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211 lines
20 KiB
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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7b60383a-f800-4aa8-b5e7-a5937205e61d" ID-PMC="PMC7165196" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-145-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="3C0474499BB850089598699F4308FB00" ID-PubMed="32327923" ModsDocID="1314-2003-145-1" checkinTime="1586625114170" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="McClelland, Donald H. R., Nee, Michael & Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2020" docId="9235623212A151EFA334564762956F0C" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 145: 1-36" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 145" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531" docTitle="Solanum vanuatuense D. McClelland 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="3C0474499BB850089598699F4308FB00" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="3C0474499BB850089598699F4308FB00" masterDocTitle="New names and status for Pacific spiny species of Solanum (Solanaceae, subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter; the Leptostemonum Clade)" masterLastPageNumber="36" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668139754682" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New names and status for Pacific spiny species of Solanum (Solanaceae, subgenus Leptostemonum Bitter; the Leptostemonum Clade)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>McClelland, Donald H. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Environmental Science, Bard College at Simon's Rock, 84 Alford Road, Great Barrington, MA 01230, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Nee, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, P. O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>145</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>36</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-145-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">3C0474499BB850089598699F4308FB00</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163551274" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9235623212A151EFA334564762956F0C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9235623212A151EFA334564762956F0C" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="92356232-12A1-51EF-A334-564762956F0C" authority="D. McClelland" authorityName="D. McClelland" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vanuatuense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanuatuense" status="sp. nov.">Solanum vanuatuense D.McClelland</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Solanum vanuatuense D. McClelland (holotype Green 1103, P [P 00315286]). Reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398920" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Like
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Seem" authorityYear="1863" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum milnei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="milnei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum milnei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Seem. and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. austrocaledonicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="austrocaledonicum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. austrocaledonicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Seem., but differing in usually geminate, lobed leaves, smaller corolla and anthers, and strongly curved style.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398920" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 12.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="D. McClelland" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vanuatuense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanuatuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vanuatuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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D.McClelland (holotype
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Green 1103</emphasis>
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, P [P00315286]). Reproduced with permission.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Vanuatu. Efate: lower slopes of Pic Fatamalapa, 17°33'S, 168°22'E, 200 m, 15 Jul 1971 (fl, fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P.S. Green 1103</emphasis>
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(holotype: P [P00315286]; isotypes: A, K [K001155324], L [L0531790], NSW [acc. # 594210]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Shrub to 2 m, the internodes to 5.1 cm long, unarmed. Stems densely pubescent with yellow to yellow-ferruginous, sessile and stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the stalks of various lengths to 0.1 mm long, the rays 6-8, 0.2-0.3 mm long, the midpoint more or less equal to the rays; new growth densely pubescent with sessile or very short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes and minute glandular hairs to 0.05 mm long; bark of older stems reddish brown. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate or not, if geminate the minor leaves 1/2-2/3 as large as the major leaves and similar in shape. Leaves simple or shallowly lobed; blades (major leaves) 4.9-11.2 cm long, 1.9-3.9 cm wide, 2.6-3 times as long as wide, lanceolate to ovate, chartaceous, discolorous; adaxial surfaces sparsely to moderately pubescent with short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the stalks to 0.06 mm long, the rays 4-8, 0.15-0.25 mm long, the midpoint equal to or longer than the rays; abaxial surfaces sparsely to moderately pubescent with sessile or short-stalked porrect-stellate trichomes, the stalks to 0.3 mm long, the rays 4-8, 0.2-0.35 mm long, the midpoint equal to or longer than the rays; principal veins 4-6 pairs, the midrib raised abaxially and adaxially, the lateral veins weakly brochidodromous or semicraspedodromous, or craspedodromous in lobed leaves, raised abaxially, distinct adaxially; base rounded, typically oblique though occasionally equilateral; margins entire, sinuate, or shallowly lobed, the sinuses less than 1/4 of the distance to the midrib; apex acute or acuminate; petiole 6.2-16.8 mm long, 0.6-1.3 mm in diameter, densely stellate-pubescent with trichomes like those of the leaves, channeled above. Inflorescence to 8.9 cm, appearing lateral, extra-axillary, emerging from the middle or upper 1/3 of the internode, branched 1-3 times, with 60+ flowers, densely pubescent with sessile porrect-stellate trichomes; peduncle 0.3-1.9 cm long, 0.6-1.8 mm in diameter, unarmed; pedicels 0.7-1.0 cm long, ca. 0.3 mm in diameter at the base, 0.6-0.9 mm in diameter below the calyx, straight, not bent below the calyx or bent to approximately 90°, swelling more or less evenly from the base to the base of the calyx, densely pubescent, articulated at the base; pedicel scars congested to spaced 5.7 mm apart, overlapping to spaced 0.4 mm apart in the distal portion of the inflorescence, rigid, in two rows. Buds ovate, the calyx densely stellate-pubescent, the corolla densely stellate-pubescent where exposed abaxially, strongly exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers 5-merous, all perfect or apparently so. Calyx 2.2-2.8 mm long, appearing nearly truncate with caudate lobe tips, the tube 0.5-0.9 mm long, the sinuses opaque when dry, the lobes 1.2-2.0 mm long, caudate, moderately to densely pubescent abaxially, glabrous adaxially, splitting in the sinuses during fruit development and then the lobes deltate. Corolla 1.1-1.3 cm in diameter, stellate, white, the interpetalar tissue well-developed, glabrous, the lobes 3.9-4.5 mm long, 2.2-3.5 mm wide, deltate, spreading at anthesis, adaxially glabrous or with a few scattered sessile porrect-stellate trichomes, densely pubescent abaxially. Stamens equal; filament tube minute; free portion of the filaments ca. 0.8 mm long, glabrous; anthers 2.5-2.9 mm long, 0.9-1.1 mm wide, markedly tapering, straight, yellow, spreading, poricidal at the tips, the pores directed dorsally, extending around the edge of the apex. Ovary ca. 0.6 mm, globose, moderately pubescent at the apex with simple glandular trichomes; style 5.6-6.4 mm long, ca. 0.2 mm in diameter, exserted from the anther cone, deflexed and emerging from between two adjacent stamens, filiform, curved or hooked at the apex, glabrous or sparsely pubescent on the basal 1/3 with simple glandular hairs; stigma 0.3-0.6 mm in diameter, capitate, minutely papillate. Fruit a globose juicy berry, 0.6-0.8 cm in diameter, apparently orange or red when mature, glabrous, the pericarp thin, glossy; fruiting calyx lobes 1.7-2.4 mm long, 1.3-1.5 mm wide, sparsely to moderately stellate-pubescent, appressed to the berry surface; fruiting pedicels 11.1-16.2 mm long, ca. 0.4 mm in diameter at the base, 1.3-1.7 mm in diameter below the calyx, straight, not bent below the calyx, gradually increasing in diameter in the distal 1/2-2/3, sparsely to moderately stellate-pubescent. Seeds 10-20 per fruit, 1.5-1.8 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide, flattened-orbicular and notched at the point of attachment to flattened-reniform, red-brown when dry, the surface evenly reticulate, the testal cells with straight walls, the seed margins incrassate. Chromosome number not known.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution and ecology</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(Figure
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Distribution of Solanum vanuatuense." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398921" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">13</figureCitation>
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).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="D. McClelland" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vanuatuense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanuatuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vanuatuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs on several islands in the Vanuatu archipelago; it is reported as growing in grass or low herbage, seaside, and on outcroppings of limestone from sea level to 200 m elevation.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.145.48531.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/398921" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 13.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="D. McClelland" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vanuatuense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanuatuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vanuatuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Known to flower and fruit February, July, and October-November.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">This species is named for island state of Vanuatu.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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(
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<bibRefCitation author="IUCN" journalOrPublisher="In: Aubreville A, Leroy J (Eds) Flore de La Nouvelle Caledonie et Dependances" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B13" refString="IUCN, 2019. Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee. http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" title="Guidelines for using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 14. Prepared by the Standards and Petitions Subcommittee." url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
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). EOO = 45,572 km2 [LC - Least Concern]; AOO = 40 km2 [EN -Endangered]. Although
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<taxonomicName authorityName="D. McClelland" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vanuatuense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanuatuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vanuatuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occurs on six islands in the archipelago, its coastal habitat is almost certainly threatened by human activities. We assign a preliminary status of EN (B2a,b) due to the fragmented nature of populations on different islands and threats to coastal habitats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Specimens of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="D. McClelland" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vanuatuense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanuatuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vanuatuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were included in the sympatric
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. milnei" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="milnei">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. milnei</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Seem. (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.455" author="Seemann, BC" journalOrPublisher="Trends in Ecology & Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B20" refString="Seemann, BC, 1866. Solanaceae. Flora Vitiensis. A description of the plants of the Viti or Fiji Islands with an account of their history, uses, and properties. Part 5. L. Reeves and Co. London, 173-180. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.455" title="Solanaceae. Flora Vitiensis. A description of the plants of the Viti or Fiji Islands with an account of their history, uses, and properties. Part 5. L. Reeves and Co. London, 173 - 180." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.455" year="1866">Seemann 1866</bibRefCitation>
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) in the original description of the latter; it differs from that species in its smaller flowers and geminate leaves that are often lobed.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="D. McClelland" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vanuatuense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanuatuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vanuatuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is also similar to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. austrocaledonicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="austrocaledonicum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. austrocaledonicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bitter of New Caledonia and Vanuatu from which it can be distinguished by its geminate leaves that are often deeply lobed, its deltate calyx lobes (rather than long apiculate on a truncate rim) and small flowers.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="D. McClelland" authorityYear="2020" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum vanuatuense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vanuatuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum vanuatuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. austrocaledonicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="austrocaledonicum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. austrocaledonicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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co-occur on the island of Anatom (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schmid 5149</emphasis>
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is
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. vanuatuense" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vanuatuense">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. vanuatuense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schmid 5149b</emphasis>
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is
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<taxonomicName lsidName="S. austrocaledonicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="austrocaledonicum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. austrocaledonicum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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- both specimens mounted on P00315283).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Vanuatu. Anatom: entre Umetch et Aneghowhat, 12 Feb 1986 (fl, fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bourdy 442</emphasis>
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(K, P); sin. loc., (fl)
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">McGillivray s.n.</emphasis>
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(BM); secteur de Umec [Umetch], Nov 1974 (fl, fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Schmid 5149</emphasis>
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(P). Efate: Port Vila, Oct 1883 (fl, fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Levat s.n.</emphasis>
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(P). Erromango: entre Cook Bay et Ipota, ca. 5 m, 25 Jul 1983 (fl, fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cabalion 2247</emphasis>
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(K, P); tableland, 600 ft, 26 Jul 1930 (fl),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cheeseman 38</emphasis>
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(K). Espiritu Santo: Hog Harbour, 24 Nov 1933 (fl, fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Baker 58</emphasis>
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(BM). Futuna:
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“tableland”">"tableland"</normalizedToken>
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, Dec 1858 (fl, fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Milne 391</emphasis>
|
|
(K). Pentecost Island: north end, ca. 1972,
|
|
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Walsh 208</emphasis>
|
|
(NSW).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |