♂, V. Roth, AMNH]; 12-16 miles south of Apache, 31.42937 -109.152669 5, 4383ft., [APH_2125, 23/7/1963, 3♂, V. Roth, AMNH]; 2 miles northeast of Portal, 31.938743 -109.172137 5, 5938ft., [APH_2140, 10/2/1962, 1♀, Cazier and Mortenson, AMNH]; 2 miles south of Rodeo, 31.921206 -109.050959 5, 4209ft., [APH_2141, 20/6/1962, 1♀, N.M., AMNH]; 2 miles south of Southwestern Research Station, 31.862638 -109.228246 5, 6499ft., [APH_2137, 20/7/1959, 1♀, G.M. Happ and F.A. McKittrick, AMNH]; Deer Creek Ranch, 32.252852 -109.832012 5, 4173ft., [APH_2126, 19/7/1956, 1♀, J. Anderson, AMNH]; Galeyville, 31.943827 -109.213586 5, 5469ft., [APH_2124, 28/8/unknown, 1♂, Scotty Anderson, AMNH]; Portal, 31.913703 -109.14145 5, 4770ft., [APH_2110, 23/10/1972, 1♂, W.J. Gertsch, AMNH]; [APH_2112, 24/8/1964, 2♂, R. Hastings and M. Hastings, AMNH]; [APH_2116, 15/11/1962, 1♂, V. Roth, AMNH]; [APH_2118, 1965, 1♂, W.J. Gertsch, AMNH]; [APH_2129, 15/7/1963, 1♀, V. Roth, AMNH]; [APH_2136, 8/1965, 1♀, W.J. Gertsch, AMNH]; Sierra Vista, just outside city limits, near and around residential areas near Ft. Huachuca Military Base, 31.47973 -110.24666 1, 4643ft., [APH_0187, 24/8/2007, 1♂, Dean Pittman, AUMNH]; [APH_0188, 3/8/2007, 1♀, Dean Pittman, AUMNH]; Graham: 0.25 miles E Hwy-191 on Tanque Rd, 32.605235 -109.682418 1, 3873ft., [APH_1331-1335, 1/8/2011, 1♀, 4 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes,
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="74EC867FC93EEFE7FB2EAC3F7163B286" pageId="250" pageNumber="251" start="start">Nate</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Davis, Jake Storms, AUMNH]; [APH_1346, 5/8/2011, 1♀, Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes, Nate Davis, Jake Storms, AUMNH]; [APH_1348, 5/8/2011, 1 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes, Nate Davis, Jake Storms, AUMNH]; [APH_1480, 1/8/2012, 1♀, Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes, Austin Deskewies, AUMNH]; [APH_1490-1491, 4/9/2012, 1♀, 1 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, AUMNH]; [APH_1506-1508, 7/9/2012, 1♀, 2♂, Brent E. Hendrixson, AUMNH]; 0.4 miles E Hwy-191 on Tanque Rd, 32.606204 -109.681524 1, 3891ft., [APH_1185-1187, 25/7/2010, 1♀, 2 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; dirt road S of US-70, 32.744869 -109.344099 1, 4088ft., [APH_0639-0640, 12/7/2009, 2♀, Brent E. Hendrixson, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; Klondyke Rd, SW of Hwy-70, 32.914146 -109.975734 1, 3110ft., [APH_0700, 18/7/2009, 1 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; Swift Trail, along Hwy-366, 32.67433 -109.78367 2, 4885ft., [APH_1361-1364, 3/9/2011, 4♂, Brandon La Forest, AUMNH]; Tanque Rd, near Hwy-191, 32.604126 -109.681695 1, 3887ft., [APH_0624-0625, 11/7/2009, 2 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; Pima: 4405 W Speedway Blvd, Tucson, 32.236347 -111.059977 2, 2600ft., [APH_1359, 4/9/2011, 1♂, Lee and Denise Roberts, AUMNH]; 6928 N. Northpoint Dr, Tucson, 32.33242 -111.03403 2, 2320ft., [APH_0400, 7/9/2008, 1♂, Linda Lanan, AUMNH]; 9095 E. Arbab Ct., Tucson, 32.11585 -110.79889 2, 2907ft., [APH_0177, 29/8/2007, 1♂, Sandi Sowers, AUMNH]; Arivaca Creek (AZ-289/Ruby Rd), 31.59577 -111.36337 4, 3560ft., [APH_0294-0295, 3/10/2007, 2♂, Manny Rubio, AUMNH]; Catalina State Park, Romero Canyon Trail, 32.4253 -110.8994 2, 2850ft., [APH_1488, 22/7/2011, 1♀, Ken Macneil, AUMNH]; jct. I-10 and Hwy 83, 32.004689 -110.689365 5, 3448ft., [AUMS_2212, 19/8/1995, 1♂, Jeremy Huff, AUMNH]; Santa Catalina Mountains, Mt. Lemmon Highway, Gordon Hirabayashi Recreation Area, 32.339509 -110.717456 2, 4845ft., [APH_3217, 1/7/14, 1 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, AUMNH]; Mt. Lemmon Hwy, 0.3 miles S of Molino Basin, S of Catalina Mtns, 32.326961 -110.702536 4, 4101ft., [AUMS_3278, 16/9/1974, 1♂, W. Icenogle, AUMNH]; SE of Tucson, 3.5 miles N I-10 on Houghton Rd, 32.1125 -110.77611 2, 2950ft., [APH_0791, unknown, 1♀, Jon Camp, AUMNH]; SE of Tucson, just N of I-10 and Hwy 83 jct., 32.012461 -110.690131 5, 3433ft., [AUMS_2205, 19/8/1995, 2♂, J. Huff and Thomas R. Prentice, AUMNH]; [AUMS_2213, 19/8/1995, 1♂, R. Portillo and Thomas R. Prentice, AUMNH]; [AUMS_2225, 19/8/1995, 1♂, Thomas Mason, AUMNH]; Tucson, 32.221743 -110.926479 6, 2470ft., [APH_2318, 1♂, T. Vorhies, AMNH]; off Hwy 79, N of Tucson just past Hwy 77 split, E side of road, 32.57446 -110.94732 1, 3445ft., [APH_3188, 14/11/2013, 1♀, Chris A. Hamilton, Brent E. Hendrixson, AUMNH]; Santa Cruz: 0.1 miles SE FS-184 on Mt. Hopkins Rd, 31.69358253 -110.9889079 2, 3684ft., [APH_0732, 20/8/2009, 1♂, Alice Abela, AUMNH]; 0.13 miles NW FS-184 on Mt. Hopkins Rd, 31.69571757 -110.9927435 2, 3630ft., [APH_0731, 20/8/2009, 1♂, Alice Abela, AUMNH]; 0.37 miles NE FR-4099 on Mt. Hopkins Rd, 31.67437255 -110.9370608 2, 4406ft., [APH_0734, 20/8/2009, 1♂, Alice Abela, AUMNH]; 1.6 miles E I-19 Frontage Rd along Amado-Mentosa Rd (FS Rd 184), 31.70242578 -111.0435914 2, 3156ft.,
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="7BCA2D2CF60887C0B73E901CC627B2CE" pageId="251" pageNumber="252" start="start">[</pageBreakToken>
|
||
APH_0382, 28/7/2008, 1 juv, Alice Abela, AUMNH]; Patagonia Mtns, Harshaw Road, 31.528093 -110.711410 4, 4215ft., [APH_0185, 9/9/2007, 1♂, Manny Rubio, AUMNH]; Patagonia Mtns, Harshaw Road, 31.531246 -110.718179 4, 4231ft., [APH_0186, late/8/2007, 1♂, Manny Rubio, AUMNH]; New Mexico: Dona Ana: Aguirre Springs Rd, 32.399191 -106.548438 1, 4905ft., [APH_0656-0658, 13/7/2009, 3♂, Brent E. Hendrixson, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; [APH_0660-0661, 13/7/2009, 2♂, Brent E. Hendrixson, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; Just outside Las Cruces, on Aguirre Spring Road, 32.431202 -106.54921 5, 5306ft., [APH_0001, 8/2003, 1♂, Roy Thibodeau, AUMNH]; Organ Mtns, Aguirre Springs Rec Area, 32.387276
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="B9CC28F8356374EA209C4218CA59C415" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" start="start">-</pageBreakToken>
|
||
106.551429 1, 5061ft., [APH_1176, 22/7/2010, 1♂, Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; Hidalgo: 1 mile west of Animas, 31.948038 -108.828004 5, 4403ft., [APH_2119, 26/8/1960, 1♂, unknown, AMNH]; 11 miles south of Road Forks, 32.208574 -108.798363 5, 4341ft., [APH_2128, 26/8/1960, 1♂, unknown, AMNH]; 3 miles W of Animas on Hwy-9, 31.942609 -108.856771 1, 4400ft., [APH_0292, 10/2007, 1♂, Kari McWest, AUMNH]; 3.1 miles E Hwy-80 on Hwy-9, 31.93239033 -108.9869393 2, 4135ft., [APH_0725, 18/8/2009, 1♂, Alice Abela, AUMNH]; 4.1 miles E Hwy-80 on Hwy-9, 31.936704 -108.970448 1, 4187ft., [APH_0679, 16/7/2009, 1 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; along Hwy-338, 32.0242 -108.866316 1, 4297ft., [APH_1512, 8/9/2012, 1♂, Brent E. Hendrixson, AUMNH]; [APH_1517, 8/9/2012, 1♂, Brent E. Hendrixson, AUMNH]; along Hwy-80 at Granite Gap, 32.088477 -108.973445 1, 4450ft., [APH_1484, 1/8/2012, 1♀, Brent E. Hendrixson, Brendon Barnes, Austin Deskewies, AUMNH]; along Hwy-80, 2.3 miles S I-10, 32.204378 -108.949722 1, 4227ft., [APH_0674-0675, 15/7/2009, 1♀, 1 juv, Brent E. Hendrixson, Nate Davis, AUMNH]; along Hwy-9, W of Animas, 31.94331229 -108.8738359 2, 4386ft., [APH_0727, 18/8/2009, 1♂, Alice Abela, AUMNH]; Clanton Draw, Geronimo Gap - Peloncillo Mtns, 31.517505 -108.984343 4, 5441ft., [APH_0886, 2006, 1♀, Dave Moellendorf, AUMNH]; Luna: Cookes Canyon Rd, A019, 0.7 miles NW NM-26, 32.424 -107.583806 1, 4545ft., [APH_0394, 28/7/2008, 1 juv, Kari, Hunter McWest, AUMNH]; Little Florida Mtns, 1 miles SE on Bonita Rd from turnoff on Gap Rd, 32.15817 -107.58858 1, 4480ft., [APH_0195-0196, 3/9/2007, 2♂, Lorenzo Prendini, Jeremy Huff, AUMNH].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="621D4DB97E06848374A43D80B26CB282" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" type="distribution and natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="AFBB60C1E8AF76E5E95D6258A6347295" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Distribution and natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ABBE17DA0903AEC1F275329649636874" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AE8E4420251A9FC33699064E9D811C4" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widely distributed across southeastern Arizona and southern New Mexico (Fig. 146) and can be found in the following Level III Ecoregions: Madrean Archipelago, Sonoran Basin and Range, Chihuahuan Deserts, and Arizona/New Mexico Mountains.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1CFDEF7B02EC9BD732D456172C63B92B" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be found in syntopy with a large number of different species across its distribution including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8E61C0A000F93836DC3947C75AA14A0" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1B0CC4AAECA4C6DA636215496D5151BF" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C61EB9F1B06FD0B1A707E440240726B" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08FD3D46AAF629CC04FC0123F9915C31" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BAE22AD57C385EF939189F3303C3B89" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D7C2B45C5A3DC3B86D993188E6BD1DF" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B82354AEAD4401A84EB505E2EB88857B" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma paloma" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paloma">Aphonopelma paloma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0A7CF78A848EAFE405C5CEB862004A32" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BDE3606D839F392FD8680BCDD1BAB9F7" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BB855BE324EFCC8FE62FFD76903DF437" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma saguaro" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saguaro">Aphonopelma saguaro</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The breeding season, when mature males abandon their burrows in search of females, occurs during the summer and fall (
|
||
<normalizedToken id="84B7B11F1459A1EA78801500F542F0F3" originalValue="July–October">July-October</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="30AF3C807FB54155ECC21F0C858D1B0B" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<paragraph id="616E9F56B3F81E0B4136DC3FB3A68939" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Figure 146.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1002E5C51EBDCEC78C630C93B9D55A17" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Chamberlin & Ivie, 1939). A distribution of known specimens B predicted distribution; warmer colors (red, orange, yellow) represent areas of high probability of occurrence, cooler colors (blue shades) represent areas of low probability of occurrence.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9263119D586812BBB4009971F09C2B5A" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" type="conservation status">
|
||
<paragraph id="95B088C81BDFE6282CEF2FD76F46FC38" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Conservation status.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8074945DA662B95361066245784731A9" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4893545CE55EA0BC78DC4C3EF50C4F36" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very common throughout its distribution in southeastern Arizona and southern New Mexico. The species is secure.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="1289A97C9E605A32A9E20C663F3271F1" lastPageId="253" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="6A4964EB8D99AB4AF1C8837C6A283090" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D932ECFF7DBA35DE986B98159F969E0" lastPageId="253" lastPageNumber="254" pageId="252" pageNumber="253">
|
||
Mitochondrial DNA identifies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="720A02D742774FE710D4809786EFB043" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a paraphyletic group with respect to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49AFCDD40BD06269036CEE426ED128E5" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 7). The secondary lineages outside of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EE1F6AFC2C7ADBBA1F7C5ADBFA1EFF0" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade were previously identified as putative cryptic species by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4DBF30D4EE2FF7645258819CB3A47B1B" author="Hamilton, CA" pageId="260" pageNumber="261" url="10.1016/j.ympev.2013.11.007" year="2014">Hamilton et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, due to deep mitochondrial divergence. Results from the AE analysis demonstrate that CO1 is not effective at accurately delimiting species boundaries within this group. Other important ratios that distinguish males:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4B7B447EC855037BD636698CAF0649F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess a smaller L4 scopulation extent (20%-36%) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D403683CC63E0C4C6D830D46F461EC29" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
(66%-76%) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31A73627358AF68C0910DA6335244D64" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(36%-47%). Other important ratios that distinguish females:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE6FC6125777588DDEB4118EB9E1D0D5" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess a larger T1/M3 (≥1.22; 1.22-1.39) than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5500F530F2225E03D3586D2F8EF9AAAC" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≤1.20; 1.13-1.20) and smaller than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2584CBF868BA4C871CECA3E46784A8B4" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="252" pageNumber="253" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1.53
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BCC0BF2BD3816FCB5AA080598632EB3C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
(only 1 specimen)). For both males and females, certain morphometrics have potential
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="024F9054FBB804B658A4F876830D8026" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" start="start">to</pageBreakToken>
|
||
be useful, though due to the amounts of variation, small number of specimens, and the small differences between species, no others are claimed to be significant at this time (see Suppl. material 2). During evaluation of PCA morphospace, males of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CD320CF133C9D97CB84F4811A62A8D3" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
separate from their syntopic species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF13597EEE6CDDB24C9A95D684CD200E" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="051DA6A3E27872F1798645CF380C8C3D" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="23C37CD9572D3625EEC00D67B6051D11" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C82C5415C4073E6D7931D781709707DD" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C3137900427FC0FBC3676A67B0AE727" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and members of the miniature tarantulas (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6AB488CD658323A69210AC50A9402102" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma paloma" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paloma">Aphonopelma paloma</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F2E87CAED23F60B175CC98D45B892B40" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="098C199DB346065F859E3AD5763DC47D" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma saguaro" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saguaro">Aphonopelma saguaro</taxonomicName>
|
||
), but do not separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F71EBDCC6B0F35C7ECAEE55043FC78FA" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="41FC748387993063C35AD34141A80A46" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5380A1890A99CDE6B4ED3FD1131790C8" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
separate in two-dimensional morphological space from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A70AC9A066E04C65F9CBAA221F6F6E12" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72027F0D11F1F1D5750D2BA8943C670E" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and members of the miniature tarantulas, but do not separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3CBB93EC8CB35DB0497081DCE3F7CF8" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DCAC1E80E6EC6AF05299DDFE66E25C3A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7AAD06C86E811DDEB78E1EAB6574780B" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B683E90A0D0A287FBA8B50E530629EB" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="51C9D0CC45D0850906B501DC30096BF7" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Interestingly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0ECF5EEA01FED634CD7294688A990506" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
males separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC2FCDF4595B8A530B59470E34823DA4" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C7FA4FB83EA5614497DCA62B57EF74DA" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50320F0B4DC50EF06619C8B1E9DB2BCF" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD4D0622106A9B0B7E030146B92A5F3A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AB9C5F6EBE32F307DF70F02997A45AA" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C4635C8971ECA4A73CFB4B568AAC9A0" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF8E91B137E9905A1C62DDCAEE16567C" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="784B2F458661AD88D87EB7BDD27DCF45" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma paloma" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paloma">Aphonopelma paloma</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96A7CF529596038CE64B671C2FABC63A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma saguaro" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saguaro">Aphonopelma saguaro</taxonomicName>
|
||
in three-dimensional PCA morphospace (PC1~PC2~PC3), but do not separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="967983A8205D1870AE323F2C76C94C43" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C67A70027963FD98322AA312AC67EF2A" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
females separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5670ECF67D692632EE80F799393CBDB3" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chiricahua" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chiricahua">Aphonopelma chiricahua</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB47D40026B463E4BB124C8BCE94687F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma parvum" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvum">Aphonopelma parvum</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7822FBA4A0BC80E07BFEA49D1D79D6C9" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma paloma" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paloma">Aphonopelma paloma</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB652A9AFB002E43B0C002EC5F8AC5F5" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma saguaro" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="saguaro">Aphonopelma saguaro</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but do not separate from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7EA30918DA1B3DCA30CFA515F0894AF2" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma catalina" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="catalina">Aphonopelma catalina</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D895D72DC6045DDBA4A310DA779D4C72" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma chalcodes" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chalcodes">Aphonopelma chalcodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6FF2EF28F487CEDF8A35DC5E5F464CF5" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma gabeli" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gabeli">Aphonopelma gabeli</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FE4B5B24AEEFC8FAD3F057F99B081BA5" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma hentzi" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hentzi">Aphonopelma hentzi</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11CD0495B1E98908711A8095F9C8430E" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma madera" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="madera">Aphonopelma madera</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DD0144F626913BFC4EADE1AD83DE4C9F" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma peloncillo" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="peloncillo">Aphonopelma peloncillo</taxonomicName>
|
||
. PC1, PC2, and PC3 explain ≥98% of the variation in all analyses.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="237ADE8813C23F899FA34DD3A3D7300C" pageId="253" pageNumber="254">
|
||
We examined the holotypes and freshly collected topotypic material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6BA56B563805C95CA220F1E1010D2F30" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma jungi" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jungi">Aphonopelma jungi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50C0950E1A61806A5B1A31A30063DDF3" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma punzoi" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punzoi">Aphonopelma punzoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our morphological and molecular analyses fail to recognize these two species as separate, independently evolving lineages. As a consequence, we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47D5D149B4896108D12B65E3168BDADD" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma jungi" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jungi">Aphonopelma jungi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="358270C6915CBF559BEB428240F6B6A0" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma punzoi" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="punzoi">Aphonopelma punzoi</taxonomicName>
|
||
junior synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60900F6255C836EB1B1152A59AC5FFD8" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Aphonopelma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aphonopelma vorhiesi" order="Araneae" pageId="253" pageNumber="254" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vorhiesi">Aphonopelma vorhiesi</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |