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<mods:title id="31799FFB3DEB7F71074A30BAF3566692">Before the freeze: otoliths from the Eocene of Seymour Island, Antarctica, reveal dominance of gadiform fishes (Teleostei)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="A3FDD34C85028AF892BD3EDA6581E3AF">Schwarzhans, Werner</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7F28367121F5E6F77A17D303954A1D59">Mors, Thomas</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="35A4AD88EF087CEC688AC9F7F20BBE0A">Swedish Museum of Natural History, Department of Palaeobiology, P. O. Box 5007, SE- 10405 Stockholm, Sweden;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7BC36555D191CB95B563605B3242C8C1">Engelbrecht, Andrea</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="82F9CEFBB1A5ADC4D4916AC94F01BCE5">University of Vienna, Department of Palaeontology, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria;</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="907ED6CB1D0323CE471B8E6BDBF26AFD">Reguero, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5C40FF551CE101DC6C5FD5747FB641F3">Museo de La Plata, Division ́ Paleontolog ́ ıa de Vertebrados, Paseo del Bosque s / n, B 1900 FWA La Plata, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E6A3D3ABB1D9828ADD699E6D8BE24DF6">Kriwet, Jurgen</mods:namePart>
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<heading id="D74581B0FFACFFF8D78DFC5BE193D9D1" box="[222,718,959,982]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" reason="8">
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFACFFF8D78DFC5BE193D9D1" authority="Schwarzhans, 1980" authorityName="Schwarzhans" authorityYear="1980" box="[222,718,959,982]" family="Moridae" genus="Tripterophycis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immutatus">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D78DFC5BE2A4D9D1" bold="true" box="[222,505,959,982]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Tripterophycis immutatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E8234B2DFFACFFF8D553FC5BE193D9D1" author="Schwarzhans, W." box="[512,718,959,982]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 269" refId="ref17706" refString="Schwarzhans, W. 1980. Die terti ¨ are Teleosteer-Fauna Neuseelands, rekonstruiert anhand von Otolithen. Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (A), 26, 1 - 211. [English translation 1984 in New Zealand Geological Survey Report, 113, 1 - 269.]" type="journal article" year="1980">Schwarzhans, 1980</bibRefCitation>
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<subSubSection id="C4A86557FFACFFF8D6C6FC3BE14AD9F1" box="[405,535,991,1014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" type="description">
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D6C6FC3BE14AD9F1" blockId="8.[222,718,863,1014]" box="[405,535,991,1014]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
(
<figureCitation id="14892A59FFACFFF8D6CDFC3BE153D9F1" box="[414,526,991,1014]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="9.[159,227,1703,1724]" captionTargetBox="[175,1452,183,1671]" captionTargetId="figure-1@9.[175,1452,183,1671]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 4. Drawings of Eocene otoliths from Seymour Island. A, B, Tripterophycis immutatus Schwarzhans, 1980, NRM-PZ P.15969, mirror imaged; A, inner face; B, dorsal view. C—F, Macruronus eastmani sp. nov.; C—E, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15970, mirror imaged; C, inner face; D, outer face; E, ventral view; F, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15971, inner face. G—M, Palimphemus seymourensis sp. nov.; G—I, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15973, mirror imaged; G, inner face; H, ventral view; I, outer face; J, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15975, mirror imaged, inner face; K—M, paratypes, NRM-PZ P.15974; K, inner face, mirror imaged; L, ventral view; M, inner face. N—R, Coelorinchus nordenskjoeldi sp. nov.; N—P, holotype, NRM-PZ P.15978; N, inner face; O, ventral view; P, outer face; Q, R, paratype, NRM-PZ P.15979, mirror imaged; Q, inner face; R, ventral view. S—U, Coelorinchus balushkini sp. nov., holotype, NRM-PZ P.15976; S, inner face; T, ventral view; U, outer face. V, W, Coelorinchus sp., NRM-PZ P.15911; V, inner face (strongly eroded); W, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10883110" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10883110/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Fig. 4A, B</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D7CCFBC4E050DE50" blockId="8.[159,781,1056,1143]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
1980
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFACFFF8D788FBC4E1D8DE30" authority="Schwarzhans" authorityName="Schwarzhans" authorityYear="1980" box="[219,645,1056,1079]" family="Moridae" genus="Tripterophycis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immutatus">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D788FBC4E2B0DE30" box="[219,493,1056,1079]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Tripterophycis immutatus</emphasis>
Schwarzhans
</taxonomicName>
: fig. 214. 1985
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFACFFF8D7BDFBA4E055DE50" authority="Schwarzhans 1980" authorityName="Schwarzhans" authorityYear="1980" box="[238,776,1088,1111]" family="Moridae" genus="Tripterophycis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="immutatus">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D7BDFBA4E14FDE50" box="[238,530,1088,1111]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Tripterophycis immutatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E8234B2DFFACFFF8D578FBA4E055DE50" author="Schwarzhans, W." box="[555,776,1088,1111]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 269" refId="ref17706" refString="Schwarzhans, W. 1980. Die terti ¨ are Teleosteer-Fauna Neuseelands, rekonstruiert anhand von Otolithen. Berliner geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen (A), 26, 1 - 211. [English translation 1984 in New Zealand Geological Survey Report, 113, 1 - 269.]" type="journal article" year="1980">Schwarzhans 1980</bibRefCitation>
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;
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D7E9FB84E2A4DE70" blockId="8.[159,781,1056,1143]" box="[186,505,1120,1143]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Schwarzhans: 22, figs 33—35.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D7CCFB77E2FEDEEE" blockId="8.[159,781,1171,1257]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D7CCFB77E257DEAD" bold="true" box="[159,266,1171,1194]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Material.</emphasis>
One large, posteriorly eroded specimen, NRM-PZ P.15969, Site IAA 2/95, La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island,
<collectingCountry id="F4A5764CFFACFFF8D67FFB36E2C2DEEE" box="[300,415,1234,1257]" name="Antarctica" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C4A86557FFACFFF8D7CCFAE2E1EFDC3B" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" type="description">
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D7CCFAE2E1EFDC3B" blockId="8.[159,781,1286,1596]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D7CCFAE2E277DF1A" bold="true" box="[159,298,1286,1309]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Description.</emphasis>
A single, rather large otolith of about
<quantity id="4B4A9B39FFACFFF8D7CCFAC2E3ACDF3A" box="[159,241,1318,1341]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" unit="mm" value="6.7">6.7 mm</quantity>
in length. The specimen displays features characteristic for morid otoliths such as the thick appearance where otolith height and thickness is very similar, the flat inner face with the very peculiar sulcus with its flat, oval ostial colliculum and the ridge-like, sharp caudal colliculum sitting in a very depressed, deep cauda. The rear part of the thin, ridge-like caudal colliculum and the posterior tip of the otolith have been broken off in this particular specimen, as is often the case with morid otoliths.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C4A86557FFACFFF8D7CCF9BCE661DBD4" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D7CCF9BCE26ADD49" blockId="8.[159,782,1624,1934]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D7CCF9BCE253DC68" bold="true" box="[159,270,1624,1647]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Remarks.</emphasis>
The single otolith is about twice the size of the otoliths hitherto recorded from South Australia and
<collectingCountry id="F4A5764CFFACFFF8D588F99CE3A8DCA8" name="New Zealand" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">New Zealand</collectingCountry>
and differs somewhat in being less elongate (OL: OH = 2.7 vs. 3.1—3.3), although this may be exaggerated by the lack of the rear tip of the otolith. We consider this difference as well as few minor variations in the thickness of the dorsal and ventral rims as an expression of ontogenetic changes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C0D36DCFFACFFF8D7E9F8B3E661DBD4" blockId="8.[159,782,1624,1934]" lastBlockId="8.[845,1467,189,467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">
The genus
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<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D660F8B3E28DDD69" box="[307,464,1879,1902]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Tripterophycis</emphasis>
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now lives on the continental slope, like most morids, of the Southern Ocean. Its otoliths resemble the much more species-rich tropical to temperate genus
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFACFFF8D371FF39E7CBDAF3" authorityName="Kaup" authorityYear="1858" box="[1058,1174,221,244]" family="Moridae" genus="Physiculus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D371FF39E7CBDAF3" box="[1058,1174,221,244]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">Physiculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
distributed through all oceans, differing primarily by the lack of a predorsal lobe and a bulge of the posterodorsal rim situated well behind the posterior tip of the crista superior. The Eocene
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<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D2F6FED9E0E1DB73" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">T. immutatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
likewise appears to have been a species with a circum-Southern Ocean distribution. A second, more elongate species is known from the Eocene of
<collectingRegion id="4E76F83EFFACFFF8D211FE79E0D9DBD4" country="Australia" name="South Australia" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">South Australia</collectingRegion>
<taxonomicName id="4BB24D5FFFACFFF8D4F6FE58E669DBD4" authority="Schwarzhans, 1985" authorityName="Schwarzhans" authorityYear="1985" box="[933,1332,444,467]" family="Moridae" genus="Tripterophycis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gadiformes" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatissimus">
<emphasis id="BEC6EACEFFACFFF8D4F6FE58E702DBD4" box="[933,1119,444,467]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="154">T. elongatissimus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="E8234B2DFFACFFF8D335FE58E669DBD4" author="Schwarzhans, W." box="[1126,1332,444,467]" pageId="8" pageNumber="154" pagination="1 - 60" refId="ref17787" refString="Schwarzhans, W. 1985. Terti ¨ are Otolithen aus South Australia und Vict (Australien). Palaeo Ichthyologica, 3, 1 - 60." type="journal article" year="1985">Schwarzhans, 1985</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
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</treatment>
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