831 lines
149 KiB
XML
831 lines
149 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.584.1.2" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624033" checkinTime="1675932506880" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Haynes, Jody L. & Schutzman, Bart" docDate="2023" docId="CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.584.1.2.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 584 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.1.2" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.5:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Zamia sandovalii C. Nelson 2007" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="3713FFDF5C3BFFC6C872946E6A7A1939" masterDocTitle="Emended description of Zamia sandovalii (Cycadales: Zamiaceae), the cliff-dwelling cycad from Atlántida, Honduras" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="18" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1676048384835" updateUser="tatiana" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Emended description of Zamia sandovalii (Cycadales: Zamiaceae), the cliff-dwelling cycad from Atlántida, Honduras</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Haynes, Jody L.</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0003-3273-444X</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, 10901 Old Cutler Rd., Coral Gables, Florida, 33156, U. S. A. & jody @ cycadconservation. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3273 - 444 X</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">jody@cycadconservation.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Schutzman, Bart</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-7341-4843</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation>Environmental Horticulture Department, University of Florida, 1531 Fifield Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611, U. S. A. & bart @ ufl. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7341 - 4843</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">bart@ufl.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>Phytotaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number>2023-02-09</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>584</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail type="issue">
|
||
<mods:number>1</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>18</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>32</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.584.1.2</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/phytotaxa.584.1.2</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1179-3163</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7624033</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
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||
<subSubSection box="[136,896,616,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[136,896,616,643]" box="[136,896,616,643]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<heading box="[136,896,616,643]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" reason="3">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="C. Nelson" authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[136,450,616,643]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,336,616,643]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
C.Nelson
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[462,529,616,642]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Ceiba</emphasis>
|
||
46(1): 41–42, figs. 1–10. (2007)
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection box="[136,1369,656,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[136,1369,656,678]" box="[136,1369,656,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,194,656,677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Type:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[219,1365,656,678]" collectingDate="2006-01-24" collectionCode="G, TEFH" country="Honduras" elevation="200" location="Tropical" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida">
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[219,355,656,677]" name="Honduras" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">HONDURAS</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[362,455,656,678]" country="Honduras" name="Atlantida" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Atlántida</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC:465C606A5C3AFFC7C9A296FE685A1B9F" box="[464,544,656,678]" country="Honduras" name="Tropical" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" stateProvince="Atlantida">Tropical</location>
|
||
humid forest,
|
||
<quantity box="[684,747,656,677]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="200.0">
|
||
<elevation box="[684,747,656,677]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="200.0">200 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date box="[757,918,656,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" value="2006-01-24">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[757,918,656,678]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" value="2006-01-24">24 January 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[928,1158,656,677]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[928,948,656,677]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">G</collectionCode>
|
||
. Sandoval’ et al. 1154
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1172,1239,656,677]" country="Honduras" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15177" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15177" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="Herbarium">TEFH</collectionCode>
|
||
!, five sheets)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="1.[136,1452,724,2083]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,329]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,284,724,750]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<emphasis box="[312,376,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Habit</emphasis>
|
||
cremnophyte (typical) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[648,784,724,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1A, 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis box="[807,861,724,750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Stem</emphasis>
|
||
obovoid to napiform (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1116,1251,724,751]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1C, 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity box="[1275,1387,724,751]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="20.0" valueMax="25.0" valueMin="15.0">15–25 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[136,249,760,787]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.35" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="13.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="12.0">12–15 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., acaulescent to decumbent, may be completely subterranean, solitary, lacking persistent leaf bases (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[144,285,796,823]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1C, 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
); taproot to 1+ m long,
|
||
<quantity box="[575,662,796,823]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam. At base, distally attenuate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1063,1153,796,822]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
|
||
); coralloid roots in large, amorphous masses often extending above soil surface (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[781,868,832,859]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
); apex covered in cataphylls (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1225,1312,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
), remainder of stem bearing closely-spaced circumferential striations resembling growth rings (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1109,1200,868,895]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis box="[1230,1345,868,894]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">cataphylls</emphasis>
|
||
elongate triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, rugulose to rugose, papyraceous,
|
||
<quantity box="[947,1030,904,931]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[1099,1203,904,931]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.75" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="5.75" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="5.0">5–6.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide at base, medium to dark brown, base appressed, tip acuminate and erect to slightly reflexed (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[970,1053,940,966]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis box="[1073,1151,941,966]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Leaves</emphasis>
|
||
1–3 per crown (in habitat),
|
||
<quantity box="[136,250,976,1003]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="m" value="1.85" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.2 m</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[323,435,976,1003]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.25" metricValueMax="7.5" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="62.5" valueMax="75.0" valueMin="50.0">50–75 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide, pendulous (when growing on a steep gradient [typical]) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1158,1245,976,1002]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
) to arcuate (when growing on level ground [atypical]) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[557,706,1012,1038]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Figs. 2B, 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
