243 lines
28 KiB
XML
243 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="DBA75D4D0B2599FCBE78D132D9F4D663"><strong> A revision of the genus <em> Thouarella </ em> Gray, 1870 (Octocorallia: Primnoidae), including an illustrated dichotomous key, a new species description, and comments on <em> Plumarella </ em> Gray, 1870 and <em> Dasystenella </ em>, Versluys, 1906 </ strong></mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C17F6EC32390777FD204A4EB3491DA84">CAIRNS, S. D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0F20974233D230F01499AF382CE6794B">AGNEW, D. J.</mods:namePart>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF0AAA55FD850F27" blockId="90.[151,623,295,321]" box="[151,623,295,321]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
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25.
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDFFFB1FF5EAA55FD850F27" ID-CoL="56L4S" authority="Cairns, 2006" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[195,623,295,321]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FF5EAA55FE200F27" bold="true" box="[195,458,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Thouarella grasshoffi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDFFFB1FE4FAA55FD850F27" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[466,623,295,321]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="161 - 194" refId="ref62073" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2006) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 6: The genera Primnoella Gray, 1858; Thouarella Gray, 1870; Dasystenella Versluys, 1906. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 119 (2), 161 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X (2006) 119 [161: SOWAOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Cairns, 2006</bibRefCitation>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF0AAA1DFB180FE2" blockId="90.[151,1266,366,389]" box="[151,1266,366,389]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFDFFFB1FF0AAA1DFD140FE2" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[151,766,366,389]" page="188" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" year="2006">
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<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDFFFB1FF0AAA1DFD140FE2" ID-CoL="56L4S" authority="Cairns, 2006: 184 - 188" authorityName="Cairns" authorityPageNumber="184 - 188" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,766,366,389]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi" subGenus="Euthouarella">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FF0AAA1DFDE40FE3" box="[151,526,367,389]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Thouarella (Euthouarella) grasshoffi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDFFFB1FD89AA1CFD140FE2" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[532,766,366,388]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="161 - 194" refId="ref62073" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2006) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 6: The genera Primnoella Gray, 1858; Thouarella Gray, 1870; Dasystenella Versluys, 1906. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 119 (2), 161 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X (2006) 119 [161: SOWAOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Cairns, 2006: 184–188</bibRefCitation>
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, figs 1a, 12, 13;
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<treatmentCitation id="E73E7F60FFDFFFB1FC38AA1CFB4E0FE2" author="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M." box="[933,1188,366,388]" page="28" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" year="2009">
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDFFFB1FC38AA1CFB4E0FE2" author="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M." box="[933,1188,366,388]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 79" refId="ref62273" refString="Cairns, S. D. & Bayer, F. M. (2009) A generic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the Primnoidae (Cnidaria: Octocorallia). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 629, 1 - 79. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.629" type="journal article" year="2009">Cairns & Bayer 2009: 28</bibRefCitation>
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(listed)
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FF0AAAC3FE950FAF" box="[151,383,433,457]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Material examined:</emphasis>
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, USNM 1078188,
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,
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<collectingMunicipality id="8644C30BFFDFFFB1FC6EAAC3FB170FAF" box="[1011,1277,433,457]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">North Atlantic Ocean</collectingMunicipality>
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, 38˚08.74’N, 61˚05.473’W,
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingDate id="02658659FFDFFFB1FE06AAA7FDDE0F8B" box="[411,564,469,494]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" value="2004-05-16">16 May 2004</collectingDate>
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</date>
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.
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<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF5AAA8AFD560C77" blockId="90.[151,1435,433,529]" box="[199,700,504,529]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FF5AAA8AFE6E0C77" bold="true" box="[199,388,504,529]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Other material:</emphasis>
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all lots from
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDFFFB1FD87AA8BFD520C77" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[538,696,505,529]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="161 - 194" refId="ref62073" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2006) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 6: The genera Primnoella Gray, 1858; Thouarella Gray, 1870; Dasystenella Versluys, 1906. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 119 (2), 161 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X (2006) 119 [161: SOWAOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Cairns (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF0AA930FEF10C3F" blockId="90.[151,1436,578,1609]" box="[151,283,578,601]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FF0AA930FEF10C3F" box="[151,283,578,601]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Description</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF0AA917FD870C1B" blockId="90.[151,1436,578,1609]" box="[151,621,613,637]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
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Description modified from
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<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDFFFB1FE57A917FD830C1B" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[458,617,613,637]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="161 - 194" refId="ref62073" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2006) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 6: The genera Primnoella Gray, 1858; Thouarella Gray, 1870; Dasystenella Versluys, 1906. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 119 (2), 161 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X (2006) 119 [161: SOWAOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Cairns (2006)</bibRefCitation>
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:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF5AA9FBFBEC0D6B" blockId="90.[151,1436,578,1609]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
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The colonies consist of 1–3 main branches from which numerous closely spaced (usually less than
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<quantity id="A167F494FFDFFFB1FA89A9FBFAB90CC7" box="[1300,1363,649,673]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
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||
apart) branchlets originate on all sides of the main branch, in a bottlebrush arrangement. The branchlets are undivided, up to
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDFFFB1FF2EA9A3FF000C8F" box="[179,234,721,745]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
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||
long and flexible in tension. The
|
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<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFDFFFB1FDF9A9A3FD2C0C8F" box="[612,710,721,745]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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is a single main stem
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<quantity id="A167F494FFDFFFB1FC23A9A3FBE90C8F" box="[958,1027,721,745]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="cm" value="35.0">35 cm</quantity>
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long and
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDFFFB1FBEFA9A3FB2F0C8F" box="[1138,1221,721,745]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="cm" value="8.5" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="8.0">8–9 cm</quantity>
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||
wide that has been broken from its base. The axis is
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDFFFB1FD96A987FDB50D6B" box="[523,607,757,781]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="2.4">2.4 mm</quantity>
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in diameter and is a brownish colour.
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF5AA86BFC6A0DFB" blockId="90.[151,1436,578,1609]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
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The polyps of the
|
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<typeStatus id="B924E7D3FFDFFFB1FE33A86BFDFA0D57" box="[430,528,793,817]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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occur randomly on the main stem and in regular pairs (10–20% of polyp projections are whorls of 3) every
|
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<quantity id="A167F494FFDFFFB1FDB5A84FFD5B0D33" box="[552,689,829,853]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="1.5">1.5–1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
on branchlets. They are modestly distally flared, curved upward toward branchlet tip, and are rarely greater than
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDFFFB1FD2BA813FCE10D1F" box="[694,779,865,889]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
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in length and
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDFFFB1FC30A813FBE90D1F" box="[941,1027,865,889]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="mm" value="0.7">0.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. The sclerites are in 6–8 longitudinal rows with 5–7 scales in the longitudinal abaxial rows.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF5AA8DBFB360A6F" blockId="90.[151,1436,578,1609]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">The operculars form a tall cone and are isosceles triangle-shaped with a pointed apex, 260–620 µm high but most are 450–550 µm, with a H:W of 2.1–3.2. The proximal quarter of the inner surface is tuberculate, the distal half bearing a multi-keel. The outer surface has granules radiating from the central proximal area.</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF5AAF67FF170A87" blockId="90.[151,1436,578,1609]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
The marginal scales are not arranged in 2 defined rings, as in most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDFFFB1FC5DAF67FB7C0A4B" box="[960,1174,1045,1069]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
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<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FC5DAF67FBD10A4B" box="[960,1083,1045,1069]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Thouarella</emphasis>
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||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but as 2 sets of 3 with both lateral edges overlapping those of the adjacent marginal and the 2 remaining marginals with one lateral edge above and the other below their adjacent marginal. The marginals have an acutely pointed tip with a broad base, with a H:W of 0.93–2.1 and are up to 540 µm long. The proximal half of the inner surface is tuberculate, the distal half bears 1–3 modest longitudinal keels, sometimes bearing lateral projections. The outer surface is covered in granules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF5AAF9FFADB0BDF" blockId="90.[151,1436,578,1609]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">The submarginal scales are rounded, up to 340 µm high, almost elliptical, and broader than high (H:W of 0.65–0.89). The adaxial scales are rarely larger than 220 µm. Some of the submarginals have a small point at the distal edge and a corresponding small ridge perpendicular to the distal edge on the inner surface. The inner surface of both these and the body-wall scales has a smooth band along the distal edge and tubercules occur across the proximal three-quarters of the scales. The outer surface of the sclerites is smooth with a few granules proximally. The distal edge of all polyp sclerites of this species is finely serrate with a coarsely lobate proximal edge.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF5AAEB7FE830843" blockId="90.[151,1436,578,1609]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">The coenenchymal scales are elliptical to elongate in shape, rarely more than 320 µm high with a H:W of 1.3–1.8. These scales have a tuberculate inner surface and a slightly concave, smooth outer surface, sometimes with rare granules.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF5AAD40FDF2082F" blockId="90.[151,1436,578,1609]" box="[199,536,1585,1609]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
For images see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="020E2480FFDFFFB1FEEBAD43FDFE082F" author="Cairns, S. D." box="[374,532,1585,1609]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" pagination="161 - 194" refId="ref62073" refString="Cairns, S. D. (2006) Studies on western Atlantic Octocorallia (Coelenterata: Anthozoa). Part 6: The genera Primnoella Gray, 1858; Thouarella Gray, 1870; Dasystenella Versluys, 1906. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 119 (2), 161 - 194. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2988 / 0006 - 324 X (2006) 119 [161: SOWAOC] 2.0. CO; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">Cairns (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF0AAD0BFECA08F7" blockId="90.[151,1436,1657,1789]" box="[151,288,1657,1681]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FF0AAD0BFECA08F7" box="[151,288,1657,1681]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Distribution</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF0AADEFFC7E089B" blockId="90.[151,1436,1657,1789]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
This species is found in the western Atlantic, on the New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFDFFFB1FC81ADEFFC9308D3" box="[796,889,1693,1717]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">England</collectingCountry>
|
||
Seamount Chain; at depths from
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDFFFB1FB6DADEFFA6A08D3" box="[1264,1408,1693,1717]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.136" metricValueMax="1.458" metricValueMin="0.814" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="1136.0" valueMax="1458.0" valueMin="814.0">814–1458 m</quantity>
|
||
. It also occurs in the eastern Atlantic including off the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1E8819E1FFDFFFB1FD66ADB3FC6A08BF" box="[763,896,1729,1753]" name="Cape Verde" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Cape Verde</collectingCountry>
|
||
Archipelago, the Great Meteor Seamount, the Azores Archipelago and the Celtic Sea, at depths from
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDFFFB1FC9DAD97FC7A089B" box="[768,912,1765,1789]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.24" metricValueMax="1.76" metricValueMin="0.72" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="m" value="1240.0" valueMax="1760.0" valueMin="720.0">720–1760 m</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB1FF0AAC5FFEC60923" blockId="90.[151,1438,1837,2005]" box="[151,300,1837,1861]" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FF0AAC5FFEC60923" box="[151,300,1837,1861]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Comparisons</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDFFFB0FF0AAC23FD330E91" blockId="90.[151,1438,1837,2005]" lastBlockId="91.[151,1438,151,392]" lastPageId="91" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDFFFB1FF0AAC23FE63090F" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[151,393,1873,1897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FF0AAC23FE63090F" box="[151,393,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Thouarella grasshoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique within Group
|
||
<quantity id="A167F494FFDFFFB1FD07AC23FD2F090F" box="[666,709,1873,1897]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
|
||
having a true bottlebrush colony shape (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDFFFB1FB13AC20FACF090F" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1915" box="[1166,1317,1873,1897]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hilgendorfi">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FB13AC20FACF090F" box="[1166,1317,1873,1897]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">T. hilgendorfi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
does have bottlebrush branches but has a wider, flabellate colony shape, see
|
||
<tableCitation id="2B1D6CCAFFDFFFB1FC1BAC07FC3109EB" box="[902,987,1909,1933]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="18.[147,206,477,493]" captionText="TABLE 3. Tabular key for the species of Thouarella." pageId="90" pageNumber="91">Table 3</tableCitation>
|
||
). The placement of the branchlets of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDFFFB1FA1AAC04FF2D09D7" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FA1AAC04FF2D09D7" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">T. laxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is pinnate but can appear bottlebrush because its flexible branchlets can be curved. The polyps of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDFFFB1FA89ACE8FAB509D7" box="[1300,1375,1945,1969]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FA89ACE8FAB509D7" box="[1300,1375,1945,1969]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">T. laxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are a similar size with similar spacing as those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDFFFB1FD1EACCCFCE409B3" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[643,782,1981,2005]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="90" pageNumber="91" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDFFFB1FD1EACCCFCE409B3" box="[643,782,1981,2005]" italics="true" pageId="90" pageNumber="91">T. grasshoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, however, the former has a low opercular cone and shorter operculars with a blunt distal edge, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDEFFB0FD3FABEBFCDB0ED6" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[674,817,152,176]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDEFFB0FD3FABEBFCDB0ED6" box="[674,817,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">T. grasshoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a tall opercular cone, reflected in tall, triangular operculars. There is also a geographical separation between the two species with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDEFFB0FBA8ABCFFB290EB2" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[1077,1219,188,212]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDEFFB0FBA8ABCFFB290EB2" box="[1077,1219,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">T. grasshoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being found in the North Atlantic and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDEFFB0FEEDAB93FE510E9E" box="[368,443,224,248]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="laxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDEFFB0FEEDAB93FE510E9E" box="[368,443,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">T. laxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Indo-West Pacific.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDEFFB0FF5AAA76FD8E0FE1" blockId="91.[151,1438,151,392]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
Most species within Group 2 have polyps that are distally flared whilst
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDEFFB0FC6FAA76FB0F0F7A" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" box="[1010,1253,260,284]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDEFFB0FC6FAA76FB0F0F7A" box="[1010,1253,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Thouarella grasshoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDEFFB0FA80AA77FA760F7A" authorityName="Kukenthal" authorityYear="1915" box="[1309,1436,260,284]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="moseleyi">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDEFFB0FA80AA77FA760F7A" box="[1309,1436,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">T. moseleyi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have more rounded, clavate polyps. The latter species differs from the former in having polyps with shorter marginals and a colony with a pinnate branching arrangement (so the colony can appear bilateral), whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A19F22F2FFDEFFB0FA1AAA3FFEED0FEE" authorityName="Cairns" authorityYear="2006" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Thouarella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="91" pageNumber="92" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grasshoffi">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDEFFB0FA1AAA3FFEED0FEE" italics="true" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">T. grasshoffi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a bottlebrush colony form.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="66205971FFDEFFB0FF0AAAA9FD830F93" blockId="91.[151,617,475,501]" box="[151,617,475,501]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="54EB8563FFDEFFB0FF0AAAA9FD830F93" bold="true" box="[151,617,475,501]" pageId="91" pageNumber="92">Recent and new species combinations</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |