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<document id="EB56059A5E2AFF6164F1C0C423484DEB" ID-CLB-Dataset="35264" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.567.7212" ID-GBIF-Dataset="728b01bf-aa02-4acf-9d1f-9164c114f5a2" ID-PMC="PMC4829695" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-567-1" ID-PubMed="27103869" ID-ZooBank="6C7EADF3055D4219909EE37D218171FD" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1313-2970-567-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 567" ModsDocTitle="The genus Litophyton Forskål, 1775 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Nephtheidae) in the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean" checkinTime="1456222814710" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="van Ofwegen, Leen P." docDate="2016" docId="3F4BE46B349884393023F6E4C09DAC1E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 567: 1-128" docOrigin="ZooKeys 567" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.567.7212" docTitle="Litophyton savignyi Ehrenberg 1834" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="19" masterDocId="CF1B4455FFF1345BAD40FFD7FFCED220" masterDocTitle="The genus Litophyton Forskal, 1775 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Nephtheidae) in the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="128" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="15" updateTime="1701374539268" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="727856BEC486CE21504D86012DB5F9D8">The genus Litophyton Forskal, 1775 (Octocorallia, Alcyonacea, Nephtheidae) in the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="CA89B0E7D660D54469EE35BA2075E348">van Ofwegen, Leen P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:identifier id="D3188CB1CFCC4E86D2088DADC7856C5D" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.567.7212</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3F4BE46B349884393023F6E4C09DAC1E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127872322" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F4BE46B349884393023F6E4C09DAC1E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F4BE46B349884393023F6E4C09DAC1E" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<subSubSection id="A876BA7C9F8F94AEFD8D0D02E64F7276" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="multiple">
<paragraph id="C6B49CDBF40625CD619E6A5891672197" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<pageBreakToken id="FABDB7871A4A550492CAB68D3CE1177E" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
classification Animalia Alcyonacea Nephtheidae
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A0F676DE243F0A2D9F9F89E336101ED6" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="076F97E4E59577F1FB3AA6418063A23D" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="E30B18010AB8266341888676B2E35CAD" ID-CoL="3VMD5" authority="Ehrenberg, 1834" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1834" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Litophyton? savignyi (Ehrenberg, 1834)</taxonomicName>
Figures 1A, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="90E1F4AEBDF319D8D7E4DE9FD795F8C8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="0CF2644621018176FDB947A36FE208E8" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="7ECAB906E75CEE06E20DB008FFE9B0F9" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthya Savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="Savignyi">
<pageBreakToken id="65FD7B3087DFDABA64F05A06737218CE" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" start="start">Nephthya</pageBreakToken>
Savignyi
</taxonomicName>
Ehrenberg, 1834: 284 (Red Sea).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="981AD9697231676BC7C5A1573BCEA381" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="DFE51C868A85EB183FE6D24397288406" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Spongodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongodes Savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="Savignyi">Spongodes Savignyi</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C1F7F3733246EA32642366C0BF615CC4" author="Klunzinger, CB" journalOrPublisher="Verlag der Gutmann'schen Buchhandlung (Otto Enslin), Berlin" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" title="Die Korallthiere des Rothen Meeres. I. Die Alcyonarien und Malacodermen" year="1877">Klunzinger 1877</bibRefCitation>
: 35 (Koseir).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3B6208F935828034C6DC1F02AE57807C" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="2C1CB96727CBF563499AA81B91AAF77C" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Dendronephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendronephthya savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Dendronephthya savignyi</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="7AF04B49BB7ED79C78088473A8769F47" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Syst.)" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="503 - 726" title="Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonaceen. 2. Die Familie der Nephthyiden. 2 Teil. Die Gattungen Dendronephthya n. g. und Stereonephthya n. g." volume="21" year="1905">
<normalizedToken id="B52C3FF65C68DD5AAD9724A4978FD374" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1905
</bibRefCitation>
: 528. (Red Sea, Koseir, Tor);
<bibRefCitation id="7164E50FB66B705ACCCB3AC4422942BB" author="McFadden, CS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="19 - 31" title="Limitations of mitochondrial gene barcoding in the cnidarian sub-class Octocorallia." url="10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02875.x" volume="11" year="2011">McFadden et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
: 25.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0979C3A387D03302D9D81A53D342E604" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="22105FD64247890389A9B01028B4FAAE" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Spongodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongodes albida" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">Spongodes albida</taxonomicName>
Holm, 1894: 30 (Red Sea, Gulf of Suez).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ECA14BD219A83277D21978D81911D0C1" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="09AC619B66D888829C165DC1CAB8EA09" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthya albida" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">Nephthya albida</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="CC064F2ECB40EFD506648831468067FE" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische (Syst.)" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="99 - 178" title="Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonarien. 2. Die Familie der Nephthyiden 1. Theil." volume="19" year="1903">
<normalizedToken id="E5AC33FD4A04452F99DE4DFCBF91DCFB" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
1903
</bibRefCitation>
: 160;
<bibRefCitation id="D516E05C627644CC783367A0B571B208" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Society London" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="48 - 75" title="Reports on the marine biology of the Sudanese Red Sea. - VII. The Alcyonarians. Journal of the Linnean." volume="31" year="1908">Thomson and Mcqueen 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 59.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA0FCE8F6FB79550ABB15B77A3651068" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="96C95208E1283B9810678F957736A941" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Litophyton? savignyi</taxonomicName>
Not
<taxonomicName id="EAE830007E3B2D44EECAC446AADB08CA" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthya albida" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">Nephthya albida</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="062524DAE14D82C48E208C8468EA9FE4" author="Thomson, JA" journalOrPublisher="Siboga Expedition monographs" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 227" title="The Alcyonacea of the Siboga Expedition with an addendum to the Gorgonacea." volume="13 d" year="1931">Thomson and Dean 1931</bibRefCitation>
: 82 (Indonesia).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BB2CEF934BFF40EFB64231D3DD9DEEE3" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="BAFD22F3361DA45409F174B29791C89B" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Litophyton? savignyi</taxonomicName>
Not
<taxonomicName id="93E741D133B67BBD85B20CEB7E19F5A2" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthea albida" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">Nephthea albida</taxonomicName>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2A4D1DE25DC5733CD48E30FF388DFB29" author="Roxas, HA" journalOrPublisher="Philippine Journal of Science" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="345 - 470" title="Philippine Alcyonaria, II. The Families Alcyoniidae and Nephthyidae." volume="50" year="1933">Roxas 1933</bibRefCitation>
: 413;
<bibRefCitation id="8B6FB34DD7DBD19EFAE4F8B1000186D1" author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Verhandelingen Leiden" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="1 - 109" title="Biological Results of the Snellius Expedition XXII. Octocorallia from the Malay Archipelago (Part II)." volume="80" year="1966">Verseveldt 1966</bibRefCitation>
: 9 (Indonesia);
<bibRefCitation id="A4066D0263F935ECC1906DF282645630" author="Tixier-Durivault, A" journalOrPublisher="L'Expedition francaise sur les recifs coralliens de la Nouvelle-Caledonie" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="171 - 350" title="Les Octocoralliaires de Nouvelle-Caledonie." volume="4" year="1970 b">Tixier-Durivault 1970b</bibRefCitation>
: 298 (New Caledonia);
<bibRefCitation id="E76A45DE99AB6D461DFCEB307E2CAD79" author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="95 - 122" title="Octocorallia from new Caledonia." volume="48" year="1974 a">Verseveldt 1974a</bibRefCitation>
: 96 (New Caledonia, listed); 1976: 499;
<bibRefCitation id="D0534814D78A6ED20258B69B0C829E32" author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="171 - 240" title="Australian Octocorallia (Coelenterata)." url="10.1071/MF9770171" volume="28" year="1977 c">1977c</bibRefCitation>
: 175 (John Brewer Reef, Townsville, Qld, Australia; listed only); 1978: 50 (Pacific); Imahara 1991: 74 (Kerama Islands, Ryukyu Isl., Japan);
<bibRefCitation id="EA950D97EEF6B1F9395412CD0BFC6FD4" author="Imahara, Y" journalOrPublisher="Precious Corals &amp; Octocoral Research" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="17 - 44" title="Previously recorded octocorals from Japan and adjacent seas." volume="4 - 5" year="1996">1996</bibRefCitation>
: 25 (listed);
<bibRefCitation id="0D0B67415E23D3ACD26F0AB70248B3F4" author="Ofwegen, LP van" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Mededelingen Leiden" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="207 - 215" title="Octocorallia from the Bismarck Sea (part 2)." volume="70" year="1996">Ofwegen 1996</bibRefCitation>
: 209 (Papua New Guinea).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="149563C0799853AB8FF751D1F5B5EEEA" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="B1502F4F260772CF07A2D18FFFA8FE03" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthya jaegerskioeldi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaegerskioeldi">Nephthya jaegerskioeldi</taxonomicName>
Holm, 1904: 6 (Red Sea, Tor).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BC6234B3E0EDC0C662C43EE9607F1F52" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="A80BF9BBD6EA8C43BDEF693B0AC3F7D4" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthea aberrans" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aberrans">Nephthea aberrans</taxonomicName>
Verseveldt, 1968: 54 (Tany Kely, near Nosy
<normalizedToken id="799005D79E2077E8544F251B378E3AAA" originalValue="Bé">Be</normalizedToken>
, Madagascar);
<bibRefCitation id="CA840ED29261CEAF0FB86221C39D30A7" author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Amsterdam" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="69 - 171" title="Octocorallia from north-western Madagascar (Part IIIa-d)." volumeTitle="Proceedings Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
: 96 (Tany Kely, near Nosy
<normalizedToken id="41ED45A85BBF68F8ACB970AC043B7C93" originalValue="Bé">Be</normalizedToken>
, Madagascar; re-description).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="643D71B905768FBBAB39BFFE7C358BA4" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
<taxonomicName id="ECB3C2DD8FA645A575FA2A7673475174" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthea tixierae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tixierae">Nephthea tixierae</taxonomicName>
Verseveldt, 1968: 55 (Nosy Ovy, Radama Is., Madagascar);
<bibRefCitation id="A2C99820D6BE8F80022C0D79BC38DA72" author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Amsterdam" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="69 - 171" title="Octocorallia from north-western Madagascar (Part IIIa-d)." volumeTitle="Proceedings Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen" year="1973">1973</bibRefCitation>
: 94 (Nosy Ovy, Radama Is., Madagascar; re-description);
<bibRefCitation id="B9FD7D9E012118A523A610CB8D8DF0CC" author="Tixier-Durivault, A" journalOrPublisher="Tethys" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="11 - 68" title="Nouvel rapport d'octocoralliaires de Madagascar et des iles avoisinantes." volume="3" year="1972">Tixier-Durivault 1972</bibRefCitation>
: 26 (Madagascar).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="185A0751CE316F22045730935D901352" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="5E7614D0B28B9E671EE8DF481958B571" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A602768135E791D8E27058CB51216484" lastPageId="16" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="15" pageNumber="16">
NHMW 2407, 2 specimens, Red Sea, Tor, Frauenfeld; UUZM 417, type
<taxonomicName id="6C53C355BCA2C55CB8F06257AAD884C0" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthya jaegerskioeldi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaegerskioeldi">Nephthya jaegerskioeldi</taxonomicName>
, Red Sea, Tor, depth 0.5-0.65 m; RMNH Coel. 3906,
<taxonomicName id="EDE93166D06B8744D8E092D6239D87A4" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthea aberrans" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aberrans">Nephthea aberrans</taxonomicName>
, holotype, Tany Kely, Madagascar, depth 10 m; RMNH Coel. 3907,
<taxonomicName id="F8F0FD3F6B7A0F85F1B06CDA83D1328E" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthea tixierae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="15" pageNumber="16" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tixierae">Nephthea tixierae</taxonomicName>
, holotype, Nosy Ovy, depth 8 m; RMNH Coel. 8044, paratype, Nosy Ovy, depth 8 m, 9; RMNH Coel. 42087, Egypt, Safaga, sample 44, 5 April 1997, coll. G. Reinicke; ZMTAU Co 25685 1965, Red Sea, South tip Sinai, Shab Mahmud, depth 0-21 m, 12 July 1987, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 25688 1971, Red Sea, South tip Sinai, Shab Mahmud, 12 July 1987, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 25690 1979, Red Sea, South tip Sinai, Shab Mahmud, 12 July 1987, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 25825 1489, Red Sea, South tip Sinai, Shab Mahmud, depth 20-30 m, 9 July 1986, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 25829 1523, Red Sea, South tip Sinai, Shab Mahmud, depth 20-30 m, 9 July 1986, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 25833 1606, Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Shag Rock, depth 0-20 m, 10 July 1986, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 25840 1782, Red Sea, South tip Sinai, Tiran St., 13 July 1986, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 25861 2048, Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Shag Rock, depth 3-24 m, 14 July 1987, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 25878 1625, Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Shag Rock, depth 0-20 m, 10 July 1986, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 25983 2618, Red Sea, Tiran Straits, Gordon andThomas reef, depth 12-16 m, 27 March 1988, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26061 (2748), Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Shag Rock, 6 October 1988, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26062 (2750), Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Shag Rock, depth 10 m, 6 October 1988, coll. Y. Benayahu;
<pageBreakToken id="9D4E409572300B038D593A68A0CA510D" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" start="start">ZMTAU</pageBreakToken>
Co 26065 (2788), two specimens, Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Shag Rock, 7 October 1988, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26068 (2830), Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Shag Rock, depth 30 m, 7 October 1988, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26115 (3149), Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Tawilla Is., 24 September 1989, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26131 (3236), Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, near Shaduan Is., 26 September 1989, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26189, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Ras Mamlakh, coll. Y. Benayahu, 12 March 1981; ZMTAU Co 26198 (1046), Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Dahab southern oasis, depth 8 m, 4 November 1981, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26205 (1077), Red Sea, S tip of Sinai, S of Naama,
<normalizedToken id="F0F7EFBE64AD3B8A6E49D0B35E5BCE8D" originalValue="“Amphores”">&quot;Amphores&quot;</normalizedToken>
, depth 16-20 m, 7. November 1981, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU 26208 (1088), Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, El Goz, depth 2-5 m, 8 November 1981, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26210 (1089), Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Shurat el Manqata, depth 3-6 m, 9 November 1981, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26212 (1091), Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Shurat el Manqata reef flat, 9 November 1981, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26214 (1097), two specimens, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Naqeb Shahin, depth 25 m, 29 November 1981, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26217 (1114), South tip Sinai, Sharm a Sheikh.
<normalizedToken id="3550922A12529352CA39326EEAF6A55C" originalValue="“Amphores”">&quot;Amphores&quot;</normalizedToken>
, depth 20 m, 30 November 1981, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26219 (1118), Red Sea, S tip of Sinai, Naama garden, depth 30 m, 30 November 1981, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU 26233, Red Sea, Tiran Is., Favel Bay lagoon, depth 1-2 m, 22 September 1981, coll. Kerman; ZMTAU Co 26235, Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Ras Tanaka, 25 September 1974, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26245 (327), Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Taba km 179, depth 25 m, 9 October 1977, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26247 (350), Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Sheikh Riach, depth 5 m, 18 November 1977, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26248 (389), Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Sheikh Riach, depth 5 m, 18 November 1977, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU 26250 (446), Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Ras Gahra, depth 1 m, 29 November 1977, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26253 (470), Red Sea, South tip Sinai, Marsa Khadamia, depth 30 m, 22 November 1977, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 26254 (17923), Red Sea, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU NS 8295, Red Sea, Gulf of Suez, Ras Kanisa, 20 October 1971, coll. Fishelson; ZMTAU Co 30064, Eritrea,
<taxonomicName id="963DA063DB8D17A44EDF207B0322E98D" class="Anthozoa" family="Xeniidae" genus="Heteroxenia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Heteroxenia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Heteroxenia</taxonomicName>
bed near Eucus island,
<geoCoordinate id="92C259E1FA64D7099C2E906221F59551" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="15.8980665">15°53.884'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7BCFF993C5B865F5AABE61618D5BA97A" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="39.885685">39°53.141'E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 3.5 m, 29 April 1997, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 32965, Eritrea, Dahlak Archipelago, Shumma Is.,
<geoCoordinate id="9621B573EFB7E46B0758CA0665CEB4A1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="15.533334">15°32.00'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="449598E32FC87A5AFD8DA8E1F9C37AD2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="40.0">40°00.00'E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 8-12 m, 16 February 2005, coll. Y. Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 34205-34207, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, North Oil Jetty Elat,
<geoCoordinate id="0E56CCEAC8A98646A0AFB179B96AB7A8" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="29.5235">29°31.41'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3A2FBFEE4732B85ED41EB74EFF8B0ECB" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="9" value="34.935665">34°56.14'E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 15.2 m, 26 July 2007, coll. Y Benayahu; ZMTAU Co 34066-34067, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Elat,
<geoCoordinate id="3008FA36C58362993A31FA1D073F4DE6" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="29.502333">29°30.14'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="71895833939746D6FACB4C6B0F9B6930" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="34.917915">34°55.075'E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 18.3-22.9 m, 23 July 2007, coll. Y. Benayahu.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="25BFF6A53E279C6A56AF04F60578DFEE" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="removed from the species">
<paragraph id="58CC0734CE4297BF7B50EE070715AE85" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Removed from the species.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="500C8348023F75A849FB5F662606B4D7" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
RMNH Coel. 8956, Red Sea, Gulf of Aqaba, Fara 'un Isl., 7 January 1968, coll. Hebrew Univ.- Smiths. Red Sea project 65/SLR 1204 (identified as
<taxonomicName id="794142BDD8A18A198DE1530263624982" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthea albida" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">Nephthea albida</taxonomicName>
=
<taxonomicName id="80FEB01D6DEEDA940A8FE2972DD9A31E" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton chabrolii" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chabrolii">Litophyton chabrolii</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E629CB29469A817A1EC7566B03FED3A8" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="D9F272EF204F12EC22827DDA673F3565" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7AAA64ABB3AB0571C0C498E61D6F3AB5" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="746EBF38F01B2F617DBB86A9A683956C" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Litophyton</taxonomicName>
where the polyps have a projecting supporting bundle and make an acute angle with the polyp stalk.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="750E7E2CF2F0F7C028E884FB8272116C" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="description of nhmw 2407">
<paragraph id="8525781616494ADB44B36E1BD43D8F26" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Description of NHMW 2407.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="ABB9007E073A26D21CBBD5BE8B0F7F89" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">The colony is 3 cm high and wide, the colony stalk 2 cm high (Figure 50B).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="28DA30087527F44D4386976424A9CC4D" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
<pageBreakToken id="4812C6AB0E9F7AD08DFADAF7CCF646E8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" start="start">Polyps</pageBreakToken>
up to about 0.6 mm wide and high (Figure 52A). Supporting bundle projecting up to 0.7 mm, composed of 2-4 spindles (Figure 52A). These spindles are up to 3 mm long, with spines and projecting smooth tip (Figure 52D). Sclerites in polyp are irregularly distributed. Abaxial side of the polyp with curved spindles with spines or simple tubercles, up to 0.6 mm long, several with one smooth end (Figure 52B). Laterally less tuberculated spindles are present, up to 0.2 mm long (Figure 52B). Adaxially and in the tentacles flattened rodlets and ovals are present, up to 0.1 mm long (Figure 52C). The adaxial side of the polyp stalk has small rodlets, up to 0.05 mm long (Figure 52E). The amount of these rodlets varies per polyp, sometimes only a few are present (Figure 52A), others have the whole polyp stalk closely packed with them.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5ED965343193E5DE3F4A661460C83F8C" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Surface layer top of stalk. Spindles with simple tubercles, up to 2.5 mm long, some slightly unilaterally spinose.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A23D6C8D40DD88134C860792DE7E16A5" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Surface layer base of stalk. Spindles and unilaterally spinose spindles with simple tubercles, shorter than in the top of the stalk, up to 1.5 mm long. Furthermore small rodlets, several unilateral spinose; smaller branched spindles, radiates and derivatives of these (Figure 53A).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E49E7BC8C03EE54BE8D9364E858A71E3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Interior base of stalk. The larger interior spindles are not very different from the surface ones, only slightly less tuberculate (Figure 52F). They are up to 1.5 mm long. Smaller, branched bodies also occur (Figure 53B).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C9EC5EC97B0CCC7CB593C3A25DBFDC2" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Colour. Colony is white.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5628B88A1F268C5BDF8D86B5602DE494" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="AEA0AC10D3AF859C5189F522D83D641A" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BD3A96E9D6F8AE1426BA3EC599DF2A92" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Red Sea, Indian Ocean.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6871FC569A35C37AD44BC8E131F86456" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="variability">
<paragraph id="E9A0901255723CED843686203C5FA2F4" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Variability.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="BFC847BB2C3D4232F9F4B83B67A106D8" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
Most colonies examined have slender branches and resemble species of
<taxonomicName id="126ED2FC20C431FC47D6ACE42FA25468" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Stereonephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stereonephthya" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stereonephthya</taxonomicName>
(Figure 51
<normalizedToken id="483F95AE33443362E6B4EC433D960D12" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
); a few are more &quot;
<taxonomicName id="40416D7F63F6F52DFBF5A4F9307069A4" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Litophyton</taxonomicName>
-like&quot; (Figure 51C).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="008666675445C6717EF18C67C00ACED8" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="CAFA00490C3C55D3D7C0D4C1CDB46FE7" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="E1B7487FEF87A7F005B1C8A38CC97021" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
After the very short original description of
<taxonomicName id="16B3A3FEF7AE1A99402A27CC55C4C950" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthya savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Nephthya savignyi</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="AE9BE0F5EE89738510C7D5823B6EF4AA" author="Ehrenberg, CG" journalOrPublisher="Abhandlungen der Koeniglichen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin Aus dem Jahre 1832" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" pagination="225 - 380" title="Beitraege zur physiologischen Kenntniss der Corallenthiere im allgemeinen, und besonders des rothen Meeres, nebst einem Versuche zur physiologischen Systematik derselben." volume="Erster Theil" year="1834">Ehrenberg (1834</bibRefCitation>
: 60),
<bibRefCitation id="BDB80A673F5665B2BD76C82FA103130D" author="Klunzinger, CB" journalOrPublisher="Verlag der Gutmann'schen Buchhandlung (Otto Enslin), Berlin" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" title="Die Korallthiere des Rothen Meeres. I. Die Alcyonarien und Malacodermen" year="1877">Klunzinger (1877</bibRefCitation>
: 35) identified a specimen from Koseir (Red Sea), as
<taxonomicName id="18DF52A1C86676C78421BA24A73BAFC4" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Spongodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongodes" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Spongodes</taxonomicName>
(=
<taxonomicName id="18B6513E253517FC3D4A4939843F3A86" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Dendronephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendronephthya" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Dendronephthya</taxonomicName>
)
<taxonomicName id="04C294B840878052226BBA370ED22C5A" genus="Octocorallia" lsidName="Octocorallia savignyi" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species" species="savignyi">savignyi</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="9B40E06DE1D4AD5B9C4214EE1132C83E" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Syst.)" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="503 - 726" title="Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonaceen. 2. Die Familie der Nephthyiden. 2 Teil. Die Gattungen Dendronephthya n. g. und Stereonephthya n. g." volume="21" year="1905">
<normalizedToken id="5A54FA702E4E0A05F76BC73C1F1CAF5B" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
(1905
</bibRefCitation>
: 529) examined many specimens, 20 all together, including two specimens from the Berlin museum, one of them Ehrenberg's,
<normalizedToken id="7D7AA5C934D7D543166275BA97DE2A8E" originalValue="“originalexemplar”">&quot;originalexemplar&quot;</normalizedToken>
, and one from the Stuttgart museum, Klunzinger's, specimen.
<normalizedToken id="7ADF602DF447C018259C079A733F13A0" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
mentioned little variability in all specimens examined and he also synonymized Holm's,
<taxonomicName id="B6F806AC97B62C3A33A89632F395588C" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthya jaegerskioeldi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaegerskioeldi">Nephthya jaegerskioeldi</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="731E1491F90299EAAFEFB784329DE5DF" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" infraspecific-rank="var." kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthea jaegerskioeldi var. microspina" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="variety" species="jaegerskioeldi" variety="microspina">Nephthea jaegerskioeldi var. microspina</taxonomicName>
with Ehrenberg's,
<taxonomicName id="67340EE126251E8474B54A7623565F93" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Dendronephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendronephthya savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Dendronephthya savignyi</taxonomicName>
, based on the presence of polyps in bundles. One of the type specimens of
<taxonomicName id="F050EC43D29B1E5AF5F79F270D646E29" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthea jaegerskioeldi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jaegerskioeldi">Nephthea jaegerskioeldi</taxonomicName>
has been re-examined; the colony and sclerites are presented in Figures 50D, 54-55, and I agree with
<normalizedToken id="C7ED878D6F288EBA17826985AFBCDEBD" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
that the species should be synonymized with
<taxonomicName id="360645A669D764FB043C97893FA9C3D4" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Litophyton? savignyi</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6B32723344F3C30DD2AD08861F2B7655" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
During my visit to the Berlin museum I was unable to find Ehrenberg's, specimen, later on Dr. Goetz Reinicke was so kind to provide me with photographs of a specimen that could be that particular one, though with a question mark (Figure 50A). Indeed doubts remain about the status of the Berlin specimen since it is almost 12 cm wide, while
<normalizedToken id="17E063591DA5A67021EA1E5270A77751" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
mentioned its width to be 8.5 cm.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B294699E06CC41ABC31AAFCC77BAAFA6" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
The specimen described above is from the Vienna Museum (NHMW 2407) (Figures 50
<normalizedToken id="BD49E261F7EBC010CB11CB9A2738C696" originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
, 52-53), and is probably one of the specimens examined by
<normalizedToken id="6BE53DF8EA00B3AF10601EE172CD7FB1" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
, as it was found at Tor (Red Sea) and
<bibRefCitation id="390972ADF203D2D8FD6511E49DC2BFF8" author="Kuekenthal, W" journalOrPublisher="Zoologische Jahrbuecher (Syst.)" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="503 - 726" title="Versuch einer Revision der Alcyonaceen. 2. Die Familie der Nephthyiden. 2 Teil. Die Gattungen Dendronephthya n. g. und Stereonephthya n. g." volume="21" year="1905">
<normalizedToken id="BC7FA01462A87895926C0EE448FB5FB7" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
(1905
</bibRefCitation>
: 531) also examined material from that locality.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3E041E9C16DF77D06960F4CD14EF1127" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
<pageBreakToken id="EE1DE5BA0DF70702E5136D1664DDEC09" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" start="start">Sclerites</pageBreakToken>
of ZMTAU 26245 (Figure 51C) are presented to show their variation (Figures 56-58).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="22D5CABA2EAF67F60BF502F51C295037" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Although not re-examined I consider
<taxonomicName id="ED8DB7C89F15E14589D085A0F5649A5D" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Spongodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Spongodes albida" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="albida">Spongodes albida</taxonomicName>
Holm, 1894 synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="07149D745F8A1404EE75051F4A682EDC" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Litophyton? savignyi</taxonomicName>
. The specimen is only a few cm long but features all the characters of
<taxonomicName id="0EFA1FA5B139BEBE0C56F4715642AD40" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Litophyton? savignyi</taxonomicName>
, i.e. projecting supporting bundle, many small rodlets in the polyp stalk and large interior spindles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="6DDF601AA3EAE14E7A896ED15BDBE094" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
In the Red Sea
<taxonomicName id="BAF9BA9A849C3111FF330737BFF31F79" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Litophyton? savignyi</taxonomicName>
differs from all other
<taxonomicName id="117C4BA2E3626B6415929397D798E85F" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Litophyton</taxonomicName>
species in having polyps with a protruding supporting bundle giving the colony a prickly appearance. The polyps also make an acute angle with the stalk as is seen in the genus
<taxonomicName id="6F1DD273A61BA6A3F71D1930ABC4AD5A" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Stereonephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stereonephthya" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stereonephthya</taxonomicName>
. It can only be confused with two species of
<taxonomicName id="882AF46C7CEB2598AFC5ACF2BAB6D842" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Stereonephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stereonephthya" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stereonephthya</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="2701EAB2A6F8F9290B71CC26EE1E3433" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Stereonephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stereonephthya acaulis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acaulis">Stereonephthya acaulis</taxonomicName>
Verseveldt, 1973, and
<taxonomicName id="CEDA8D69D1966032839880BF28039A2E" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Stereonephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stereonephthya cundabiluensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="cundabiluensis">Stereonephthya cundabiluensis</taxonomicName>
Verseveldt, 1965. The latter always contains coloured sclerites but
<taxonomicName id="27E41BCA7DF68AC8885B1F6F4855CB32" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Stereonephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stereonephthya acaulis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acaulis">Stereonephthya acaulis</taxonomicName>
can have white colonies with colourless sclerites (
<bibRefCitation id="974D6E1384D3E7F553B2291AD34F1A65" author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Amsterdam" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="69 - 171" title="Octocorallia from north-western Madagascar (Part IIIa-d)." volumeTitle="Proceedings Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen" year="1973">Verseveldt 1973</bibRefCitation>
: 153). But it differs from
<taxonomicName id="11FA59374E85069237079E84B49F42CB" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Litophyton savignyi</taxonomicName>
in lacking oval tentacle sclerites, having differently shaped polyp stalk rodlets (
<taxonomicName id="B3ED0CECBADB0A6EAEFFB7446DACB0A9" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Stereonephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Stereonephthya" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Stereonephthya</taxonomicName>
-type; Figs 13a, 14a, 15a in
<bibRefCitation id="F745901F61E0DABB940EF459A3B335B5" author="Ofwegen, LP van" journalOrPublisher="Contributions to Zoology" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="153 - 178" title="A centuries old problem in nephtheid taxonomy approached using DNA data (Coelenterata: Alcyonacea)." volume="76" year="2007">Ofwegen and Groenenberg (2007)</bibRefCitation>
), and having much smaller (up to 0.75 mm long), branched, less tuberculate, internal stalk spindles; see
<bibRefCitation id="BDCCAE825EB452C2632642259109B13D" author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Amsterdam" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="69 - 171" title="Octocorallia from north-western Madagascar (Part IIIa-d)." volumeTitle="Proceedings Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen" year="1973">Verseveldt (1973</bibRefCitation>
: figs 33n, o).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EAFC29D8C12848681C28B7D195AC1FA0" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
ZMTAU Co 34066, identified by me as
<taxonomicName id="9C22B308459B84EF684E2F757F147792" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Dendronephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendronephthya savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Dendronephthya savignyi</taxonomicName>
, was used in a molecular study by
<bibRefCitation id="7645EC69D37ABDEC52D077A94344D99D" author="McFadden, CS" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Ecology Resources" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" pagination="19 - 31" title="Limitations of mitochondrial gene barcoding in the cnidarian sub-class Octocorallia." url="10.1111/j.1755-0998.2010.02875.x" volume="11" year="2011">McFadden et al (2011)</bibRefCitation>
. In that study it grouped with other
<taxonomicName id="057303353B3CBADB2497F8E7A9454385" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Litophyton</taxonomicName>
species, i.e.
<taxonomicName id="2DADE1F073FF4A282278B8BF4EB207FC" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton striatum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatum">Litophyton striatum</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken id="25EFE024ED3054A9F28FCD858BA8149E" originalValue="Kükenthal">Kuekenthal</normalizedToken>
, 1903) (identified by me as
<taxonomicName id="3BF4140C8023B197E920BB84403DB61B" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton elatensis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="elatensis">Litophyton elatensis</taxonomicName>
(Verseveldt &amp; Cohen, 1971),
<taxonomicName id="70437C908352EB87F8BD97884FBC6A10" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acuticonicum" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acuticonicum">Litophyton acuticonicum</taxonomicName>
Verseveldt, 1974, and
<taxonomicName id="85C5ED71B42328DF3F92458A71CF4EE1" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton acutifolium" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="acutifolium">Litophyton acutifolium</taxonomicName>
Verseveldt, 1974 (=
<taxonomicName id="87A9E2B20ED59FBC1E5B658211F350A2" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton viridis" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="viridis">Litophyton viridis</taxonomicName>
) rather than with other
<taxonomicName id="FD9ABA69BC927B7913898B566DDD058E" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Dendronephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendronephthya" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Dendronephthya</taxonomicName>
species included in the study.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="41AC621F08A78FE6FA38F61C8E1F67A8" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
Unfortunately,
<bibRefCitation id="1BC785F2B276541DD675A528DD1326EA" author="Utinomi, H" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" pagination="319 - 338" title="Dendronephthya of Japan, II. New species and new records of Dendronephthya and the allied Stereonephthya from Kii region." volume="3" year="1954 a">Utinomi (1954a)</bibRefCitation>
designated
<taxonomicName id="06B01444416D2DE86EDC033D7D92A030" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Litophyton savignyi</taxonomicName>
as the type species for
<taxonomicName id="CF9031AF0A15C4582F4409535258E04F" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Dendronephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendronephthya" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Dendronephthya</taxonomicName>
, a genus with more than 250 nominal species. Following strict nomenclatural priority would cause widespread confusion within nephtheid taxonomy. To avoid changing of generic combinations and the confusion that it would cause, a case will be submitted to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) to preserve the name
<taxonomicName id="D0CFAD541F5F53A38AF6220E9016603D" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Dendronephthya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dendronephthya" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Dendronephthya</taxonomicName>
, in the meanwhile the species will be cited as
<taxonomicName id="659E45AF1AA4734676B7AADD4CCE50BD" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Litophyton? savignyi</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="606141DAE17486DCA47B7A3B517C80C3" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
The two
<taxonomicName id="E692CCC60FF18B1C2CABB4747BD71D92" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthea" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">Nephthea</taxonomicName>
species with projecting supporting bundle described by
<bibRefCitation id="2E2F3FB8B2F113512C0F52B7ADE3C06F" author="Verseveldt, J" journalOrPublisher="Amsterdam" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" pagination="52 - 59" title="Preliminary note on some new Octocorallia from Madagascar." volumeTitle="Proceedings Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen" year="1968">Verseveldt (1968)</bibRefCitation>
from Madagascar,
<taxonomicName id="1A482BE60D78571BB1C44672D118C843" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthea aberrans" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="aberrans">Nephthea aberrans</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="6A6980F6F9312AD2232CA3635DD1528D" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Nephthea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Nephthea tixierae" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="tixierae">Nephthea tixierae</taxonomicName>
, I regard synonymous with
<taxonomicName id="C4EAE955883138BCE118C1BA987F0D07" class="Anthozoa" family="Nephtheidae" genus="Litophyton" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Litophyton savignyi" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="savignyi">Litophyton? savignyi</taxonomicName>
. I consider the reported differences to represent intra-specific variation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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