240 lines
36 KiB
XML
240 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="300769E56181EE6F7FF51FDDFFE36132" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.209856" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f6f1e1bc-e339-418e-8e91-151ad3ca02d1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="209856" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460494579483" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Zefa, Edison, Neutzling, Alexandre Schneid, Redü, Darlan Rutz, Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De & Martins, Luciano De Pinho" docDate="2012" docId="C564AF41FFEC3B48FF073D506240F815" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03360p067.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3360" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="395DD739FFEF3B4DFF903B2F6347FFF2" masterDocTitle="A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)" masterLastPageNumber="67" masterPageNumber="53" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698310746260" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="290A088B238B3F0787C3E3C3E42E770E">A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="6AFA08FC779D8FCA7796BB10591585BA" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="04E11774E6CE7FA5B28AAEC29B25E0D8">Zefa, Edison</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="8658C69662AAA7AEAA1041622AED5E79">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="DC86C8F62CF080743E7365EB3B70A89C">Neutzling, Alexandre Schneid</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="E925A556ECFDA96BA1C2AF08A2392D39">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9B00ADF45C066316E525A4D17BCDFEFC">Redü, Darlan Rutz</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5DF14DAA1AE86D182A6238A1ADE5DEB9">Oliveira, Gabriel Lobregat De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="C5EC3804CA22BF891806C5909BD95C70">Martins, Luciano De Pinho</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="7BD4A8ECB9D687A57F000D52F2CCFF5F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="AAA2FB0ED1E42C5E1D05EB111FA87C56">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="473C909FD8D1E0ED84B9E9B4EB87C6FE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.209856</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="C564AF41FFEC3B48FF073D506240F815" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5661256" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119520309" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5661256" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C564AF41FFEC3B48FF073D506240F815" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C564AF41FFEC3B48FF073D506240F815" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="05D74DDCFFEC3B4EFF073D506149F96B" box="[151,526,1663,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="4D721E57FFEC3B4EFF073D506149F96B" blockId="3.[151,526,1663,1689]" box="[151,526,1663,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="163AA93BFFEC3B4EFF073D506149F96B" bold="true" box="[151,526,1663,1689]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEC3B4EFF073D506149F96B" authority="Saussure" authorityName="Saussure" box="[151,526,1663,1689]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Oecanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineolatus">
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<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEC3B4EFF073D506149F96B" bold="true" box="[151,526,1663,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEC3B4EFF073D5062D0F96B" bold="true" box="[151,407,1663,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Oecanthus lineolatus</emphasis>
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Saussure
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="05D74DDCFFEC3B48FF073DE86240F815" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="4D721E57FFEC3B4EFF073DE862BBF909" blockId="3.[151,1436,1734,1787]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEC3B4EFF073DE8610BF92E" authority="Saussure, 1897: 254" authorityName="Saussure" authorityPageNumber="254" authorityYear="1897" box="[151,588,1734,1757]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Oecanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineolatus">
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<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEC3B4EFF073DE86237F92F" box="[151,368,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Oecanthus lineolatus</emphasis>
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Saussure, 1897: 254
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<typeStatus id="9276A0F5FFEC3B4EFDC73DE861CEF92E" box="[599,649,1735,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Type</typeStatus>
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locality:
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<collectingCountry id="35DA5EC7FFEC3B4EFD7D3DE9606AF92E" box="[749,813,1734,1756]" name="Brazil" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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, Rio Grande do Sul. A male labeled as
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<typeStatus id="9276A0F5FFEC3B4EFB403DE86658F92E" box="[1232,1311,1735,1756]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" type="syntype">syntype</typeStatus>
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in Muséum d'histoire naturelle de Genève.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D721E57FFEC3B4EFF073C086112F806" blockId="3.[151,1436,1831,2036]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">
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Male (
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<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEC3B4EFF713C086261F8CD" box="[225,294,1831,1855]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1758,1781]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,476,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,461,1734]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 4. Oecanthus lineolatus. 3 — male, habitus, dorsal view; 4 — female, habitus, dorsal view," httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209858/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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). Differs from
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<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEC3B4EFE443C076115F8B2" box="[468,594,1832,1856]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Oecanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEC3B4EFE443C076115F8B2" box="[468,594,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">O. pallidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="648A7F3EFFEC3B4EFDCB3C0761DEF8CD" box="[603,665,1832,1855]" pageId="3" pageNumber="56" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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by body color, being slightly darker as pale-green, pale-green head with yellow eyes (
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<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEC3B4EFEF23C636287F896" box="[354,448,1868,1892]" captionStart="FIGURES 5 – 8" captionStartId="5.[151,264,1186,1209]" captionTargetBox="[171,1418,186,1164]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,165,1182]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURES 5 – 8. Male head, dorsal. 5, 7 — Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 6, 8 — Oecanthus lineolatus. Arrow: maxillary palpi fifth joint depression." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209859/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Fig. 6, 8</figureCitation>
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); femur III translucent/pale-green variegated (
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<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEC3B4EFC553C63675FF896" box="[965,1048,1868,1892]" captionStart="FIGURES 9 – 14" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1711,1734]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,180,1690]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,151,1717]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 9 – 14. Legs and tegmina. 9 t— Oecanthus lineolatus tympanum, 10 — hind femur, 11 a, b, c—outer apical spurs, 12 d, e, f, g—inner apical spurs; 13 — Oecanthus pallidus n. sp. right tegmen, dorsal; 14 — Oecanthus lineolatus right tegmen, dorsal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209860/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
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); file teeth number 47±2.2 (42–51, n = 18); hindwings non caudate; metanotal gland scutum with two pairs of bristles
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<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEC3B4EFBC53C4067EFF875" box="[1109,1192,1903,1927]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,831,854]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,186,793]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,169,810]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 16. Metanotal glands. 15 — Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 16 — Oecanthus lineolatus. Conventions: Sc—scutum; St—scutellum; ss—scutoscutellar suture; tb—tuft of bristles; pml—posterior median lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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, tb; posterior median lobe of scutum as
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<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEC3B4EFEF63CBB62FFF85E" box="[358,440,1940,1964]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,831,854]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,186,793]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,169,810]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 16. Metanotal glands. 15 — Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 16 — Oecanthus lineolatus. Conventions: Sc—scutum; St—scutellum; ss—scutoscutellar suture; tb—tuft of bristles; pml—posterior median lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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, pml; no bristles on scutum and scutellun at scutoscutellar suture (
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<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEC3B4EFB383CBB67BBF85E" box="[1192,1276,1940,1964]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,831,854]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,186,793]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,169,810]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 16. Metanotal glands. 15 — Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 16 — Oecanthus lineolatus. Conventions: Sc—scutum; St—scutellum; ss—scutoscutellar suture; tb—tuft of bristles; pml—posterior median lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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, ss); scutellun as
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<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEC3B4EFF253C976241F822" box="[181,262,1976,2000]" captionStart="FIGURES 15 – 16" captionStartId="7.[151,264,831,854]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,186,793]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,169,810]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 15 – 16. Metanotal glands. 15 — Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 16 — Oecanthus lineolatus. Conventions: Sc—scutum; St—scutellum; ss—scutoscutellar suture; tb—tuft of bristles; pml—posterior median lobe." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209861/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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, St; supra-anal and subgenital plates as
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<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEC3B4EFD503C97607DF822" box="[704,826,1976,2000]" captionStart="FIGURES 17 – 20" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1883,1906]" captionTargetBox="[161,1430,924,1842]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1436,909,1861]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 17 – 20. Male subgenital and supra-anal plates. 17 — Oecanthus lineolatus supra-anal plate, 19 — subgential plate; 18 — Oecanthus pallidus n. sp. supra-anal plate, 20 — subgential plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209862/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Fig. 17, 19</figureCitation>
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, respectively; main lobe of pseudepiphallus lenticularshaped, projecting posteriorly (
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<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEC3B4EFE643CF3610FF806" box="[500,584,2012,2036]" captionStart="FIGURES 26 – 30" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1640,1663]" captionTargetBox="[188,1399,210,1618]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[162,1423,193,1629]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 26 – 30. Oecanthus phallic sclerites. 26 — Oecanthus pallidus n. sp. pseudepiphallus, dorsal; 27 — Oecanthus lineolatus pseudepiphallus, dorsal, 28 — posterior lobes of the endophallic sclerite, diagonal, 29 — endophallic sclerite, dorsal, 30 — ectophallic sclerite, dorsal. Conventions: End. Sc. p—posterior lobes of the endophallic sclerite; MLPs—main body of pseudepiphallus; R—rami; Ps. Ap—pseudepiphallic apodemes; arrows—ectophallic sclerite outer branch settled between posterior lobes of endophallic sclerite." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209864/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="56">Fig. 27</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D721E57FFEB3B49FF573BB86242FECD" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
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Male body measurements (in mm, n = 32). Body length 12.4±1.3 (10.4–15.1); head width: 1.7±0.05 (1.6–1.8); inter ocelli width: 0.7±0.1 (0.5–0.8); pronotum length 2.2±0.1 (2.02–2.5); pronotum width: 2±0.1 (1.8–2.2); hind femur length: 7.8±0.3 (7.4–8.4); hind tibia length–8.3±0.3 (7.7–8.9); tegmen length 12.1±0.3 (11.4–12.6, n = 15). Male phallic sclerites (
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<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEB3B49FE5F3A2B6108FEEE" box="[463,591,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 – 25" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1907,1930]" captionTargetBox="[182,1409,188,1851]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,161,1886]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 21 – 25. Oecanthus lineolatus genitalia. 21 — genitalia, diagonal, 22 — lateral; 23 — phallic sclerites, dorsal; 24 — ventral, 25 — lateral. Conventions: M-End. Sc—Median endophallic sclerite; L-End. Sc—lateral endophallic sclerite; End. Sc. p—endophallic sclerite posterior lobes; Ect. Sc—ectophallic sclerite; Ect. F—ectophallic fold; Dc—dorsal cavity; MLPs—main lobe of pseudepiphallus; R—rami; ss—spermatophore sac; amp—spermatophore ampulla; st—spermatophore" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209863/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Fig. 21–25</figureCitation>
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; 27–30). Similar to
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<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEB3B49FCAB3A2A60FDFEEE" box="[827,954,260,284]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Oecanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEB3B49FCAB3A2A60FDFEEE" box="[827,954,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">O. pallidus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="648A7F3EFFEB3B49FC543A2A6742FEEE" box="[964,1029,261,284]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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, differing in main body of pseudepiphallus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4D721E57FFEB3B49FF573A636640FE5E" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,428]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
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Calling song (
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<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEB3B49FEF53A6362A6FE96" box="[357,481,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[171,1423,220,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Calling songs of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp and Oecanthus lineolatus. 31 — spectrogram of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 32 — spectrogram of Oecanthus lineolatus; 33 — oscillograms of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp., a – chirp beginning with two isolated pulses (arrow), b – amplitude variation in the first pulse (arrow), c – broken chirp (arrow); 34 — oscillograms of Oecanthus lineolatus, a – broken chirp (arrow), b – regular train of pulses, c – amplitude variation in the first pulses (arrow), A – chirp first pulse, B – chirp last pulse, C – chirp duration, D – chirp period; 35 — regresson lines showing the effect of temperature on pulse rate for both species; 36 — relationship between pulse rate and frequency in both species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209865/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Fig. 32, 34</figureCitation>
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).
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<date id="39733897FFEB3B49FE683A63612BFE96" box="[504,620,332,356]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" value="2011-02-20">20.ii.2011</date>
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, 21h; 16°C; field recorded; dominant frequency 2570 Hz; chirp duration 0.88 s; chirp period 2.91 s; pulses per chirp 34; pulse rate 39; chirp rate 20.4. Individuals data, and relationship between frequency/pulse-rate and pulse-rate/temperature showed in
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<tableCitation id="004F2BECFFEB3B49FC043ABB609EFE5E" box="[916,985,404,428]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,235,1476,1497]" captionTargetBox="[151,1340,1522,2001]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 1. Calling song data of Oecanthus lineolatus. NA = parameter not analyzed." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/19B24EDFFFE33B41FF073EEB60AAFA2B" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" tableUuid="19B24EDFFFE33B41FF073EEB60AAFA2B">Tab. 1</tableCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEB3B49FC773ABB6729FE5E" box="[999,1134,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[171,1423,220,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Calling songs of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp and Oecanthus lineolatus. 31 — spectrogram of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 32 — spectrogram of Oecanthus lineolatus; 33 — oscillograms of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp., a – chirp beginning with two isolated pulses (arrow), b – amplitude variation in the first pulse (arrow), c – broken chirp (arrow); 34 — oscillograms of Oecanthus lineolatus, a – broken chirp (arrow), b – regular train of pulses, c – amplitude variation in the first pulses (arrow), A – chirp first pulse, B – chirp last pulse, C – chirp duration, D – chirp period; 35 — regresson lines showing the effect of temperature on pulse rate for both species; 36 — relationship between pulse rate and frequency in both species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209865/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Figs. 35–36</figureCitation>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="19B24EDFFFEB3B49FF073DF167E0F907" box="[151,1191,1758,1781]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209858/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" targetBox="[171,1415,476,1714]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="4D721E57FFEB3B49FF073DF167E0F907" blockId="4.[151,1191,1758,1781]" box="[151,1191,1758,1781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEB3B49FF073DF1627DF906" bold="true" box="[151,314,1758,1781]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">FIGURES 3–4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEB3B49FED03DF06150F907" box="[320,535,1759,1781]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Oecanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEB3B49FED03DF06150F907" box="[320,535,1759,1781]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Oecanthus lineolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. 3—male, habitus, dorsal view; 4—female, habitus, dorsal view,
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D721E57FFEB3B49FF573C146178F869" blockId="4.[151,1436,1851,1947]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEB3B49FF573C14624FF8A1" bold="true" box="[199,264,1851,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Note:</emphasis>
|
||
calling song of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEB3B49FE513C136115F8A1" box="[449,594,1851,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Oecanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEB3B49FE513C136115F8A1" box="[449,594,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">O. lineolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEB3B49FD1B3C13604EF8A1" box="[651,777,1851,1875]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Oecanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEB3B49FD1B3C13604EF8A1" box="[651,777,1851,1875]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">O. pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="648A7F3EFFEB3B49FC813C136009F8A1" box="[785,846,1852,1875]" pageId="4" pageNumber="57" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
showed intraspecific and individual variation in the chirp structure, including amplitude differences in the first pulse and/or failures along the chirp; some were highlighted in
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEB3B49FE983CAC6222F869" box="[264,357,1923,1947]" captionStart="FIGURES 31 – 36" captionStartId="10.[151,264,1676,1699]" captionTargetBox="[171,1423,220,1675]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,181,1688]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURES 31 – 36. Calling songs of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp and Oecanthus lineolatus. 31 — spectrogram of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 32 — spectrogram of Oecanthus lineolatus; 33 — oscillograms of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp., a – chirp beginning with two isolated pulses (arrow), b – amplitude variation in the first pulse (arrow), c – broken chirp (arrow); 34 — oscillograms of Oecanthus lineolatus, a – broken chirp (arrow), b – regular train of pulses, c – amplitude variation in the first pulses (arrow), A – chirp first pulse, B – chirp last pulse, C – chirp duration, D – chirp period; 35 — regresson lines showing the effect of temperature on pulse rate for both species; 36 — relationship between pulse rate and frequency in both species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209865/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="57">Figs. 33</figureCitation>
|
||
, a, b, c; 34, a, b, c).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="19B24EDFFFEA3B48FF073F8D6278FB25" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209859/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" targetBox="[171,1418,186,1164]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="4D721E57FFEA3B48FF073F8D6278FB25" blockId="5.[151,1436,1186,1239]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEA3B48FF073F8D627CFB4A" bold="true" box="[151,315,1186,1209]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">FIGURES 5–8.</emphasis>
|
||
Male head, dorsal. 5, 7—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEA3B48FDD63F8C604BFB4B" box="[582,780,1187,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Oecanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEA3B48FDD63F8C604BFB4B" box="[582,780,1187,1209]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Oecanthus pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="648A7F3EFFEA3B48FC833F8B600BFB4B" box="[787,844,1188,1209]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
; 6, 8—
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEA3B48FC093F8C6737FB4B" box="[921,1136,1187,1209]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Oecanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEA3B48FC093F8C6737FB4B" box="[921,1136,1187,1209]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Oecanthus lineolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Arrow: maxillary palpi fifth joint depression.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D721E57FFEA3B48FF573FD061C0FA55" blockId="5.[151,1436,1279,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Female (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEA3B48FEB83FD0622AFAE5" box="[296,365,1279,1303]" captionStart="FIGURES 3 – 4" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1758,1781]" captionTargetBox="[171,1415,476,1714]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,461,1734]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3 – 4. Oecanthus lineolatus. 3 — male, habitus, dorsal view; 4 — female, habitus, dorsal view," httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209858/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Similar in color to male, slightly larger in size; ovipositor rather robust, tipped with black (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEA3B48FAFE3FD063F1FAC9" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 42" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1728,1751]" captionTargetBox="[160,1422,228,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,201,1707]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 42. Ovipositor, subgenital and supra-anal plates. 37 — Oecanthus pallidus n. sp. ovipositor, dorsal, 39 — subgenital plate, 40 — supra-anal plate; 38 — Oecanthus lineolatus ovipositor, dorsal, 41 — subgenital plate, 42 — supra-anal plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209866/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 38</figureCitation>
|
||
); subgenital and supra-anal plates as
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEA3B48FDC63E0C6195FAC9" box="[598,722,1315,1339]" captionStart="FIGURES 37 – 42" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1728,1751]" captionTargetBox="[160,1422,228,1679]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,201,1707]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 37 – 42. Ovipositor, subgenital and supra-anal plates. 37 — Oecanthus pallidus n. sp. ovipositor, dorsal, 39 — subgenital plate, 40 — supra-anal plate; 38 — Oecanthus lineolatus ovipositor, dorsal, 41 — subgenital plate, 42 — supra-anal plate." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209866/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 41–42</figureCitation>
|
||
, respectively; body measurements (in mm, n = 10): body length 11.9±1.2 (10.1–13.3); head width 1.7±0.1 (1.5–1.8); inter ocelli width 0.7±0.04 (0.6–0.8); pronotum length 2.1±0.1 (1.9–2.2); pronotum width 1.8±0.1 (1.6–2.1); hind femur length 7.7±0.2 (7.4–8.2); hind tibia length 8.4±0.3 (7.7–8.9); ovipositor length 5±0.2 (4.7–5.2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D721E57FFEA3B48FF573E9C6387F9E1" blockId="5.[151,1436,1279,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Specimens examined.
|
||
<specimenCount id="5BCBD5DEFFEA3B48FE543E9C616EFA39" box="[452,553,1459,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="male">36 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="5BCBD5DEFFEA3B48FDF23E9C61A7FA39" box="[610,736,1459,1483]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="female">10 females</specimenCount>
|
||
, municipality of São Lourenço do Sul, district of São João da Reserva, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="35DA5EC7FFEA3B48FD3E3EF861B4FA1D" box="[686,755,1495,1519]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="28F97890FFEA3B48FD6B3EF860E1FA1D" box="[763,934,1495,1519]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="-31.294285">31º17’39.43’’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="28F97890FFEA3B48FC233EF86720FA1D" box="[947,1127,1495,1519]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" precision="1" value="-52.15077">52º09’02.76’’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="39733897FFEA3B48FBE33EF867AFFA1D" box="[1139,1256,1495,1519]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" value="2011-02-13">13/ii/2011</date>
|
||
. A.S. Neutzling
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEA3B48FF073ED46387F9E1" box="[151,192,1531,1555]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">leg.</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D721E57FFEA3B48FF573D3061B4F98D" blockId="5.[151,1436,1279,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Voucher specimes.
|
||
<specimenCount id="5BCBD5DEFFEA3B48FE353D30614BF9C5" box="[421,524,1567,1591]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="male">26 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and five females will be kept at collection of the Departamento de Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel) and,
|
||
<specimenCount id="5BCBD5DEFFEA3B48FB973D6C672BF9A9" box="[1031,1132,1603,1627]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" type="male">10 males</specimenCount>
|
||
and five females at Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4D721E57FFEA3B48FF573DA46240F815" blockId="5.[151,1436,1279,2023]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">
|
||
Habitat and behavior of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEA3B48FE473DA36114F951" box="[471,595,1675,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Oecanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pallidus" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEA3B48FE473DA36114F951" box="[471,595,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">O. pallidus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="648A7F3EFFEA3B48FDCB3DA361D0F951" box="[603,663,1676,1699]" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEA3B48FD5D3DA36019F951" box="[717,862,1675,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Oecanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lineolatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEA3B48FD5D3DA36019F951" box="[717,862,1675,1699]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">O. lineolatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both species were found in the boundary between tobacco plantation and native shrubs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEA3B48FDC23D8061EEF935" box="[594,681,1711,1735]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1286,1309]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,292,1246]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,273,1265]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitat of O. pallidus n. sp. and Oecanthus lineolatus. 43 — native trees and shrubs bordering tobacco plantation; 44 — Tobacco’s flowers, arrows indicate hole in the corolla; 45 — Oecanthus lineolatus stridulating in the tobacco leaf border, 46 — Oecanthus lineolatus stridulating in a chewed oval-shaped hole in the center of the leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209867/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 43</figureCitation>
|
||
), preferably dwelling plants of tobacco (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEA3B48FB163D9F6618F935" ID-CoL="47D7F" box="[1158,1375,1711,1735]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Nicotiana" kingdom="Plantae" order="Solanales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tabacum">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEA3B48FB163D9F6618F935" box="[1158,1375,1711,1735]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Nicotiana tabacum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and erva-lanceta (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEA3B48FEA03DFC62BBF919" ID-CoL="4Y778" box="[304,508,1747,1771]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEA3B48FEA03DFC62BBF919" box="[304,508,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Solidago chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); hiding immobile during day among the tobacco sprouting leaves and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEA3B48FA8E3DFB66DBF919" ID-CoL="4Y778" box="[1310,1436,1747,1771]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEA3B48FA8E3DFB66DBF919" box="[1310,1436,1747,1771]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">S. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
abaxial leaf surface; they were active at night, performing an omnivorous diet, including tobacco leaves, aphids and pollen, latter sometimes was accessed by chewing a hole in the corolla settled at anther position (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEA3B48FB403C346663F8C1" box="[1232,1316,1819,1843]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1286,1309]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,292,1246]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,273,1265]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitat of O. pallidus n. sp. and Oecanthus lineolatus. 43 — native trees and shrubs bordering tobacco plantation; 44 — Tobacco’s flowers, arrows indicate hole in the corolla; 45 — Oecanthus lineolatus stridulating in the tobacco leaf border, 46 — Oecanthus lineolatus stridulating in a chewed oval-shaped hole in the center of the leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209867/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 44</figureCitation>
|
||
); they also showed preference for inflorescence, fruits, as well as aphids from leaves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8ACD65D4FFEA3B48FC653C106734F8A5" ID-CoL="4Y778" box="[1013,1139,1855,1879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Solidago" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chilensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7FB9C245FFEA3B48FC653C106734F8A5" box="[1013,1139,1855,1879]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">S. chilensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; males began their calling song at dusk, peaking between 21h to 1h, and reducing activity towards at dawn; preferentially folded tobacco leaves were used as calling song perch (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEA3B48FDC33CA861EFF86D" box="[595,680,1927,1951]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1286,1309]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,292,1246]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,273,1265]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitat of O. pallidus n. sp. and Oecanthus lineolatus. 43 — native trees and shrubs bordering tobacco plantation; 44 — Tobacco’s flowers, arrows indicate hole in the corolla; 45 — Oecanthus lineolatus stridulating in the tobacco leaf border, 46 — Oecanthus lineolatus stridulating in a chewed oval-shaped hole in the center of the leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209867/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
|
||
); males also clewed an oval-shaped hole in the center of leaf setting the forewings against its edges to stridulate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="D5F602D2FFEA3B48FD003C8461A2F831" box="[656,741,1963,1987]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 – 46" captionStartId="12.[151,264,1286,1309]" captionTargetBox="[165,1425,292,1246]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,273,1265]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURES 43 – 46. Habitat of O. pallidus n. sp. and Oecanthus lineolatus. 43 — native trees and shrubs bordering tobacco plantation; 44 — Tobacco’s flowers, arrows indicate hole in the corolla; 45 — Oecanthus lineolatus stridulating in the tobacco leaf border, 46 — Oecanthus lineolatus stridulating in a chewed oval-shaped hole in the center of the leaf." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/209867/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="58">Fig. 46</figureCitation>
|
||
); other species of trees and shrubs were also used as perch to stridulate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |