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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ce2a2763-3c4d-4be7-b56d-7a8c7e27608b" ID-PMC="PMC7297811" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-939-87" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" ID-PubMed="32577083" ID-ZooBank="B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33" ModsDocID="1313-2970-939-87" checkinTime="1591794867056" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gosik, Rafal, Skuhrovec, Jiri, Caldara, Roberto &amp; Tosevski, Ivo" docDate="2020" docId="D339190DD36453C5AB6E2B13D177D4A1" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 939: 87-165" docOrigin="ZooKeys 939" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612" docTitle="Mecinus pascuorum" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" lastPageNumber="87" masterDocId="DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922" masterDocTitle="Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="87" pageNumber="87" updateTime="1732487594982" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="DF5D6B17B208D0A55AEC4C47BE6D176E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="47A6116FC37ED53F23DBB95A1F3E19CD">
<mods:title id="E88F7908B4D0787A13B8AA19C03042BD">Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="0AF724DF5408C56B2392D52456A80448" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B2FBF23F1CA026DFCE17045C0D3B3811">
<mods:roleTerm id="55A94C76719D53E167A2B290F07C4E39">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="97E6B873B11AFF0483C536C97DCF04FD">Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8221B195F4111EA8BAF39F04335468E0">Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role id="10547406EEA119A41B9DB2420A3640C5">
<mods:roleTerm id="F90E2E1506DDBF6F8C62B4412641CDC9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CCB7EC61BAF3BF435DD38FDAA2B0B97A">Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="6D576CB489E642CE8FA651BD12CDF9DC">Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="C26292640AFC083F8A3F97C31C25CDA4" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="E6CEDCA38129D0E1E5F21AC24F0BCD46" type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="51886C3E82CE1774E0F5BB2FD9391064" type="personal">
<mods:role id="A607473434EFBBDBFD02FB7D21D732C1">
<mods:roleTerm id="03272BD69B45C6C9A9D66A94445E8D06">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="9686105A88C7456495FABFE3CE2366FE">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F3055EFDCE99822D3B8C51DF188B4213">Center of Alpine Entomology, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="293B1A39616E8D8582FF1EE6181E9C3E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="E8E857974FD91DAEE1F8D7EB7F12B4AA">
<mods:roleTerm id="02BFEB288E164B2230CA3B5D9FF9ECBA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7A18B0B7CE4293978D30961F939F5939">Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F6589B2AD613DB0B05476F9EC35CF8DF">CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland &amp; Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080, Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="CC2795B70580D7B071F83D431F55CE7C">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="D1F430331BD22C8A04CB9C8D9C1227E1">
<mods:title id="65AB3DC246DA83022AC156FBC5A5F519">ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="1BFBE20C0F0EA7DFF858BFDED0D9C42F">
<mods:date id="AB1D9E3DA38799EF933D76A1F0F1BECA">2020</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="94E5304FB190D30928925A34985F6D8C" type="volume">
<mods:number id="BD76D8B32D6A4D10F1BDF94C51E736A2">939</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="234CEA57D154FCF72ACF319E7D504DA0">87</mods:start>
<mods:end id="6A26266F9920CFBAFEF17F9C432B1244">165</mods:end>
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<mods:location id="B806E7577A7C7CA5452AA827516F20CA">
<mods:url id="9F7C1BFD4034675451D0811C9B2E6177">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="FC36E881BAE8EAA397693DEDE1ED7632">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B4B0C5E0D3A89060987FA0D0B37FF6BC" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7AC2E857A03848B512C641AE7268CDD8" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-939-87</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="87106C50905EA200CED47B185462C9B9" type="ZooBank">B239701148884712880E1069C943AD33</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FBC6549C95D99F1EF3D68CC570A4A355" type="Pensoft-UUID">DB6D50A55057576896F6AFDAE5BC9922</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="D339190DD36453C5AB6E2B13D177D4A1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="164500617" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D339190DD36453C5AB6E2B13D177D4A1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D339190DD36453C5AB6E2B13D177D4A1" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" scope_family="Curculionidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
<subSubSection id="4201CFB74DCC3CA451724DDF1C99C925" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8695DE207FEC23D986A4BE9D07F44C20" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<taxonomicName id="91A560DB91CAC7832848E86E11099432" ID-CoL="8J8G4" LSID="D339190D-D364-53C5-AB6E-2B13D177D4A1" authority="(Gyllenhal, 1813)" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pascuorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pascuorum">Mecinus pascuorum (Gyllenhal, 1813)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="4BB8D068651640266BCC06E4281D23E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="9A378ACD6C62522DA2D08BCE831497E6" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FB7980F84F858E7C95E6543E76A9DBF1" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
7 L3 larvae and 13 pupae, Serbia,
<normalizedToken id="3ED1EF7D79AA98272D5884B16EB13ED1" originalValue="Staničenje">Stanicenje</normalizedToken>
, 6.07.2017,
<geoCoordinate id="73AEBC3AF3AD8943278C885678887E2D" degrees="43" direction="north" minutes="12.915" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="43.21525">43°12.915'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5A89CE18202B3A4D9FD3C22462E86324" degrees="22" direction="east" minutes="30.495" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="22.50825">22°30.495'E</geoCoordinate>
, 364 m., ex
<taxonomicName id="7E3CCD689F86082D27011A33240F653F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago lanceolata" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="F6E459D6F40E2FCAC57E6CB2E4EC92BD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Plantago lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, lgt. I.
<normalizedToken id="F585DA69B41B2DA2522336756DCA784E" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
. Accession numbers of sequenced specimens MN992009 (larva), MN992010 (pupa).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="F94DAC5502D3CDB6CD6C424A74733E43" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="F26C4042E55A42C762CC4018A04E2369" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2FC21309460AF045B41A94EA6E9467AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(Figures
<figureCitation id="3231ECA6B50A3CD612073BA6E166E0C6" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1A-D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="AF492EF0BAA77E8614F258B729D076F4" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2A-F</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="EEDC4DAA30674D7E9001673443105A4A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm). Body length: 1.60-1.96. Body width (metathorax): 1.00-1.20. Head width: 0.36-0.40.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9D2D3B7363E2BACF731CE1FCD777C19D" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="BB38274CCA556BCBD9CC6FDA3587363F" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation id="C07AEA3803BAD7767E3CD51394F2ECCE" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1A-D</figureCitation>
) white, slender, curved. Chaetotaxy of thoracic segments relatively well developed, setae capilliform, different in length, light yellow, on thoracic segments elongated or medium, on abdominal segments very short. Prothorax (Figure
<figureCitation id="427049DC0847900BA5C11913D0894ADB" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1B</figureCitation>
) with eight
<emphasis id="76203AA2ECA42E989ED28CFBE11CA7B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
of almost equal length, two
<emphasis id="E4FC0E855A43E1F8447AF554667EB5C9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and one
<emphasis id="18CBBD3CFC66C7FC55E11C5B998FCB1A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Meso- and metathorax (Figure
<figureCitation id="FEE677DD78C239EA43802EAB711CB28A" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1B</figureCitation>
) with one medium
<emphasis id="5958F3B58FCB870C4DC3A66DFBA18F25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
, three medium
<emphasis id="D49B1B5D8130A5CF13F729B31F821873" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
, equal in length; one medium
<emphasis id="CACAFA322D272B440867F9DCD38D7241" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
, three medium
<emphasis id="376843C20F8748061D00B30A89D7059E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
, equal in length; one long
<emphasis id="E11FCDD21DE0A0D861FF241EF7470BD8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
, one long
<emphasis id="4920B105C5FA987C3E53F8B59A5FEFBD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and one long
<emphasis id="81FC8955C67F078F5FD7C81F64164481" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Pedal area with five long, equal in length
<emphasis id="AA1E7CE15FAB6E7F7F88DD50ADD7D4E6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda.</emphasis>
Abdominal segments I-VIII (Figure
<figureCitation id="684744C4664A64D09C4CB53B37F338A9" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1C, D</figureCitation>
) with one very short
<emphasis id="72AF70EF1764684C5D02C21A441A714A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
, four short
<emphasis id="DBA58540275935E3E0E57B96FFAD4AA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
(arranged along the posterior margin), two minute
<emphasis id="98E15B566B508543637A24D15A009EF0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
, two short
<emphasis id="7CD469D4A837576DBF98FAC112CE293B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
, one short
<emphasis id="A3B02F0E86BD07E00B37AE64458A4451" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
, one short
<emphasis id="27F002666800F7133C2A27B4F645CFAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
and two short
<emphasis id="CC9EFCBADADBF45703DD8F742D4F76F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus.</emphasis>
Abdominal segment IX (Figure
<figureCitation id="2D9C7DBBBE09845ED6BB871EFED7C41E" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1D</figureCitation>
) with three medium
<emphasis id="F0AC1111AF8CC0F561EB47B17429B70B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
, all located close to the posterior margin, one short
<emphasis id="64091B8A460BD5C9886D1907AC4F1984" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
and two short
<emphasis id="F1B6C5DFB5250D255ED93505B22F68CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts.</emphasis>
Each of anal lobes with two minute
<emphasis id="D0EA0FA6E9CDF70C833AB2C77676F9FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ts</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="ED44C33DF1565593C5E1045204CEBE9F" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="6935D299E04674329CD8879513E6F11B" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="CD63298818AAD0C01F3C779738C719C4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="69C4AE7C840085EE6880D9F8E9F8A2F9" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pascuorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pascuorum">
<emphasis id="C4232129C2A6402BD506C5D30A0ED9C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus pascuorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy
<emphasis id="A465CF39C347883B2B41F695238E01C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
habitus of the body and frontal view of the head
<emphasis id="869B6CF44D1EF7F9592E94E920ACB25C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
lateral view of thoracic segments
<emphasis id="7EFA0B669F03D839B6D2527DB57A542D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segment I
<emphasis id="68DA3C8FC9CD6BCE32B81477FD67BE48" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae:
<emphasis id="80270029F961AF1C9DFFBD36FB03EDEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
- alar,
<emphasis id="8FAB16E2A107306E0AF5657C7C3D63A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
- dorsal,
<emphasis id="8D11EB40BEE21BF49526F5D735289D47" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eps</emphasis>
- epipleural,
<emphasis id="EDBD99BB5B65A2642E3A87635356FA31" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">eus</emphasis>
- eusternal,
<emphasis id="81E296A55612F88E7108FC4F3C2BA2EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lsts</emphasis>
- laterosternal,
<emphasis id="2D71CE01C4D8ED726AB631A660A28042" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pda</emphasis>
- pedal,
<emphasis id="68C3DE68A7DC7B91BFDF054E116DE941" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pds</emphasis>
- postdorsal,
<emphasis id="0D263D7A7795C99F91FB2C46067372BF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prns</emphasis>
- pronotal,
<emphasis id="93ABA9A61F5EC5C50F987E84DD07365B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prs</emphasis>
- prodorsal,
<emphasis id="96DA4A274B13E606A822EF122861FA25" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ps</emphasis>
- pleural,
<emphasis id="1A23438D8A429F9D722EE034D033DD4A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ss</emphasis>
- spiracular,
<emphasis id="D43F5433B004D64A71A1E4C7616B9178" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">sts</emphasis>
- sternal,
<emphasis id="7BDB4173029CDBE91126491CA56DB3E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ts</emphasis>
- terminal.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="E0267B79425497CF50B7EEFE4C618C24" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="693663084B4D14C3E13C21ADB7605216" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Head capsule</emphasis>
(Figures
<figureCitation id="F2AD199647E8B7A9C721439DE797DF78" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-X - number of abominal segments, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ps - pleural, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419855" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">1A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="62C9D1A8A502C1DE13C71F16DCBCD764" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2A-F</figureCitation>
) white, almost rounded.
<emphasis id="A018A355791995D5BE6E62C7CDEAF490" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Des1-3, 5</emphasis>
long,
<emphasis id="714012690F91946889338D88F63D9353" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des4</emphasis>
two times shorter than
<emphasis id="30E2E7D9A6986DBFD3B3B464E9B95460" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="BE4DA82989FF0C7DAF7ABF4CCA917DC7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Fs1</emphasis>
as long as
<emphasis id="0618828A1F9322D802A71195CDE7837C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des1</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="8AB49B21EEE2019F40EDEE62870B9611" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs4, 5</emphasis>
elongated, equal in length.
<emphasis id="7764A83D3AAB987B4985124180938185" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Les1</emphasis>
medium,
<emphasis id="F2355773965E5DF686CB0CB182D6B952" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">les2</emphasis>
long; both
<emphasis id="93E1D4D4FE69650D8287DD4A87A22A29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
very short, and two very short
<emphasis id="26B61BBC5E3D1564C02B39C2C33C4D07" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation id="0FE46DF91B3ED251D482AB105B000287" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2A</figureCitation>
). Antennae (Figure
<figureCitation id="10DB6B3430125C5E609061525A2BF098" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2B</figureCitation>
) with conical, elongated sensorium (Se), four times as long as wide, and three sensilla basiconica. Clypeus (Figure
<figureCitation id="6096C7EEA001DFF9CBB0375135AC7815" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2C</figureCitation>
) trapezium-shaped, anterior margin slightly concave;
<emphasis id="76F4906B8E58736C5720DFB6B803DAC9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls2</emphasis>
short;
<emphasis id="4682396D11FA3D5D6B939F537E88D5ED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
close to
<emphasis id="0B5A7D8FF19F9C62CF79491249A8C829" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls2</emphasis>
. Labrum (Figure
<figureCitation id="47F92B9ED1666F73CB06696941EB7599" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2C</figureCitation>
) narrow, trapezium-shaped, anterior margin distinctly sinuate;
<emphasis id="032A9750FEB40E4B1D38B06AFBD69F77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs1</emphasis>
long,
<emphasis id="DC695322F38A97F20B67B2CB74F7F04E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs2</emphasis>
and
<emphasis id="16673753DED0FD0CC3120B7F7CB730F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs3</emphasis>
medium. Epipharynx (Figure
<figureCitation id="49887F2FFB3E92ACBBF2C0BDFBB25596" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2D</figureCitation>
) with three finger-like
<emphasis id="0A81F33742D009B7C69F908754C1B5AA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
of almost equal length; two finger-like
<emphasis id="7374ABC3190A5E20FA337214AAE9AC7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
, different in length; two short finger-like
<emphasis id="2839F536DA67B091C1C42AB32FDBF3B2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
; surface smooth; labral rods very short, rounded. Mandibles (Figure
<figureCitation id="20A443E9DBB90438E0A64E01BECD4419" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2E</figureCitation>
) conical, rather wide, with divided apex (teeth of different lengths, curved); small protuberance in the middle of the cutting edge; with two medium
<emphasis id="3DF5F350485D89D462BF628DEFBA2C5D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
capilliform, equal in length, placed transversely. Maxilla (Figure
<figureCitation id="72D1C1137A7B784214742D3F7F5F98AB" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2F</figureCitation>
) with one medium
<emphasis id="0F6A9211DCCC72184BDB5728608E395B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
and two medium
<emphasis id="95B0148A21851F188359BA880B97D20A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
;
<emphasis id="53B53FE99E6AEF7F83C5A528A8EE7DD6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
short; mala with six long rod-like
<emphasis id="E4A087ECEA35F684A2AF4769845220A1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
of almost equal size, five
<emphasis id="A2D5D6186BC66887E7855897CE089080" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
different in length. Maxillary palpi: basal palpomere distinctly wider and longer than distal. Prelabium (Figure
<figureCitation id="083301C467BF90C8C091B26110087DD3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2F</figureCitation>
) cup-like with one long
<emphasis id="F3858C2A3D9C019A4F1E4692E517C392" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
; ligula with two short
<emphasis id="CC99DB35F157597038375B59704094D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
of different length; premental sclerite weakly developed, cup-like. Postlabium (Figure
<figureCitation id="8A7F0B13D323364B55D16BCDCB1AEFC1" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at - antenna, clss - clypeal sensorium, des - dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, ls - lateral epicranial, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular, mes - median, mxps - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postlabial, prms - prelabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">2F</figureCitation>
) with short
<emphasis id="B1FAB3B512E6D8449A5E637021CCD90C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms1</emphasis>
, long
<emphasis id="7C20ACCC515F834FF7002CE57BCF272B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms2</emphasis>
, and short
<emphasis id="77A8EFE1CD3BE7781AECB51840C50EB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms3</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="233DD0608ECA1212D4A19189A952CB24" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419856" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="2173359A9E76B62170B9958A60F93531" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="219A93D48213B7611CE6F37A32DD1048" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 2.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="F0A5734FD3BFE4E3321D6A564314A2C1" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pascuorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pascuorum">
<emphasis id="44974DE10DE68F7DB3FEA0890E29B192" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus pascuorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mature larva, head and mouth parts
<emphasis id="65A7CE27557DD85C89B00D070FF1C91F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
head, frontal view
<emphasis id="42D8FE166F21785163C8CB6113E6D7AD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
antenna
<emphasis id="C4E72146E75FC5C2EB9AED69B29D19DE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
clypeus and labrum, dorsal view
<emphasis id="E385390790DE4E554321FC1F9AFC864E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">D</emphasis>
epipharynx
<emphasis id="1B3A1D9AB8B45D76421605FD52734458" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">E</emphasis>
left mandible
<emphasis id="517C54529F94A2D9787018567AC6C6E3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">F</emphasis>
maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations:
<emphasis id="40F9F74E3BD6EEC9D56D6B6CD4B2E08C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">at</emphasis>
- antenna,
<emphasis id="824DCD44DA524846E7648D3FC26F0BEC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">clss</emphasis>
- clypeal sensorium,
<emphasis id="E77145124043583D2EDD807E9D680DC8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">des</emphasis>
- dorsal epicranial, lr - labral rods, sb - sensillum basiconicum, Se - sensorium, st - stemmata, setae:
<emphasis id="8A8F061C449984620DBB563B8ABA2A6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">als</emphasis>
- anterolateral,
<emphasis id="A31F2B9F737A1B84717242249A506285" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ams</emphasis>
- anteromedial,
<emphasis id="EE690E8132D7A448758D8A74E4A38F4D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">cls</emphasis>
- clypeal,
<emphasis id="3ACEB6530B54B6B9E209FDE50B7EC0AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">dms</emphasis>
- dorsal malar,
<emphasis id="6F85A7802CE6C8199740CB48FA4AF3D7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fs</emphasis>
- frontal,
<emphasis id="3C9AC9DE02EAF7CBAF71AF9502C41363" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ligs</emphasis>
- ligular,
<emphasis id="79669027AF933B635C1B70917B1E35FB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">lrs</emphasis>
- labral,
<emphasis id="19D75E0492F83F184BB68367D2E83B29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
- lateral epicranial,
<emphasis id="8D2367B2961FEF36B2858FC0AC4F39A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mbs</emphasis>
- malar basiventral,
<emphasis id="4ADDEB73CEC7E642E78C394DE78DAD92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mds</emphasis>
- mandibular,
<emphasis id="4D7CB24734D2EAF3E4E03AC4B683F809" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mes</emphasis>
- median,
<emphasis id="3BB73AAC8E994034E0DF66B3BEF28D5C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">mxps</emphasis>
- maxillary palp,
<emphasis id="0C65CD4E6D83C8CAA40993CF09CA21BB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pes</emphasis>
- postepicranial,
<emphasis id="02B4010110A0E75C3585D383FE693FFB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ves</emphasis>
- ventral,
<emphasis id="FAE5E056473492EFF68392EBF0E2F8F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pfs</emphasis>
- palpiferal,
<emphasis id="21E2F8A9F96B4F1C4B1A6F8BDA95C5A0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pms</emphasis>
- postlabial,
<emphasis id="5C601790D1A096857D3E9A61ACB048B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">prms</emphasis>
- prelabial,
<emphasis id="D46360E39CE9CD689CF99D2A4C6C58AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">stps</emphasis>
- stipal,
<emphasis id="5E47B4E35DE10137BF0536F5B10C9DA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">vms</emphasis>
- ventral malar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A8B41330B8DE91A1215ECE5BCC0219A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="description">
<paragraph id="7523C48B55065E876B90A8FBDBC12659" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Description of pupa</paragraph>
<paragraph id="68C99AA209EC3D9D76A9B10E8A0ECC8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
(Figure
<figureCitation id="6012825535BC49D8C73C1336BEE3DF28" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Mecinus pascuorum pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419857" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">3A-C</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis id="9116FA3E641115E229C667D7613CECB1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Measurements</emphasis>
(in mm). Head width: 0.32-0.40. Body width: 0.90-1.20. Body length: 1.52-2.10.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="D77F0F7137B8FE1FA6B88BEFF83F9BF9" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="0CE4C0A3A5920C5CEF5D91C6C8AE5AD5" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Body</emphasis>
moderately stout, slightly curved, white. Rostrum moderately slender, medium long, about 2.5 times as long as wide, reaching mesocoxae. Antennae rather short. Pronotum 1.7 times as wide as long, with two, conical, protuberances apically (p-pr). Urogomorpi (ur) short, conical, with sclerotised apex (Figure
<figureCitation id="4E69A1991F14F1A5C21C1381F73A7264" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Mecinus pascuorum pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419857" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">3A-C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="96004FA8B917110F1BEE879B2678746F" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="86E9E00E734F2610D4799ED6196A9F0D" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
well visible, all setae (except those on rostrum and ventral part of abdomen) almost equal in length, medium. Head with one
<emphasis id="63DDC61BB522F52F161A1C28996F7609" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
. Rostrum with one minute
<emphasis id="9FC7BD3B9D7E1C9017F8EB0529CE4F43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
(Figure
<figureCitation id="504000DBAA2F51511F01E20EE01C3536" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Mecinus pascuorum pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419857" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">3A</figureCitation>
). Pronotum with two
<emphasis id="072ADC1134E4F0D450AF930A3CDF985B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
placed beside protuberances, two
<emphasis id="A0C145ADD5A3426F13BF9902E20F0EBA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
, one
<emphasis id="576FF3371BFF9FD3C0AE0F63C505AD3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
and three
<emphasis id="6E59100FF1EF31D33A47ACE78821E8A2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls.</emphasis>
Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with two setae placed laterally. Abdominal segments I-VIII with three setae situated posteriorly, two elongated setae laterally and three short setae ventrally (median setae distinctly bigger than others). Abdominal segment IX with two micro-setae ventrally.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8043C506A298A770B06D69604C137567" doi="10.3897/zookeys.939.50612.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/419857" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="22F0BE65D477FED382C809B9797805E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="A0DB723B9F3B75227A541A44019DEF51" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="B024846A072DB75DFC0456BD52F8D323" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1813" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Mecinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecinus pascuorum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pascuorum">
<emphasis id="E65AC92566FF4DEDF5001E00A285CA77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Mecinus pascuorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pupa habitus and chaetotaxy
<emphasis id="12801CCB73B674E28AC6F97EE050729E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">A</emphasis>
ventral view
<emphasis id="8D40906F2294A0A2FA30640EC6304DF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">B</emphasis>
lateral view
<emphasis id="CA20013891765E78A98C8A543E8FB12C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">C</emphasis>
dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I-III - number of thoracic segments, Abd. I-IX - number of abdominal segments, p-pr - pronotal protuberances, ur - urogomphi, setae:
<emphasis id="2AA9B7894EE16DBE8615E7359424E31C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">as</emphasis>
- apical,
<emphasis id="50827C9E2A83122D969CB6649DDCFDA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">d</emphasis>
- dorsal,
<emphasis id="7CB5CF653E06F9E3B28C2D222BC248D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ds</emphasis>
- discal,
<emphasis id="CFC073741D078D8670E2FF85F4CC0421" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">fes</emphasis>
- femoral,
<emphasis id="C256D1350BDDD56F031FA317EE766B5A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">l</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="88F28BDDA11EEDC86E6E40EB7F2247B4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">ls</emphasis>
- lateral,
<emphasis id="769106DA021C7AFBDB87B2854CAA0913" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">os</emphasis>
- orbital,
<emphasis id="DD4D51B4FEC4AEF684103624809E369D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">pls</emphasis>
- posterolateral,
<emphasis id="5DA5169CAD9A370A1A76C0543C15010E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">rs</emphasis>
- rostral.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0F9DB52ACCBBD9786792F1DF9D12E46A" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="notes">
<paragraph id="731FA7F2191FA0ED3F86C27327D79206" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Biological notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9F29B0FF0181337EDDA2E1959EBCCF08" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
This species lives on
<taxonomicName id="5CF325425F3CCB15844D3AF7C3E053D2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago lanceolata" order="Lamiales" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">
<emphasis id="B9CA0E5E96B459E42D50A8C9534F8ECC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Plantago lanceolata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
L. In spring, the female lays one egg per developing pyxidium, and each larva consumes the contents of a pyxidium, usually two seeds, without causing externally visible modification. Pupation takes place within the same pyxidium. Adults emerge from the beginning of summer until September. They overwinter in the soil (
<bibRefCitation id="5F0FD8869A01BDAB75DC284C2C9C5446" author="Hoffmann, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" refId="B23" refString="Hoffmann, A, 1958. Faune de France 62 Coleopteres Curculionides (Troisieme partie). Le Chevalier, Paris, 1209-1839." title="Faune de France 62 Coleopteres Curculionides (Troisieme partie). Le Chevalier, Paris, 1209 - 1839." year="1958">Hoffmann 1958</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="2061AAB32562E3D80A53882E4259F446" author="Scherf, H" journalOrPublisher="Arquivos Entomoloxicos" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" refId="B36" refString="Scherf, H, 1964. Die Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleuropaischen Curculioniden (Morphologie, Bionomie, Oekologie). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 506, 335 pp." title="Die Entwicklungsstadien der mitteleuropaischen Curculioniden (Morphologie, Bionomie, Oekologie). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft 506, 335 pp." year="1964">Scherf 1964</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="657EDA6DFB2A4F54F56E45EA8EDB0F57" author="Dickason, EA" journalOrPublisher="The Coleopterists' Bulletin" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="11 - 15" refId="B14" refString="Dickason, EA, 1968. Observations on the biology of Gymnaetron pascuorum (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The Coleopterists' Bulletin 22: 11 - 15" title="Observations on the biology of Gymnaetron pascuorum (Gyll.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." volume="22" year="1968">Dickason 1968</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A5A84BC2464100F6E874773E30968868" DOI="https://doi.org/10.33338/ef.50914" author="Nieminen, M" journalOrPublisher="Entomologica Fennica" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="30 - 52" refId="B32" refString="Nieminen, M, Vikberg, V, 2015. The insect community of Plantago lanceolata spikes in the Aland Islands, SW Finland. Entomologica Fennica 26: 30 - 52, DOI: https://doi.org/10.33338/ef.50914" title="The insect community of Plantago lanceolata spikes in the Aland Islands, SW Finland." url="https://doi.org/10.33338/ef.50914" volume="26" year="2015">Nieminen and Vikberg 2015</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="49ECBE08AD863766E08039C292B309F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="2BBAFA9D6601E4A08248D622CA343160" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">Remarks and comparative notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0ACC58D5E538125EE6B50DC5C6637AD8" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">
This species is one of the most common species in the genus, with a very large range of distribution: Europe, the Caucasian states, the Middle East, central Asia, and Algeria (
<bibRefCitation id="5D0821E7FBF8F9FA831E9384F2153186" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" author="Caldara, R" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 105" refId="B8" refString="Caldara, R, Fogato, V, 2013. Systematics of the weevil genus Mecinus Germar, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). I. Taxonomic treatment of the species. Zootaxa 3654: 1 - 105, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" title="Systematics of the weevil genus Mecinus Germar, 1821 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). I. Taxonomic treatment of the species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3654.1.1" volume="3654" year="2013">Caldara and Fogato 2013</bibRefCitation>
). It has been imported to North America, Australia and New Zealand (
<bibRefCitation id="CD320537FE66DB87AE1D693C439B21D5" author="O'Brien, CW" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="1 - 382" refId="B33" refString="O'Brien, CW, Wibmer, GJ, 1982. Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea). Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 34: 1 - 382" title="Annotated checklist of the weevils (Curculionidae sensu lato) of North America, Central America, and the West Indies (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea)." volume="34" year="1982">
<normalizedToken id="8B4DAB9A73C4DD64B551FCCB571C3345" originalValue="O’Brien">O'Brien</normalizedToken>
and Wibmer 1982
</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="B795DA67C2308F41A0447D67E1646FDA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98081.x" author="Debinski, DM" journalOrPublisher="Conservation Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="342 - 355" refId="B11" refString="Debinski, DM, Holt, RD, 2000. A survey and overview of habitat fragmentation experiments. Conservation Biology 14: 342 - 355, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98081.x" title="A survey and overview of habitat fragmentation experiments." url="https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.2000.98081.x" volume="14" year="2000">Debinski and Holt 2000</bibRefCitation>
) and recently collected in South Africa (
<bibRefCitation id="F60963DFA820637FB63F6D0371B7BEA8" author="Caldara, R" journalOrPublisher="Fragmenta Entomologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" pagination="129 - 167" refId="B7" refString="Caldara, R, Colonnelli, E, Osella, G, 2009. On recently collected South African Tychiini and Mecinini, with description of seven new species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae). Fragmenta Entomologica 41: 129 - 167" title="On recently collected South African Tychiini and Mecinini, with description of seven new species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae)." volume="41" year="2009">Caldara et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
). Morphologically, this species is more closely related to other species of the group, i.e.,
<taxonomicName id="2D248B47E5D5B4F15F514B1002BAA4E7" lsidName="M. latiusculus" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="latiusculus">
<emphasis id="56F4A1E19A7918CF2807BF6DE408C8B9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. latiusculus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Jacquelin du Val, 1855) and
<taxonomicName id="73A1A2BD3F0DC90368BB87F21BEC2E01" lsidName="M. ictericus" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="ictericus">
<emphasis id="54122BB16BCEC48E99171DC09F66B73D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. ictericus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
than to
<taxonomicName id="FD42B6F09E3AE8A13037FE11D792816A" lsidName="M. labilis" pageId="0" pageNumber="87" rank="species" species="labilis">
<emphasis id="142569D0E1232D5D6C50397B2F0EF01D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="87">M. labilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
studied herein, and this seems also to be corroborated by the preliminary molecular data (I.
<normalizedToken id="3CE5398262748405CF8A4BD4819F9DBB" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
, unpublished data). However, the relationships among the immatures of these species are closer than their relationships with all the other species currently known.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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