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<document id="F5F60623D0A9DACD07448D487C0F1273" ID-CLB-Dataset="5377" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3807.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="239ef927-f13d-4898-b3a2-1cbb63c98215" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4918122" ID-ZooBank="2D4B429C-A8E3-4B02-9C15-286FCF7D04F1" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623262887929" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Dang, Li-Hong, Mound, Laurence A. &amp; Qiao, Ge-Xia" docDate="2014" docId="4A1A87F9667947092BFAF9E5C3D0F800" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03807p082.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3807 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Hoplothrips Amyot &amp; Serville" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="40" masterDocId="B623FF81665C472E2B6DFFACC305FF80" masterDocTitle="Conspectus of the Phlaeothripinae genera from China and Southeast Asia (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)" masterLastPageNumber="82" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="38" updateTime="1699007109486" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="7AF0808249C75524D174808A879B1835" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="ED23627F451304367EF87406D8B2B815">Conspectus of the Phlaeothripinae genera from China and Southeast Asia (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="E9221363E50C554B9BABC558594A0D0D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E9C64AFBC0740F7495BEC18A68B5C0C6">
<mods:roleTerm id="2949AE9257C76B3E6059189E97E740EC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="48311767294197D7B627D6D3A3005951">Dang, Li-Hong</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="91EF32888EDE748C531311215DCC34A9">Mound, Laurence A.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="7D119DBD0C4FB25C734BE78DBF6A1062" type="email">laurence.mound@csiro.au</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A2C2C615E4B0633FF1B8207B7871B20E">Qiao, Ge-Xia</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="5CF6AB8125BBC1353724004507F41495" type="email">qiaogx@ioz.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
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<mods:title id="5C36C8D14D64E511F640D4D082F030ED">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="958A71F5263187D8C67BB3E675C094B0">
<mods:date id="44AC21B566B947A3ED3245BF28327FA4">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="AC093FF6143A748125D8F4273AB0F4BC" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="AFC455267BFC77E61A75B39F37884CFC">2014-05-29</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E2A4A240CC529CC9AC0CDAD1CF3E265F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="228DE740BB351FE0CBEE18A1A0C45C4B">3807</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="648EF5E10A632F6445B54CA38B274CE1">1</mods:start>
<mods:end id="7331E9A37E51ABA8E02C7EA70D380258">82</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="1D63693C89EE907546325DDF1F9D3ED8">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="05BAFC79EBE96438B04920723E34E22F" type="CLB-Dataset">5377</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="45623E763DB6D5A512A955298FF0B234" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3807.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="67CC4AF862A3AC8F2598FBE12BA4607D" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4A1A87F9667947092BFAF9E5C3D0F800" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918209" ID-GBIF-Taxon="183631868" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4918209" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A1A87F9667947092BFAF9E5C3D0F800" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A1A87F9667947092BFAF9E5C3D0F800" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<subSubSection id="8AA965646679470B2BFAF9E5C10CF9E3" box="[151,521,1609,1635]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C20C36EF6679470B2BFAF9E5C10CF9E3" blockId="37.[151,521,1609,1669]" box="[151,521,1609,1635]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<heading id="994481836679470B2BFAF9E5C10CF9E3" bold="true" box="[151,521,1609,1635]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C6679470B2BFAF9E5C10CF9E3" ID-CoL="636XS" authority="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" box="[151,521,1609,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD6679470B2BFAF9E5C10CF9E3" bold="true" box="[151,521,1609,1635]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD6679470B2BFAF9E5C22DF9E3" bold="true" box="[151,296,1609,1635]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Hoplothrips</emphasis>
Amyot &amp; Serville
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8AA96564667947092BFAF9C0C3D0F800" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="40" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" type="description">
<paragraph id="C20C36EF6679470B2BFAF9C0C3FCF905" blockId="37.[151,521,1609,1669]" box="[151,249,1644,1669]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
(
<figureCitation id="5A882A6A6679470B2BF2F9C0C3F4F905" box="[159,241,1644,1669]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–65" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[159,1435,195,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-68@40.[151,1436,195,1733]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 61–65. Phlaeothrips-lineage. Heads 61–64: (61) Holothrips; (62) Hoplothrips; (63) Hoplandrothrips hylaius, small male; (64) Hoplandrothrips hylaius, large male. (65) Hyidiothrips brunneus, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918152/files/figure.png" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C20C36EF6679470B2BFAF918C697F94A" blockId="37.[151,1426,1716,1738]" box="[151,1426,1716,1738]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C6679470B2BFAF918C147F94A" authority="Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843: 640" authorityName="Amyot &amp; Serville" authorityPageNumber="640" authorityYear="1843" box="[151,578,1716,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD6679470B2BFAF918C217F94A" box="[151,274,1716,1738]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Hoplothrips</emphasis>
Amyot &amp; Serville, 1843: 640
</taxonomicName>
.
<typeStatus id="1D08884D6679470B2921F918C17BF949" box="[588,638,1716,1737]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Type</typeStatus>
species:
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD6679470B29B6F918C018F94A" box="[731,797,1716,1738]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Thrips</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C6679470B2849F918C0C9F94A" authority="De Geer" authorityName="De Geer" box="[804,972,1716,1738]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="corticis">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD6679470B2849F918C075F949" box="[804,880,1716,1737]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">corticis</emphasis>
De Geer
</taxonomicName>
, by subsequent designation of
<bibRefCitation id="A6224B1E6679470B2E6EF918C68AF94A" author="Karny, H." box="[1283,1423,1716,1738]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" pagination="322 - 344" refId="ref61464" refString="Karny, H. (1912 a) Revision der von Serville aufgestellten Thysanopteren-Genera. Zoologische Annalen, 4, 322 - 344." type="journal article" year="1912">Karny, 1912a</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C20C36EF6679470B2BFAF95AC7DFF81F" blockId="37.[151,1436,1782,1951]" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">
This is a large genus of 128 fungus-feeding species. As in
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C6679470B2857F95AC0F0F88F" box="[826,1013,1782,1807]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplandrothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD6679470B2857F95AC0F0F88F" box="[826,1013,1782,1807]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Hoplandrothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, many of these are known to exhibit sexual dimorphism as well as male allometry, leading to problems both in defining the genus and in distinguishing the species. These two genera are probably more closely related to each other than previous authors have considered (Mound
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD6679470B2A1AF8CFC2A2F8FB" box="[375,423,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">et al</emphasis>
. 2013). In the north temperate part of the world,
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C6679470B28A4F8CEC7ADF8FB" box="[969,1192,1890,1915]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Hoplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="37" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD6679470B28A4F8CEC755F8FB" box="[969,1104,1890,1915]" italics="true" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Hoplothrips</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
are often common on dead branches, with six species recorded from
<collectingCountry id="BAA4767F6679470B29CEF82AC1ECF81F" box="[675,745,1926,1951]" name="China" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">China</collectingCountry>
, but only a single one listed from
<collectingCountry id="BAA4767F6679470B2F08F82AC7D3F81F" box="[1125,1238,1926,1951]" name="Indonesia" pageId="37" pageNumber="38">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="96CC6667667A47082BFAF97FC148F8A7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918146" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4918146" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918146/files/figure.png" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" startId="38.[151,264,1747,1770]" targetBox="[151,1436,235,1662]" targetPageId="38">
<paragraph id="C20C36EF667A47082BFAF97FC148F8A7" blockId="38.[151,1436,1747,1831]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667A47082BFAF97FC255F969" bold="true" box="[151,336,1747,1770]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">FIGURES 49–54</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C667A47082A0CF978C105F96A" authorityName="Uzel" authorityYear="1895" box="[353,512,1748,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phlaeothripinae">Phlaeothripinae</taxonomicName>
genera.
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C667A47082930F978C1DDF96A" box="[605,728,1748,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667A47082930F978C1DDF96A" box="[605,728,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Haplothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
49–51:
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667A4708285FF97FC05EF96A" bold="true" box="[818,859,1747,1770]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">(49)</emphasis>
subgenus
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C667A470828A3F978C74DF96A" box="[974,1096,1748,1770]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Haplothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667A470828A3F978C74DF96A" box="[974,1096,1748,1770]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Haplothrips</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, forewing;
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667A47082FA9F97FC7EBF96A" bold="true" box="[1220,1262,1747,1770]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">(50)</emphasis>
Ventral view of thorax;
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667A47082B85F95EC217F889" bold="true" box="[232,274,1778,1801]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">(51)</emphasis>
subgenus
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C667A47082AE9F95EC2FBF888" authorityName="Bagnall" authorityYear="1926" box="[388,510,1778,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Trybomiella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667A47082AE9F95EC2FBF888" box="[388,510,1778,1800]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Trybomiella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, forewing.
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C667A47082914F95EC046F888" authorityName="Priesner" authorityYear="1920" box="[633,835,1778,1800]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Liothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vaneeckei">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667A47082914F95EC046F888" box="[633,835,1778,1800]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Liothrips vaneeckei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
52–53:
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667A470828F1F95EC0C3F889" bold="true" box="[924,966,1778,1801]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">(52)</emphasis>
Ventral view of thorax;
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667A47082FA0F95EC7F2F889" bold="true" box="[1229,1271,1778,1801]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">(53)</emphasis>
Forewing.
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667A47082E1FF95EC69EF889" bold="true" box="[1394,1435,1778,1801]" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">(54)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C667A47082BFAF8BDC25CF8A7" authorityName="Zimmermann" authorityYear="1900" box="[151,345,1809,1831]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Mesothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="38" pageNumber="39" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jordani">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667A47082BFAF8BDC25CF8A7" box="[151,345,1809,1831]" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="39">Mesothrips jordani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view of thorax.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="96CC6667667B47092BFAFA60C1B4F99F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918150" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4918150" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918150/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" startId="39.[151,264,1484,1507]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1463]" targetPageId="39">
<paragraph id="C20C36EF667B47092BFAFA60C1B4F99F" blockId="39.[151,1436,1484,1568]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092BFAFA60C255FA61" bold="true" box="[151,336,1484,1507]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">FIGURES 55–60</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C667B47092A32FA60C2EFFA62" box="[351,490,1484,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Haplothripini">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092A32FA60C2EFFA62" box="[351,490,1484,1506]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Haplothripini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092A97FA60C121FA63" bold="true" box="[506,548,1484,1507]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">(55)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C667B47092940FA60C02AFA62" baseAuthorityName="Bagnall" baseAuthorityYear="1911" box="[557,815,1484,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Karnyothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="melaleucus">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092940FA60C02AFA62" box="[557,815,1484,1506]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Karnyothrips melaleucus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, head, pronotum &amp; foreleg;
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092F33FA60C782FA63" bold="true" box="[1118,1159,1484,1507]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">(56)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C667B47092FFCFA60C650FA62" authorityName="Zimmermann" authorityYear="1900" box="[1169,1365,1484,1506]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Mesothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="jordani">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092FFCFA60C650FA62" box="[1169,1365,1484,1506]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Mesothrips jordani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, head;
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092BFAFA46C3C4F981" bold="true" box="[151,193,1514,1537]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">(57)</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092BAAFA47C27DF981" box="[199,376,1515,1537]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C667B47092BAAFA47C239F981" box="[199,316,1515,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Sinuothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Sinuothrips</taxonomicName>
hasta
</emphasis>
, head;
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092AD2FA46C2ECF981" bold="true" box="[447,489,1514,1537]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">(58)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C667B47092A9DFA47C1DEF981" authorityName="Okajima" authorityYear="1978" box="[496,731,1515,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Podothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrugineus">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092A9DFA47C1DEF981" box="[496,731,1515,1537]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Podothrips ferrugineus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, head, pronotum &amp; foreleg;
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092895FA46C727F981" bold="true" box="[1016,1058,1514,1537]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">(59)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C667B47092F44FA47C7F2F981" authorityName="Kurosawa" authorityYear="1940" box="[1065,1271,1515,1537]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Podothrips" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sasacola">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092F44FA47C7F2F981" box="[1065,1271,1515,1537]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Podothrips sasacola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, ventral view of thorax;
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092B88F9A5C20BF9A0" bold="true" box="[229,270,1545,1568]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">(60)</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="05B34D6C667B47092A78F9A5C2EFF99F" baseAuthorityName="Hood" baseAuthorityYear="1919" box="[277,490,1545,1567]" class="Insecta" family="Phlaeothripidae" genus="Dyothrips" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Thysanoptera" pageId="39" pageNumber="40" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallescens">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092A78F9A5C2EFF99F" box="[277,490,1545,1567]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Dyothrips pallescens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, head &amp; pronotum.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C20C36EF667B47092BAAF9E4C3D0F800" blockId="39.[151,1436,1607,1920]" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="F0C7EAFD667B47092BAAF9E4C23CF9DF" box="[199,313,1608,1631]" italics="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis</emphasis>
: Often sexually dimorphic, also wing-length polymorphic; head usually slightly longer than wide; postocular setae usually well developed (
<figureCitation id="5A882A6A667B47092916F9C7C1D6F904" box="[635,723,1643,1668]" captionStart="FIGURES 61–65" captionStartId="40.[151,264,1754,1777]" captionTargetBox="[159,1435,195,1730]" captionTargetId="figure-68@40.[151,1436,195,1733]" captionTargetPageId="40" captionText="FIGURES 61–65. Phlaeothrips-lineage. Heads 61–64: (61) Holothrips; (62) Hoplothrips; (63) Hoplandrothrips hylaius, small male; (64) Hoplandrothrips hylaius, large male. (65) Hyidiothrips brunneus, female." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4918152" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4918152/files/figure.png" pageId="39" pageNumber="40">Fig. 62</figureCitation>
), pointed or capitate; stylets usually long and close together medially; antennae 8-segmented, VIII usually constricted basally, III with 3 sensoria, IV with 4; pronotum with major setae variable, notopleural sutures usually complete, sometimes incomplete or nearly complete; basantra absent, rarely present; mesopresternum variable, often divided into three plates; sternopleural sutures present; fore tarsal tooth usually present in both sexes; fore wings if present parallel-sided, with duplicated cilia; pelta usually bell-shaped; tergites II–VII usually each with 2 pairs of wing retaining setae; tube variable in shape, anal setae usually shorter than tube, often longer; male sternites often with paired reticulated areas, sternite VIII with pore plate.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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