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<document id="399005D5B8E12EFC2BD7EEF398F6C0C0" ID-DOI="10.1080/14772019.2016.1151958" ID-ISSN="1478-0941" ID-PMC="PMC5221741" ID-PubMed="28077930" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883098" ID-ZooBank="A30E5364-0003-4467-B902-43A41AD456CC" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="diego" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="diego" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="diego" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="diego" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="diego" checkinTime="1711483431746" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Schwarzhans, Werner, Mors, Thomas, Engelbrecht, Andrea, Reguero, Marcelo &amp; Kriwet, Jurgen" docDate="2017" docId="041B87CAFFACFFFAD48DFD84E2D1DF46" docLanguage="en" docName="JSystPalaeontol.15.2.147-170.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Systematic Palaeontology 15 (2)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2016.1151958" docStyle="DocumentStyle:602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545.3:JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleId="602474738E3D100F0F13788B53F61545" docStyleName="JSystPalaeontol.2016-.journal_article.open" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Macruronus eastmani Schwarzhans &amp; Mors &amp; Engelbrecht &amp; Reguero &amp; Kriwet 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="156" masterDocId="F822FFB2FFA4FFF0D753FFE4E35DDA07" masterDocTitle="Before the freeze: otoliths from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica, reveal dominance of gadiform fishes (Teleostei)" masterLastPageNumber="170" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="154" updateTime="1711973403844" updateUser="diego" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="248079C6174E279397E50280D6B90456">Before the freeze: otoliths from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica, reveal dominance of gadiform fishes (Teleostei)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B3BC7092C6979A2F196F52486B23645A">Schwarzhans, Werner</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A189175A447756C367ACF53147FB13B8">Ahrensburger Weg 103, D- 22359 Hamburg, Germany; &amp; Natural History Museum of Denmark, Zoological Museum, Universitetsparken 15, DK- 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B284062EC078368D07CB9D4123A6F87D">Mors, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="E294FA1DFF22CC19791E7A4E6E0A80E9">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, P. O. Box 5007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7155AE0E1DE00A8E09D62ED7DDFC273C">Engelbrecht, Andrea</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="2E61DF6CA061B216F1F0B07FCFE3D16B">University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="9504C6EECEDD61DC2B0FFDFBC80961DB">Reguero, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="48A22EF46C6858D1D114090572491763">Museo de La Plata, Division ́ Paleontolog ́ ıa de Vertebrados, Paseo del Bosque s / n, B 1900 FWA La Plata, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3CA8DF522FE41BCA986AD83907FE7820">Kriwet, Jurgen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="37B5DE534FADFCA6DFFD8516C295A6BE">University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="041B87CAFFACFFFAD48DFD84E2D1DF46" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:041B87CAFFACFFFAD48DFD84E2D1DF46" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/041B87CAFFACFFFAD48DFD84E2D1DF46" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
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<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D48DFD84E677D870" blockId="8.[944,1367,512,663]" box="[990,1322,608,631]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
<heading id="D74581B0FFACFFF8D48DFD84E677D870" box="[990,1322,608,631]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFACFFF8D48DFD84E78DD870" authority="Schwarzhans &amp; Mors &amp; Engelbrecht &amp; Reguero &amp; Kriwet, 2017" authorityName="Schwarzhans &amp; Mors &amp; Engelbrecht &amp; Reguero &amp; Kriwet" authorityYear="2017" box="[990,1232,608,631]" family="Merlucciidae" genus="Macruronus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D48DFD84E78DD870" bold="true" box="[990,1232,608,631]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Macruronus eastmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5F557B5FFACFFF8D384FD84E677D870" box="[1239,1322,608,631]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="C4A86557FFACFFF8D344FD64E62BD8DF" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" type="description">
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D344FD64E7ADD890" blockId="8.[944,1367,512,663]" box="[1047,1264,640,663]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
(
<figureCitation id="14892A59FFACFFF8D373FD64E7C4D890" box="[1056,1177,640,663]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[159,227,1703,1724]" captionTargetBox="[175,1452,183,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[175,1452,183,1671]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Drawings of Eocene otoliths from Seymour Island. A, B, Tripterophycis immutatus Schwarzhans, 1980, NRM-PZ P.15969, mirror imaged; A, inner face; B, dorsal view. C—F, Macruronus eastmani sp. nov.; C—E, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15970, mirror imaged; C, inner face; D, outer face; E, ventral view; F, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15971, inner face. G—M, Palimphemus seymourensis sp. nov.; G—I, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15973, mirror imaged; G, inner face; H, ventral view; I, outer face; J, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15975, mirror imaged, inner face; K—M, paratypes, NRM-PZ P.15974; K, inner face, mirror imaged; L, ventral view; M, inner face. N—R, Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi sp. nov.; N—P, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15978; N, inner face; O, ventral view; P, outer face; Q, R, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15979, mirror imaged; Q, inner face; R, ventral view. S—U, Coelorinchus balushkini sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15976; S, inner face; T, ventral view; U, outer face. V, W, Coelorinchus sp., NRM-PZ P.15911; V, inner face (strongly eroded); W, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883110/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Figs 4C—F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="14892A59FFACFFF8D3F7FD64E7B5D890" box="[1188,1256,640,663]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="15.[159,227,1815,1836]" captionTargetBox="[216,1409,183,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-1@15.[216,1410,183,1783]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 6. Eocene otoliths from Seymour Island. A, Argentina antarctica sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15964, mirror imaged, inner face. B, C, Diaphus? marambionis sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15966; B, inner face; C, ventral view. D—F, Macruronus eastmani sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15970, mirror imaged; D, inner face; E, ventral view; F, outer face. G—I, Palimphemus seymourensis sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15973, mirror imaged; G, inner face; H, ventral view; I, outer face. J—L, Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15978; J, inner face; K, ventral view; L, outer face. M, N, Coelorinchus balushkini sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15976; M, inner face; N, ventral view. O, P, Hoplobrotula? antipoda sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15984, mirror imaged; O, inner face; P, ventral view. Q, Notoberyx cionei gen. nov., sp. nov.; holotype, NRM-PZ P.15987, inner face. R, Cepola anderssoni sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15996, mirror imaged, inner face." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883114/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">6D—F</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D41EFD25E62BD8DF" blockId="8.[845,1398,705,728]" box="[845,1398,705,728]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
1985
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFACFFF8D4DAFD25E76CD8DF" box="[905,1073,705,728]" family="Merlucciidae" genus="Macruronus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D4DAFD25E751D8DF" box="[905,1036,705,728]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Macruronus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
Schwarzhans: 25, figs 40—42.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C4A86557FFACFFF8D41EFD17E62BD9DC" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D41EFD17E74AD96E" blockId="8.[845,1467,755,873]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
<materialsCitation id="3CDA3C81FFACFFF8D41EFD17E0FDD92D" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" specimenCode="NRM-PZ P.15970" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D41EFD17E0EAD90D" bold="true" box="[845,951,755,778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Material.</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="5309887EFFACFFF8D495FD17E773D90D" box="[966,1070,755,778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCode id="DC149EA7FFACFFF8D317FD17E64ED90D" box="[1092,1299,755,778]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">NRM-PZ P.15970</specimenCode>
(
<figureCitation id="14892A59FFACFFF8D27CFD17E6EBD90D" box="[1327,1462,755,778]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[159,227,1703,1724]" captionTargetBox="[175,1452,183,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[175,1452,183,1671]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Drawings of Eocene otoliths from Seymour Island. A, B, Tripterophycis immutatus Schwarzhans, 1980, NRM-PZ P.15969, mirror imaged; A, inner face; B, dorsal view. C—F, Macruronus eastmani sp. nov.; C—E, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15970, mirror imaged; C, inner face; D, outer face; E, ventral view; F, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15971, inner face. G—M, Palimphemus seymourensis sp. nov.; G—I, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15973, mirror imaged; G, inner face; H, ventral view; I, outer face; J, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15975, mirror imaged, inner face; K—M, paratypes, NRM-PZ P.15974; K, inner face, mirror imaged; L, ventral view; M, inner face. N—R, Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi sp. nov.; N—P, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15978; N, inner face; O, ventral view; P, outer face; Q, R, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15979, mirror imaged; Q, inner face; R, ventral view. S—U, Coelorinchus balushkini sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15976; S, inner face; T, ventral view; U, outer face. V, W, Coelorinchus sp., NRM-PZ P.15911; V, inner face (strongly eroded); W, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883110/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Figs 4C—E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="14892A59FFACFFF8D41EFCF7E0C9D92D" box="[845,916,787,810]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="15.[159,227,1815,1836]" captionTargetBox="[216,1409,183,1783]" captionTargetId="figure-1@15.[216,1410,183,1783]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 6. Eocene otoliths from Seymour Island. A, Argentina antarctica sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15964, mirror imaged, inner face. B, C, Diaphus? marambionis sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15966; B, inner face; C, ventral view. D—F, Macruronus eastmani sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15970, mirror imaged; D, inner face; E, ventral view; F, outer face. G—I, Palimphemus seymourensis sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15973, mirror imaged; G, inner face; H, ventral view; I, outer face. J—L, Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15978; J, inner face; K, ventral view; L, outer face. M, N, Coelorinchus balushkini sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15976; M, inner face; N, ventral view. O, P, Hoplobrotula? antipoda sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15984, mirror imaged; O, inner face; P, ventral view. Q, Notoberyx cionei gen. nov., sp. nov.; holotype, NRM-PZ P.15987, inner face. R, Cepola anderssoni sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15996, mirror imaged, inner face." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883114" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883114/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">6D—F</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
<typeStatus id="5309887EFFACFFF8D4E3FCF7E741D92D" box="[944,1052,787,810]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount id="9AB4FD55FFACFFF8D363FCF7E787D92D" box="[1072,1242,787,810]" count="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
, NRM-PZ P.15971 (
<figureCitation id="14892A59FFACFFF8D405FCD7E0F3D94D" box="[854,942,819,842]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[159,227,1703,1724]" captionTargetBox="[175,1452,183,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[175,1452,183,1671]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Drawings of Eocene otoliths from Seymour Island. A, B, Tripterophycis immutatus Schwarzhans, 1980, NRM-PZ P.15969, mirror imaged; A, inner face; B, dorsal view. C—F, Macruronus eastmani sp. nov.; C—E, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15970, mirror imaged; C, inner face; D, outer face; E, ventral view; F, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15971, inner face. G—M, Palimphemus seymourensis sp. nov.; G—I, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15973, mirror imaged; G, inner face; H, ventral view; I, outer face; J, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15975, mirror imaged, inner face; K—M, paratypes, NRM-PZ P.15974; K, inner face, mirror imaged; L, ventral view; M, inner face. N—R, Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi sp. nov.; N—P, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15978; N, inner face; O, ventral view; P, outer face; Q, R, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15979, mirror imaged; Q, inner face; R, ventral view. S—U, Coelorinchus balushkini sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15976; S, inner face; T, ventral view; U, outer face. V, W, Coelorinchus sp., NRM-PZ P.15911; V, inner face (strongly eroded); W, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883110/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Fig. 4F</figureCitation>
). Other material: six fragmentary specimens, NRM-PZ P.15972.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D41EFC60E62BD9DC" blockId="8.[845,1467,900,987]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D41EFC60E084D99C" bold="true" box="[845,985,900,923]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Occurrence.</emphasis>
Telm 5 unit;
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFACFFF8D3DBFC60E792D99C" authorityName="Scopoli" authorityYear="1777" box="[1160,1231,900,923]" class="Gastropoda" family="Naticidae" genus="Natica" kingdom="Animalia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D3DBFC60E792D99C" box="[1160,1231,900,923]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Natica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
horizon,
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFACFFF8D215FC60E6FBD99C" box="[1350,1446,900,923]" class="Bivalvia" family="Cucullaeidae" genus="Cucullea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arcida" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D215FC60E6FBD99C" box="[1350,1446,900,923]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Cucullea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
I member, La Meseta Formation, late Ypresian, early Eocene. Site IAA 1/90, Seymour Island,
<collectingCountry id="F4A5764CFFACFFF8D3ACFC20E62FD9DC" box="[1279,1394,964,987]" name="Antarctica" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C4A86557FFACFFF8D41EFC12E0E2DEAA" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D41EFC12E0E2DEAA" blockId="8.[845,1467,1014,1197]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D41EFC12E092DE0A" bold="true" box="[845,975,1014,1037]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named in honour of Joseph
<collectionCode id="EAA3AE19FFACFFF8D26AFC12E611DE0A" box="[1337,1356,1014,1037]" name="Tavera, Department of Geology and Geophysics" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">T</collectionCode>
. Eastman (Athens,
<collectingRegion id="4E76F83EFFACFFF8D4FDFBF2E0B9DE2A" box="[942,996,1046,1069]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Ohio</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F4A5764CFFACFFF8D4A0FBF2E775DE2A" box="[1011,1064,1046,1069]" name="United States of America" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">USA</collectingCountry>
) in recognition of his contribution to the knowledge of fossil Antarctic fishes. Together with Lance Grande, he was also the first to recognize the presence of fossil gadiforms in the Eocene of the La Meseta Formation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C4A86557FFACFFF8D41EFB23E783DF39" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D41EFB23E783DF39" blockId="8.[845,1466,1223,1342]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D41EFB23E09CDED9" bold="true" box="[845,961,1223,1246]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
OL:OH = 1.85—1.95. Ventral rim regularly and moderately deeply curved. All rims and outer face intensely crenulated.
<collectionCode id="EAA3AE19FFACFFF8D311FAE3E725DF19" box="[1090,1144,1287,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">CCL</collectionCode>
:
<collectionCode id="EAA3AE19FFACFFF8D328FAE3E7EFDF19" box="[1147,1202,1287,1310]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">OCL</collectionCode>
= 1.3. Collum rather wide, with distinct pseudocolliculum.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C4A86557FFACFFFAD41EFABDE1D9DBF4" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" type="description">
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D41EFABDE0F7DCE8" blockId="8.[845,1467,1369,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D41EFABDE085DF77" bold="true" box="[845,984,1369,1392]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Description.</emphasis>
Moderately large and thin otoliths up to at least
<quantity id="4B4A9B39FFACFFF8D4DAFA9DE091DF97" box="[905,972,1401,1424]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="8.0">8 mm</quantity>
in length (
<typeStatus id="5309887EFFACFFF8D31CFA9DE7F6DF97" box="[1103,1195,1401,1424]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<quantity id="4B4A9B39FFACFFF8D3EBFA9DE7A6DF97" box="[1208,1275,1401,1424]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
long) and rather compressed for a species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFACFFF8D3AEFA7DE621DFB7" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1873" box="[1277,1404,1433,1456]" family="Merlucciidae" genus="Macruronus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D3AEFA7DE621DFB7" box="[1277,1404,1433,1456]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Macruronus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. OH: OT = 3.7—4.0. Dorsal rim divided into three equally long stretches with broad, obtuse predorsal and rounded postdorsal angles at joints, pre- and postdorsal rims regularly inclined, mediodorsal rim flat to slightly concave, slightly backward inclined; predorsal angle consequently highest point on dorsal rim. Ventral rim regularly curved and moderately deep, deepest just anterior of collum. Anterior tip rounded, at level of ostium; posterior tip slightly projecting, rounded. All rims intensely crenulated, medioventral rim the least.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFFAD434F913E1D9DBF4" blockId="8.[845,1467,1369,1934]" lastBlockId="10.[159,781,189,499]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="156" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Inner face convex, bent along horizontal axis, with slightly supramedian positioned, moderately wide and shallow sulcus terminating close to anterior and posterior tips of otolith and almost joining them. Sulcus curved, deepest at collum, with ostium only slightly shorter than cauda. Ostial and caudal colliculi well marked, shallow; ostial colliculum anteriorly not reduced; caudal colliculum with slightly bent dorsal margin. Collum moderately wide, with distinct pseudocolliculum. Dorsal field with many long radial furrows, partly reaching into sulcus, and small dorsal depression; ventral field with distinct, thin ventral furrow moderately close to ventral rim of otolith, several faint radial furrows, mostly not extending across ventral furrow. Outer face concave with many long radial furrows coalescing in a shallow central ridge.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="D8CD6654FFADFFF9D7CCF943E624DD71" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883110" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10883110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883110/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="155" startId="9.[159,227,1703,1724]" targetBox="[175,1452,183,1671]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFADFFF9D7CCF943E624DD71" blockId="9.[159,1467,1703,1910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D7CCF943E3A0DCBB" bold="true" box="[159,253,1703,1724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Drawings of Eocene otoliths from Seymour Island.
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D453F943E068DCBB" bold="true" box="[768,821,1703,1724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">A, B,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFADFFF9D46FF943E7AADCBB" authority="Schwarzhans, 1980" authorityName="Schwarzhans" authorityYear="1980" box="[828,1271,1703,1724]" family="Moridae" genus="Tripterophycis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immutatus">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D46FF943E769DCBB" box="[828,1076,1703,1724]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">Tripterophycis immutatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E8234B2DFFADFFF9D368F943E7AADCBB" author="Schwarzhans, W." box="[1083,1271,1703,1724]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155" pagination="1 - 269" refId="ref17706" refString="Schwarzhans, W. 1980. Die terti ¨ are Teleosteer-Fauna Neuseelands, rekonstruiert anhand von Otolithen. Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (A), 26, 1 - 211. [English translation 1984 in New Zealand Geological Survey Report, 113, 1 - 269.]" type="journal article" year="1980">Schwarzhans, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, NRM-PZ P.15969, mirror imaged;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D664F926E213DCD0" bold="true" box="[311,334,1730,1751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">A,</emphasis>
inner face;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D691F926E285DCD0" bold="true" box="[450,472,1730,1751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">B,</emphasis>
dorsal view.
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D508F926E1CEDCD0" bold="true" box="[603,659,1729,1751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">C—F,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFADFFF9D5C9F926E030DCD0" authority="Schwarzhans &amp; Mors &amp; Engelbrecht &amp; Reguero &amp; Kriwet, 2017" authorityName="Schwarzhans &amp; Mors &amp; Engelbrecht &amp; Reguero &amp; Kriwet" authorityYear="2017" box="[666,877,1730,1751]" family="Merlucciidae" genus="Macruronus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastmani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D5C9F926E030DCD0" box="[666,877,1730,1751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">Macruronus eastmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5F557B5FFADFFF9D420F926E09EDCD0" box="[883,963,1730,1751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D49FF926E75BDCD0" bold="true" box="[972,1030,1729,1751]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">C—E,</emphasis>
holotype, NRM-PZ P.15970, mirror imaged;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D7CCF938E3EBDCF6" bold="true" box="[159,182,1756,1777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">C,</emphasis>
inner face;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D67DF938E218DCF6" bold="true" box="[302,325,1756,1777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">D,</emphasis>
outer face;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D6EFF938E28FDCF6" bold="true" box="[444,466,1756,1777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">E,</emphasis>
ventral view;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D532F938E12BDCF6" bold="true" box="[609,630,1756,1777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">F,</emphasis>
paratype, NRM-PZ P.15971, inner face.
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D358F938E710DCF6" bold="true" box="[1035,1101,1756,1778]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">G—M,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFADFFF9D306F938E602DCF6" authority="Schwarzhans &amp; Mors &amp; Engelbrecht &amp; Reguero &amp; Kriwet, 2017" authorityName="Schwarzhans &amp; Mors &amp; Engelbrecht &amp; Reguero &amp; Kriwet" authorityYear="2017" box="[1109,1375,1756,1777]" family="Gadidae" genus="Palimphemus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="seymourensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D306F938E602DCF6" box="[1109,1375,1756,1777]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">Palimphemus seymourensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5F557B5FFADFFF9D234F938E6EADCF6" box="[1383,1463,1756,1777]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D7CCF913E38EDD0B" bold="true" box="[159,211,1782,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">G—I,</emphasis>
holotype, NRM-PZ P.15973, mirror imaged;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D5C2F913E1F7DD0B" bold="true" box="[657,682,1783,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">G,</emphasis>
inner face;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D44DF913E06ADD0B" bold="true" box="[798,823,1783,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">H,</emphasis>
ventral view;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D497F913E08EDD0B" bold="true" box="[964,979,1783,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">I,</emphasis>
outer face;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D31BF913E707DD0B" bold="true" box="[1096,1114,1783,1804]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">J,</emphasis>
paratype, NRM-PZ P.15975, mirror imaged, inner face;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D60CF8F5E2FCDD21" bold="true" box="[351,417,1809,1831]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">K—M,</emphasis>
paratypes, NRM-PZ P.15974;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D598F8F5E1B9DD21" bold="true" box="[715,740,1809,1830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">K,</emphasis>
inner face, mirror imaged;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D4BEF8F5E75EDD21" bold="true" box="[1005,1027,1809,1830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">L,</emphasis>
ventral view;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D3DDF8F5E7F7DD21" bold="true" box="[1166,1194,1809,1830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">M,</emphasis>
inner face.
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D24FF8F5E60ADD21" bold="true" box="[1308,1367,1809,1831]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">N—R,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFADFFF9D20EF8F5E202DD46" authority="Schwarzhans &amp; Mors &amp; Engelbrecht &amp; Reguero &amp; Kriwet, 2017" authorityName="Schwarzhans &amp; Mors &amp; Engelbrecht &amp; Reguero &amp; Kriwet" authorityYear="2017" family="Macrouridae" genus="Coelorinchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nordenskjoeldi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D20EF8F5E202DD46" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5F557B5FFADFFF9D636F8C8E2E9DD46" box="[357,436,1836,1857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D6EFF8C8E2A8DD46" bold="true" box="[444,501,1835,1857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">N—P,</emphasis>
holotype, NRM-PZ P.15978;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D445F8C8E070DD46" bold="true" box="[790,813,1836,1857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">N,</emphasis>
inner face;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D4CDF8C8E0EADD46" bold="true" box="[926,951,1836,1857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">O,</emphasis>
ventral view;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D313F8C8E708DD46" bold="true" box="[1088,1109,1836,1857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">P,</emphasis>
outer face;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D395F8C8E7A1DD46" bold="true" box="[1222,1276,1836,1857]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">Q, R,</emphasis>
paratype, NRM-PZ P.15979, mirror imaged;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D6C7F8A2E2F0DD5C" bold="true" box="[404,429,1862,1883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">Q,</emphasis>
inner face;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D571F8A2E164DD5C" bold="true" box="[546,569,1862,1883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">R,</emphasis>
ventral view.
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D595F8A2E1A0DD5C" bold="true" box="[710,765,1862,1884]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">S—U,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFADFFF9D457F8A2E0ADDD5C" authority="Schwarzhans &amp; Mors &amp; Engelbrecht &amp; Reguero &amp; Kriwet, 2017" authorityName="Schwarzhans &amp; Mors &amp; Engelbrecht &amp; Reguero &amp; Kriwet" authorityYear="2017" box="[772,1008,1862,1883]" family="Macrouridae" genus="Coelorinchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="balushkini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D457F8A2E0ADDD5C" box="[772,1008,1862,1883]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">Coelorinchus balushkini</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A5F557B5FFADFFF9D4A4F8A2E71BDD5C" box="[1015,1094,1862,1883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15976;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D23CF8A2E6DFDD5C" bold="true" box="[1391,1410,1862,1883]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">S,</emphasis>
inner face;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D787F885E3B7DD71" bold="true" box="[212,234,1889,1910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">T,</emphasis>
ventral view;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D620F885E2D7DD71" bold="true" box="[371,394,1889,1910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">U,</emphasis>
outer face.
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D6A8F885E16BDD71" bold="true" box="[507,566,1889,1910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">V, W,</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFADFFF9D568F885E182DD71" box="[571,735,1889,1910]" family="Macrouridae" genus="Coelorinchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="9" pageNumber="155" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D568F885E1E1DD71" box="[571,700,1889,1910]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">Coelorinchus</emphasis>
sp.
</taxonomicName>
, NRM-PZ P.15911;
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D4F7F885E0E6DD71" bold="true" box="[932,955,1889,1910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">V,</emphasis>
inner face (strongly eroded);
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFADFFF9D38BF885E7ABDD71" bold="true" box="[1240,1270,1889,1910]" pageId="9" pageNumber="155">W,</emphasis>
ventral view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C4A86557FFAEFFFAD7CCFDC8E2D1DF46" pageId="10" pageNumber="156" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFAEFFFAD7CCFDC8E287D9C5" blockId="10.[159,781,556,1345]" pageId="10" pageNumber="156">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFAEFFFAD7CCFDC8E253D844" bold="true" box="[159,270,556,579]" pageId="10" pageNumber="156">Remarks.</emphasis>
The first otoliths of this species were recovered from the late Eocene of
<collectingRegion id="4E76F83EFFAEFFFAD6B8FDA8E1C8D864" box="[491,661,588,611]" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="10" pageNumber="156">South Australia</collectingRegion>
(
<bibRefCitation id="E8234B2DFFAEFFFAD5F4FDA8E251D884" author="Schwarzhans, W." pageId="10" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref17787" refString="Schwarzhans, W. 1985. Terti ¨ are Otolithen aus South Australia und Vict (Australien). Palaeo Ichthyologica, 3, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1985">Schwarzhans 1985</bibRefCitation>
), but they were too poorly preserved to allow a specific identification at the time. The specimens from Seymour Island clearly represent the same species characterized by the relatively compressed shape when compared to other species of the genus, which always have an OL:OH well above 2.0, the deeper ventral rim, the rather long ostium (
<collectionCode id="EAA3AE19FFAEFFFAD678FCCFE23FD945" box="[299,354,811,834]" pageId="10" pageNumber="156">CCL</collectionCode>
:
<collectionCode id="EAA3AE19FFAEFFFAD636FCCFE2C0D945" box="[357,413,811,834]" pageId="10" pageNumber="156">OCL</collectionCode>
= 1.3) and the presence of a pseudocolliculum in the collum.
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFAEFFFAD689FCAFE19AD965" authorityName="Schwarzhans &amp; Mors &amp; Engelbrecht &amp; Reguero &amp; Kriwet" authorityYear="2017" box="[474,711,843,866]" family="Merlucciidae" genus="Macruronus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eastmani">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFAEFFFAD689FCAFE19AD965" box="[474,711,843,866]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="156">Macruronus eastmani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the earliest known species of the genus, and the diagnostic characters are all considered plesiomorphic, except possibly for the pseudocolliculum.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFAEFFFAD7E9FC2FE2D1DF46" blockId="10.[159,781,556,1345]" pageId="10" pageNumber="156">
Now,
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFAEFFFAD7AFFC2FE222D9E5" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1873" box="[252,383,971,994]" family="Merlucciidae" genus="Macruronus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFAEFFFAD7AFFC2FE222D9E5" box="[252,383,971,994]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="156">Macruronus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a typical endemic gadiform of the temperate Southern Ocean living above the lower shelf and the upper slope. It is identified as an old merlucciid lineage and it appears to have always been geographically bound to the same general area through its evolution during the Palaeogene and Neogene (
<bibRefCitation id="E8234B2DFFAEFFFAD567FB8EE05BDE86" author="Schwarzhans, W." box="[564,774,1130,1153]" pageId="10" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 269" refId="ref17706" refString="Schwarzhans, W. 1980. Die terti ¨ are Teleosteer-Fauna Neuseelands, rekonstruiert anhand von Otolithen. Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (A), 26, 1 - 211. [English translation 1984 in New Zealand Geological Survey Report, 113, 1 - 269.]" type="journal article" year="1980">Schwarzhans 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="E8234B2DFFAEFFFAD7CCFB6EE389DEA6" author="Schwarzhans, W." box="[159,212,1162,1185]" pageId="10" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref17787" refString="Schwarzhans, W. 1985. Terti ¨ are Otolithen aus South Australia und Vict (Australien). Palaeo Ichthyologica, 3, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
). In
<collectingCountry id="F4A5764CFFAEFFFAD65CFB6EE2F8DEA6" box="[271,421,1162,1185]" name="New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="156">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
,
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFAEFFFAD6E0FB6EE16BDEA6" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1873" box="[435,566,1162,1185]" family="Merlucciidae" genus="Macruronus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFAEFFFAD6E0FB6EE16BDEA6" box="[435,566,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="156">Macruronus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is first recorded in the late Oligocene, after the establishment of the circum-Antarctic deep water current (
<bibRefCitation id="E8234B2DFFAEFFFAD6B3FB2EE1F6DEE6" author="Schwarzhans, W." box="[480,683,1226,1249]" pageId="10" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 269" refId="ref17706" refString="Schwarzhans, W. 1980. Die terti ¨ are Teleosteer-Fauna Neuseelands, rekonstruiert anhand von Otolithen. Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (A), 26, 1 - 211. [English translation 1984 in New Zealand Geological Survey Report, 113, 1 - 269.]" type="journal article" year="1980">Schwarzhans 1980</bibRefCitation>
). During the Eocene, the
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFAEFFFAD637FB0EE2ACDF06" authorityName="Rafinesque" authorityYear="1815" box="[356,497,1258,1281]" family="Merlucciidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Merlucciidae</taxonomicName>
was represented by the extinct otolith-based genus
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFAEFFFAD6B9FAEEE389DF46" authority="Schwarzhans, 1980" authorityName="Schwarzhans" authorityYear="1980" family="Merlucciidae" genus="Macrurulus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="156" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFAEFFFAD6B9FAEEE135DF26" box="[490,616,1290,1313]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="156">Macrurulus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E8234B2DFFAEFFFAD529FAEEE389DF46" author="Schwarzhans, W." pageId="10" pageNumber="156" pagination="1 - 269" refId="ref17706" refString="Schwarzhans, W. 1980. Die terti ¨ are Teleosteer-Fauna Neuseelands, rekonstruiert anhand von Otolithen. Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (A), 26, 1 - 211. [English translation 1984 in New Zealand Geological Survey Report, 113, 1 - 269.]" type="journal article" year="1980">
Schwarzhans,
<quantity id="4B4A9B39FFAEFFFAD7CCFACEE3ADDF46" box="[159,240,1322,1345]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0291999999999994" pageId="10" pageNumber="156" unit="in" value="1980.0">1980 in</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
<collectingCountry id="F4A5764CFFAEFFFAD7A5FACEE2D5DF46" box="[246,392,1322,1345]" name="New Zealand" pageId="10" pageNumber="156">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>