treatments-xml/data/17/72/12/1772122E7804FFC2FF343977AEB0EAB5.xml

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<mods:title>Review of the Spirobolida on Madagascar, with descriptions of twelve new genera, including three genera of ' fire millipedes' (Diplopoda)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Wesener, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A. &amp; Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Museumsmeile Bonn, Adenauerallee 160, D- 53113 Bonn, Germany. &amp; B 54 D 3623309</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Enghoff, Henrik</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Sierwald, Petra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, U. S. A.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2009</mods:date>
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<mods:number>2009-09-04</mods:number>
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:
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unique characters are the posterior gonopods connected by a sclerotized sternite and the absence of long and slender apodemes on the telopodite and coxite of the anterior gonopod. The sternal apodemes are tiny or absent. The tracheal apodemes of the posterior gonopods are large, sometimes as large as the go- nopod. 
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Hoffman" baseAuthorityYear="1980" box="[228,377,167,193]" class="Diplopoda" family="Pachybolidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spirobolida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pachybolidae</taxonomicName>
generally show a pantropical distribution in the Southern Hemisphere (
<bibRefCitation author="Hoffman" box="[227,401,202,228]" firstAuthor="Hoffman" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" refId="ref57240" refString="Hoffman RL (1980) Classification of the Diplopoda. Musee d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, Geneve, Switzerland, 237 pp." type="book" year="1980">Hoffman 1980</bibRefCitation>
, 
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).
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