); vernation straight with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded (when viewed adaxially) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[434,523,1048,1075]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis box="[549,651,1048,1074]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">leaf base</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[660,766,1048,1075]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="3.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5 cm</quantity>
|
||
thick, distinctly swollen, bulbous, glabrous, medium green, often with a brown to reddish-brown collar (similar to that of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Lehm. [1834: 14]" authorityName="Lehm." authorityPageNumber="14" authorityYear="1834" box="[834,1322,1084,1110]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Encephalartos" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lehmannii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[834,1116,1084,1110]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Encephalartos lehmannii</emphasis>
|
||
Lehm. [1834: 14]
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1347,1434,1084,1111]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis box="[136,212,1120,1146]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">petiole</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[220,345,1120,1147]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.15" metricValueMax="10.1" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="71.5" valueMax="101.0" valueMin="42.0">42–101 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[417,522,1120,1147]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="1.4" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., terete to slightly flattened adaxially, lightly armed with small prickles (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1C, 1D, 1E</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[282,316,1156,1183]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
); emerging silvery pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[669,759,1156,1182]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
), quickly becoming glabrous; mean petiole:rachis ratio 1:10;
|
||
<emphasis box="[136,206,1192,1218]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">rachis</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[212,335,1192,1219]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.9" metricValueMax="10.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="69.0" valueMax="105.0" valueMin="33.0">33–105 cm</quantity>
|
||
long, terete, unarmed, extending beyond the leaflets into a protracted tip to
|
||
<quantity box="[1169,1223,1192,1219]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
|
||
long; bearing 14–35 evenly-spaced leaflet pairs; emerging silvery pubescent (occasionally golden apically), quickly becoming glabrous (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[144,231,1264,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3D</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis box="[255,336,1264,1290]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">leaflets</emphasis>
|
||
lanceolate, falcate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[560,647,1264,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
),
|
||
<quantity box="[670,781,1264,1291]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.15" metricValueMax="3.8" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="31.5" valueMax="38.0" valueMin="25.0">25–38 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[852,935,1264,1291]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide (median), mean length:width ratio 8:13; coriaceous, medium green, apex acute to acuminate (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[731,817,1300,1326]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
|
||
); margins slightly revolute, finely serrulate in distal half to two-thirds; insertion opposite to subopposite, apically oblique, mean pinna-rachis angle (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Grobbelaar, N." box="[1189,1391,1336,1362]" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" refId="ref7060" refString="Grobbelaar, N. (2002) Cycads, with Special Reference to the Southern African Species. Published by the author, Pretoria, South Africa." type="book" year="2002">Grobbelaar, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) 40º, articulation attenuate, green (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[471,557,1372,1399]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
|
||
); basally keeled and non-overlapping to succubously imbricate, medially and apically flat to declinate, non-overlapping to succubously imbricate; emerging finely silvery to golden pubescent, quickly becoming glabrous (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[468,558,1444,1471]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis box="[586,668,1444,1470]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">eophyll</emphasis>
|
||
typically with two pairs of falcate leaflets
|
||
<quantity box="[1178,1265,1444,1471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[1343,1451,1444,1471]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide maturity (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[310,396,1480,1506]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetId="figure-38@3.[151,1436,190,1099]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis box="[417,723,1480,1506]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Microsporangiate strobilus</emphasis>
|
||
cylindrical to long conical,
|
||
<quantity box="[1041,1174,1480,1507]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.425" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="1.75" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="24.25" valueMax="31.0" valueMin="17.5">17.5–31 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[1247,1373,1480,1507]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="4.2" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="3.75" valueMax="4.2" valueMin="3.3">3.3–4.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., occurring singly or in groups of 4 or more, medium brown, tan to reddish-brown pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1189,1276,1516,1542]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); apex acute to acuminate, occasionally bearing an apiculum measuring
|
||
<quantity box="[787,883,1552,1579]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
high (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[960,1049,1552,1578]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); erect to leaning at maturity (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis box="[195,296,1588,1614]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">peduncle</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[303,407,1588,1615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.15" metricValueMax="6.3" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="6.15" valueMax="6.3" valueMin="6.0">6–6.3 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[479,604,1588,1615]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.55" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="1.55" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.6 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., medium brown, tan to reddish-brown pubescent, straight to sigmoid (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[144,232,1624,1650]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis box="[258,452,1624,1650]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">microsporophylls</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[461,584,1624,1651]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.3" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="12.5" valueMax="13.0" valueMin="12.0">12–13 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[657,752,1624,1651]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="6.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="6.0">6–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity box="[830,925,1624,1651]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="4.0">4–5 mm</quantity>
|
||
high, spirally arranged in 18–22 columns and 25–35 rows, oriented perpendicular to cone axis when immature, ascending at dehiscence (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1211,1303,1660,1686]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
); unexposed adaxial surface concave, tan to olive green, uniformly dotted with lighter colored spots (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1132,1221,1696,1722]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
); unexposed abaxial surface convex with elevated longitudinal ridge measuring
|
||
<quantity box="[816,912,1732,1759]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide and extending along entire length, tan to olive green, uniformly dotted with lighter colored spots (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[783,873,1768,1794]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-38@5.[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. New female cone emerging in November on a plant of Zamia sandovalii in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras (photo by Simon Lavaud)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624045/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 4C</figureCitation>
|
||
); bullae protruding
|
||
<quantity box="[1098,1194,1768,1795]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1–2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, trapezoidal in profile, oblong hexagonal in outline, central facet well-defined, oblong hexagonal, concave (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1091,1178,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis box="[1203,1381,1805,1830]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">microsporangia</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="mm" value="1.25" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="1.0">1–1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diam., 14–20 per sporophyll, restricted to unexposed abaxial surface, sparsely distributed in clusters of 2–3 along either side of raised longitudinal ridge, bivalvate at dehiscence, internally striated (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1143,1233,1876,1902]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Megasporangiate strobilus</emphasis>
|
||
cylindrical,
|
||
<quantity box="[372,482,1912,1939]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="15.0" valueMax="18.0" valueMin="12.0">12–18 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[550,653,1912,1939]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.75" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="6.75" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="4.5">4.5–9 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., often partially obscured by surrounding cataphylls, causing cone to appear sessile (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[339,473,1948,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
); typically solitary (although a younger cone may occasionally emerge while an older cone is nearing maturity) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[442,579,1984,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
); dull tan to medium green, tan to reddish-brown pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1293,1392,1984,2011]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Figs. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
); apex blunt to acuminate, occasionally bearing an apiculum to
|
||
<quantity box="[892,1018,2020,2047]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="2.2" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.9">1.9–2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
high (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1091,1224,2020,2047]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
); erect to leaning at maturity (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[247,371,2056,2083]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Figs. 1C,D</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[386,466,2056,2083]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis box="[491,592,2056,2082]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">peduncle</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[600,705,2056,2083]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.75" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="3.75" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="2.5">2.5–5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[777,903,2056,2083]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="19" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.5">1.5–2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., tan to reddish-brown pubescent (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="1" pageNumber="19">Fig. 1C, 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis box="[193,383,158,184]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">megasporophylls</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity box="[389,513,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="2.85" valueMax="3.2" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.2 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[581,663,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="3.0" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="2.0">2–4 cm</quantity>
|
||
wide,
|
||
<quantity box="[735,859,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.15" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="2.15" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
tall, spirally arranged in 7–12 columns and 8–9 rows, oriented perpendicular to cone axis (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[543,674,194,221]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
); bullae protruding
|
||
<quantity box="[898,976,194,221]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
, compressed trapezoidal in profile, oblong hexagonal in outline, central facet often weakly defined, oblong hexagonal to irregular hexagonal, flat to concave (
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3D, 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
);
|
||
<emphasis box="[238,299,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">seeds</emphasis>
|
||
ovoid to 3-sided,
|
||
<quantity box="[500,603,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2–2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity box="[673,798,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="cm" value="1.5" valueMax="1.7" valueMin="1.3">1.3–1.7 cm</quantity>
|
||
diam., 100–200 per cone, tan, smooth (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1239,1324,266,292]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
); immature sarcotesta white, maturing to reddish-orange (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[650,735,302,328]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-215@4.[151,1436,533,1364]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Reproductive characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3F</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" startId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" targetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1452,1287,1525]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,261,1287,1309]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat and vegetative characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[672,842,1287,1309]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[672,842,1287,1309]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1452,1571,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[189,847,1571,1598]" collectingDate="1962-08-15" collectionCode="M" country="Honduras" location="Atlantida" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,319,1572,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<typeStatus box="[189,313,1572,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[348,506,1572,1598]" name="Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">HONDURAS</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[514,623,1571,1597]" country="Honduras" name="Atlantida" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Atlántida</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
<date box="[632,810,1571,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" value="1962-08-15">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[632,810,1571,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" value="1962-08-15">15 August 1962</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[820,847,1572,1597]" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[820,847,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">M</emphasis>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis box="[847,851,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[856,1111,1571,1598]" collectionCode="CAVA" country="Honduras" location="Kimnach" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[856,1005,1571,1598]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC:465C606A5C39FFC4CB2A924D69C71F04" box="[856,957,1571,1597]" country="Honduras" name="Kimnach" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Atlantida">Kimnach</location>
|
||
431
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1018,1093,1572,1598]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15047" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15047" name="University of California at Berkeley" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">CAVA</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[1125,1297,1571,1598]" collectingDate="2003-07-28" collectionCode="J" country="Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<date box="[1125,1271,1571,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" value="2003-07-28">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[1125,1271,1571,1598]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" value="2003-07-28">28 July 2003</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[1281,1297,1572,1597]" country="South Africa" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14647" name="University of the Witwatersrand" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1281,1297,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">J</emphasis>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis box="[1297,1301,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation collectionCode="TEFH" country="Honduras" location="Haynes" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC:465C606A5C39FFC4CD68924A6F141F04" box="[1306,1390,1572,1597]" country="Honduras" name="Haynes" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Atlantida">Haynes</location>
|
||
et al. JLH03-037, JLH03-038
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[421,501,1608,1634]" country="Honduras" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15177" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15177" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">TEFH</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[525,747,1607,1634]" collectingDate="2006-01-24" collectionCode="G" country="Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<date box="[525,713,1607,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" value="2006-01-24">
|
||
<collectingDate box="[525,713,1607,1634]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" value="2006-01-24">24 January 2006</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode box="[724,747,1608,1634]" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">
|
||
<emphasis box="[724,747,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">G</emphasis>
|
||
</collectionCode>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<emphasis box="[747,751,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation box="[758,1033,1607,1634]" collectionCode="TEFH" country="Honduras" location="Sandoval" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Atlantida" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis box="[758,926,1607,1633]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC:465C606A5C39FFC4CA84922969241F58" box="[758,862,1607,1633]" country="Honduras" name="Sandoval" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" stateProvince="Atlantida">Sandoval</location>
|
||
et al.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode box="[942,1022,1608,1634]" country="Honduras" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15177" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15177" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="Herbarium">TEFH</collectionCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1452,1571,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,345,1643,1669]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Distribution:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[373,570,1643,1669]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[373,570,1643,1669]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to a single river basin on the Caribbean versant of the Cordillera Nombre de Dios, Department of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[504,611,1679,1705]" country="Honduras" name="Atlantida" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Atlántida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[623,735,1679,1705]" name="Honduras" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
, within the general area referred to locally as the ‘North Coast’. Plants exhibit an aggregated distribution, typically growing on cliffs, steep hillsides, and road cuts at
|
||
<quantity box="[1285,1447,1715,1742]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" unit="m" value="250.0" valueMax="400.0" valueMin="100.0">100–400 masl</quantity>
|
||
, and seeming to prefer slopes of 60–70º (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." box="[587,841,1752,1778]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sandoval, G." box="[852,1024,1751,1777]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" refId="ref7598" refString="Sandoval, G. (2006) Manejo Integrado de Recursos Ambientales: Resultado 2 Areas Protegidas Manejadas: Requerimiento 2.2 Recursos Naturales Identificadas, Caracterizadas y Disponibles: Estudio Ecologico de Zamiaceae. USAID Honduras. Unpublished." type="book" year="2006">Sandoval 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1034,1179,1751,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Figs. 1A, 1B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="2.[136,1452,1571,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,291,1787,1813]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
—Typical habitat is wet tropical forest dominated by large trees, including
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1151,1356,1787,1813]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Bursera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="simaruba">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1151,1356,1787,1813]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Bursera simaruba</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(gumbo limbo) and
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[270,461,1823,1849]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pentandra">
|
||
<emphasis box="[270,461,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Ceiba pentandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(kapok), and palms such as
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[793,915,1823,1850]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Attalea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[793,874,1823,1849]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Attalea</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(American oil palm). Other associated species include smaller palms (
|
||
<emphasis box="[406,446,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[463,745,1860,1886]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Astrocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mexicanum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[463,745,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Astrocaryum mexicanum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[761,885,1860,1886]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Bactris" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[761,842,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Bactris</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[900,1200,1859,1885]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Chamaedorea" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="costaricana">
|
||
<emphasis box="[900,1200,1859,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Chamaedorea costaricana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), woody shrubs (
|
||
<emphasis box="[1404,1444,1860,1885]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[136,245,1896,1922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Piperaceae" genus="Piper" kingdom="Plantae" order="Piperales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[136,198,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Piper</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[264,542,1895,1921]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rutaceae" genus="Zanthoxylum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="foliolosum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[264,542,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Zanthoxylum foliolosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), aroids (
|
||
<emphasis box="[663,703,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[724,879,1896,1922]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Monstera" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[724,831,1896,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Monstera</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[897,1112,1895,1922]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Philodendron" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[897,1050,1895,1921]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Philodendron</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1130,1317,1896,1922]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Syngonium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1130,1254,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Syngonium</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Haemodoraceae" genus="Xiphidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Commelinales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caeruleum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Xiphidium caeruleum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), gingers (
|
||
<emphasis box="[383,416,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[441,577,1932,1958]" class="Liliopsida" family="Costaceae" genus="Costus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[441,517,1932,1958]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Costus</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), cacti (
|
||
<emphasis box="[673,713,1932,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[731,983,1931,1957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Disocactus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramulosus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[731,983,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Disocactus ramulosus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1000,1269,1931,1957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Epiphyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oxypetalum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1000,1269,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Epiphyllum oxypetalum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Epiphyllum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="phyllanthus" variety="hookeri">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1286,1452,1931,1957]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">E. phyllanthus</emphasis>
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis box="[189,275,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">hookeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[293,568,1967,1993]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Hylocereus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutiflorus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[293,568,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Hylocereus minutiflorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[586,808,1967,1993]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Cactaceae" genus="Rhipsalis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="baccifera">
|
||
<emphasis box="[586,808,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Rhipsalis baccifera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and ferns (
|
||
<emphasis box="[964,998,1968,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">e.g</emphasis>
|
||
.,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1023,1180,1967,1994]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Lygodiaceae" genus="Lygodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Schizaeales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1023,1134,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Lygodium</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1196,1444,1967,1993]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Polypodiaceae" genus="Niphidium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crassifolia">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1196,1444,1967,1993]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Niphidium crassifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[136,430,2003,2029]" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Polypodium" kingdom="Plantae" order="Alismatales" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhodopleuron">
|
||
<emphasis box="[136,430,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="20">Polypodium rhodopleuron</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." box="[455,709,2004,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sandoval, G." box="[720,890,2003,2029]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" refId="ref7598" refString="Sandoval, G. (2006) Manejo Integrado de Recursos Ambientales: Resultado 2 Areas Protegidas Manejadas: Requerimiento 2.2 Recursos Naturales Identificadas, Caracterizadas y Disponibles: Estudio Ecologico de Zamiaceae. USAID Honduras. Unpublished." type="book" year="2006">Sandoval 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Kimnach, M." box="[901,1072,2003,2030]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" pagination="134 - 139" refId="ref7316" refString="Kimnach, M. (2008) Some succulent memories, part 5: Lost and found in Honduras. Cactus and Succulent Journal 80: 134 - 139. https: // doi. org / 10.2985 / 0007 - 9367 (2008) 80 [134: SSM] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2008">Kimnach 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624037" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624037" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624037/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" startId="3.[136,234,1123,1145]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1099]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1452,1123,1434]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,258,1123,1145]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Vegetative characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[535,702,1124,1145]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[535,702,1124,1145]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) typical pendulous leaf with non-imbricate, falcate leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (B) plant from Figs. 1B, 1C, 1D and 1E now in cultivation at the Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras (with former garden director Ciro Navarro), illustrating the now arcuate leaf habit when growing on level ground (photo by Mark Bonta); (C) plant in habitat near La
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[287,345,1232,1254]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceiba</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Honduras, illustrating the atypical situation of a plant growing on level ground and bearing an arcuate leaf (photo by Mark Bonta); (D) emergent leaves illustrating straight vernation with rudimentary leaflets incubously shielded, silvery to golden pubescence, and rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) closeup of leaf illustrating unarmed rachis; evenly-spaced, non-overlapping leaflet pairs; opposite to subopposite leaflet insertion; green, attenuate leaflet articulation; medially and apically flat leaflet orientation; and short, protracted rachis tip extending beyond the leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) eophyll with two pairs (typical) of leaflets (photo by Mark Bonta).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1452,1480,2082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,412,1480,1506]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Geology and soils:</emphasis>
|
||
—The soils of the North Coast region of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[894,1003,1480,1506]" name="Honduras" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
are typically weathered from intrusive granite (Kozuch 1991). Samples collected in 2003 from the
|
||
<typeStatus box="[843,891,1516,1542]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality revealed the following details about its composition: pH = 7.2 (neutral); % organic matter = 7.5 (above average); % total nitrogen = 0.37 (average); available nutrients = 22.1 ppm phosphorus (above average), 104 ppm potassium (average), 2,370 ppm calcium (above average), and 440 ppm magnesium (above average) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." box="[620,876,1624,1650]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1452,1480,2082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,294,1660,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Climate:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<materialsCitation country="Honduras" latitude="1.8" location="The North Coast" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-2.8" municipality="North Coast" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CB2A87A75C3AFFC1C8FA96066E3F1BCC:465C606A5C38FFC5C930921268731FAF" box="[322,521,1660,1686]" country="Honduras" latitude="1.8" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-2.8" municipality="North Coast" name="The North Coast" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingMunicipality box="[378,521,1660,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">North Coast</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
</location>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[570,679,1660,1686]" name="Honduras" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
experiences a tropical climate, with relatively consistent rainfall throughout most of the year (totaling
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[553,615,1696,1722]" degrees="1,800" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" precision="55" value="1.8">1,800</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate box="[615,694,1696,1722]" degrees="2,800" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" precision="55" value="-2.8">–2,800</geoCoordinate>
|
||
+ mm annually), but with a slightly drier period from March to June (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." box="[144,400,1732,1758]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1452,1480,2082]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,448,1768,1794]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Population structure:</emphasis>
|
||
—This species occurs in small sporadic colonies of 12 or more plants (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sandoval, G." box="[209,385,1804,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refId="ref7598" refString="Sandoval, G. (2006) Manejo Integrado de Recursos Ambientales: Resultado 2 Areas Protegidas Manejadas: Requerimiento 2.2 Recursos Naturales Identificadas, Caracterizadas y Disponibles: Estudio Ecologico de Zamiaceae. USAID Honduras. Unpublished." type="book" year="2006">Sandoval 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In a transect survey conducted within a protected area of the river basin,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sandoval, G." box="[1262,1452,1804,1830]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refId="ref7598" refString="Sandoval, G. (2006) Manejo Integrado de Recursos Ambientales: Resultado 2 Areas Protegidas Manejadas: Requerimiento 2.2 Recursos Naturales Identificadas, Caracterizadas y Disponibles: Estudio Ecologico de Zamiaceae. USAID Honduras. Unpublished." type="book" year="2006">Sandoval (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
estimated the total population of this species at around 77,000 plants at a mean density of nearly 100 plants per km². Because this estimate included a large proportion of seedlings (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sandoval, G." box="[858,1033,1876,1902]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" refId="ref7598" refString="Sandoval, G. (2006) Manejo Integrado de Recursos Ambientales: Resultado 2 Areas Protegidas Manejadas: Requerimiento 2.2 Recursos Naturales Identificadas, Caracterizadas y Disponibles: Estudio Ecologico de Zamiaceae. USAID Honduras. Unpublished." type="book" year="2006">Sandoval 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), the actual number of mature plants within the extent of occurrence could be an order of magnitude lower. The presence of cones of both sexes, seedlings, and juvenile plants suggests that the species is actively reproducing.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[136,1452,1480,2082]" lastBlockId="4.[136,1452,158,509]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,365,1984,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Biogeography:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. L. Haynes, Whitelock, Schutzman & R. S. Adams" authorityYear="2008" box="[393,690,1984,2010]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[393,690,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Ceratozamia hondurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Nelson & Sandoval" authorityYear="2008" box="[712,939,1985,2010]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="onan-reyesii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[712,939,1985,2010]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Zamia onan-reyesii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="C. Nelson (2007: 42)" authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityPageNumber="42" authorityYear="2007" box="[961,1352,1984,2010]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oreillyii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[961,1088,1984,2010]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Z. oreillyii</emphasis>
|
||
C.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nelson Sutherland, C. H." box="[1125,1352,1984,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" pagination="41 - 44" refId="ref7372" refString="Nelson Sutherland, C. H. (2007) Dos plantas del genero Zamia (Gimnosperma) nuevas de Honduras. Ceiba 46: 41 - 44." type="journal article" year="2007">Nelson (2007: 42)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Z. sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are all endemic to the North Coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[711,820,2020,2046]" name="Honduras" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nelson Sutherland, C. H." box="[838,1120,2020,2046]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" pagination="41 - 44" refId="ref7372" refString="Nelson Sutherland, C. H. (2007) Dos plantas del genero Zamia (Gimnosperma) nuevas de Honduras. Ceiba 46: 41 - 44." type="journal article" year="2007">Nelson Sutherland 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. L. & Whitelock, L. M. & Schutzman, B. & Adams, R. S." box="[1135,1358,2020,2046]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" pagination="16 - 21" refId="ref7263" refString="Haynes, J. L., Whitelock, L. M., Schutzman, B. & Adams, R. S. (2008) A new endemic Ceratozamia from Honduras (Cycadales: Zamiaceae). Cycad Newsletter 31 (2 / 3): 16 - 21." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Haynes
|
||
<emphasis box="[1229,1289,2020,2046]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nelson Sutherland, C. H. & Sandoval Gonzalez, G. G." pageId="3" pageNumber="21" pagination="135 - 136" refId="ref7401" refString="Nelson Sutherland, C. H. & Sandoval Gonzalez, G. G. (2008) Una especie nueva de Zamia (Zamiaceae) de Honduras. Ceiba 49 (1): 135 - 136. https: // doi. org / 10.5377 / ceiba. v 49 i 1.299" type="journal article" year="2008">Nelson Sutherland & Sandoval 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schutzman" authorityYear="1989" box="[482,661,2056,2082]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="standleyi">
|
||
<emphasis box="[482,661,2056,2082]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Zamia standleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Standl. & L. O. Williams" authorityYear="1950" box="[715,866,2057,2082]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Dioon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mejiae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[715,866,2057,2082]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Dioon mejiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also occur in the region, but this is the northernmost extent of their much more extensive ranges that extend to the south into the departments of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1213,1284,158,184]" country="Honduras" name="Colon" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Colón</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1299,1397,158,184]" country="Honduras" name="Olancho" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Olancho</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[136,191,195,221]" country="Honduras" name="Yoro" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Yoro</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." box="[206,463,194,221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Haynes 2007,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. L. & Bonta, M. A." box="[637,894,194,221]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="418 - 443" refId="ref7183" refString="Haynes, J. L. & Bonta, M. A. (2007) An emended description of Dioon mejiae Standl. & L. O. Williams (Zamiaceae). Proceedings of Cycad 2005, the 7 th International Conference on Cycad Biology. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, January 2005. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 97: 418 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.21135 / 893274900.026" type="journal article" year="2007">Haynes & Bonta 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The likely sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="J. L. Haynes, Whitelock, Schutzman & R. S. Adams" authorityYear="2008" box="[1222,1392,194,221]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hondurensis">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1222,1392,194,221]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">C. hondurensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Vasq. Torres, Sabato & D. W. Stev. (1986: 17)" authorityName="Vasq. Torres, Sabato & D. W. Stev." authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1986" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Ceratozamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="euryphyllidia">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">C. euryphyllidia</emphasis>
|
||
Vasq. Torres, Sabato & D.W.Stev. (1986: 17)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chemnick, J." box="[828,1013,230,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="10 - 13" refId="ref6968" refString="Chemnick, J. (2005) In the field with Ceratozamia euryphyllidia. The Cycad Newsletter 28 (2): 10 - 13." type="journal article" year="2005">Chemnick 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. L. & Whitelock, L. M. & Schutzman, B. & Adams, R. S." box="[1027,1248,230,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="16 - 21" refId="ref7263" refString="Haynes, J. L., Whitelock, L. M., Schutzman, B. & Adams, R. S. (2008) A new endemic Ceratozamia from Honduras (Cycadales: Zamiaceae). Cycad Newsletter 31 (2 / 3): 16 - 21." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Haynes
|
||
<emphasis box="[1120,1179,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which occurs in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[136,220,266,292]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[272,375,267,293]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[385,471,266,292]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calonje, M. & Stevenson, D. W. & Osborne, R." box="[484,702,266,293]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refId="ref6922" refString="Calonje, M., Stevenson, D. W. & Osborne, R. (2022) The World List of Cycads, online edition. Available from: https: // www. cycadlist. org / (accessed 7 August 2022)" type="url" year="2022">
|
||
Calonje
|
||
<emphasis box="[580,628,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); the likely sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Standl. & L. O. Williams" authorityYear="1950" box="[1013,1165,267,292]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Dioon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mejiae">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1013,1165,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Dioon mejiae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1211,1372,266,292]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Dioon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="spinulosum">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1211,1372,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">D. spinulosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1883: 412) and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="De Luca, A. Moretti, Sabato & Vazq. Torres (1980: 225)" authorityName="De Luca, A. Moretti, Sabato & Vazq. Torres" authorityPageNumber="225" authorityYear="1980" box="[241,1023,302,329]" class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Dioon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Cycadales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rzedowskii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[241,395,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">D. rzedowskii</emphasis>
|
||
De Luca, A.Moretti, Sabato & Vázq.Torres (1980: 225)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which occur in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1207,1291,302,328]" country="Mexico" name="Oaxaca" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Oaxaca</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[1345,1448,303,329]" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[136,222,338,364]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. L. & Bonta, M. A." box="[236,491,338,365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="418 - 443" refId="ref7183" refString="Haynes, J. L. & Bonta, M. A. (2007) An emended description of Dioon mejiae Standl. & L. O. Williams (Zamiaceae). Proceedings of Cycad 2005, the 7 th International Conference on Cycad Biology. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, January 2005. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 97: 418 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.21135 / 893274900.026" type="journal article" year="2007">Haynes & Bonta 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calonje, M. & Stevenson, D. W. & Osborne, R." box="[503,721,338,365]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refId="ref6922" refString="Calonje, M., Stevenson, D. W. & Osborne, R. (2022) The World List of Cycads, online edition. Available from: https: // www. cycadlist. org / (accessed 7 August 2022)" type="url" year="2022">
|
||
Calonje
|
||
<emphasis box="[597,646,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); and the likely sister species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[1086,1233,338,364]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1086,1233,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Z. sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Vovides, Schutzman & Dehgan (1988: 351)" authorityName="Vovides, Schutzman & Dehgan" authorityPageNumber="351" authorityYear="1988" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cremnophila">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1281,1452,338,364]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Z. cremnophila</emphasis>
|
||
Vovides,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schutzman, B. & Vovides, A. P. & Dehgan, B." box="[240,628,374,401]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="347 - 360" refId="ref7718" refString="Schutzman, B., Vovides, A. P. & Dehgan, B. (1988) Two new species of Zamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from southern Mexico. Botanical Gazette 149 (3): 347 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1086 / 337725" type="journal article" year="1988">Schutzman & Dehgan (1988: 351)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Schutzman & Vovides (1998: 441)" authorityName="Schutzman & Vovides" authorityPageNumber="441" authorityYear="1998" box="[684,1230,374,400]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lacandona">
|
||
<emphasis box="[684,832,374,400]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Z. lacandona</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Schutzman, B. & Vovides, A. P." box="[840,1230,374,400]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="441 - 446" refId="ref7673" refString="Schutzman, B. & Vovides, A. P. (1998) A new Zamia (Zamiaceae, Cycadales) from eastern Chiapas, Mexico. Novon 8: 441 - 446. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 3391871" type="journal article" year="1998">Schutzman & Vovides (1998: 441)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(see below), which occur in
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[232,322,410,436]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[374,468,410,436]" country="Mexico" name="Tabasco" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Tabasco</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[479,565,410,436]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Calonje, M. & Stevenson, D. W. & Osborne, R." box="[578,791,410,437]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refId="ref6922" refString="Calonje, M., Stevenson, D. W. & Osborne, R. (2022) The World List of Cycads, online edition. Available from: https: // www. cycadlist. org / (accessed 7 August 2022)" type="url" year="2022">
|
||
Calonje
|
||
<emphasis box="[673,721,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2022
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)—thus the biogeographic link between the floristic refuges of southern
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[275,361,446,472]" name="Mexico" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[420,529,446,472]" name="Honduras" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
is herein strengthened to three cycad species groups in three genera (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Chemnick, J." pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="10 - 13" refId="ref6968" refString="Chemnick, J. (2005) In the field with Ceratozamia euryphyllidia. The Cycad Newsletter 28 (2): 10 - 13." type="journal article" year="2005">Chemnick 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. L. & Bonta, M. A." box="[206,459,482,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="418 - 443" refId="ref7183" refString="Haynes, J. L. & Bonta, M. A. (2007) An emended description of Dioon mejiae Standl. & L. O. Williams (Zamiaceae). Proceedings of Cycad 2005, the 7 th International Conference on Cycad Biology. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, January 2005. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 97: 418 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.21135 / 893274900.026" type="journal article" year="2007">Haynes & Bonta 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Perez-Farrera, M. A. & Vovides, A. P. & Martinez-Camilo, R. & Martinez-Melendez, N. & Iglesias, C." box="[470,753,482,509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" pagination="433 - 443" refId="ref7523" refString="Perez-Farrera, M. A., Vovides, A. P., Martinez-Camilo, R., Martinez-Melendez, N. & Iglesias, C. (2009) A reassessment of the Ceratozamia miqueliana species complex (Zamiaceae) of southeastern Mexico, with comments on species relationships. Systematics and Biodiversity 7 (4): 433 - 443. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1477200009990211" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Pérez-Farrera
|
||
<emphasis box="[629,678,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624039" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624039" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624039/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" startId="4.[136,234,1388,1410]" targetBox="[151,1436,533,1364]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,1452,1388,1806]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,261,1388,1410]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Reproductive characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[584,754,1388,1410]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[584,754,1388,1410]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: (A) immature and mature male cones in cultivation, illustrating long cylindrical shape, tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with concave central facets, and relatively short peduncles (photo by Loran Whitelock); (B) adaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating concave shape, tan to olive green base color, and uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern (photo by Loran Whitelock); (C) abaxial view of microsporophyll illustrating convex shape, elevated longitudinal ridge extending entire length, tan to olive green base color, uniform dotted and lighter speckled pattern, and bivalvate dehiscent microsporangia (photo by Loran Whitelock); (D) mature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan to reddish-brown pubescence, acuminate apex, slightly protruding oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and mature sarcotesta color; also shows a newly emerging cone bearing an apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (E) immature female cone in cultivation, illustrating cylindrical shape, nearly sessile disposition, medium brownish-green color with tan pubescence, acuminate apex, oblong hexagonal megasporophyll bullae with weakly defined concave central facet, and short apiculum (photo by Loran Whitelock); (F) spent seeds, illustrating ovoid to 3-sided shape and smooth surface (photo by Loran Whitelock).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[136,1452,1853,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,492,1853,1879]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Reproductive phenology:</emphasis>
|
||
—Large, developing female cones (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[903,1041,1853,1879]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,234,1287,1309]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetId="figure-115@2.[151,1436,350,1259]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitat and vegetative characteristics of Zamia sandovalii: (A) and (B) plant in habitat, illustrating the typical situation growing on a cliff and bearing a single pendulous leaf (first photo by Simon Lavaud; second by Mark Bonta, with expedition member Isidro Zúñiga); (C) plant in second photo shortly after being collected (with Isidro Zúñiga; photo by Mark Bonta); (D) closeup of collected plant illustrating caudex, root, cone, leaf base, and petiole (photo by Mark Bonta); (E) closeup of the same plant growing at Lancetilla Botanical Garden in Tela, Honduras, illustrating acaulescent caudex, armed petioles, and above-ground coralloid roots (photo by Mark Bonta); (F) closeup of caudex of a different plant in cultivation illustrating elongate-triangular to long-acuminate, stipulate, wrinkled, papyraceous, medium to dark brown cataphylls with appressed bases and acuminate, erect to slightly reflexed tips (photo by Loran Whitelock)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624035/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Fig. 1C, 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and remnants of spent male cones were observed in July (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." box="[400,658,1889,1915]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and newly emerging female cones have been observed in November (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[144,215,1925,1951]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[136,234,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-38@5.[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. New female cone emerging in November on a plant of Zamia sandovalii in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras (photo by Simon Lavaud)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624045/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
) (S. Lavaud pers. comm.). Sprouting seeds and young seedlings with new eophylls were also observed in November (S. Lavaud pers. comm.), suggesting female cone dehiscence occurs between August and October.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624045" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624045/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" startId="5.[136,234,1928,1950]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1903]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[136,1452,1928,1986]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,252,1928,1950]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
|
||
. New female cone emerging in November on a plant of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[783,950,1928,1949]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[783,950,1928,1949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in habitat near La
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1126,1184,1928,1950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceiba</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Honduras (photo by Simon Lavaud).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624049" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7624049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624049/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" startId="6.[136,234,1928,1950]" targetBox="[151,1436,190,1903]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[136,1451,1928,1985]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[136,251,1928,1950]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Godart" authorityYear="1824" box="[262,407,1928,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eumaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toxea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[262,407,1928,1949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Eumaeus toxea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
caterpillars feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="C. Nelson" authorityYear="2007" box="[630,796,1928,1949]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[630,796,1928,1949]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
leaflets collected in habitat near La
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[1137,1195,1928,1950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Ceiba" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Ceiba</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Honduras (photo by Mark Bonta).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1452,158,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,354,158,184]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Ethnobotany:</emphasis>
|
||
—As with the other zamias of the North Coast of
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[899,1011,158,184]" name="Honduras" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Honduras</collectingCountry>
|
||
, this one is known locally as ‘camotillo’ (generic term for tuber) or ‘yuca de ratón’ (mouse manioc) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonta, M." box="[806,940,194,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="120 - 142" refId="ref6803" refString="Bonta, M. (2007) Ethnobotany of Honduran cycads. Proceedings of Cycad 2005, the 7 th International Conference on Cycad Biology. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, January 2005. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 97: 120 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.21135 / 893274900.009" type="journal article" year="2007">Bonta 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nelson Sutherland, C. H." box="[951,1226,194,220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="41 - 44" refId="ref7372" refString="Nelson Sutherland, C. H. (2007) Dos plantas del genero Zamia (Gimnosperma) nuevas de Honduras. Ceiba 46: 41 - 44." type="journal article" year="2007">Nelson Sutherland 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Contrary to
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Schutzman" authorityYear="1989" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="standleyi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Zamia standleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—widely known to be traditionally used for poisoning people as well as rodents—there is no evidence of local human uses for
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="(Bonta 2007)" baseAuthorityName="Bonta" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[377,683,266,292]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[377,523,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Z. sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonta, M." box="[538,675,266,292]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" pagination="120 - 142" refId="ref6803" refString="Bonta, M. (2007) Ethnobotany of Honduran cycads. Proceedings of Cycad 2005, the 7 th International Conference on Cycad Biology. Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico, January 2005. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 97: 120 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.21135 / 893274900.009" type="journal article" year="2007">Bonta 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It should be noted that the lack of ethnobotanical knowledge of this species comes from it not having been studied in detail; however, the name ‘camotillo’ suggests that uses may have existed for the plant (M. Bonta pers. comm.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1452,158,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,259,374,400]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Pests:</emphasis>
|
||
—Larvae of a hairstreak butterfly,
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Godart (1824)" authorityName="Godart" authorityYear="1824" box="[642,976,374,400]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" genus="Eumaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="toxea">
|
||
<emphasis box="[642,812,375,400]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Eumaeus toxea</emphasis>
|
||
Godart (1824)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[989,1131,374,400]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Lepidoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[1140,1272,374,400]" class="Insecta" family="Lycaenidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Lycaenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
), were observed feeding on a leaf of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bonta" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[361,556,410,436]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[361,556,410,436]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in habitat (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[683,752,410,437]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[136,234,1928,1950]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetId="figure-25@6.[151,1436,190,1903]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. Eumaeus toxea caterpillars feeding on Zamia sandovalii leaflets collected in habitat near La Ceiba, Honduras (photo by Mark Bonta)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7624049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7624049/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1452,158,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,291,446,472]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Threats:</emphasis>
|
||
—Because plants of this species have a proclivity for growing along road cuts, certain populations may be relatively easy for collectors to find, while also being at risk from road improvement projects. Although the threat of deforestation is high throughout much of its limited range, the species’ saving grace may be its cliff-dwelling habit, as steep slopes tend to be the last areas impacted by migrant agriculture and cattle ranching in the region (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonta, M." box="[280,415,590,617]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refId="ref6761" refString="Bonta, M. (2005) (Ed.) Recomendaciones para la conservacion de Zamiaceae en Honduras. Resultados del tour Cientifico de Cicadales de Honduras 2005. Apoyado por el Montgomery Botanical Center y SERNA-Cambio Climatico. Unpublished." type="book" year="2005">Bonta 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="7.[136,1452,158,758]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,436,625,652]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Conservation status:</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Bonta" baseAuthorityYear="2007" box="[464,659,625,651]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Zamia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sandovalii">
|
||
<emphasis box="[464,659,625,651]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Zamia sandovalii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs within two national parks on the North Coast (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M." pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refId="ref7151" refString="Haynes, J. & Bonta, M. (2003) Montgomery Botanical Center Honduras 2003 Cycad Expedition Final Report. Montgomery Botanical Center, Miami, FL. Unpublished." type="book" year="2003">Haynes & Bonta 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sandoval, G." box="[206,376,660,687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refId="ref7598" refString="Sandoval, G. (2006) Manejo Integrado de Recursos Ambientales: Resultado 2 Areas Protegidas Manejadas: Requerimiento 2.2 Recursos Naturales Identificadas, Caracterizadas y Disponibles: Estudio Ecologico de Zamiaceae. USAID Honduras. Unpublished." type="book" year="2006">Sandoval 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="FAO" box="[386,508,661,687]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refId="ref6994" refString="FAO (2022) Decreto Nº 396 / 05 - Crease el Parque Nacional " Nombre de Dios ", como parte integrante del Sistema Nacional de Areas Protegidas de Honduras (SINAPH). Available from: https: // www. fao. org / faolex / results / details / es / c / LEX-FAOC 069756 / (accessed 15 November 2022)" type="url" year="2022">FAO 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). However, based on its propensity to grow along road cuts, there is a constant threat of illicit collecting. This, combined with its limited range and the possibility of habitat degradation, the current Red List assessment is EN A3cd; B1ab(i–v)+2ab(i–v) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bonta, M. & Nelson Sutherland, C. H." box="[701,1081,731,757]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refId="ref6861" refString="Bonta, M. & Nelson Sutherland, C. H. (2022) Zamia sandovalii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2022: e. T 178860 A 69837176. https: // www. doi. org / 10.2305 / IUCN. UK. 2022 - 1. RLTS. T 178860 A 69837176. en" type="book" year="2022">Bonta & Nelson Sutherland 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |