treatments-xml/data/3F/F6/BD/3FF6BDB5A6D4C9CF7C933035A9E6A124.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-200-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" ModsDocID="1314-2003-200-1" checkinTime="1655292389427" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barboza, Gloria E., Garcia, Carolina Carrizo, Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem, Romero, Maria V. &amp; Scaldaferro, Marisel" docDate="2022" docId="3FF6BDB5A6D4C9CF7C933035A9E6A124" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 200: 1-423" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 200" docPubDate="2022-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" docTitle="Capsicum rhomboideum (Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" masterDocTitle="Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1655292705827" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart>Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart>Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina &amp; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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40. 
<taxonomicName authority="(Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891." authorityName="(Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">Capsicum rhomboideum (Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 112" captionStartId="F112" captionText="Figure 112. Capsicum rhomboideum A reproductive branch B flower C calyx D eglandular trichome of the calyx E, F branched trichomes of the calyx G glandular trichome of the abaxial surface of the calyx H sector of opened corolla I eglandular trichome of the corolla lobes J gynoecium K fruit L fruit, in cross section M anatomical detail of the pericarp (note the absence of giant cells in the mesocarp) N seed O seed, in cross section P structure of seed coat at the seed margin Q structure of seed coat at the seed body R embryo A from Parra V. 089 B-D, G-J from Moore 3831 E, F from Haught &amp; Svenson 11621 K-R from Acosta Solis 14234. Drawn by N. de Flury. Published in Hunziker (2001), reproduced with permission." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure112" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695527" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 112</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 113" captionStartId="F113" captionText="Figure 113. Capsicum rhomboideum A plant B main stem with lenticels flower buds C branch showing leaf pair dissimilar in shape and size D reproductive branch E flower bud F flower, in lateral view G flower, seen from behind H, J flower, in front view, showing connivent and not connivent anthers, respectively I node with a pendent flower and pedicels scars K mature fruits A, J from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4854 B, D-F from Leiva Gonzalez 6585 C, G from Barboza et al. 5050 H, I, K from M. Scaldaferro 73. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure113" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695528" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 113</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia rhomboidea" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboidea">Witheringia rhomboidea</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Solan. Syn. 1. 1816. Type. Colombia. Quindio: &quot;Mont Quindiu&quot;, F.W.H.A. von Humboldt &amp; A. Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P-Bonpl. [P00670657]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Witheringia dumetorum</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Solan. Syn. 1. 1816. Type. Ecuador. Pasto: Pasto, F.W.H.A. von Humboldt &amp; A. Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P-Bonpl. [P00670658]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia ciliata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">Witheringia ciliata</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] (quarto ed.) 3: 11. 1818. Type. Ecuador. Pasto: &quot; 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="Crescit" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Crescit" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Crescit</taxonomicName>
in Andibus frigidis Pastoensium prope Tulcan, alt. 1580 hex.&quot; [474 m], F.W.H.A. von Humboldt &amp; A. Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P [not found]; isotype: B destroyed, photo F neg. 2875]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Witheringia mollis</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. [H.B.K.] (quarto ed.) 3: 12. 1818. Type. Peru. Cajamarca: &quot; 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="Crescit" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Crescit" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="genus">Crescit</taxonomicName>
in Regno Peruviano prope urbem Caxamarca, alt. 1500 hex&quot; [450 m], F.W.H.A. von Humboldt &amp; A. Bonpland s.n. (lectotype, designated here: P-Bonpl. [P00670656]; isotype: B [destroyed, photo F neg. 2877]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum aggregatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aggregatum">Capsicum aggregatum</taxonomicName>
Willd. ex Roem. &amp; Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer &amp; Schultes] 4: 809. 1819. Type. No locality information given &quot;Habitat 
<normalizedToken originalValue="…”">...&quot;</normalizedToken>
, &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum aggregatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aggregatum">Capsicum aggregatum</taxonomicName>
, herb. Willd.)&quot; (holotype: B [B-W04434-01-0]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia diversifolia" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolia">Witheringia diversifolia</taxonomicName>
Klotzsch ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. (Walpers) 3: 29. 1844. Type. Cultivated in Berlin Botanical Garden, Germany &quot;In Mexico- (Floruit in horto Berolinensi botanico mense Aprili anni 1841)&quot; (no specimens cited; no original material found).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus ciliatus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliatus">Brachistus ciliatus</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 3(16): 263. 1849. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia ciliata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">Witheringia ciliata</taxonomicName>
Kunth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus rhomboideus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideus">Brachistus rhomboideus</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 3(16): 264. 1849. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia rhomboidea" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboidea">Witheringia rhomboidea</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Brachistus mollis</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 3(16): 264. 1849. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Witheringia mollis</taxonomicName>
Kunth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Brachistus dumetorum</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 3(16): 265. 1849. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Witheringia dumetorum</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus diversifolius" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolius">Brachistus diversifolius</taxonomicName>
(Klotzsch ex Walp.) Miers, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 3(16): 268. 1849. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia diversifolia" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolia">Witheringia diversifolia</taxonomicName>
Klotzsch ex Walp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia luteiflora" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="luteiflora">Fregirardia luteiflora</taxonomicName>
Dunal ex Delile, Ind. Sem. Hort. Monsp.: 7. 1849. Type. Cultivated in Montpellier, France. &quot;Hort. Montpellier&quot;, 17 Feb 1849, M.F. Dunal s.n. (lectotype, designated by 
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="241 - 259" refId="B201" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1971. Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte. Kurtziana 6: 241 - 259" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte." volume="6" year="1971">Hunziker 1971</bibRefCitation>
, p. 253: MPU, second step designated here: MPU [MPU023032]); isolectotypes: HBG [HBG-511320, G-DC [G00200559], MPU [MPU023031]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia rhomboidea" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboidea">Fregirardia rhomboidea</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 504. 1852. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia rhomboidea" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboidea">Witheringia rhomboidea</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Fregirardia dumetorum</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 504. 1852. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Witheringia dumetorum</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Fregirardia mollis</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 505. 1852. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Witheringia mollis</taxonomicName>
Kunth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia vargasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vargasii">Fregirardia vargasii</taxonomicName>
Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 505. 1852. Type. Venezuela. Distrito Federal: Circa Caracas, 1830, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J.M. Vargas 249</emphasis>
(holotype: G-DC [G00200549; isotype: MPU [MPU023030]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mendax" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mendax">Solanum mendax</taxonomicName>
Van Heurck &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
.Arg., Observ. Bot. (Van Heurck): 61. 1870. Type. Ecuador. Tungurahua: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Baños">Banos</normalizedToken>
, Aug 1857, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. Spruce 5050</emphasis>
(lectotype, designated by 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 38" refId="B32" refString="Barboza, GE, 2011. Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 2: 23 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" title="Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" volume="2" year="2011">Barboza 2011</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 29: K [K000201915]; isolectotypes: BM [BM000777290], E [E00202462], G (G0342803, G00342804], GH [GH00077720], K [K000201792, K000201915], MO [MO-1287475, acc. # 1691274, MO-1287476, acc. # 1781034], P [P00410209], W [W-Rchb. 1889-0294613, W-Rchb. 1889-0223014]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus pringlei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pringlei">Brachistus pringlei</taxonomicName>
S.Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 159. 1890. Type. Mexico. Nuevo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="León">Leon</normalizedToken>
: in the Sierra de la Silla near Monterrey, 28 May 1889, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. G. Pringle 2544</emphasis>
(holotype: GH [00936714]; isotypes: AC [AC00320467], BKL [BKL00004329], BR [BR0000005530854, BR0000005531189], CM [CM1923, acc. # 260433], COLO [00352195], E [E00570143], EAP [EAP71917], F [v0072759F], G [G00342807], GOET [GOET003410], K [K000585889], KFTA [KFTA0002452, KFTA0002453], M [M-0171536], MEL [MEL2442144], MEXU [00028827], MO [MO-022273, acc. # 3727961; MO-153287, acc. # 1768532], NA [NA-0026220], NDG [NDG44985], NY [00138549, 00138550], P [P00410033, P00410034], PH [PH00008049], PUL [PUL00000045], RSA [RSA0006263, acc. # 102428], S [acc. # S-G-1004], UC [UC548235], US [00027409, acc. # 48601], VT [UVMVT026402], W [acc. # 1890-0000820], WU [acc. # 0033958]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum ciliatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliatum">Capsicum ciliatum</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia ciliata" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliata">Witheringia ciliata</taxonomicName>
Kunth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="Klotzsch" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum diversifolium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolium">Capsicum diversifolium</taxonomicName>
(Klotzsch ex Walp.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia diversifolia" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="diversifolia">Witheringia diversifolia</taxonomicName>
Klotzsch ex Walp.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Capsicum dumetorum</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia dumetorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dumetorum">Witheringia dumetorum</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum molle" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="molle">Capsicum molle</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450. 1891. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">Witheringia mollis</taxonomicName>
Kunth.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Kuntze" authorityYear="1891" baseAuthorityName="Dunal" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum vargasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vargasii">Capsicum vargasii</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 450.1891. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia vargasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vargasii">Fregirardia vargasii</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum mendax" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mendax">Capsicum mendax</taxonomicName>
(Van Heurck &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
.Arg.) J.F.Macbr., Candollea 5: 402. 1934. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum mendax" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mendax">Solanum mendax</taxonomicName>
Van Heurck &amp; 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Müll">Muell</normalizedToken>
. Arg.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus haughtii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haughtii">Brachistus haughtii</taxonomicName>
Svenson, Amer. J. Bot. 33: 481, t. 19, f. 2. 1946. Type. Peru. Piura: summit of Cerro Prieto, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="4" direction="south" minutes="45" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-4.75">4°45'S</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="81" direction="west" minutes="15" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="-81.25">81°15'W</geoCoordinate>
, 2500 ft elev., 28/30 Mar 1941, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O. Haught &amp; H.K. Svenson 11621</emphasis>
(holotype: BKL [BKL00004328]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum pringlei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pringlei">Capsicum pringlei</taxonomicName>
(S.Watson) J.F.Macbr. &amp; Standl., Publ. Field 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Polychaeta" family="Solanaceae" genus="Mus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Mus</taxonomicName>
. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 173. 1936. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus pringlei" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pringlei">Brachistus pringlei</taxonomicName>
S.Watson.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus vargasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vargasii">Brachistus vargasii</taxonomicName>
(Dunal) Pittier, Cat. Fl. Venez. [Pittier] 2: 358. 1947. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Fregirardia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fregirardia vargasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="vargasii">Fregirardia vargasii</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum haughtii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haughtii">Capsicum haughtii</taxonomicName>
(Svenson) J.F.Macbr., Publ. Field 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Polychaeta" family="Solanaceae" genus="Mus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mus" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">Mus</taxonomicName>
. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13 (V-B, 1): 72. 1962. Type. Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Brachistus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Brachistus haughtii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="haughtii">Brachistus haughtii</taxonomicName>
Svenson.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Based on 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia rhomboidea" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboidea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Witheringia rhomboidea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Dunal.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erect, slender and sprawling shrubs or rarely trees (0.5-) 2-3 (-5) m tall, with the main stem 1.8-2.5 cm in diameter at base, profusely branched above, the branches erect or decumbent. Young stems terete or slightly angled, somewhat rigid, glabrous or sparsely to densely pubescent with white or rarely ochraceous, antrorse or spreading, simple, uniseriate, eglandular trichomes 0.3-0.9 mm long or furcate to 3-5-branched (or more) trichomes 0.2-0.8 (-1.5) mm long; nodes green; bark of older stems longitudinally ridged, grey, dark brown or brownish-purple; lenticels abundant, white or light brown. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair unequal in size and similar or dissimilar in shape. Leaves membranous, discolorous, dark green, slightly glossy above, dull light green, with the primary vein raised beneath, moderately pubescent to glabrous adaxially, moderately to densely pubescent abaxially, with similar antrorse trichomes like those of the stems, sometimes a tuft of trichomes in the vein axils beneath; blades of major leaves (4-) 4.8-12 cm long, 2-5 cm wide, ovate, elliptic or rhomboid-ovate, the major veins 4-6 on each side of mid-vein, the base attenuate or truncate, sometimes asymmetric, the margins entire, the apex acute or obtuse-acuminate; petioles 0.5-1.5 (-1.8) cm, with moderate to dense pubescence of spreading trichomes; blades of minor leaves 2-3 cm long, 1.5-2.5 cm wide, ovate or rhomboid-ovate, the major veins 3-4 on each side of mid-vein, the base short-attenuate, the margins entire, the apex acute or obtuse; petioles 0.3-0.8 cm with similar pubescence as major leaves. Inflorescences axillary, 3-8 (-13)-flowers per axil, rarely solitary; flowering pedicels (8-) 11-28 mm, terete or slightly striate, pendent, non-geniculate at anthesis, green, glabrescent to densely pubescent, the eglandular trichomes short or long, spreading or antrorse; pedicels scars conspicuous, corky. Buds globose, yellow or green. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 2.7-3.8 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, cup-shaped, green, glabrescent to densely pubescent with antrorse or spreading simple, furcate or dendritic trichomes 0.3-0.8 mm long, the calyx appendages usually five (rare 3-4), 0.9-3 mm long, subequal, erect or spreading, linear-subulate, 0.0-0.3 mm below the margin, with the same pubescence as the calyx tube. Corolla (5-) 6-10 mm long, (8-) 10-12 mm in diameter, yellow, sometimes tinged greenish outside and within, campanulate or campanulate-rotate with a wide interpetalar membrane connecting the lobes up to the distal end, hardly lobed, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, the tube (4.4-) 5.4-9 mm long, the lobes 0.6-1 mm long, 1.6-1.9 mm wide, broadly ovate, the margins finely ciliate, the tips cucullate, papillate. Stamens five, equal; filaments 1.2-2.3 mm long, pale yellow or light green, inserted on the corolla 1-1.3 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers (1.4-) 1.6-2.3 mm long, ellipsoid, pale yellow or yellow, not connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary 1.3-1.6 mm long, 1.2-1.3 mm in diameter, greenish-white, ovoid; ovules more than two per locule; nectary 0.5-0.6 mm tall; styles homomorphic, 3.9-5.8 mm long, barely exserted beyond the anthers, pale yellow, clavate; stigma 0.25-0.5 mm long, 0.4-0.6 mm wide, usually bilobed, light green. Berry 5-9 mm in diameter, globose or globose-depressed, green when immature, bright red turning dark burgundy at maturity, non-pungent, the pericarp thick, opaque, lacking giant cells (endocarp smooth); stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels 15-35 mm long, pendent, terete or angled, widened distally, green; fruiting calyx 4-5 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, discoid, green, the appendages 3-6 mm long, spreading or reflexed. Seeds 24-60 per fruit, 2.4-2.8 mm long, 1.8-2.2 mm wide, C-shaped, reniform, rarely teardrop-shaped, dark brown, rarely light brown, the seed coat reticulate (SM), reticulate-cerebelloid (SEM), the cells irregular in shape, the lateral walls mostly sinuate, wavy at margins; embryo annular or imbricate.</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure112" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695527" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 112" startId="F112">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 112.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
reproductive branch 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
calyx 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
eglandular trichome of the calyx 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
branched trichomes of the calyx 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
glandular trichome of the abaxial surface of the calyx 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
sector of opened corolla 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
eglandular trichome of the corolla lobes 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
gynoecium 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
fruit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
fruit, in cross section 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
anatomical detail of the pericarp (note the absence of giant cells in the mesocarp) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
seed 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
seed, in cross section 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
structure of seed coat at the seed margin 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Q</emphasis>
structure of seed coat at the seed body 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R</emphasis>
embryo 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Parra V. 089</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-D, G-J</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Moore 3831</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E, F</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Haught &amp; Svenson 11621</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K-R</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Acosta 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Solís">Solis</normalizedToken>
14234
</emphasis>
. Drawn by N. de Flury. Published in 
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="- G, Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B207" refString="Hunziker, AT, 2001. Genera Solanacearum. The genera of Solanaceae illustrated, arranged according to a new system. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. -G, Ruggell" title="Genera Solanacearum. The genera of Solanaceae illustrated, arranged according to a new system. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K." year="2001">Hunziker (2001)</bibRefCitation>
, reproduced with permission.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure113" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695528" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 113" startId="F113">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 113.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
plant 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
main stem with lenticels flower buds 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
branch showing leaf pair dissimilar in shape and size 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
reproductive branch 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
flower bud 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
flower, in lateral view 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
flower, seen from behind 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, J</emphasis>
flower, in front view, showing connivent and not connivent anthers, respectively 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
node with a pendent flower and pedicels scars 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
mature fruits 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, J</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Barboza &amp; Leiva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
4854
</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, D-F</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Leiva 
<normalizedToken originalValue="González">Gonzalez</normalizedToken>
6585
</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C, G</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al. 5050</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H, I, K</emphasis>
from 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M. Scaldaferro 73</emphasis>
. Photos by G.E. Barboza.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed from Mexico and Central America to northern Peru (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 114" captionStartId="F114" captionText="Figure 114. Distribution of C. rhomboideum and C. schottianum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure114" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695529" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">114</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure114" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695529" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 114" startId="F114">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 114.</emphasis>
Distribution of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rhomboideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. schottianum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="schottianum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. schottianum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is ecologically adapted to different vegetation formations, but grows mostly in xerophytic thickets and dry forests or in tropical deciduous forests, at 250-2,500 (-3,000) m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering and fruiting all year.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
2 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
= 2x = 26 (
<bibRefCitation author="Pickersgill, B" editor="Pochard, E" journalOrPublisher="Comptes Rendues 3 eme Congres Eucarpia Piment. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Montfavet-Avignon" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="27 - 37" refId="B369" refString="Pickersgill, B, 1977. Chromosomes and evolution in Capsicum. In: Pochard, E, Ed., Capsicum 77. Comptes Rendues 3eme Congres Eucarpia Piment. INRA (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique), Montfavet-Avignon: 27 - 37" title="Chromosomes and evolution in Capsicum." volumeTitle="Capsicum 77." year="1977">Pickersgill 1977</bibRefCitation>
, as 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ciliatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ciliatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ciliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae (ISHS)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 170" refId="B317" refString="Moscone, EA, Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Cecchini, NM, Sanchez Garcia, Y, Jarret, R, Davina, JR, Ducasse, DA, Barboza, GE, Ehrendorfer, F, 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 745: 137 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" title="The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective." url="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" volume="745" year="2007">Moscone et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9867-x" author="Scaldaferro, MA" journalOrPublisher="Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="693 - 709" refId="B428" refString="Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Moscone, EA, 2013. Heterochromatin type, amount and distribution in wild species of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae). Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 60 (2): 693 - 709, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9867-x" title="Heterochromatin type, amount and distribution in wild species of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10722-012-9867-x" volume="60" year="2013">Scaldaferro et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colombia</emphasis>
: Tinto (Norte de Santander, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Garganta 857</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecuador</emphasis>
: 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Arrayán">Arrayan</normalizedToken>
(Chimborazo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
15714
</emphasis>
), Motupe (Imbabura, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vivar C. s.n.</emphasis>
), Caspi morocho (Chimborazo, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scolnik 1594</emphasis>
), Hierva dura (Carchi, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
11092
</emphasis>
), Hierba mora (Pichincha, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
6953
</emphasis>
), 7 varas (Pichincha, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
13171
</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">El Salvador</emphasis>
: Mora silvestre (San Miguel, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Villacorta et al. 2819</emphasis>
), Veranera silvestre (
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ahuachapán">Ahuachapan</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sandoval 308</emphasis>
), Arito de 
<normalizedToken originalValue="niña">nina</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ahuachapán">Ahuachapan</normalizedToken>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sandoval 550</emphasis>
); 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Venezuela</emphasis>
: Cachimbito (Distrito Federal, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Buschel s.n.</emphasis>
),
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="indigenous name">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Indigenous name.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mexico.</emphasis>
Tumaltez (Tzeltal, Chiapas, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Alonso 
<normalizedToken originalValue="Méndez">Mendez</normalizedToken>
7709
</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecuador</emphasis>
. Long stems are used to make drum hoops (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Cerón">Ceron</normalizedToken>
13171
</emphasis>
). Used in medicine (see Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Medicinal uses attributed to Capsicum species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/0EA09D0128E47907025CB96BFC187AD1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" tableUuid="0EA09D0128E47907025CB96BFC187AD1">3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
EOO (7,747,997.619 km2); AOO (1,964 km2). 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widespread from Mexico to Peru; we assign the Least Concern (LC) status.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
belongs to the Andean clade (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
Carrizo 
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
et al. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). This species is one of the most polymorphic and widespread and has the largest synonymy of all the wild species of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum rhomboideum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is distinctive by its habit (shrubs or trees up to 5 m tall), the dark brown or brownish-purple bark with abundant lenticels, inflorescences up to 13-flowered, campanulate or campanulate-rotate yellow corollas, relatively small (5-9 mm in diameter) bright red turning dark burgundy non-pungent fruits, small dark brown seeds (2.4-2.8 mm long) and a mixture of simple and branched pubescence (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 113" captionStartId="F113" captionText="Figure 113. Capsicum rhomboideum A plant B main stem with lenticels flower buds C branch showing leaf pair dissimilar in shape and size D reproductive branch E flower bud F flower, in lateral view G flower, seen from behind H, J flower, in front view, showing connivent and not connivent anthers, respectively I node with a pendent flower and pedicels scars K mature fruits A, J from Barboza &amp; Leiva Gonzalez 4854 B, D-F from Leiva Gonzalez 6585 C, G from Barboza et al. 5050 H, I, K from M. Scaldaferro 73. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure113" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695528" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">113</figureCitation>
). While the reproductive characters are usually consistent along its wide distribution, the pubescence and leaf shape are the most variable features in 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rhomboideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, this variation being responsible for the many different names given to this species. Some populations are densely pubescent with only simple eglandular trichomes or with both simple and branched trichomes, while others vary from moderately pubescent to glabrescent (a few, completely glabrous). Simple eglandular trichomes range from 3-8 (-11) cells, whereas branched trichomes can be furcate or variously 3-5 (or more)-branched (many branches in different directions). Highly branched trichomes are uncommon in the genus, this character also occurring in a few Brazilian species (e.g. 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. longidentatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="longidentatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. longidentatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. parviflorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="parviflorum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. parviflorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X583718" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="768 - 781" refId="B37" refString="Barboza, GE, Agra, MF, Romero, MV, Scaldaferro, MA, Moscone, EA, 2011. New endemic species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the Brazilian caatinga: comparison with the re-circumscribed C. parvifolium. Systematic Botany 36 (3): 768 - 781, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X583718" title="New endemic species of Capsicum (Solanaceae) from the Brazilian caatinga: comparison with the re-circumscribed C. parvifolium." url="https://doi.org/10.1600/036364411X583718" volume="36" year="2011">Barboza et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
). Leaf shape ranges from ovate, elliptic to rhomboid-ovate and, in some cases, the dissimilarity in size of the leaf pair is not obvious.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Amongst the various names coined by 
<bibRefCitation author="Kunth, KS" journalOrPublisher="Cramer, Weinheim" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B249" refString="Kunth, KS, 1818. Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.) [H.B.K.] Vol. 3. J. Cramer, Weinheim" title="Nova Genera et Species Plantarum (quarto ed.) [H. B. K.] Vol. 3. J." year="1818">Kunth (1818)</bibRefCitation>
under 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Witheringia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(two of them here recognised as synonyms of 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rhomboideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) is 
<taxonomicName genus="W." lsidName="W. ciliata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ciliata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">W. ciliata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, on which 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum ciliatum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ciliatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum ciliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was based (
<bibRefCitation author="Kuntze, CEO" journalOrPublisher="Arthur Felix, Leipzig; Dulau &amp; Co., London" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B250" refString="Kuntze, CEO, 1891. Revisio generum plantarum. Vol. 2. Arthur Felix, Leipzig; Dulau &amp; Co., London" title="Revisio generum plantarum. Vol. 2." year="1891">Kuntze 1891</bibRefCitation>
). Although the name 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. ciliatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="ciliatum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. ciliatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been widely used in literature (
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Darwiniana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B197" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1956. Synopsis of the genus Capsicum. Huitieme Congres International de Botanique. Paris. Comptes Rendus des Seances, Rapports et Communications 1954, sect.4: 73-74." title="Synopsis of the genus Capsicum. Huitieme Congres International de Botanique. Paris. Comptes Rendus des Seances, Rapports et Communications 1954, sect. 4: 73 - 74." year="1956">Hunziker 1956</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="241 - 259" refId="B201" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1971. Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte. Kurtziana 6: 241 - 259" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte." volume="6" year="1971">1971</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="D'Arcy, WG" journalOrPublisher="Baileya" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="93 - 105" refId="B103" refString="D'Arcy, WG, Eshbaugh, WH, 1974. New World Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae) North of Colombia: A Resume. Baileya 19 (3): 93 - 105" title="New World Peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae) North of Colombia: A Resume." volume="19" year="1974">
<normalizedToken originalValue="D’Arcy">D'Arcy</normalizedToken>
and Eshbaugh 1974
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Molina, RA" journalOrPublisher="Ceiba" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 118" refId="B302" refString="Molina, RA, 1975. Enumeracion de las plantas de Honduras. Ceiba 19 (1): 1 - 118" title="Enumeracion de las plantas de Honduras." volume="19" year="1975">Molina 1975</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Nee, M" journalOrPublisher="Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B325" refString="Nee, M, 1986. Solanaceae I. Fl. Veracruz 49. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bioticos, Xalapa, Veracruz" title="Solanaceae I. Fl. Veracruz 49." year="1986">Nee 1986</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Mitchell, C" journalOrPublisher="International Organization of Plant Biosystematists Newsletter" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="3 - 11" refId="B299" refString="Mitchell, C, Eshbaugh, WH, Wilson, KG, Pittman, BK, 1989. Patterns of chloroplast DNA variations in Capsicum (Solanaceae): A preliminary study. International Organization of Plant Biosystematists Newsletter 12: 3 - 11" title="Patterns of chloroplast DNA variations in Capsicum (Solanaceae): A preliminary study." volume="12" year="1989">Mitchell et al. 1989</bibRefCitation>
), 
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. rhomboideum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="rhomboideum">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. rhomboideum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has priority and is the correct name for this entity (
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="- G, Ruggell" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B207" refString="Hunziker, AT, 2001. Genera Solanacearum. The genera of Solanaceae illustrated, arranged according to a new system. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K. -G, Ruggell" title="Genera Solanacearum. The genera of Solanaceae illustrated, arranged according to a new system. A. R. G. Gantner Verlag K." year="2001">Hunziker 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
We found in the P-Bonpland Herbarium a sheet (P00670656) that seems to be original material of 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Witheringia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Witheringia mollis" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mollis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Witheringia mollis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and this is selected as the lectotype.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>