246 lines
22 KiB
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246 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335" ID-GBIF-Dataset="fda9578f-8d92-481a-9603-77052b49b187" ID-PMC="PMC5674218" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-713-53" ID-PubMed="29134040" ID-ZBK="E23918ED2B3045F1BDF701480DFCCC36" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2017" ModsDocID="1313-2970-713-53" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 713" ModsDocTitle="Revision of the West Palaearctic Polistes Latreille, with the descriptions of two species an integrative approach using morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)" checkinTime="1509722104666" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Schmid-Egger, Christian, Achterberg, Kees van, Neumeyer, Rainer, Jerome Moriniere, & Schmidt, Stefan" docDate="2017" docId="3FA472B9480FD81A319DCCB466FFC0B7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 713: 53-112" docOrigin="ZooKeys 713" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335" docTitle="Polistes dominula" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="FFEFFFC06630F227E86BFFE9FFD9FB3D" masterDocTitle="Revision of the West Palaearctic Polistes Latreille, with the descriptions of two species an integrative approach using morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)" masterLastPageNumber="112" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1668165095195" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Revision of the West Palaearctic Polistes Latreille, with the descriptions of two species an integrative approach using morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Vespidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmid-Egger, Christian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Achterberg, Kees van</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Neumeyer, Rainer</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Jerome Moriniere,</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Schmidt, Stefan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>713</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>53</mods:start>
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<mods:end>112</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.713.11335</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-713-53</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">E23918ED2B3045F1BDF701480DFCCC36</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">E23918ED2B3045F1BDF701480DFCCC36</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="137233587" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3FA472B9480FD81A319DCCB466FFC0B7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3FA472B9480FD81A319DCCB466FFC0B7" lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="34" pageNumber="87">
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<subSubSection pageId="34" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="34" pageNumber="87">
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<taxonomicName authority="Christ" class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes dominula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="34" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominula">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="34" pageNumber="87" start="start">Polistes</pageBreakToken>
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dominula (Christ)
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</taxonomicName>
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Figs 10 12
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="35" pageNumber="88" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Vespa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Vespa dominula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominula">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="35" pageNumber="88" start="start">Vespa</pageBreakToken>
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dominula
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</taxonomicName>
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Christ, 1791, Naturgesch. Insect.: 229 232 + Taf. 21, fig. 1. Types (+,>) lost, type locality: Kronenberg an der Hoh [Kronberg im Taunus], Germany.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes italica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="italica">Polistes italica</taxonomicName>
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Herrich-Schaffer, 1840, Nomencl. Entomol. 2: 196. Nomen nudum.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes pectoralis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pectoralis">Polistes pectoralis</taxonomicName>
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Herrich-Schaffer, 1841, Fauna Insect. German. 179: 39 Type (>) lost, type locality: Italien [Italy].
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gallica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gallica">Polistes gallica</taxonomicName>
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var. Lefebvrei Guerin, 1844, Iconographie du regne animal de G. Cuvier 3: 447 + Pl. 72, Fig. 6. type repository unknown, type locality: Egypt.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes maculatus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="maculatus">Polistes maculatus</taxonomicName>
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Rudow, 1889, Societas Entomologica 3: 171. Uncounted syntypes (type depository unknown), type locality Smyrna [Izmir], Turkey. The nest (befestigt an einem Schilfrohrstengel [attached on a reed stalk]) from where the syntypes were taken puts this synonymy in doubt.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polistes</taxonomicName>
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Merceti Dusmet, 1903, Memorias de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natural 2 (3): 146 (key), 149. Holotype male (not examined), type locality: Los Molinos, Madrid (Spain).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gallicus var. rufescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="gallicus" variety="rufescens">Polistes gallicus var. rufescens</taxonomicName>
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du Buysson, 1912, Annales d Histoire Naturelle Delegation en Perse II. Entomol. 1: 79. No type designated, neither type locality nor type depository mentioned. No specimens labelled as
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Vespidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes gallicus var. rufescens" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="gallicus" variety="rufescens">Polistes gallicus var. rufescens</taxonomicName>
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exist at the MNHN (Paris).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="88">Remarks and genetic data.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="88">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes dominula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominula">Polistes dominula</taxonomicName>
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and the reinstated closely related species
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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show high levels of variation in their colour patterns. Previously, both taxa were treated as a single species (
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<bibRefCitation author="Gusenleitner, J" journalOrPublisher="Nachrichtenblatt Bayerischer Entomologen" pageId="50" pageNumber="103" pagination="112 - 119" title="Bemerkenswertes uber Faltenwespen VI." volume="25" year="1976">Gusenleitner 1976</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Carpenter, JM" journalOrPublisher="American Museum Novitates" pageId="50" pageNumber="103" pagination="1 - 39" title="Distributional checklist of species of the genus Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae; Polistinae, Polistini)." volume="3188" year="1996">Carpenter 1996</bibRefCitation>
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). Our study revealed the presence of six genetic clusters for the two species, all of which were assigned different BINs by the BOLD system, viz. 1) Morocco, 2) SW to Central Europe (subsequently referred to as western cluster), 3) SE to C Europe (subsequently referred to as eastern cluster), 4) Crete, 5) Cyprus to Azerbaijan, and 6) Azerbaijan (Table 1, Suppl. material 2: NJ tree with clusters 1 6 indicated by numbers next to each cluster). In both, the neighbour-joining and the phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 58, see below),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bucharensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucharensis">Polistes bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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is nested within the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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cluster.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="35" pageNumber="88">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="88">
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Figure 57.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes semenowi" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="semenowi">Polistes semenowi</taxonomicName>
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. Lectotype female, habitus, lateral aspect, and labels. Photo: K. Samartsev.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="35" pageNumber="88">
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="88">Figure 58. Phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian analysis of COI sequence data. Number in brackets after terminal branch labels (Process ID) indicate number of haplotype sequences. Numbers on branches denote posterior probability values (omitted for branches within species).</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="35" pageNumber="88">
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Two of these clusters (2 and 3) occur in Europe. The current data indicate for cluster 2 a south-western European distribution although we could only examine one specimen from France and records from Spain still are missing. The cluster occurs over whole Germany and it is close to the cluster of Morocco (1). The other European cluster (3) includes specimens from Greece and Azerbaijan and seems to have a more south-eastern distribution. It covers whole Germany with the westernmost records from the Aosta valley in the Italian Alps. This cluster is genetically closer to
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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than to the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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clusters (1) and (2) from the western area and consequently we treat specimens from Crete as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="35" pageNumber="88" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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(see above).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="36" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="35" pageNumber="88">
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The high intraspecific variation (Table 1) and presence of multiple BINs could be the result of several species being present. However, specimens from NW Africa
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<pageBreakToken pageId="36" pageNumber="89" start="start">and</pageBreakToken>
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Europe are very similar and indistinguishable by morphology or colour pattern. Furthermore, Neumeyer at al. (2014) found no sufficient differences in the ITS1 gene between the European clusters 2 and 3. We therefore refrain from describing each cluster as a new species until further evidence is available.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bucharensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucharensis">Polistes bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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with its eastern clusters (3 6) is genetically closer to the eastern clusters of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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(1, 2). However, specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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are clearly separated by colour pattern and male morphology from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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, supporting the notion that they represent distinct species.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="89">
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The population of Crete seems to be isolated from the remaining populations for a long period, and the common ancestor probably came from the
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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lineage.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="89">
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Because of this result, we follow the concept of morphospecies here and treat
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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as a valid species, separated from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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s. str. by genetics, morphology, and colour pattern.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes dominula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dominula">Polistes dominula</taxonomicName>
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is the most common
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polistes</taxonomicName>
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species in Europe. The female is characterised by a mostly or entirely yellow sternite VI in combination with an orange apical half of the antenna. The yellow band on the temple behind the eye in lateral view is interrupted in nearly all examined specimens, except in some from southern Greece and from Tunisia. The clypeal pattern is variable. Populations from Central Europe usually have an all yellow clypeus, most specimens from southern Europe and some from southern Central Europe (e.g. southern Germany) have one or two black medial spots, or a band on the clypeus medially (Figs 38, 39).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="89">
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The female of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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can be confused with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. associus" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="associus">P. associus</taxonomicName>
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(see key to species) and with
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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in western Asia.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Eumenidae" genus="Polistes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polistes bucharensis" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bucharensis">Polistes bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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always has a completely yellow clypeus in combination with a continuous band on the temple behind the eyes. This band is interrupted in most specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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, and the clypeus has often (about two-thirds of examined specimens) black spots or a band in females from southern Europe. For specimens from Crete, see under
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="36" pageNumber="89">
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The male of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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is characterised by the orange apical half of antenna in combination with the lack of any impressions or ridges on the clypeus. It can be distinguished from the similar
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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by a (partly or entire) yellow mesosternum; the latter is all black in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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. Also, the clypeus is laterally somewhat bulging in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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, and always without any elevations in
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="37" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="36" pageNumber="89">
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Some specimens of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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(identity confirmed by barcoding) from the Peloponnese (Greece) have some colour similarities of typical
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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(females with yellow clypeus and with wide yellow band on temple, males with mesosternum entirely black) and resemble
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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. However, the yellow band on the temple is medially constricted, and the yellow band above the antennal sockets is isolated from both lateral bands. In addition, the mesopleural sculpture is finer than that of typical
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
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. We therefore regard these specimens as pale form of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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at the SE border of its distribution area. The specimens from Greece occur together with typically coloured
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="36" pageNumber="89" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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(females: clypeus with large black spot or band, band on temple interrupted; males: mesosternum partly or all yellow). A female from Tunisia
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<pageBreakToken pageId="37" pageNumber="90" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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Dougga) agrees in colour pattern with the above-described pale females from Greece and likely belongs to the same whitish form of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="37" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="90">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="90">
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NW Africa, C and S Europe as far north as Latvia, but missing in Great Britain, Scandinavia, Crete and Cyprus. Introduced to Australia, North America (including Canada,
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<bibRefCitation author="Buck, M" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Klasse fur Chemie, Geologie und Biologie" pageId="49" pageNumber="102" url="https://doi.org/10.3752/cjai.2008.05" year="2008">Buck et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and South America. The species has also been recorded from central and eastern Palaearctic regions and from India (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="37" pageNumber="90">Guiglia 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These records need confirmation, because they may belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The easternmost records that we could examine are from western Turkey and from Azerbaijan. However, it can be expected that the species occurs farther east in Russia or Central Asia. One examined female from Egypt is clearly
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. bucharensis" pageId="37" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="bucharensis">P. bucharensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. dominula" pageId="37" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="dominula">P. dominula</taxonomicName>
|
||
probably does not occur in NE Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="37" pageNumber="90" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="90">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="37" pageNumber="90">Europe: Examined from most countries in Central and S Europe. Asia: Turkey (Termessos/Antalya), Azerbaijan. Africa: Morocco, Tunisia.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |