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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e90435" ID-GBIF-Dataset="367fbb18-d519-45c3-82fc-35a482a040ed" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2625-8498-72-1035" ID-Pensoft-UUID="D0416380CB035C2AB3CF821DC5767D27" ModsDocID="2625-8498-72-1035" checkinTime="1668159798136" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Monico, Alexander Tamanini, Ferrao, Miqueias, Chaparro, Juan Carlos, Fouquet, Antoine &amp; Lima, Albertina Pimentel" docDate="2022" docId="3192092D782F5923A663043C342D78E4" docLanguage="en" docName="VertZool 72: 1035-1065" docOrigin="Vertebrate Zoology 72" docPubDate="2022-11-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e90435" docTitle="Pristimantis guianensis Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="D0416380CB035C2AB3CF821DC5767D27" lastPageNumber="1035" masterDocId="D0416380CB035C2AB3CF821DC5767D27" masterDocTitle="A new species of rain frog (Anura: Strabomantidae: Pristimantis) from the Guiana Shield and amended diagnosis of P. ockendeni (Boulenger, 1912)" masterLastPageNumber="1065" masterPageNumber="1035" pageNumber="1035" updateTime="1668247199379" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>A new species of rain frog (Anura: Strabomantidae: Pristimantis) from the Guiana Shield and amended diagnosis of P. ockendeni (Boulenger, 1912)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Monico, Alexander Tamanini</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2965-8020</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia (Ecologia), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">alexandermonico@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Ferrao, Miqueias</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7035-8276</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Chaparro, Juan Carlos</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Museo de Biodiversidad del Peru, Cusco, Peru &amp; Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, Peru</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Fouquet, Antoine</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Laboratoire Evolution et Diversite Biologique, Universite Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lima, Albertina Pimentel</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4586-5633</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Biologia (Ecologia), Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Vertebrate Zoology</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-11-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>72</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1035</mods:start>
<mods:end>1065</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e90435</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/vz.72.e90435</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">2625-8498-72-1035</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">D0416380CB035C2AB3CF821DC5767D27</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<subSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="taxonomic account">
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="204928403" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2CD9F0BF-7BB8-4D12-B901-D56F5F489E2B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3192092D782F5923A663043C342D78E4" lastPageNumber="1035" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<taxonomicName LSID="https://zoobank.org/2CD9F0BF-7BB8-4D12-B901-D56F5F489E2B" authority="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima, 2022" authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis" status="sp. nov.">Pristimantis guianensis</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. volumetric renderings of μ-CT scans of the skull in ventral views. A Male (Paratype, MNHN-RA- 2020.0115) and B Female (Paratype, MNHN-RA- 2020.0114). Absence of dentigerous processes of vomers can be noted in the doted red circle." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Figs 7</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved holotype of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. A dorsal and B views of body; C lateral view of head; and ventral view of D hand and E foot. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">, 8</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">, 9</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Males of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (SVL 17.7 mm); B Paratype MPEG 44188 (SVL 18.4 mm); C Paratopotype INPA-H 44250 (SVL 17.6 mm); D Paratype INPA-H 43939 (SVL 17.6 mm); E Paratype MPEG 44185 (SVL 17.9 mm); F Paratopotype MPEG 44181 (SVL 17.8 mm); G Paratype INPA-H 43928 (SVL 17.9 mm); H Paratype INPA-H 43931 (SVL 17.7 mm); and I Paratype INPA-H 43926 (SVL 16.9 mm). Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (C) E. D. Koch." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">, 10</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Ventral coloration of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Paratopotype INPA-H 43944 (nocturnal); and B Paratype MNHN-RA- 2020.0115 (diurnal). Photographs: (A) A. T. Monico and (B) A. Fouquet." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768193" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">, 11</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. natural history and breeding aspects. A Example of habitat used by the new species; B calling male (INPA-H 43942); C amplectant pair (female INPA-H 43943, male INPA-H 43944), from RFAD, Manaus, Amazonas; D suspended litter spawning about 1 m above the ground, the two clutches are at different stages (left, more developed; right, recent oviposition), from Sao Joao da Baliza municipality, Roraima, Brazil. Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (B) I. Y. Fernandes." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768197" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">, 15</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. eggs and embryos from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke (Manaus, Brazil). Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768198" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">and 16</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<taxonomicName authority="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima, 2022" authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eleutherodactylus ockendeni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ockendeni" status="sp. nov.">Eleutherodactylus ockendeni</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation author="Zimmerman, BL" editor="Gentry, AH" journalOrPublisher="Yale University Press, New Haven" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="426 - 454" refId="B86" refString="Zimmerman, BL, Rodrigues, MT, 1990. Frogs, snakes, and lizards or the INPA-WWF reserves near Manaus, Brazil. In: Gentry, AH, Ed., Four Neotropical Rainforest. Yale University Press, New Haven: 426 - 454" title="Frogs, snakes, and lizards or the INPA-WWF reserves near Manaus, Brazil." volumeTitle="Four Neotropical Rainforest." year="1990">Zimmerman and Rodrigues (1990)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Heyer, WR" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="436 - 447" refId="B35" refString="Heyer, WR, Hardy, LM, 1991. A new species of frog of the Eleutherodactylus lacrimosus assembly from Amazonia, South America (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 104: 436 - 447" title="A new species of frog of the Eleutherodactylus lacrimosus assembly from Amazonia, South America (Amphibia: Anura: Leptodactylidae)." volume="104" year="1991">Heyer and Hardy (1991)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Lima, AP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" refId="B48" refString="Lima, AP, Magnusson, WE, Menin, M, Erdtmann, LK, Rodrigues, DJ, Keller, C, Hoedl, W, 2006. Guia dos Sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke - Amazonia Central / Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke - Central Amazonia. 1. ed. Manaus: Attama, 168 pp." title="Guia dos Sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke - Amazonia Central / Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke - Central Amazonia. 1. ed. Manaus: Attama, 168 pp." year="2006">Lima et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467407004269" author="Menin, M" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Tropical Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="539 - 547" refId="B55" refString="Menin, M, Lima, AP, Magnusson, W, Waldez, F, 2007. Topographic and edaphic effects on the distribution of terrestrially reproducing anurans in Central Amazonia: Mesoscale spatial patterns. Journal of Tropical Ecology 23 (5): 539 - 547, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467407004269" title="Topographic and edaphic effects on the distribution of terrestrially reproducing anurans in Central Amazonia: Mesoscale spatial patterns." url="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467407004269" volume="23" year="2007">Menin et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<taxonomicName authority="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima, 2022" authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis ockendeni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ockendeni" status="sp. nov.">Pristimantis ockendeni</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2994/057.005.0210" author="Rojas-Ahumada, DP" journalOrPublisher="South American Journal of Herpetology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="157 - 167" refId="B70" refString="Rojas-Ahumada, DP, Menin, M, 2010. Composition and abundance of anurans in riparian and non-riparian areas in a forest in Central Amazonia, Brazil. South American Journal of Herpetology 5 (2): 157 - 167, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2994/057.005.0210" title="Composition and abundance of anurans in riparian and non-riparian areas in a forest in Central Amazonia, Brazil." url="https://doi.org/10.2994/057.005.0210" volume="5" year="2010">Rojas-Ahumada and Menin (2010)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Lima, AP" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" refId="B49" refString="Lima, AP, Magnusson, WE, Menin, M, Erdtmann, LK, Rodrigues, DJ, Keller, C., Hoedl, W, 2012. Guia dos Sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke - Amazonia Central / Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke - Central Amazonia. 2. ed. Manaus: Attama, 188 pp." title="Guia dos Sapos da Reserva Adolpho Ducke - Amazonia Central / Guide to the frogs of Reserva Adolpho Ducke - Central Amazonia. 2. ed. Manaus: Attama, 188 pp." year="2012">Lima et al. (2012)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3750.5.8" author="Fouquet, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="569 - 586" refId="B21" refString="Fouquet, A, Martinez, Q, Courtois, EA, Dewynter, M, Pineau, K, Gaucher, P, Blanc, M, Marty, C, Kok, PJR, 2013. A new species of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia, Craugastoridae) associated with the moderately elevated massifs of French Guiana. Zootaxa 3750: 569 - 586, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3750.5.8" title="A new species of the genus Pristimantis (Amphibia, Craugastoridae) associated with the moderately elevated massifs of French Guiana." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3750.5.8" volume="3750" year="2013">Fouquet et al. (2013)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<taxonomicName authority="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima, 2022" authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis ockendeni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ockendeni" status="sp. nov.">Pristimantis cf. ockendeni</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13847" author="Vacher, J-P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Biogeography" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="1781 - 1791" refId="B80" refString="Vacher, J-P, Chave, J, Ficetola, FG, Sommeria-Klein, G, Tao, S, Thebaud, C, Blanc, M, Camacho, A, Cassimiro, J, Colston, TJ, Dewynter, M, Ernst, R, Gaucher, P, Gomes, JO, Jairam, R, Kok, PJR, Lima, JD, Martinez, Q, Marty, C, Noonan, BP, Nunes, PMS, Ouboter, P, Recoder, R, Rodrigues, MT, Snyder, A, Marques-Souza, S, Fouquet, A, 2020. Large scale DNA-based survey of frogs in Amazonia suggests a vast underestimation of species richness and endemism. Journal of Biogeography 47: 1781 - 1791, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13847" title="Large scale DNA-based survey of frogs in Amazonia suggests a vast underestimation of species richness and endemism." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13847" volume="47" year="2020">Vacher et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Azevedo, W" journalOrPublisher="Herpetology Notes" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="1417 - 1428" refId="B3" refString="Azevedo, W, Oliveira, AM, Costa, ER, 2021. Herpetofauna from two locations in the state of Roraima, Amazon Rainforest, Brazil. Herpetology Notes 14: 1417 - 1428" title="Herpetofauna from two locations in the state of Roraima, Amazon Rainforest, Brazil." volume="14" year="2021">Azevedo et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00564-w" author="Fouquet, A" journalOrPublisher="Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution," pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="1 - 34" refId="B26" refString="Fouquet, A, Peloso, P, Jairam, R, Lima, AP, Monico, AT, Ernst, R, Kok, PJR, 2022b. Back from the deaf: integrative taxonomy revalidates an earless and mute species, Hylodes grandoculis van Lidth de Jeude, 1904, and confirms a new species of Pristimantis Jimenez de la Espada, 1870 (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the Eastern Guiana Shield. Organisms Diversity &amp; Evolution, 2022 (2): 1 - 34, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00564-w" title="Back from the deaf: integrative taxonomy revalidates an earless and mute species, Hylodes grandoculis van Lidth de Jeude, 1904, and confirms a new species of Pristimantis Jimenez de la Espada, 1870 (Anura: Craugastoridae) from the Eastern Guiana Shield." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-022-00564-w" volume="2022" year="2022 b">Fouquet et al. (2022b)</bibRefCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
INPA-H 43918 (field number APL22783), adult male, collected at Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, municipality of Manaus, state of Amazonas, Brazil (
<geoCoordinate degrees="2" direction="south" minutes="55" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="52.0" value="-2.931111">2°55′52.0″S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="58" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="25.8" value="-59.973835">59°58′25.8″W</geoCoordinate>
, 74 m elevation), on 19 November 2019 by A.T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
and I.Y. Fernandes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="paratopotypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Paratopotypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
Seventeen adult specimens (fourteen males and three females), same locality as the holotype: one male INPA-H 43917 (field number APL22782) collected in November 2019; nine males INPA-H 43919, - INPA-H 439120, INPA-H 439121, INPA-H 43923, - INPA-H 43924, INPA-H 43925, INPA-H 44248, INPA-H 44249, and INPA-H 44250 (field numbers APL22784-86, 22794-99, respectively) and one female INPA-H 43922 (field number APL22793) collected in December 2019 by A.T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
, I.Y. Fernandes, E.D. Koch and A.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="P." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P." order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">P.</taxonomicName>
Lima; two males MPEG 44181 and MPEG 44182 (field numbers APL22804 and 22805, respectively) collected January 2020 by A.T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
and I.Y. Fernandes; two males INPA-H 43942 and INPA-H 43944 (field numbers APL23187 and 23189, respectively) and two females INPA-H 43941 and INPA-H 43943 (field numbers APL23187 and 23189, respectively) collected in 28-29 December 2020 by A.T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
, U.F. Souza and I.Y. Fernandes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
Thirty-eight adult specimens (28 males and 10 females). BRAZIL: AMAZONAS: municipality of Presidente Figueiredo: Km 144 of the BR-174 Highway [six males MPEG 44183, MPEG 44184, INPA-H 43926, INPA-H 44251, INPA-H 43927 and INPA-H 43928 (field numbers APL22806-11, respectively) collected in January 2020 by A.T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
and E.D. Koch],
<normalizedToken originalValue="Suçuarana’s">Sucuarana's</normalizedToken>
Fall at Vila de Balbina [seven males INPA-H 43929, INPA-H 43930, INPA-H 43931, INPA-H 43932, INPA-H 43933, MPEG 44185, MPEG 44186 (field numbers APL22812-18, respectively) and one female MPEG 44187 (field number APL22819) collected in January 2020 by A.T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
and E.D. Koch]; RORAIMA: municipality of
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
da Baliza [seven males INPA-H 43935, MPEG 44188, MPEG 44190, INPA-H 43937, INPA-H 43938, INPA-H 43939 and INPA-H 439340 (field numbers APL 22821, 22823, 22825 to 22829, respectively) and three females INPA-H 43934, INPA-H 43936 and MPEG 44189 (field numbers APL22820, 22822, and 22824, respectively) collected in June 2020 by A.T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
, I.Y. Fernandes, M.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ferrão">Ferrao</normalizedToken>
and A.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="P." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P." order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">P.</taxonomicName>
Lima]. SURINAME: Sipaliwini [three males MNHN-RA-2020.0115-0117 (field numbers AF2255, 2256 and 2289, respectively) and two females MNHN-RA-2020.0113 and 2020.0114 (field numbers AF2155 and 2258, respectively) collected in April 2014 by A. Fouquet and J.
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" genus="P." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P." order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">P.</taxonomicName>
Vacher]. GUYANA: Mabura Hill Forest Reserve [four males SMNS11987, 11989, 11993, 11994 and three females SMNS 11990, 11991 and 11995 collected between April 2003 and June 2004; and one male MTD 47769 and one female MTD 47770 collected in August 2010 by. R. Ernst].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Referred material.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Available in Appendix 1.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
The new species is characterized by the following unique combination of characters: (1) dorsal skin shagreened, frequently with distinctly tubercles, with or without W-shaped on scapular region; (2) tympanum visible, tympanic membrane poorly differentiated, tympanum diameter 24-34% of eye diameter and annulus partially visible externally; supratympanic black band; (3) snout subacuminate to sub-rounded in dorsal view and rounded in in lateral profile, loreal region concave; (4) upper eyelid tubercles present; dark bar between the eyes, and three oblique black streaks below the eye; cranial crests absent; (5) nostril ovoid, slightly protuberant, directed laterally; interorbital distance 29-37% of head width; (6) tongue cordiform to ovoid; (7) absence of dentigerous processes of vomers (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. volumetric renderings of μ-CT scans of the skull in ventral views. A Male (Paratype, MNHN-RA- 2020.0115) and B Female (Paratype, MNHN-RA- 2020.0114). Absence of dentigerous processes of vomers can be noted in the doted red circle." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">7</figureCitation>
); (8) males with vocal slits, vocal sac median to subgular; nuptial pads absent; (9) Finger I slightly more shorter than II; finger discs ovoid to expanded (finger disc I less expanded compared to finger disc II, III and IV); (10) fingers without lateral fringes; (11) three to five enlarged ulnar tubercles, barely visible in fixed specimens (easily visible in individuals when in life); (12) tibia length 48-56% of SVL; (13) heel tubercle absent; tarsal tubercles aligned, ovoid to elliptical; tarsal fold short, barely visible; (14) thenar tubercle ovoid to elliptical; small palmar tubercle ill-defined, less than 30% of thenar tubercle; (15) toes without lateral fringes; rudiment of web absent; (16) toes I and II almost of the same size; toes discs ovoid (toe disc I and II, especially) to expanded (III, IV and V); (17) belly skin smooth to areolate, and ventral region of the femur externally areolate; (18) in life, translucent groin with small, scattered dark melanophores and absence of bright colored blotches or marks; (19) in life, iris is dichromatic, brown lower part and cream upper part; (20) SVL in adult males of 16.2-20.7 mm (n = 43) and in females of 21.4-25.7 mm (n = 13); and (21) advertisement call with average call duration of 232
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
42 ms, inter-note interval of 44
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
5 ms (68
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
11 ms), minimum frequency of 2,827-3,695 Hz, maximum frequency of 4,333-6,688 Hz and dominant frequency of 3,466-4,521 Hz.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768189" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
volumetric renderings of
<normalizedToken originalValue="μ-CT">μ-CT</normalizedToken>
scans of the skull in ventral views.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">A</emphasis>
Male (Paratype, MNHN-RA-2020.0115) and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">B</emphasis>
Female (Paratype, MNHN-RA-2020.0114). Absence of dentigerous processes of vomers can be noted in the doted red circle.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="comparisons">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Comparisons with other species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
The new species is compared to other
<taxonomicName authorityName="Jimenez de la Espada" authorityYear="1870" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
of the
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. unistrigatus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="unistrigatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. unistrigatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group occurring in the Guiana Shield:
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. abakapa" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abakapa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. abakapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Rojas-Runjaic, Salerno,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Señaris">Senaris</normalizedToken>
&amp; Pauly, 2013;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. aureoventris" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureoventris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. aureoventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kok, Means &amp; Bossuyt, 2011;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. crepitaculus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crepitaculus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. crepitaculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fouquet, Peloso, Jairam, Lima,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
, Ernst &amp; Kok, 2022;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. espedeus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="espedeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. espedeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Fouquet, Martinez, Courtois, Dewynter, Pineau, Gaucher, Blanc, Marty &amp; Kok, 2013;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. grandoculis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandoculis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. grandoculis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(van Lidth de Jeude, 1904);
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. guaiquinimensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guaiquinimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. guaiquinimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Schlüter">Schlueter</normalizedToken>
&amp;
<normalizedToken originalValue="Rödder">Roedder</normalizedToken>
, 2007);
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. imthurni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imthurni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. imthurni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kok, 2013;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. inguinalis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inguinalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. inguinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Parker, 1940);
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. jamescameroni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamescameroni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. jamescameroni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kok, 2013;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. jester" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jester">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. jester</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Means &amp; Savage, 2007;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. marmoratus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Boulenger, 1900),
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. memorans" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memorans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. memorans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Myers &amp; Donnelly, 1997),
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. pulvinatus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. pulvinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Rivero, 1968);
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. saltissimus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saltissimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. saltissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Means &amp; Savage, 2007; and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. sarisarinama" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarisarinama">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. sarisarinama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Barrio-Amorós">Barrio-Amoros</normalizedToken>
&amp; Brewer-Carias, 2008 and to
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. ockendeni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ockendeni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. ockendeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, which occurs in southwestern Amazonia. Diagnostic characters of compared species are shown in parentheses unless stated otherwise.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. ockendeni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ockendeni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. ockendeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the absence of dentigerous processes of vomers (present) and smaller SVL: male 16.2-20.7 mm (n = 43 specimens) in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. guianensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
(18.4-22.8 mm, n = 09 in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. ockendeni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ockendeni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. ockendeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and female 21.4-25.7 mm (n = 13 specimens) in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. guianensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
(30.4-30.6 mm, n = 02 in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. ockendeni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ockendeni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. ockendeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). Additionally, the advertisement call of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. guianensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
has average call duration of 232
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
42 ms (540
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
150 ms), inter-note interval of 44
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
5 ms (68
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
11 ms) and is emitted at minimum frequency of 2,827-3,695 Hz (2,047-2,610 Hz), maximum frequency of 4,333-6,688 Hz (2,965-3,504 Hz) and dominant frequency of 3,466-4,521 Hz (2,519-3,144 Hz).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
The absence of dentigerous processes of vomers easily distinguishes
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
from
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. aureoventris" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureoventris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. aureoventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. crepitaculus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crepitaculus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. crepitaculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. espedeus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="espedeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. espedeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. grandoculis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandoculis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. grandoculis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. imthurni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imthurni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. imthurni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. jamescameroni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamescameroni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. jamescameroni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. jester" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jester">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. jester</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. marmoratus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. saltissimus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saltissimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. saltissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(present in all species); and the presence of vocal slits in males (absent in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. abakapa" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abakapa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. abakapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. aureoventris" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureoventris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. aureoventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. grandoculis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandoculis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. grandoculis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. imthurni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imthurni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. imthurni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. guaiquinimensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guaiquinimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. guaiquinimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. jamescameroni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamescameroni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. jamescameroni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. jester" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jester">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. jester</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. saltissimus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="saltissimus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. saltissimus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. espedeus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="espedeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. espedeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. guaiquinimensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guaiquinimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. guaiquinimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. imthurni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imthurni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. imthurni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. jamescameroni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamescameroni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. jamescameroni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. pulvinatus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. pulvinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having smaller male SVL of 16.2--20.7 mm (SVL 20.7-24.8 mm in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. espedeus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="espedeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. espedeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 33.4--34.7 mm in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. guaiquinimensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guaiquinimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. guaiquinimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 22.9 mm in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. imthurni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imthurni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. imthurni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 22.9 mm in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. jamescameroni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamescameroni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. jamescameroni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 23.0-26.1 mm in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. pulvinatus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pulvinatus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. pulvinatus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 22.6-25.8 mm in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. sarisarinama" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sarisarinama">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. sarisarinama</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); from
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. espedeus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="espedeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. espedeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. jamescameroni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamescameroni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. jamescameroni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. guaiquinimensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guaiquinimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. guaiquinimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. memorans" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memorans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. memorans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by smaller female SVL of 21.4-25.7 mm (SVL 29.4 mm in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. espedeus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="espedeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. espedeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 26.3-27.5 mm in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. jamescameroni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamescameroni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. jamescameroni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 32.4-33.6 mm in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. guaiquinimensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guaiquinimensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. guaiquinimensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 31-32 mm in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. memorans" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="memorans">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. memorans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
); by having a translucent groin with small, scattered dark melanophores and absence of bright colored blotches or marks in life,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. guianensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. abakapa" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="abakapa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. abakapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(chocolate brown groin with small white dots),
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. aureoventris" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aureoventris">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. aureoventris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(black or brown, sometimes with some small golden spots),
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. crepitaculus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="crepitaculus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. crepitaculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(dark grey groin),
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. espedeus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="espedeus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. espedeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(reddish orange groin),
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. grandoculis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandoculis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. grandoculis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(dark grey groin),
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. imthurni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="imthurni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. imthurni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(brown groin),
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. inguinalis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inguinalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. inguinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(bright yellow spots on groin),
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. jamescameroni" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jamescameroni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. jamescameroni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(bright orange groin) and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. marmoratus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="marmoratus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. marmoratus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(yellow or pale green wash on groin).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Description of holotype.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
INPA-H 43918 (field number APL 22783), an adult male (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved holotype of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. A dorsal and B views of body; C lateral view of head; and ventral view of D hand and E foot. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">8</figureCitation>
), SVL 17.7 mm; head slightly longer than wide (HL 105% of HW); head width 36.0% of SVL; head length 37.9% of SVL; cranial crest absent; snout subacuminated in dorsal (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved holotype of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. A dorsal and B views of body; C lateral view of head; and ventral view of D hand and E foot. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">8A</figureCitation>
) and rounded in lateral (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved holotype of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. A dorsal and B views of body; C lateral view of head; and ventral view of D hand and E foot. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">8C</figureCitation>
) views; snout short, END 77.3% of ED; nostril ovoid, slightly protuberant, directed laterally; internarial region slightly concave; canthus rostralis almost straight in dorsal view, rounded in profile; loreal region concave; lips rounded; small tubercles on upper eyelid; interorbital region straight, IOD 32.2% of HW; large eye (ED/TD = 3.4); supratympanic fold distinct, extending from posterior margin of eyelid angling posteroventrally behind tympanic annulus; tympanum visible and rounded, 28.5% of ED; tympanic membrane poorly prominent, directed laterally; tympanic annulus distinct, obscured anteriorly, dorsally, and posteriorly by the supratympanic fold; two small postrictal tubercles, poorly visible; choanae of moderate sized, round, not concealed by palatal sheath of maxilla; dentigerous processes of vomers absent; tongue cordiform, longer than wide; vocal slits present; vocal sac median, simple and subgular.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Preserved holotype of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
(INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">A</emphasis>
dorsal and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">B</emphasis>
views of body;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">C</emphasis>
lateral view of head; and ventral view of
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">D</emphasis>
hand and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">E</emphasis>
foot. Photographs: A.T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
Forearm slightly longer than hand (FAL 102.6% of HAND); four ulnar tubercles enlarged and aligned, poorly defined; size Finger I&lt;II&lt;IV&lt;III (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved holotype of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. A dorsal and B views of body; C lateral view of head; and ventral view of D hand and E foot. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">8D</figureCitation>
); finger discs rounded (Finger I and II) to expanded (Finger III and IV); thenar tubercle ovoid; palmar tubercle bifid and poorly defined, almost twice the width of elongate thenar tubercle; subarticular tubercles well defined, most prominent on fingers I and IV, rounded in dorsal and lateral view; all fingers with ventral pads well defined by circumferential grooves.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
Hindlimbs slender, with transversal bars complementary, being four on thigh, three on tibia and two on tarsus; tibia length 54% of SVL; heel without tubercles; tarsus with row of small, low tubercles, poorly visible; tarsal folds absent; foot length 41% of SVL; subarticular tubercles well defined (except in Toe IV), round in dorsal and lateral view; toes lacking lateral fringes and webbed; toes lengths I &lt;II &lt;III &lt;V &lt;IV (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved holotype of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. A dorsal and B views of body; C lateral view of head; and ventral view of D hand and E foot. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">8E</figureCitation>
); Toe I only slightly shorter than II; Toe V slightly longer than Toe III (Toe III extending to border of toe discs V); discs well defined by circumferential grooves; toe discs ovoid (toes I, II and III) to expanded (toes IV and V); thenar tubercle ovoid and palmar tubercle small and ill-defined; all toes with ventral pads well defined, most prominent in toes IV and V.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
Dorsal skin shagreened, with a W-shaped mark on scapular region, a dark blotch between the eyes and other ill-defined near the groin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved holotype of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. A dorsal and B views of body; C lateral view of head; and ventral view of D hand and E foot. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">8A</figureCitation>
); upper eyelid shagreened, with several distinctly enlarged tubercles on each eyelid; upper and posterior surfaces of hindlimbs smooth; skin on flanks and chest smooth; slightly areolate on belly; and ventral region of the femur externally areolate; dorsolateral folds absent; pectoral and discoidal folds not visible; cloaca not protuberant, cloacal region without tubercles.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
Morphometric measurements are presented in Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphometric measurements in millimeters of adults of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. and P. ockendeni. The measurement of the two P. ockendeni females correspond to the syntypes. Values express mean + / - standard deviation (range). Measurement abbreviations are listed in the Material and Methods." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C509F049AFA8EF1F3E60996C6658C5E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" tableUuid="C509F049AFA8EF1F3E60996C6658C5E8">4</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Coloration of holotype in preservative</emphasis>
: After 30 months in 70% ethanol, colours of the holotype faded, notably glandular supracarpal pad (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved holotype of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. A dorsal and B views of body; C lateral view of head; and ventral view of D hand and E foot. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">8</figureCitation>
). The snout is dorsally dark brown and well-delimited by a transversal light gray interorbital band extending on half of the eyelids; dark bands below the eyes; supratympanic black band; black blotches in the tympanic region (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved holotype of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. A dorsal and B views of body; C lateral view of head; and ventral view of D hand and E foot. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">8C</figureCitation>
); a dark brown mark is well-defined on the scapular region posteriorly followed by two oblique traversal dark brown bands. Similar, transversal dark brown bands are present on the arms, hands and legs and feet. Arms, belly and ventral surfaces of thighs, tibia and tarsus are cream with brown melanophores, arm and belly skin are the lightest, with melanophores sparsest, while ventral surfaces of hindlimbs have a greater amount of melanophores (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved holotype of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. A dorsal and B views of body; C lateral view of head; and ventral view of D hand and E foot. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">8B</figureCitation>
); upper arm without bands (only few melanophores) and lower arm with one dark transversal band; black blotch in the cloaca region; more colors details are shown in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved holotype of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. A dorsal and B views of body; C lateral view of head; and ventral view of D hand and E foot. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">8</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Coloration of holotype in life</emphasis>
: In life, yellow dorsal surface with orange blotches and tubercles all over the dorsal surface; three horizontal dark bands on dorsum, the anterior one on interorbital region, the medial one bordering the W-shaped mark on the scapular region, and posterior one ill-defined near the groin (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Males of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (SVL 17.7 mm); B Paratype MPEG 44188 (SVL 18.4 mm); C Paratopotype INPA-H 44250 (SVL 17.6 mm); D Paratype INPA-H 43939 (SVL 17.6 mm); E Paratype MPEG 44185 (SVL 17.9 mm); F Paratopotype MPEG 44181 (SVL 17.8 mm); G Paratype INPA-H 43928 (SVL 17.9 mm); H Paratype INPA-H 43931 (SVL 17.7 mm); and I Paratype INPA-H 43926 (SVL 16.9 mm). Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (C) E. D. Koch." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">10A</figureCitation>
). Black blotches located in the tympanic region and dark bands below the eyes. Upper surface of legs and arms with light brown transversal band. Ventral surface is cream covered with minute gray melanophores, while the throat region is slightly yellow. The arm and belly skin are the lightest and the melanophores are the sparsest. Ventral surfaces of thighs, tibia and tarsus are gray, due to the high amount of melanophores. During the day the coloration turns darker. The iris is dichromatic: lower part brown and upper part golden color with dark brown reticulation. More colors details are shown in Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved holotype of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. A dorsal and B views of body; C lateral view of head; and ventral view of D hand and E foot. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">8A</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="intraspecific variation">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">I ntraspecific variation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
is small, SVL in adult males of 16.2-20.7 mm (n = 43; Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphometric measurements in millimeters of adults of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. and P. ockendeni. The measurement of the two P. ockendeni females correspond to the syntypes. Values express mean + / - standard deviation (range). Measurement abbreviations are listed in the Material and Methods." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C509F049AFA8EF1F3E60996C6658C5E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" tableUuid="C509F049AFA8EF1F3E60996C6658C5E8">4</tableCitation>
) and in females of 21.4-25.7 mm (n = 13; Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Morphometric measurements in millimeters of adults of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. and P. ockendeni. The measurement of the two P. ockendeni females correspond to the syntypes. Values express mean + / - standard deviation (range). Measurement abbreviations are listed in the Material and Methods." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/C509F049AFA8EF1F3E60996C6658C5E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" tableUuid="C509F049AFA8EF1F3E60996C6658C5E8">4</tableCitation>
). Dorsal pattern of males is variable: most specimens of the type series (73% of type specimens) show irregular dark markings present on dorsum, similar to holotype (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9A</figureCitation>
), slightly dark middorsal and other ill-defined near the groin (12% of types; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9B</figureCitation>
), with snout-vent stripe (only one specimen; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9C</figureCitation>
), dorsal view coloration strongly delimited and different from sideview (13% of types; Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9E</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9F</figureCitation>
), lighter (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9D</figureCitation>
) or darker (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9F</figureCitation>
), with or without dark transverse stripes on dorsum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Preserved holotype of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (INPA-H 43918) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, Manaus municipality, Amazonas state, Brazil. A dorsal and B views of body; C lateral view of head; and ventral view of D hand and E foot. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768190" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">8E</figureCitation>
). Specimens of dorsal pattern with irregular dark markings (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9C</figureCitation>
) and slightly dark middorsal (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9B</figureCitation>
) has interorbital region is covered by a dark band (85.7% of specimens). In addition, these two patterns are closely linked to the presence of a W-shaped on scapular region (66% of types), even if not very evident (16% of types). Dorsal skin texture is fairly variable too (probably depending on activity, as observed in many species of the genus (e.g.,
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12222" author="Guayasamin, JM" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="913 - 928" refId="B31" refString="Guayasamin, JM, Krynak, T, Krynak, K, Culebras, J, Hutter, CR, 2015. Phenotypic plasticity raises questions for taxonomically important traits: a remarkable new Andean rainfrog (Pristimantis) with the ability to change skin texture. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 173: 913 - 928, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12222" title="Phenotypic plasticity raises questions for taxonomically important traits: a remarkable new Andean rainfrog (Pristimantis) with the ability to change skin texture." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12222" volume="173" year="2015">Guayasamin et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.397" author="Kok, PJR" journalOrPublisher="European Journal of Taxonomy" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="1 - 30" refId="B42" refString="Kok, PJR, Dezfoulian, R, Means, DB, Fouquet, A., Barrio-Amoros, CL, 2018. Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships. European Journal of Taxonomy 397: 1 - 30, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.397" title="Amended diagnosis and redescription of Pristimantis marmoratus (Boulenger, 1900) (Amphibia: Craugastoridae), with a description of its advertisement call and notes on its breeding ecology and phylogenetic relationships." url="https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2018.397" volume="397" year="2018">Kok et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
), from shagreened to granular, with or without tubercles.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Preserved
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">A</emphasis>
MPEG 44181;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">B</emphasis>
INPA-H 43929;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">C</emphasis>
INPA-H 43928;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">D</emphasis>
INPA-H 43939;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">E</emphasis>
MPEG 44185;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">F</emphasis>
INPA-H 43940;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">G</emphasis>
MPEG 44181;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">H</emphasis>
INPA-H 43929; and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">I</emphasis>
INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A.T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Dark bands and blotches located below the eyes are present in the most specimens of type series, not very evident or absent (91%, 4%, and 5% of types, respectively). Tr ansversal dark brown bands are present on the arms and hands, intermediary, or absent (89%, 4%, and 7% of types, respectively). In legs and feet, transversal dark bands are present in most specimens of the type series, intermediary, or absent (80%, 9%, and 11% of types, respectively). The three to five ulnar tu bercles are small in 9% of types. Supratympanic black band in all species.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
Ventral surface can have different shades, varying according to the concentration of melanophores: light (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9G</figureCitation>
), intermediary (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9H</figureCitation>
) or dark (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9I</figureCitation>
). Most type specimens (57%) had the intermediate concentration, while light and dark were less frequent (29% and 14% of types).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
Dorsal background coloration in life is widely variable, from gr eenish yellow (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Males of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (SVL 17.7 mm); B Paratype MPEG 44188 (SVL 18.4 mm); C Paratopotype INPA-H 44250 (SVL 17.6 mm); D Paratype INPA-H 43939 (SVL 17.6 mm); E Paratype MPEG 44185 (SVL 17.9 mm); F Paratopotype MPEG 44181 (SVL 17.8 mm); G Paratype INPA-H 43928 (SVL 17.9 mm); H Paratype INPA-H 43931 (SVL 17.7 mm); and I Paratype INPA-H 43926 (SVL 16.9 mm). Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (C) E. D. Koch." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">10A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Males of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (SVL 17.7 mm); B Paratype MPEG 44188 (SVL 18.4 mm); C Paratopotype INPA-H 44250 (SVL 17.6 mm); D Paratype INPA-H 43939 (SVL 17.6 mm); E Paratype MPEG 44185 (SVL 17.9 mm); F Paratopotype MPEG 44181 (SVL 17.8 mm); G Paratype INPA-H 43928 (SVL 17.9 mm); H Paratype INPA-H 43931 (SVL 17.7 mm); and I Paratype INPA-H 43926 (SVL 16.9 mm). Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (C) E. D. Koch." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">10B</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Males of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (SVL 17.7 mm); B Paratype MPEG 44188 (SVL 18.4 mm); C Paratopotype INPA-H 44250 (SVL 17.6 mm); D Paratype INPA-H 43939 (SVL 17.6 mm); E Paratype MPEG 44185 (SVL 17.9 mm); F Paratopotype MPEG 44181 (SVL 17.8 mm); G Paratype INPA-H 43928 (SVL 17.9 mm); H Paratype INPA-H 43931 (SVL 17.7 mm); and I Paratype INPA-H 43926 (SVL 16.9 mm). Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (C) E. D. Koch." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">10F</figureCitation>
) and light orange (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Males of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (SVL 17.7 mm); B Paratype MPEG 44188 (SVL 18.4 mm); C Paratopotype INPA-H 44250 (SVL 17.6 mm); D Paratype INPA-H 43939 (SVL 17.6 mm); E Paratype MPEG 44185 (SVL 17.9 mm); F Paratopotype MPEG 44181 (SVL 17.8 mm); G Paratype INPA-H 43928 (SVL 17.9 mm); H Paratype INPA-H 43931 (SVL 17.7 mm); and I Paratype INPA-H 43926 (SVL 16.9 mm). Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (C) E. D. Koch." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">10C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Males of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (SVL 17.7 mm); B Paratype MPEG 44188 (SVL 18.4 mm); C Paratopotype INPA-H 44250 (SVL 17.6 mm); D Paratype INPA-H 43939 (SVL 17.6 mm); E Paratype MPEG 44185 (SVL 17.9 mm); F Paratopotype MPEG 44181 (SVL 17.8 mm); G Paratype INPA-H 43928 (SVL 17.9 mm); H Paratype INPA-H 43931 (SVL 17.7 mm); and I Paratype INPA-H 43926 (SVL 16.9 mm). Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (C) E. D. Koch." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">10F</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Males of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (SVL 17.7 mm); B Paratype MPEG 44188 (SVL 18.4 mm); C Paratopotype INPA-H 44250 (SVL 17.6 mm); D Paratype INPA-H 43939 (SVL 17.6 mm); E Paratype MPEG 44185 (SVL 17.9 mm); F Paratopotype MPEG 44181 (SVL 17.8 mm); G Paratype INPA-H 43928 (SVL 17.9 mm); H Paratype INPA-H 43931 (SVL 17.7 mm); and I Paratype INPA-H 43926 (SVL 16.9 mm). Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (C) E. D. Koch." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">10G</figureCitation>
) to brown (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Males of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (SVL 17.7 mm); B Paratype MPEG 44188 (SVL 18.4 mm); C Paratopotype INPA-H 44250 (SVL 17.6 mm); D Paratype INPA-H 43939 (SVL 17.6 mm); E Paratype MPEG 44185 (SVL 17.9 mm); F Paratopotype MPEG 44181 (SVL 17.8 mm); G Paratype INPA-H 43928 (SVL 17.9 mm); H Paratype INPA-H 43931 (SVL 17.7 mm); and I Paratype INPA-H 43926 (SVL 16.9 mm). Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (C) E. D. Koch." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">10E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Males of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (SVL 17.7 mm); B Paratype MPEG 44188 (SVL 18.4 mm); C Paratopotype INPA-H 44250 (SVL 17.6 mm); D Paratype INPA-H 43939 (SVL 17.6 mm); E Paratype MPEG 44185 (SVL 17.9 mm); F Paratopotype MPEG 44181 (SVL 17.8 mm); G Paratype INPA-H 43928 (SVL 17.9 mm); H Paratype INPA-H 43931 (SVL 17.7 mm); and I Paratype INPA-H 43926 (SVL 16.9 mm). Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (C) E. D. Koch." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">10H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Males of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (SVL 17.7 mm); B Paratype MPEG 44188 (SVL 18.4 mm); C Paratopotype INPA-H 44250 (SVL 17.6 mm); D Paratype INPA-H 43939 (SVL 17.6 mm); E Paratype MPEG 44185 (SVL 17.9 mm); F Paratopotype MPEG 44181 (SVL 17.8 mm); G Paratype INPA-H 43928 (SVL 17.9 mm); H Paratype INPA-H 43931 (SVL 17.7 mm); and I Paratype INPA-H 43926 (SVL 16.9 mm). Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (C) E. D. Koch." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">10I</figureCitation>
), while females do not vary as much. Snout-vent stripe can be present (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9G</figureCitation>
). The iris is dichromatic: brown to dark copper metallic lower part and cream to silver upper part with dark brown reticulation (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Males of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (SVL 17.7 mm); B Paratype MPEG 44188 (SVL 18.4 mm); C Paratopotype INPA-H 44250 (SVL 17.6 mm); D Paratype INPA-H 43939 (SVL 17.6 mm); E Paratype MPEG 44185 (SVL 17.9 mm); F Paratopotype MPEG 44181 (SVL 17.8 mm); G Paratype INPA-H 43928 (SVL 17.9 mm); H Paratype INPA-H 43931 (SVL 17.7 mm); and I Paratype INPA-H 43926 (SVL 16.9 mm). Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (C) E. D. Koch." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">10</figureCitation>
). When active, the ventral surface is with cream background, cover by white granules and brown melanophores (nocturnal, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Ventral coloration of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Paratopotype INPA-H 43944 (nocturnal); and B Paratype MNHN-RA- 2020.0115 (diurnal). Photographs: (A) A. T. Monico and (B) A. Fouquet." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768193" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">11A</figureCitation>
), and gray at the day, which is the result of melanophores expansion (diurnal, Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Ventral coloration of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. in life. A Paratopotype INPA-H 43944 (nocturnal); and B Paratype MNHN-RA- 2020.0115 (diurnal). Photographs: (A) A. T. Monico and (B) A. Fouquet." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768193" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">11B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768192" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Males of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
in life.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">A</emphasis>
Holotype INPA-H 43918 (SVL 17.7 mm);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">B</emphasis>
Paratype MPEG 44188 (SVL 18.4 mm);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">C</emphasis>
Paratopotype INPA-H 44250 (SVL 17.6 mm);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">D</emphasis>
Paratype INPA-H 43939(SVL 17.6 mm);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">E</emphasis>
Paratype MPEG 44185 (SVL 17.9 mm);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">F</emphasis>
Paratopotype MPEG 44181 (SVL 17.8 mm);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">G</emphasis>
Paratype INPA-H 43928 (SVL 17.9 mm);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">H</emphasis>
Paratype INPA-H 43931 (SVL 17.7 mm); and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">I</emphasis>
Paratype INPA-H 43926 (SVL 16.9 mm). Photographs: A.T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
, except (C) E.D. Koch.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768193" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Figure 11.</emphasis>
Ventral coloration of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
in life.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">A</emphasis>
Paratopotype INPA-H 43944 (nocturnal); and
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">B</emphasis>
Paratype MNHN-RA-2020.0115 (diurnal). Photographs: (A) A.T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
and (B) A. Fouquet.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="advertisement call">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Advertisement call.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
We recorded 111 calls of 34 males from 2 m above the ground underwood vegetation at temperatures between 23-25°C and 82-99% relative air humidity. The list of call recordings is disponible in Appendix 4, and descriptive statistics of call parameters are in Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Acoustic variables of the advertisement call of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (n = 111 calls, 34 males) and Pristimantis ockendeni (n = 40 calls, 7 males). Values express mean + / - standard deviation (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D5A674824663947AF6AEBB0A550D4128" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" tableUuid="D5A674824663947AF6AEBB0A550D4128">5</tableCitation>
. The advertisement call of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
is short (mean 232 ms
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
standard deviation 42, range 158-371 ms) and composed of 4-6 notes (4.6
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.7). Calls with four notes were the most common arrangement, corresponding to 51% of all analysed calls (n = 57 calls), followed by calls with five notes (38%; n = 42 calls) and six notes (11%; n = 12 calls). Note duration averaged 16
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
5 ms (5-30 ms; n = 510 notes). Inter-note intervals are homogeneous within calls (average = 44
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
5 ms; range 14-56 ms; n = 399 inter-note intervals), i.e., inter-note the same temporal structure. Notes lack true harmonics. The average minimum frequency is 3,210
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
152 Hz (2,827-3,695 Hz), while average maximum frequency is 5,264
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
639 Hz (4,333-6,688 Hz), and the dominant frequency is 3,970
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
179 Hz (3,466-4,521 Hz) (n = 111 calls) (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. advertisement calls spectrograms and oscillograms with five and six notes, respectively. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (FNJV 58730); B Paratopotype INPA-H 43919 (FNJV 58731), air temperature 23.2 ° C." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">12A</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. advertisement calls spectrograms and oscillograms with five and six notes, respectively. A Holotype INPA-H 43918 (FNJV 58730); B Paratopotype INPA-H 43919 (FNJV 58731), air temperature 23.2 ° C." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">12B</figureCitation>
, Table
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 5" captionStartId="T5" captionText="Table 5. Acoustic variables of the advertisement call of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (n = 111 calls, 34 males) and Pristimantis ockendeni (n = 40 calls, 7 males). Values express mean + / - standard deviation (range)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/D5A674824663947AF6AEBB0A550D4128" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" tableUuid="D5A674824663947AF6AEBB0A550D4128">5</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768194" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Figure 12.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
advertisement calls spectrograms and oscillograms with five and six notes, respectively.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">A</emphasis>
Holotype INPA-H 43918 (FNJV 58730);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">B</emphasis>
Paratopotype INPA-H 43919 (FNJV 58731), air temperature 23.2°C.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
We provide additional acoustic variables in Appendix
<tableCitation captionStart="" captionStartId="T7" captionText=". Acoustic variables of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. and Pristimantis ockendeni summarized according to call arrangement. Abbreviation: SP, species; CD, call duration; ND, note duration (ms); NN, number of notes per call, INI, inter-note interval (ms); LF, HF and DF, minimum, maximum, and dominant frequencies (Hz), respectively." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/4648BADD76907CE0165924F7B16C572D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" tableUuid="4648BADD76907CE0165924F7B16C572D">5</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="courtship call repertoire">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Courtship call repertoire.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
We observed that when a female is present, males calls consist of 7-8 notes (7.75
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.5; n = 4 calls of two males), with call duration of 359
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
31 ms (321-391 ms), note duration of 13
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2 ms (10-14 ms) with inter-note intervals of 39
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1 ms (38-40 ms). The average minimum frequency is 3,097
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
55 Hz (3,025-3,158 Hz), while average maximum frequency is 5,080
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
678 Hz (4,134-5,861 Hz), and the dominant frequency is 3,914
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
191 Hz (3,790-4,199 Hz).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
We recorded the vocal repertoire of a male (INPA-H 43944, FNJV 58762) until the amplexus with a female (INPA-H 43943) for ~80 s (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. courtship call repertoire spectrograms for 80 seconds before the amplexus. Male INPA-H 43944, FNJV 58762; air temperature 24.8 ° C and humidity 97 %. A First call after approaching the female; B second call, issued after 47 s of previous call; C last two calls before forming the amplexus." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">13</figureCitation>
). The male jumped and positioned close to the female (approximately 20 cm) and then emitted one call with 8 notes (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. courtship call repertoire spectrograms for 80 seconds before the amplexus. Male INPA-H 43944, FNJV 58762; air temperature 24.8 ° C and humidity 97 %. A First call after approaching the female; B second call, issued after 47 s of previous call; C last two calls before forming the amplexus." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">13A</figureCitation>
), two-harmonic structure and more high-pitched than advertisements calls (maximum frequency reaching 8,182 Hz). The call duration was 386 s, where notes lasted 15
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
1 ms (13-17 ms) with inter-note intervals of 38
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
2 ms (35-41 ms). The call was emitted with a dominant frequency of 3,790
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
172 Hz, minimum frequency of 3,231
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
168 Hz and maximum frequency of 5,489
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
602 Hz. The male came even closer to female and, after 47 s emitting the previous call, emitted a second call (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. courtship call repertoire spectrograms for 80 seconds before the amplexus. Male INPA-H 43944, FNJV 58762; air temperature 24.8 ° C and humidity 97 %. A First call after approaching the female; B second call, issued after 47 s of previous call; C last two calls before forming the amplexus." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">13B</figureCitation>
), less high-pitched and longer than the previous one (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Preserved Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. dorsal and ventral surface pattern variation. A MPEG 44181; B INPA-H 43929; C INPA-H 43928; D INPA-H 43939; E MPEG 44185; F INPA-H 43940; G MPEG 44181; H INPA-H 43929; and I INPA-H 43940. Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768191" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">9A</figureCitation>
): 11 notes, call duration 757 ms, note duration 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
5 ms (17-33 ms), inter-note intervals 54
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
19 ms (28-85 ms), minimum, maximum and dominant frequency of 3,144
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
111 Hz, 4,780
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
158 Hz and 3,704
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
151 Hz, respectively. Finally, the male emitted two calls with inter-call interval of 860 ms between them (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 13. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. courtship call repertoire spectrograms for 80 seconds before the amplexus. Male INPA-H 43944, FNJV 58762; air temperature 24.8 ° C and humidity 97 %. A First call after approaching the female; B second call, issued after 47 s of previous call; C last two calls before forming the amplexus." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">13C</figureCitation>
): the former call has call duration of 761 ms and consisted of 13 notes with note duration of 19
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3 ms (14-22 ms), inter-note interval of 45
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
16 ms (31-87 ms) s, and frequencies were similar to previous call (minimum 3,032
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
104 Hz, maximum 4,845
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
245 Hz and dominant of 3,876
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
213 Hz); while the latter call lasted 547 ms and was composed of 9 notes, with note duration of 18
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
3 ms (15-25 ms), inter-note interval of 39
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
4 ms (32-45), except for last note (107 ms), dominant frequency was 3,962
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
219 Hz, minimum frequency 2,995
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
76 Hz and maximum frequency 4,705
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
214 Hz. The female then bent down and formed the amplexus with the male.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure13" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768195" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" start="Figure 13" startId="F13">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Figure 13.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
courtship call repertoire spectrograms for 80 seconds before the amplexus. Male INPA-H 43944, FNJV 58762; air temperature 24.8°C and humidity 97%.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">A</emphasis>
First call after approaching the female;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">B</emphasis>
second call, issued after 47 s of previous call;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">C</emphasis>
last two calls before forming the amplexus.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
The specific epithet &quot;
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">guianensis</emphasis>
&quot; refers to the region of occurrence of the new species, widely distributed in the western Guiana region (the lowlands of the eastern part of the Guiana Shield).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Distribution, Natural history and Conservation.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
is likely endemic to the western portion of the Guiana region (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Geographic distribution of individuals of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (red circles) and Pristimantis ockendeni sensu stricto (yellow triangles) used in our analyses. Stars indicate type localities of each species." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">14</figureCitation>
) which is bounded by the Amazon and the Negro Rivers on the South, the Branco River on the southwest. Similarly distributed species are
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Morales" baseAuthorityYear="2002" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Allobates" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Allobates sumtuosus" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sumtuosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Allobates sumtuosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Morales, 2002) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3746.3.1" author="Simoes, PI" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="401 - 421" refId="B74" refString="Simoes, PI, Kaefer, IL, Farias, IP, Lima, AP, 2013. An integrative appraisal of the diagnosis and distribution of Allobates sumtuosus (Morales, 2002) (Anura, Aromobatidae). Zootaxa 3746: 401 - 421, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3746.3.1" title="An integrative appraisal of the diagnosis and distribution of Allobates sumtuosus (Morales, 2002) (Anura, Aromobatidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3746.3.1" volume="3746" year="2013">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Simões">Simoes</normalizedToken>
et al. 2013
</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Nelson &amp; Lescure" authorityYear="1975" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Synapturanus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Synapturanus mirandaribeiroi" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mirandaribeiroi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Synapturanus mirandaribeiroi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nelson &amp; Lescure, 1975 (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2021.05.003" author="Fouquet, A" journalOrPublisher="Zoologischer Anzeiger" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="46 - 73" refId="B19" refString="Fouquet, A, Leblanc, K, Fabre, AC, Rodrigues, MT, Menin, M, Courtois, EA, Dewynter, M, Hoelting, M, Ernst, R, Peloso, PLV, Kok, PJR, 2021a. Comparative osteology of the fossorial frogs of the genus Synapturanus (Anura, Microhylidae) with the description of three new species from the Eastern Guiana Shield. Zoologischer Anzeiger 293: 46 - 73, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2021.05.003" title="Comparative osteology of the fossorial frogs of the genus Synapturanus (Anura, Microhylidae) with the description of three new species from the Eastern Guiana Shield." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2021.05.003" volume="293" year="2021 a">Fouquet et al. 2021a</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName authorityName="Rojas, Carvalho, Avila, Farias &amp; Hrbek" authorityYear="2014" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Amazophrynella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amazophrynella manaos" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="manaos">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Amazophrynella manaos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Rojas, Carvalho,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ávila">Avila</normalizedToken>
, Farias &amp; Hrbek, 2014, and
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Martins" baseAuthorityYear="1989" class="Amphibia" family="Aromobatidae" genus="Anomaloglossus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anomaloglossus stepheni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="stepheni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Anomaloglossus stepheni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Martins, 1989) (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.017" author="Vacher, J-P" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylo-genetics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="158 - 173" refId="B81" refString="Vacher, J-P, Kok, PJR, Rodrigues, MT, Lima, JD, Lorenzini, A, Martinez, Q, Fallet, M, Courtois, EA, Blanc, M, Gaucher, P, Dewynter, M, Jairam, R, Ouboter, PE, Thebaud, C, Fouquet, A, 2017. Cryptic diversity in Amazonian frogs: Integrative taxonomy of the genus Anomaloglossus (Amphibia: Anura: Aromobatidae) reveals a unique case of diversification within the Guiana Shield. Molecular Phylo-genetics and Evolution 112: 158 - 173, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.017" title="Cryptic diversity in Amazonian frogs: Integrative taxonomy of the genus Anomaloglossus (Amphibia: Anura: Aromobatidae) reveals a unique case of diversification within the Guiana Shield." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2017.04.017" volume="112" year="2017">Vacher et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). In Brazil, it is known from Manaus and Presidente Figueiredo (Amazonas),
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
da Baliza (Roraima) and
<normalizedToken originalValue="Oriximiná">Oriximina</normalizedToken>
(
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pará">Para</normalizedToken>
); in Guyana from the Mabura Hill Reserve, and in Suriname from Sipaliwini.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" start="Figure 14" startId="F14">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Figure 14.</emphasis>
Geographic distribution of individuals of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
(red circles) and
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis ockendeni" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ockendeni">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis ockendeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sensu stricto (yellow triangles) used in our analyses. Stars indicate type localities of each species.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
is crepuscular/nocturnal and inhabits the understory of unflooded (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">terra firme</emphasis>
) forests. Its breeding activity takes place in the rainy season, between November and February in the state of Amazonas, and between May and August in the state of Roraima, both in Brazil. Calling males of
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. guianensis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
aggregate in groups of about eight, separated by 2-3 m distance. At Reserva Ducke (Manaus, Brazil), understory areas rich in
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Marantaceae</taxonomicName>
are preferentially used (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. natural history and breeding aspects. A Example of habitat used by the new species; B calling male (INPA-H 43942); C amplectant pair (female INPA-H 43943, male INPA-H 43944), from RFAD, Manaus, Amazonas; D suspended litter spawning about 1 m above the ground, the two clutches are at different stages (left, more developed; right, recent oviposition), from Sao Joao da Baliza municipality, Roraima, Brazil. Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (B) I. Y. Fernandes." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768197" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">15A</figureCitation>
). In other localities (e.g.,
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
da Baliza, Brazil), the species is found mainly on the edge of forest fragments. The new species occurs in sympatry with congeneric
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. koehleri" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="koehleri">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. koehleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Padial &amp; De la Riva, 2009 and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. zimmermanae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zimmermanae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. zimmermanae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Heyer &amp; Hardy, 1991) in Manaus and Presidente Figueredo,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. zeuctotylus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zeuctotylus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. zeuctotylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lynch &amp; Hoogmoed, 1977) in
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
da Baliza,
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. chiastonotus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chiastonotus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. chiastonotus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Lynch &amp; Hoogmoed, 1977),
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. zeuctotylus" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="zeuctotylus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. zeuctotylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Marantaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="P. inguinalis" order="Zingiberales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="inguinalis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">P. inguinalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Sipaliwini (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.2" author="Fouquet, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" pagination="39 - 64" refId="B24" refString="Fouquet, A, Orrico, VGD, Ernst, R, Blanc, M, Martinez, Q, Vacher, J-P, Rodrigues, MT, Ouboter, PE, Jairam, R, Ron, SR, 2015. A new Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura: Hylidae) of the parviceps group from the lowlands of the Guiana Shield. Zootaxa 4052: 39 - 64, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.2" title="A new Dendropsophus Fitzinger, 1843 (Anura: Hylidae) of the parviceps group from the lowlands of the Guiana Shield." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4052.1.2" volume="4052" year="2015">Fouquet et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768197" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" start="Figure 15" startId="F15">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Figure 15.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
natural history and breeding aspects.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">A</emphasis>
Example of habitat used by the new species;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">B</emphasis>
calling male (INPA-H 43942);
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">C</emphasis>
amplectant pair (female INPA-H 43943, male INPA-H 43944), from RFAD, Manaus, Amazonas;
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">D</emphasis>
suspended litter spawning about 1 m above the ground, the two clutches are at different stages (left, more developed; right, recent oviposition), from
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
da Baliza municipality, Roraima, Brazil. Photographs: A.T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
, except (B) I.Y. Fernandes.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
Males call perched on vegetation (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. natural history and breeding aspects. A Example of habitat used by the new species; B calling male (INPA-H 43942); C amplectant pair (female INPA-H 43943, male INPA-H 43944), from RFAD, Manaus, Amazonas; D suspended litter spawning about 1 m above the ground, the two clutches are at different stages (left, more developed; right, recent oviposition), from Sao Joao da Baliza municipality, Roraima, Brazil. Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (B) I. Y. Fernandes." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768197" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">15B</figureCitation>
) a bout 2 m above the ground. They start calling at dusk (~18:00h) and remain active until ~19:00h, their activity then remains sporadical until around midnight. When the weather is rainy, the activity is sustained throughout the night. The amplexus (n = 2) is axillary (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F15" captionText="Figure 15. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. natural history and breeding aspects. A Example of habitat used by the new species; B calling male (INPA-H 43942); C amplectant pair (female INPA-H 43943, male INPA-H 43944), from RFAD, Manaus, Amazonas; D suspended litter spawning about 1 m above the ground, the two clutches are at different stages (left, more developed; right, recent oviposition), from Sao Joao da Baliza municipality, Roraima, Brazil. Photographs: A. T. Monico, except (B) I. Y. Fernandes." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768197" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">15C</figureCitation>
). Juveniles and females are rarely found. We registered three clutches
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">in situ</emphasis>
in
<normalizedToken originalValue="São">Sao</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="João">Joao</normalizedToken>
da Baliza (Roraima, Brazil), all within dead leaves hung in the vegetation above the ground. Two clutches were laid in the same nest (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Geographic distribution of individuals of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (red circles) and Pristimantis ockendeni sensu stricto (yellow triangles) used in our analyses. Stars indicate type localities of each species." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">14D</figureCitation>
) about 1 m above the ground, one was recent and the other in a more advanced developmental stage; the third clutch (about 40 cm above the ground) contained dead eggs, apparently due to fungal infestation. The first two clutches contained 11 and 13 large eggs. In the surroundings of the nests (up to 5 m), we observed adult males (n= 6 individuals) and females (n = 3).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
On 29 December 2020 we found an amplecting pair (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figure 14. Geographic distribution of individuals of Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. (red circles) and Pristimantis ockendeni sensu stricto (yellow triangles) used in our analyses. Stars indicate type localities of each species." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768196" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">14C</figureCitation>
) from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke (Tinga basin), Manaus municipality. Male (INPA-H 43944) and female (INPA-H 43943) remained amplected overnight in the same collection container. Oviposition of 13 eggs took place at ~9:30 on the next day. In laboratory, we observed egg development until hatching (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Pristimantis guianensis sp. nov. eggs and embryos from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke (Manaus, Brazil). Photographs: A. T. Monico." figureDoi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768198" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">16</figureCitation>
) in a sterile and moist container (at room temperature, between 24.8 and 28.3°C). Egg diameter increased from ~4.1 mm at oviposition to 5.8 mm before froglet hatching. The first froglet has hatched on the 25th day, and it lasted seven days (33rd day) to all the remnant froglets hatch. The SVL of froglets at hatching was ~4.3 mm.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/vz.72.e90435.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/768198" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Figure 16.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
eggs and embryos from Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke (Manaus, Brazil). Photographs: A.T.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Mônico">Monico</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">
As previously mentioned,
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mônico &amp; Ferrão &amp; Chaparro &amp; Fouquet &amp; Lima" authorityYear="2022" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pristimantis guianensis" order="Anura" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guianensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">Pristimantis guianensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1035">sp. nov.</emphasis>
has a wide geographic distribution, from Manaus, Brazil in the South to Mabura Hill Reserve, Guyana in the North (i.e., 800 km linear distance), and potentially 256 thousand km². The species inhabits primary and secondary forests, as well as edge areas. Furthermore, their populations are locally abundant. Therefore, we believe that the species fits into the category &quot;Least Concern&quot; of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</subSection>
</document>
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