137 lines
11 KiB
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137 lines
11 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" ID-PMC="PMC6033956" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-102-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" ID-PubMed="30002597" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1306325" ModsDocID="1314-2003-102-1" checkinTime="1530324112772" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="DeFilipps, Robert A. & Krupnick, Gary A." docDate="2018" docId="4AA0B48195345B5CBF10E0EACD82578C" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 102: 1-341" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 102" docPubDate="2018-06-28" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380" docTitle="Justicia adhatoda L. (= Adhatoda vasica Nees)" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" lastPageNumber="3" masterDocId="AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67" masterDocTitle="The medicinal plants of Myanmar" masterLastPageNumber="341" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668138950833" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The medicinal plants of Myanmar</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>DeFilipps, Robert A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Deceased</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Krupnick, Gary A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-4826</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC- 166, Washington, DC, 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">krupnick@si.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2018-06-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>102</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>341</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.102.24380</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-102-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">AA226A35FFF8FFBC37621A40C2518C67</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1306325</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182396584" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4AA0B48195345B5CBF10E0EACD82578C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4AA0B48195345B5CBF10E0EACD82578C" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName LSID="4AA0B481-9534-5B5C-BF10-E0EACD82578C" authority="L. (= Adhatoda vasica Nees)" authorityName="L. (= Adhatoda vasica Nees)" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Justicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Justicia adhatoda" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adhatoda">Justicia adhatoda L. (= Adhatoda vasica Nees)</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="names">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Myanmar</emphasis>
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:
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">my-yar-gyi</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ye-magyi</emphasis>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">htingra-hpraw</emphasis>
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(Kachin),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">hla brairot</emphasis>
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(Mon).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">English</emphasis>
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: adulsa, Malabar nut tree.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Myanmar. Cultivated in the tropics. Widely distributed in Myanmar.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="uses">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Whole plant</emphasis>
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: Used in medicine to remove phlegm, and for excessive menses.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leaf</emphasis>
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: Astringent and bitter, the leaves have cooling properties that regulate phlegm and bile, ease diarrhea, alleviate coughing and coughing up blood, and relieve chronic asthma. They also alleviate coughing with fever, bad breath, and swellings in the lower extremities. To relieve pain and urinary infections, three tablespoons of liquid from boiling leaves, reduced to one-third starting volume, are ingested. Leaves dried in the shade, converted to ash, and ground to a fine powder can be pressed onto gums and teeth for toothaches, bleeding gums, and loose teeth. Leaves are also used to make medicines for eye ailments. Stewing the leaves and taking the liquid used to treat dysentery; also, for dysentery, male-related weaknesses, and excessive menstruation, liquid from boiling a handful of leaves in water reduced to one-third the starting volume is taken three times a day. The juice of crushed young leaves with either wine or honey is used to treat whooping cough. Leaf extract is antiseptic.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Flower</emphasis>
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: About one tablespoon of the juice squeezed from the flowers and leaves can be taken with a moderate amount of rock sugar to for bile problems and for vomiting and otherwise passing blood.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fruit</emphasis>
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: For vomiting and otherwise passing blood, three tablespoons of liquid from
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">kyazu</emphasis>
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(
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Combretaceae" genus="Terminalia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Terminalia citirina" order="Myrtales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="citirina">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Terminalia citirina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) fruit soaked in leaf juice can be taken.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Root</emphasis>
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(or
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Leaf</emphasis>
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): To treat asthma and coughs, one tablespoon of juice from the crushed roots or leaves mixed with moderate amounts of rock sugar and rock salt can be taken. Black
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">mu yargyi</emphasis>
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(probably
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Nees" authorityYear="1832" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Adhatoda" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Adhatoda vasica" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vasica">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Adhatoda vasica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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=
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Acanthaceae" genus="Justicia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Justicia adhatoda" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adhatoda">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Justicia adhatoda</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) root can be made into a paste with cold water and rubbed onto scorpion sting to neutralize the venom. The root is also a component in insecticides.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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In India the species is used in Ayurvedic medicine as a blood purifier and antispasmodic, as well as a treatment for bronchitis, asthma, tuberculosis, coughing, and intestinal worms (
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<bibRefCitation author="Jain, SK" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="173" pageNumber="174" refId="B50" refString="Jain, SK, DeFilipps, RA, 1991. Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." title="Medicinal Plants of India. 2 Vols. Reference Publications, Inc, Algonac." year="1991">Jain and DeFilipps 1991</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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"Reported constituents of the leaves are a very small amount of essential oil, vasicine (an alkaloid), and adhatodic acid. The first two have therapeutic properties. The alkaloid produces a slight fall in blood pressure followed by a rise to the original level, an increase persistent broncho-dilator effect." Antiseptic and insecticidal properties are attributed to it (
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry 1980</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="references">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">References.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<bibRefCitation author="Nordal, A" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B85" refString="Nordal, A, 1963. The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." title="The Medicinal Plants and Crude Drugs of Burma. Hellstrom & Nordahls Boktrykkeri, Oslo." year="1963">Nordal (1963)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Agricultural Corporation" journalOrPublisher="Phytotherapy Research" pageId="171" pageNumber="172" refId="B3" refString="Agricultural Corporation, 1980. Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" title="Burmese Medicinal Plants. Agricultural Corporation, Rangoon. [In Burmese]" year="1980">Agricultural Corporation (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Perry, LM" journalOrPublisher="Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences" pageId="174" pageNumber="175" refId="B90" refString="Perry, LM, 1980. Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." title="Medicinal Plants of East and South-East Asia: Attributed Properties and Uses. MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London." year="1980">Perry (1980)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Forest Department" journalOrPublisher="ARS Pharmaceutica" pageId="172" pageNumber="173" refId="B37" refString="Forest Department, 1999. Medicinal Plants of Popa Mountain Park. Ministry of Forestry, Yangon, Myanmar." title="Medicinal Plants of Popa Mountain Park. Ministry of Forestry, Yangon, Myanmar." year="1999">Forest Department (1999)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |