495 lines
56 KiB
XML
495 lines
56 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="43383C67667948F09BDD140FC548C7CB">A revision of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Epeolus Latreille for Nearctic species, north of Mexico (Hymenoptera, Apidae)</mods:title>
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<treatment id="CC9825929A3DC449FFEE7ADE1F328053" ID-GBIF-Taxon="143842341" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:CC9825929A3DC449FFEE7ADE1F328053" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/CC9825929A3DC449FFEE7ADE1F328053" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<subSubSection id="303E5A658E1148A69D035B50FBE86B12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6987E578DA7DAF67F94421E83B445632" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="2AD23E88AD40CE88A4B855B911E3314A" ID-CoL="4CS4" authority="Latreille, 1802" authorityName="Latreille" authorityYear="1802" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus Latreille, 1802</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B309D1BA69AA2794C14C5703620E7253" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="B72ECD4BA48622F9D1CB0662DC42203A" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="6537B8F58F8DA928848BC7F16EBC2896" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
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Latreille, 1802: 427. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="3F2B8E5FD4E948AF0EAE9E0F189C7692" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apis variegata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Apis variegata</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DB93A0A8B39253687B10FAEB06BCDDFA" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="A5902F048D77DE4DEC788E94065D56D9" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trophocleptria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trophocleptria" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trophocleptria</taxonomicName>
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Holmberg, 1886: 233, 275. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="67DE1047E65828204F80E5B7DAC46E4D" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Trophocleptria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trophocleptria variolosa" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variolosa">Trophocleptria variolosa</taxonomicName>
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Holmberg, 1886, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="13C0915215C4D6A7AE1C530EA16E2334" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="E56881592F48A4A2FC87A037ABCA0315" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus (Diepeolus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Diepeolus">Epeolus (Diepeolus)</taxonomicName>
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Gribodo, 1894: 80. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="F0053F564F2502B9D87DBD06F75F7D8B" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus giannellii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="giannellii">Epeolus giannellii</taxonomicName>
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Gribodo, 1894, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="254E220216363A1992C8EE38FED48191" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="F778AF29C90C7D311A37E460814CE266" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus (Monoepeolus)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Monoepeolus">Epeolus (Monoepeolus)</taxonomicName>
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Gribodo, 1894: 80. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="6EAB2ABFB4F05F117D6BB7F3396078A4" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Apis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Apis variegata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegata">Apis variegata</taxonomicName>
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Linnaeus, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1ACBBA4AAAB5D2CFCF947F564F92E1D2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="B49233F2FB867C00052BC041FB7CB76D" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pyrrhomelecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrrhomelecta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pyrrhomelecta</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead, 1899: 66. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="2417E22722B21B9F4A0D7D16DE6CE6E6" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus glabratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabratus">Epeolus glabratus</taxonomicName>
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Cresson, 1878, by original designation and monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F7BC54A43D40ACC78FF8D4547E688D28" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="A0D2900F78B5E573C5B58F4E37548F28" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Argyroselenis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyroselenis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Argyroselenis</taxonomicName>
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Robertson, 1903: 284. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="A97B99A43000CB81E2153152BA4728D1" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus minimus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Triepeolus minimus</taxonomicName>
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Robertson, 1902, by original designation and monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="46A5F9C8E5B9B7919A6D2FEFF47998DE" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<taxonomicName id="7C1779FF30FAA507B30712DA6549F9A1" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Oxybiastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxybiastes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oxybiastes</taxonomicName>
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Mavromoustakis, 1954: 260. Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="D16DBBF7F7C8598D86D06F15C49C8B14" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Oxybiastes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oxybiastes bischoffi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bischoffi">Oxybiastes bischoffi</taxonomicName>
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Mavromoustakis, 1954, by original designation and monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DB8F046C6823B5DDF92A801F140BE744" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="3C61FC432D454873A8FBEA11CD9B3C56" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C222E0614B645D89EF312CC634B54537" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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In his original description,
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<bibRefCitation id="F745E42BC2F0A36AA4A72133808AC0B1" author="Latreille, PA" journalOrPublisher="Barrois, Paris" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" title="Histoire Naturelle des Fourmis et Recueil de Memoirs et d'Observations sur les Abeilles, les Areignees, les Faucheurs et autres Insectes. Vol. 8." year="1802">Latreille (1802)</bibRefCitation>
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did not explain the etymology of
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<taxonomicName id="DC88EBC88A01E233DAAC7AAA2A61528C" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
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, but it seems likely that the name is a diminutive of Epeus/Epeius, the soldier in Greek mythology to whom building the Trojan Horse is attributed, and that it was inspired by the sinister nature of these cleptoparasitic bees. This was the first genus of
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<taxonomicName id="759767F58EB585039EB1718ACBF96CB9" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="tribe" tribe="Epeolini">Epeolini</taxonomicName>
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described, and
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<normalizedToken id="D37D09757CFF4FD57A0529874A922EC5" originalValue="‘epeolus’">'epeolus'</normalizedToken>
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has since become the root in the names of many other nomadine and non-nomadine genera and tribes (e.g.,
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<taxonomicName id="6929B09885BE7E25510B7EB7AC46205B" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeoloides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeoloides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeoloides</taxonomicName>
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Giraud (
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<taxonomicName id="09C5126FB32A452D6B24A9072F7A62D1" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="tribe" tribe="Osirini">Osirini</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="23498708B6180E6BB7F149D52DB3A0D7" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Parepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Parepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Parepeolus</taxonomicName>
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Ducke (
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<taxonomicName id="9A93D576390BFD457EDACAF9A28F221E" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="tribe" tribe="Osirini">Osirini</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="2A30980B8F308B966BA5E9C2E9AE41E7" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="tribe" tribe="Protepeolini">Protepeolini</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="BBFEA716BEA7A601B35EFEEE0840FC9E" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Pseudepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pseudepeolus</taxonomicName>
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Holmberg (
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<taxonomicName id="DFDB689877D0FD51F647CBA7838C5273" lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="tribe" tribe="Epeolini">Epeolini</taxonomicName>
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), etc.).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="DF51850179940CD05EB84B7D4480FEF4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Several species of
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<taxonomicName id="6875B26C8866D8BCD5B38304E99EF638" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
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were previously described as belonging to different genera, in particular
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<taxonomicName id="4196065EAE8DBD1DCD0F511299C1BB10" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triepeolus</taxonomicName>
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. On account of
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<bibRefCitation id="C3A1E5D5395AF440AADE0D32FFC81491" author="Rightmyer, MG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 170" title="A review of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Triepeolus (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Part I." volume="1710" year="2008">
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<normalizedToken id="ACDC1A9D935BBCBD37A4D2A65E57801B" originalValue="Rightmyer’s">Rightmyer's</normalizedToken>
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(2008)
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</bibRefCitation>
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revision of
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<taxonomicName id="8C7053C2A79A8C246DA402A62F56B62A" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triepeolus</taxonomicName>
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, the generic placement of species that were once erroneously switched has been corrected. A few North American species were (initially or at some point in the past) described as belonging to genera that are no longer considered valid, including
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<taxonomicName id="630D6E37F19C95856FF17F8FDCB2664A" class="Insecta" genus="Argyroselenis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyroselenis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Argyroselenis</taxonomicName>
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Robertson,
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<taxonomicName id="041365A89CDCF94F6B2B1875DCB9696C" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Phileremus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileremus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phileremus</taxonomicName>
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(the name is a synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="07F25C5FD1870F29A78678C6F07A86F3" authority="Latreille" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Ammobates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="subgenus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ammobates (Ammobates)" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Ammobates">Ammobates Latreille subgenus Ammobates</taxonomicName>
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Latreille s. str. in
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<bibRefCitation id="E9A3F772CECC70ECAFD8F4115800CC8E" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Michener 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="E1B85D13C0DDA137756F18D1FD181720" class="Insecta" genus="Pyrrhomelecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrrhomelecta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pyrrhomelecta</taxonomicName>
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Ashmead. These represented unnatural groupings of species by shared homoplasious morphological features: if the fore wing has two submarginal cells (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04916AED1E691C670024E155CDA67BC0" class="Insecta" family="Megachilidae" genus="Phileremus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileremus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phileremus</taxonomicName>
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) instead of the usual three, if the maxillary palpus is three-segmented (
|
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<taxonomicName id="666785BF77612661ABDBDC631F288F71" class="Insecta" genus="Argyroselenis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Argyroselenis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Argyroselenis</taxonomicName>
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) rather than two-segmented (both states occur within
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<taxonomicName id="BE7B9FCF439D83D6C3885870D63B2315" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="CC5C82476041ED8ADD1ACF08E81ECCBE" genus="Thalestriina" lsidName="Thalestriina" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rank="genus">Thalestriina</taxonomicName>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="BE92A21AEBB3E118252C8447A1C372A0" author="Rightmyer, MG" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Papers-Natural History Museum, University of Kansas" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 51" title="Phylogeny and classification of the parasitic bee tribe Epeolini (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Nomadinae)." volume="33" year="2004">Rightmyer 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
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), and if there is extensive red versus black integument coloration and reduced pubescence (
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<taxonomicName id="818C87EAEA057CA9CE6C7CC67440C54A" class="Insecta" genus="Pyrrhomelecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrrhomelecta" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pyrrhomelecta</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
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</paragraph>
|
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<paragraph id="482D3CCE04814C285F287E526ACA9AF9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="62AD6805151571ED0F4EBBAF642FD49C" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Species</pageBreakToken>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6AB63190E72CF1937B4F2594025390A" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are small to moderate-sized (body length 5.5-10.0 mm) relatively robust cleptoparasitic (epeoliform) bees. In North America,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8065DCB9C30C5C098D1BA0852D8AC455" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be confused with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3356FA1DC83C6D5809F9A5797E88CCE3" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triepeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which it resembles in general appearance, although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2C0ADF329F616937464A3CD6B8D5489" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triepeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
may attain a much larger size (body length up to 18 mm in some species,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3ED925DD42802ED290D5FA0401762A82" author="Rightmyer, MG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 170" title="A review of the cleptoparasitic bee genus Triepeolus (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Part I." volume="1710" year="2008">Rightmyer 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The only other North American epeoline genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F5CEE1AA650359D0712F17FAAED30B52" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Odyneropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odyneropsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odyneropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schrottky, is rare (known only from the American Southwest) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="AD3A0B607AEC82A5D8F2968F7AB2710C" author="Griswold, T" journalOrPublisher="University of Kansas Natural History Museum Special Publications" pageId="166" pageNumber="167" pagination="217 - 219" title="Odyneropsis, a genus new to the United States, with descriptions of other new cleptoparasitic Apidae." volume="24" year="1999">Griswold and Parker 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and more likely to be confused with vespid wasps (hence the root
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3B61E10BA9D6BA01BAE0FF696DFE0456" originalValue="‘odynerus’">'odynerus'</normalizedToken>
|
||
) rather than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="979696A3F564CB6DE6193AA449AD79F6" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Comprehensive overviews of the distinguishing features of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3054F61EEC7432C4F00CB97E15A2734F" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in reference to all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E844DB601F5516C7BF154810E7DAC4EE" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="tribe" tribe="Epeolini">Epeolini</taxonomicName>
|
||
are provided in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7A475CC0F3325A77B256C9254B5C3E12" author="Rightmyer, MG" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Papers-Natural History Museum, University of Kansas" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 51" title="Phylogeny and classification of the parasitic bee tribe Epeolini (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Nomadinae)." volume="33" year="2004">Rightmyer (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CDE8BEBD01BF2188191C22B0575969C1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Michener (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9D2AA8EA7E477B7879D0884F1DD699FD" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="73121517A6A44817D87C238B847DB6D4" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Diagnosis for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A65162946B22AF6EA44E92E2D2292E8D" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in North America
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C963613C48F5B6516A4F15F1BFEFEFD5" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
(Canada and the United States). Diagnostic for female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E233B5FB79284698ED32E13B0BD902A8" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a very distinct S6, which is usually retracted except sometimes for a pair of convergent spatulate lateral apical processes bearing setae modified into minute, pointed denticles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FDB74D304990F6F7BDFBDDA168332897" author="Onuferko, TM" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" url="https://doi.org/10.3752/cjai.2017.30" year="2017">Onuferko 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 2A, B). Basally, the processes are separated by a large lobe-like disc, which in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1FDAB76823D19D67D32F57561D488B" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triepeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reduced to a narrow transverse bar. In both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D5558EE079C64D9D90F524CA73AA598" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triepeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="35DF675FEFDA605E9A16E5ED7D4914D2" author="Onuferko, TM" journalOrPublisher="North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Bulletin" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" url="https://doi.org/10.3752/cjai.2017.30" year="2017">Onuferko 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 2C, D) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E739E9A21C9EC292EDA5D0D8D38F976" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Odyneropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odyneropsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odyneropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the lateral apical processes are subparallel and bear coarse, spine-like setae. Additionally, females may be separated on the basis of the pseudopygidial area (the apicomedial region of T5 that changes slope from the rest of the tergum), which in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A895FD562BD178085C5236C91DBE86BF" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is covered in a silvery band of short apically rounded setae. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="59C65C2C2359CFEB99AE496F7D6753E2" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triepeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the pseudopygidial area is usually longer than in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4112F42AAAACF00A0453B4C35C7CD05" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and in most species the setae reflect a golden color. The T5 in female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC53B924C068AAD96C38315EE1FEB02" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Odyneropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odyneropsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odyneropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
is unique in that it is broadly notched posteriorly and has a distinct middorsal depressed area in the shape of a pointed oval outlined by ridges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2EA14721056B8C634F9A2560E66E0E80" author="Rightmyer, MG" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Papers-Natural History Museum, University of Kansas" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 51" title="Phylogeny and classification of the parasitic bee tribe Epeolini (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Nomadinae)." volume="33" year="2004">Rightmyer 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 180A).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="34718B923E065EA4881F2515AE29B5DD" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="1C016E3C8164007F0465B726BF73700B" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Figure 2. Pygidial plate (in dorsal view) of male A
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B0E363515CA03AF82021069BB4163CCE" lsidName="E. australis" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="australis">E. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(longer than wide and apically narrowed) B
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1BB0B212D99EEBFB1BAEC0AC45B9BAA0" lsidName="E. brumleyi" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="brumleyi">E. brumleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
paratype (nearly as long as wide and apically rounded) C
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E3F25DCD76CC13B0A25A85AA4AE7DA26" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(longer than wide, with the lateral margins parallel) D
|
||
<taxonomicName id="54B591B1AF9B9E592EA74193363325E7" lsidName="E. asperatus" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="asperatus">E. asperatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(longer than wide and apically narrowed) E
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3E1126FB52CAD573C216DFF03A00463B" lsidName="E. barberiellus" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="barberiellus">E. barberiellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(somewhat longer than wide and apically narrowed), and F
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2A61B2AB6C37B8A6CE8D0C6F3B6D9CFD" lsidName="T. concavus" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="concavus">T. concavus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(longer than wide, with the lateral margins somewhat concave). Scale bars 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="90CFC2B92D568970F3911D6F8247366A" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A47B8D0FFD1B91375F087512B170ECCB" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more difficult to diagnose. As in females, the body lacks integumental white or yellow areas but the mesosoma and usually other tagmata have short appressed plumose white and/or yellow setae; the maxillary palpus is two or three segmented; the inner margins of the compound eyes are distinctly convergent below; the axilla is produced to a rounded lobe or angle or spine (i.e., not continuing the contour of the mesoscutellum); the distitarsi of all legs have arolia; the fore wing usually has three submarginal cells (if with two, then the second is at least nearly as long as the first), and the marginal cell is apically removed from the wing margin and much longer than the stigma; and a pygidial plate is present. In male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BC3859B3FB2788772655177F2D1FEE3D" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the pygidial plate in most species is broadly rounded posteriorly (Fig. 2B); in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8466D6BA7C4DA038084D10038D7D7ABF" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Odyneropsis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Odyneropsis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Odyneropsis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9F2210AF98DE65254581CCB553CF6DD9" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triepeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is usually more elongate and with a median constriction (Fig. 2F). It should be noted that males of some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF6DC09125C213BA0A7ABBB8E7A5B965" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in North America (notably
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7C5C4C0A104122237E2358B1E1EC90AC" lsidName="E. australis" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="australis">E. australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mitchell,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2BB0166932733DCA8675B779DE64C34" lsidName="E. flavofasciatus" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">E. flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smith, and some males in the "americanus group") have a very narrow and distinctly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A1223BA32747A62DFCF2899AA8BC082E" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triepeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
-like pygidial plate (Fig. 2A, C, D), as opposed to the more broadly rounded/subtruncate pygidial plate typically associated with male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F60CBA81905C41190C7B0E32B69A83D" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig. 2B). The presence of a preapical tooth of the mandible (Fig. 3B, C, D, F) (often hidden from view because the mandibles are usually closed) confirms these and other species as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="175377B452F6C8AE682E70C745C74C5E" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
; all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2E1CE45B42F6B290F15C906B8B2D18B" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Triepeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Triepeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Triepeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and only some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F225181BA2AB2D4D1CB3B137EFA4CFDD" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Epeolus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(in North America
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E69E8075CF158D6229F14E48B3BF6DAE" lsidName="E. ainsliei" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="ainsliei">E. ainsliei</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04AE2B82463B0604BDB81A03B020609C" lsidName="E. erigeronis" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="erigeronis">E. erigeronis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BD37BF200A66FE6944B66AE0C33D7641" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BE864CD78E1DDD403E50D0415ED90DD2" lsidName="E. inornatus" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="inornatus">E. inornatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C2B9C1BB468DE16CE0E660182E354EEC" lsidName="E. zonatus" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="zonatus">E. zonatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) lack one (Fig. 3A, E) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6BEBA2F43F0FCA831BA5B3C9BC25FA5A" author="Rightmyer, MG" journalOrPublisher="Scientific Papers-Natural History Museum, University of Kansas" pageId="167" pageNumber="168" pagination="1 - 51" title="Phylogeny and classification of the parasitic bee tribe Epeolini (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Nomadinae)." volume="33" year="2004">Rightmyer 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="CC2EBFE45AD6EF92A01F5897BF69FA8F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="A7553B0F9DC31F24EF49628F1467CAD3" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Figure 3. Mandible (in frontal view) of female A
|
||
<taxonomicName id="16A41AB83440E4FF852B50047F32E0FC" lsidName="E. ainsliei" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="ainsliei">E. ainsliei</taxonomicName>
|
||
without a preapical angulation or tooth B
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19B024B51DAC39248E08268F12D99FED" lsidName="E. attenboroughi" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">E. attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype with an inconspicuous, obtuse preapical tooth C
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2A37E8FD4D0CDB978E07210BA4D680DE" lsidName="E. carolinus" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="carolinus">E. carolinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
with an inconspicuous, obtuse preapical tooth D
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB3794538A1F9EAF8356E3A2DD839D9B" lsidName="E. gibbsi" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="gibbsi">E. gibbsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
paratype with an obtuse angle appearing like a tooth E
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F4E3CF9D20DA3729A7736B8CA55A5D2" lsidName="E. vernalis" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="vernalis">E. vernalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
holotype (herein synonymized under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="73D2A2F1A167894FD612C67F9161E5FF" lsidName="E. ilicis" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="ilicis">E. ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
) without a preapical angulation or tooth, and F
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC45DAADEFB13B856D8E278CF4F96E98" lsidName="E. compactus" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="compactus">E. compactus</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a distinct preapical tooth with sides forming a right triangle. Scale bars 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="951A3132438E9B40B9864F59EE637A68" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="10" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="list of species with their proposed common names">
|
||
<paragraph id="6F95680E274E30B087FAB41410C7767E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="C5B2CE574B33E74FDDE34A8F50D5C33F" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">List</pageBreakToken>
|
||
of species with their proposed common names
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4CFD8BA8672856EC513EFC3E69A731D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="998646B35C732890A5741943BA79F220" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus ainsliei" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ainsliei">Epeolus ainsliei</taxonomicName>
|
||
Crawford, 1932 -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B0BE66CCA7E7AC098E16FD39DD383626" originalValue="Ainslie’s">Ainslie's</normalizedToken>
|
||
epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1DE021EE86110C1F119654F009473D3E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDFFDA1FD06574F4819DAA6E52317682" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus americanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="americanus">Epeolus americanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cresson, 1878) - American epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="993C5D5EA472AB2D571A72BBC3A591CC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68D18AD3E06D81EEB751D04B9C001430" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus andriyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andriyi">Epeolus andriyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F9A292F48439979EBA30F616A4918C4B" originalValue="Andrew’s">Andrew's</normalizedToken>
|
||
epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9268B2EC5CEF691098C78FEA06F5F20A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2F3B3A73B07C6A5891FC25F99EE9CB08" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus asperatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asperatus">Epeolus asperatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cockerell, 1909 - rough epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="59CB9C32C2B8FC06CFCD4E5F47FAC6EC" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9AAEF427A0A97DA8EC66A384C3C1D16F" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus attenboroughi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="attenboroughi">Epeolus attenboroughi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8693F4D14A6540569A0BD1BA4F96B8FE" originalValue="Attenborough’s">Attenborough's</normalizedToken>
|
||
epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E9F0BBBF4A13D55B08AB2A5A30339455" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6E1113DDE6749B2B1DEF6D2556681786" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus australis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">Epeolus australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mitchell, 1962 - southern epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DCC3F455D19F6CA0C06939B78F216C5E" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AAFAAD886603CD4727D5E28147110A72" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus autumnalis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="autumnalis">Epeolus autumnalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Robertson, 1902 - fall epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A0D6C02FEB92CAF081DB2B308B82A28D" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96F73460CB6424BE2272EDEC2B7D979A" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus axillaris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="axillaris">Epeolus axillaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. - spiny epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EE9CC83A66F95632C2E0859D1495BF1A" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00C56222E3CAD3E7EA7893A6803C6FE4" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus banksi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banksi">Epeolus banksi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cockerell, 1907) -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A7FD312244FB957BBDB3799FC71C82AD" originalValue="Banks’">Banks'</normalizedToken>
|
||
epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7DAEBB5A18F8DC5401A127319358B230" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C5985E5236D389F70E38C11E29EE8AF9" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus barberiellus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="barberiellus">Epeolus barberiellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cockerell, 1907 -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="53FAF3681FD326DC7ED724DC45981885" originalValue="Barber’s">Barber's</normalizedToken>
|
||
epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA0665A7E60ADE8C21D604C0DBC8472B" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="96542577DFC10E39FADA5C2F3680EA82" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus basili" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basili">Epeolus basili</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6764C5A469BC23F514EE6B8723858C6F" originalValue="Basil’s">Basil's</normalizedToken>
|
||
epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="394207AF0B431C9D09FD28F85E20D7D6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FCD2305EA6C01B5269A69260DE729D6A" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus bifasciatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifasciatus">Epeolus bifasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson, 1864 - two-banded epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AFE2EDB5A78C601080A4F3A6981C3FB0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A11F5B5B5A207A810D3B6828C60F031C" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus brumleyi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brumleyi">Epeolus brumleyi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3F430A042E03383635587FC252E312F8" originalValue="Brumley’s">Brumley's</normalizedToken>
|
||
epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="268C46F284E6877749A298F2C6370F27" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CEB90D83679B5EDC7ED688297EB64EC7" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus canadensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="canadensis">Epeolus canadensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mitchell, 1962 - Canada epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF473CD321AAD1B18359E0A3D4EAFEDB" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="39D29FF6B59100966B8E527348104A99" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus carolinus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carolinus">Epeolus carolinus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mitchell, 1962 - Carolina epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DABD4A3BF9C8692343F8255F91EFA2DF" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="04920514BC49783801962BC4115A5B02" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus chamaesarachae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chamaesarachae">Epeolus chamaesarachae</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. - five eyes crowned epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D7ED2C310062EFC76B693E51D7D5DF4" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="044FAFC5DF33D9E59D7B0CC7BA9DC1F3" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus compactus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="compactus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="FB740B5A6F41537C738D1BC35FD7A8C7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" start="start">Epeolus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
compactus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson, 1878 - compact epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="46D7BAB50624909BB768515295F4221D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC71AD4FF4306D09A8420AF2618F075" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus deyrupi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="deyrupi">Epeolus deyrupi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D7203D401598865EF33A79C3A6830BA2" originalValue="Deyrup’s">Deyrup's</normalizedToken>
|
||
epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D7AA4F98769AF96F105FC7AC28C54235" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="40F18C947814512477F5DEDA76010E69" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus diadematus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diadematus">Epeolus diadematus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. - Texas crowned epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C5394E64ECF93ED01F81FFC72D0A1030" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E04049C7ABAAAF61FE53DEC6516F7C3A" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus erigeronis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigeronis">Epeolus erigeronis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mitchell, 1962 - fleabane epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="662B3495F5CD73C7BF48DA82D28AE483" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68B860EEC20BD0770D815172E94F84FE" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus ferrarii" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferrarii">Epeolus ferrarii</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2955BE7A6A35F5AB3D842E7DF7EBF4C8" originalValue="Ferrari’s">Ferrari's</normalizedToken>
|
||
epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DE99446D8709EF351ACB58EB401B0565" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8822611C74F75000334DEDD747EE545F" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus flavofasciatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="flavofasciatus">Epeolus flavofasciatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smith, 1879 - yellow-banded epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E54FEC34D948E716DAFBAB7A54E26A11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9249113CB923A17FA8B3502CE23609D8" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus floridensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="floridensis">Epeolus floridensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mitchell, 1962 - Florida epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C90D6D74810A4BBD93E58158A995BDFE" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="563C674EA77D3BA28F17992668F40BF6" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus gibbsi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gibbsi">Epeolus gibbsi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B6963D5AF4F9865EE8D51798B1AE7476" originalValue="Gibbs’">Gibbs'</normalizedToken>
|
||
epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B5C6C441C7F8E31871EF979AD1B8A429" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="338CBFA6A669037D6D8A4D36DA109B96" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus glabratus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="glabratus">Epeolus glabratus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson, 1878 - smooth epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="39E0CE6F4623A3ED271F8880DCDE3A4D" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F8E542FD303F7D0EE0873CDD1D4A726" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus howardi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="howardi">Epeolus howardi</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mitchell, 1962 -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2F6B2909983B69A6848345556BF446AB" originalValue="Howard’s">Howard's</normalizedToken>
|
||
epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0B75B2DDBB42511D1851DABB17EADC28" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA9BF3A8AA5E1C42DAB9F6971C29DDE5" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus ilicis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ilicis">Epeolus ilicis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Mitchell, 1962 - holly epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0D9288A927F354E0CA8050A60E4E26B9" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="554DF8E4F2C6A4A65B2E40BD85D60327" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus inornatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="inornatus">Epeolus inornatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. - inornate epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="95753E7C26FDDC0A9000778BCB4B3B80" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85C4820FE4FA603671A51E26EDC2818C" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus interruptus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="interruptus">Epeolus interruptus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Robertson, 1900 - interrupted epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EFD3C1C1868B314575C176E15B3143BE" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CE3E7E7957464D6B847DAB696333E48" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus lectoides" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectoides">Epeolus lectoides</taxonomicName>
|
||
Robertson, 1901 - Eastern prized epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="261265E821735856708F1F8D8CA033B7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB8D75009DA5FA535E69A18FB610AC60" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus lectus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lectus">Epeolus lectus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson, 1878 - Great Plains prized epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="038C8BA8F870E95CCA513B1FF1C8CDED" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="47EB5D030532C5A365C91C4F4A1C1FEB" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus mesillae" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mesillae">Epeolus mesillae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Cockerell, 1895) - Mesilla epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5ACD883D8B642C0ECF471B1621A6E665" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="82AAF3F16B3C34271FD35253263C614F" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus minimus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minimus">Epeolus minimus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Robertson, 1902) - least epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8AD5CCA6729A72FDBB50681E3947E5E7" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0C38255B6F9826E8EADDC7F346B28086" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus nebulosus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nebulosus">Epeolus nebulosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. - clouded epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="44594CEB3803B6D3E72431509D098D39" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7A082BAD5C13DDD62F66DDC66162E859" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus novomexicanus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="novomexicanus">Epeolus novomexicanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cockerell, 1912 - New Mexico epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8EFF27557078719235963B72F9D7F864" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5BCF87640DB0230F9D5D6FDFB70EB1A3" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus olympiellus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="olympiellus">Epeolus olympiellus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cockerell, 1904 - Olympia epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0EA18BB714F8B9D7C0D59038866CE1F3" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="50C536541DEDB617A958B51024953691" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus packeri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="packeri">Epeolus packeri</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="809ED0E82984AEBCD0B0C26E8755B032" originalValue="Packer’s">Packer's</normalizedToken>
|
||
epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="888BE2A41BEA9E19C7AB4D8484942631" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CE82AE64BFCF71B49DA5E277439E5E0" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus pusillus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pusillus">Epeolus pusillus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cresson, 1864 - dwarf epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A8BF34B9525DBFE5DABDB4A20266866A" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7E3503582606D233F493F52EEED8561F" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus rufulus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufulus">Epeolus rufulus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Cockerell, 1941 - reddish epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0730D1D675462F2349CD798EDB8EAC2C" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="81F000FEF26DEAA0DB9A7CB02D3298EE" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus scutellaris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scutellaris">Epeolus scutellaris</taxonomicName>
|
||
Say, 1824 - shield-backed epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6D05385F8AC18557D0F65232FA826C86" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="19DE3F81D90A060B6AB54EF12925CE40" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus splendidus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="splendidus">Epeolus splendidus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. - polished epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="59D93C807B5440D985EEC5A2D9CA4B49" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31892C1E4C6CB7C604933D358EEDF795" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus tessieris" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tessieris">Epeolus tessieris</taxonomicName>
|
||
Onuferko, sp. n. -
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E23826314D7453DD3025CFC3C69D1B4D" originalValue="Tessier’s">Tessier's</normalizedToken>
|
||
epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C8F86F69EB28601E05493B62453C3E46" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="837C3CEAB31B4C0F0011EEFC4E680B42" class="Insecta" family="Apidae" genus="Epeolus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epeolus zonatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zonatus">Epeolus zonatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Smith, 1854 - white-banded red epeolus
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |