275 lines
29 KiB
XML
275 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="F0FFFE3E77799F66737232AB9F9A4C23" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3926.3.9" ID-GBIF-Dataset="39b01cba-638e-45d5-8fbd-c5dd14bbda8d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="246016" ID-ZooBank="B63B9EAA-9C82-4258-BFD6-CBAD91BF68A4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461008192217" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Xue, Guo-Xi & Lo, Yik Fui Philip" docDate="2015" docId="03C4D365FFA9C410FF2557B2FF58FD98" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03926p447.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3926 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Erionota acroleuca subsp. apicalis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="447" masterDocId="FFFDAB1DFFA8C412FFB25725FF81FF91" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic note on Erionota acroleuca (Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881) stat. rest. (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="447" masterPageNumber="445" pageNumber="446" updateTime="1698566059882" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="B7A7EB1C964CC7D54183EDB80C558615">A taxonomic note on Erionota acroleuca (Wood-Mason & de Nicéville, 1881) stat. rest. (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="AD1954C7605B418682D35EBEE16A14B5">Xue, Guo-Xi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BFB74DE57A1581907AFA4F439F949BA1">Lo, Yik Fui Philip</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="A3022ED68A774DB48BF659DC36D44BFD">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0177078051F6E3EC25B64FCA9406918F">2015</mods:date>
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<treatment id="03C4D365FFA9C410FF2557B2FF58FD98" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6103010" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119599467" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6103010" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C4D365FFA9C410FF2557B2FF58FD98" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C4D365FFA9C410FF2557B2FF58FD98" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
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<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA9C413FF2557B2FBAAFF23" blockId="1.[151,1067,151,209]" box="[151,1067,151,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FF2557B2FE62FF20" box="[151,483,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="acroleuca" subSpecies="apicalis">
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<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FF2557B2FE62FF20" bold="true" box="[151,483,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Erionota acroleuca apicalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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de
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA9C413FDA257BDFCC6FF23" author="Jong" box="[528,839,152,178]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refString="de Jong, R. & Treadaway, C. G. (1992) Notizen uber einige Erionota-Arten nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Art (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 102 (8), 133 - 142." type="journal article" year="1992">Jong & Treadaway, 1992</bibRefCitation>
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, new combination
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA9C413FF25579FFE8AFF40" blockId="1.[151,1067,151,209]" box="[151,267,186,209]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13567EF6FFA9C413FF2D579FFE82FF40" box="[159,259,186,209]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 – 4" captionStartId="1.[151,269,1644,1667]" captionTargetBox="[155,1432,660,1619]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[155,1432,660,1620]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURES 1 – 4. Erionota acroleuca apicalis from S. Yunnan, China. 1. last instar larva; 2. pupal nest; 3. pupa; 4. male adult, scale bar = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246017/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Figs. 1–4</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37731F8FFA9C413FF255625FE74FE06" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA9C413FF255625FC2CFE86" blockId="1.[151,1436,256,407]" box="[151,941,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7D455DFFA9C413FF255625FC2CFE86" box="[151,941,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FF255625FEF2FE86" ID-CoL="3B55L" box="[151,371,256,279]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="thrax" subSpecies="thrax">
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<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FF255625FEF2FE86" box="[151,371,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Erionota thrax thrax</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FEC85625FD3CFE86" authority="Evans, 1932: 373" authorityName="Evans" authorityPageNumber="373" authorityYear="1932" box="[378,701,256,279]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="acroleuca" variety="apicalis">
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var.
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<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FE1A5625FE7DFE86" box="[424,508,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">apicalis</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA9C413FDB15625FD3CFE86" author="Evans" box="[515,701,256,279]" page="373" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1932">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA9C413FDB15625FD0AFE86" author="Evans" box="[515,651,256,279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refString="Evans, B. W. H. (1932) The identification of Indian Butterflies (Second Edition Revised). The Bombay Natural History Society, Madras, 454 pp." type="book" year="1932">Evans, 1932</bibRefCitation>
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: 373
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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(original description).
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA9C413FF255605FCA9FEC6" blockId="1.[151,1436,256,407]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7D455DFFA9C413FF255605FCA9FEC6" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
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<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FF255605FE23FEA6" box="[151,418,288,311]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FF255605FEE9FEA6" box="[151,360,288,311]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleuca">Erionota acroleuca</taxonomicName>
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apex
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</emphasis>
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:
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA9C413FE005605FD62FEA6" author="Inoue" box="[434,739,288,311]" page="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1970">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA9C413FE005605FD62FEA6" author="Inoue" box="[434,739,288,311]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refString="Inoue, S. & Kawazoe, A. (1970) Hesperiid Butterflies from South Vietnam (5). Tyo to Ga, 21 (1 & 2), 1 - 14." type="journal article" year="1970">Inoué & Kawazoé (1970: 3)</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(description and illustrations of male and female genitalia); Ek-
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA9C413FF755665FE27FEC6" author="Amnuay" box="[199,422,320,343]" page="810" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="2006">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA9C413FF755665FE27FEC6" author="Amnuay" box="[199,422,320,343]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refString="Ek-Amnuay, P. (2006) Butterflies of Thailand. Fascinating insects Vol. 2 (1 st edition). Amarin Printing and Publishing, Bangkok, 849 pp." type="book" year="2006">Amnuay (2006: 810)</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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(description, color plates of adults).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA9C413FF255645FE74FE06" blockId="1.[151,1436,256,407]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7D455DFFA9C413FF255645FE74FE06" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FF255645FE27FEE6" box="[151,422,352,375]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hiraca" subSpecies="apicalis">
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<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FF255645FE27FEE6" box="[151,422,352,375]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Erionota hiraca apicalis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
: de
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA9C413FE6D5645FCC1FEE6" author="Jong" box="[479,832,352,375]" page="135" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1992">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA9C413FE6D5645FCC1FEE6" author="Jong" box="[479,832,352,375]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refString="de Jong, R. & Treadaway, C. G. (1992) Notizen uber einige Erionota-Arten nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Art (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 102 (8), 133 - 142." type="journal article" year="1992">Jong & Treadaway (1992: 135)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(description, distribution);
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACC4462FFA9C413FBC65645FEC5FE06" author="Devyatkin" page="172" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" year="1999">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA9C413FBC65645FEC5FE06" author="Devyatkin" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refString="Devyatkin, A. L. & Monastyrskii, A. L. (1999) Hesperiidae of Vietnam, 5. An annotated list of the Hesperiidae of North and Central Vietnam (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). Atalanta, 29 (1 / 4), 151 - 184." type="journal article" year="1999">Devyatkin & Monastyrskii (1999: 172)</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
(nomenclature).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C37731F8FFA9C410FF2556E7FC1DFF65" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA9C413FF2556E7FE89FDCE" blockId="1.[151,1437,450,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
|
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<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FF2556E7FEF8FE48" bold="true" box="[151,377,450,473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Material examined.</emphasis>
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||
1♀, Menglun, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan,
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<collectingCountry id="F37A22E3FFA9C413FC4856E7FBBDFE48" box="[1018,1084,450,473]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="4C95CF96FFA9C413FBF856E7FB0BFE48" box="[1098,1162,450,473]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" unit="m" value="570.0">570m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFD344B3FFA9C413FB2A56E7FA87FE48" box="[1176,1286,450,473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" value="2004-09-07">7.IX.2004</date>
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, leg. Y. Qiao (
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<collectionCode id="ED7CFAB6FFA9C413FF2C56C1FF61FE6A" box="[158,224,484,507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">ZULI</collectionCode>
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);
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<specimenCount id="9D6BA9FAFFA9C413FF4A56C1FE9CFE6A" box="[248,285,484,507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" type="generic">1♂</specimenCount>
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1♀, Nangongshan, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan,
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<collectingCountry id="F37A22E3FFA9C413FC7556C1FB88FE6A" box="[967,1033,484,507]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">China</collectingCountry>
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,
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<quantity id="4C95CF96FFA9C413FBAA56C1FBE5FE6A" box="[1048,1124,484,507]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000m</quantity>
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,
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<date id="FFD344B3FFA9C413FBC656C1FB6FFE6A" box="[1140,1262,484,507]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" value="2012-03-29">29.III.2012</date>
|
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, leg. Y.F.P. Lo, reared from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FEAD5520FE6FFD8D" box="[287,494,517,540]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Caryota" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ochlandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FEAD5520FE6FFD8D" box="[287,494,517,540]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Caryota ochlandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, emgd.
|
||
<date id="FFD344B3FFA9C413FDFA5520FD40FD8D" box="[584,705,517,540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" value="2012-04-22">22.IV.2012</date>
|
||
, genitalia preparation: YFL h0032 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED7CFAB6FFA9C413FBF95520FB19FD8D" box="[1099,1176,517,540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">KFBG</collectionCode>
|
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);
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6BA9FAFFA9C413FB1F5520FB50FD8D" box="[1197,1233,517,540]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" type="generic">2♂</specimenCount>
|
||
, Laohutiao Nature Reserve, Napo County, Baise, Guangxi,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A22E3FFA9C413FDFB5503FD0AFDAC" box="[585,651,550,573]" name="China" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4C95CF96FFA9C413FD255503FD56FDAC" box="[663,727,550,573]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" unit="m" value="370.0">370m</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FFD344B3FFA9C413FD505503FCD2FDAC" box="[738,851,550,573]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" value="2014-02-24">24.II.2014</date>
|
||
, leg. Y.F.P. Lo, pupa from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FBC65503FACDFDAC" box="[1140,1356,550,573]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Arenga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="westerhoutii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FBC65503FACDFDAC" box="[1140,1356,550,573]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Arenga westerhoutii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, emgd.
|
||
<date id="FFD344B3FFA9C413FF25556DFE84FDCE" box="[151,261,584,607]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" value="2014-03-08">8.III.2014</date>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF1232FBFFA9C413FF255149FE0EF934" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/246017/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" targetBox="[155,1432,660,1619]" targetPageId="1">
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<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA9C413FF255149FE0EF934" blockId="1.[151,1436,1644,1701]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FF255149FEC2F912" bold="true" box="[151,323,1644,1667]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">FIGURES 1–4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FEF95149FDF7F912" box="[331,630,1644,1667]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="acroleuca" subSpecies="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FEF95149FDF7F912" box="[331,630,1644,1667]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Erionota acroleuca apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from S. Yunnan, China. 1. last instar larva; 2. pupal nest; 3. pupa; 4. male adult, scale bar = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA9C413FF7551F7FEF1F842" blockId="1.[151,1436,1746,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FF7551F7FE18F978" bold="true" box="[199,409,1746,1769]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Immature biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Host plant records are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FD2151F7FCDEF978" box="[659,863,1746,1769]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Caryota" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ochlandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FD2151F7FCDEF978" box="[659,863,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Caryota ochlandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Yunnan and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FBBA51F7FB61F978" box="[1032,1248,1746,1769]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Arenga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="westerhoutii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FBBA51F7FB61F978" box="[1032,1248,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Arenga westerhoutii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Guangxi, both species belong to the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FE6351D1FDC5F89A" box="[465,580,1780,1803]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Eggs are laid in cluster on the underside of host plant. The larvae on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FAF651D1FE84F8BD" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Caryota" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ochlandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FAF651D1FE84F8BD" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Caryota ochlandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stay on different pinnae of the same secondary rachis and roll the pinnae into a cone-shape shelter. The pupa is pale cream in colour with brown spiracles and is sealed in a cocoon. The proboscis is long, extending just beyond the cremaster. The cremaster is attached to a diffuse silk pad and there is no girdle. The length of pupa is
|
||
<quantity id="4C95CF96FFA9C413FB6F507DFAA0F8FE" box="[1245,1313,1880,1903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" unit="mm" value="33.0">33mm</quantity>
|
||
(n=2). The pupa shelter on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FE8D505CFD97F801" box="[319,534,1913,1936]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Arenga" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="westerhoutii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FE8D505CFD97F801" box="[319,534,1913,1936]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Arenga westerhoutii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is constructed by rolling the undersurface of the apex half of rachis laterally. Similar to the other two Chinese
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FE1750BFFD85F820" box="[421,516,1946,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FE1750BFFD85F820" box="[421,516,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">Erionota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FDD450BFFD3DF820" box="[614,700,1946,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="torus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FDD450BFFD3DF820" box="[614,700,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">E. torus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FD4350BFFCE1F820" box="[753,864,1946,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grandis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FD4350BFFCE1F820" box="[753,864,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">E. grandis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the larva and pupa of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FBE850BFFB60F820" box="[1114,1249,1946,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleuca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FBE850BFFB60F820" box="[1114,1249,1946,1969]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">E. acroleuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are covered with white waxy powder.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD26273FFA9C410FF7550F8FC1DFF65" blockId="1.[151,1436,1746,2036]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,152,521]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="447" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFA9C413FF7550F8FE01F865" author="Kitamura" box="[199,384,2013,2036]" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" refString="Kitamura, M. (2003) Letters from Samar / Leyte (7). Larval stages of three miscellaneous skippers. TSU I SO, (1112 / 1113), 1 - 19. [in Japanese]" type="journal article" year="2003">Kitamura (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported the immature stage of
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FD4E50F8FC48F865" box="[764,969,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FD4E50F8FC0BF865" box="[764,906,2013,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acroleuca">E. acroleuca</taxonomicName>
|
||
apex
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(as
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFA9C413FBB050F8FB2AF865" box="[1026,1195,2013,2036]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="446">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFA9C413FBB050F8FBEDF865" box="[1026,1132,2013,2036]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="446" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraca">E. hiraca</taxonomicName>
|
||
apex
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
) from Samar Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A22E3FFAAC410FF2557BDFE8EFF3E" box="[151,271,152,175]" name="Philippines" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
and the recorded host plant was
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFAAC410FDC057BDFCE2FF3E" box="[626,867,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Livistonia rotundifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFAAC410FCC357BDFC67FF3E" box="[881,998,152,175]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Arecaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The second author of the present paper also reared two individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFAAC410FE40579FFD5CFF40" box="[498,733,186,209]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="acroleuca" subSpecies="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFAAC410FE40579FFD5CFF40" box="[498,733,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">E. acroleuca apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from an unidentified palm in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A22E3FFAAC410FB88579FFB27FF40" box="[1082,1190,186,209]" name="Singapore" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
(unpublished record). Available information reveals that the species is primarily a palm feeder.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C37731F8FFAAC410FF755625FF58FD98" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD26273FFAAC410FF755625FC4CFE30" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFAAC410FF755625FEB4FE86" bold="true" box="[199,309,256,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
As an infrasubspecific name,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFAAC410FD125625FC0DFE86" box="[672,908,256,279]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="thrax" subSpecies="thrax">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFAAC410FD125625FC0DFE86" box="[672,908,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Erionota thrax thrax</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFAAC410FC295625FB3EFE86" authority="Evans, 1932" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1932" box="[923,1215,256,279]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="variety" species="acroleuca" variety="apicalis">
|
||
var.
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFAAC410FC635625FBA4FE86" box="[977,1061,256,279]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFAAC410FB865625FB3EFE86" author="Evans" box="[1076,1215,256,279]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" refString="Evans, B. W. H. (1932) The identification of Indian Butterflies (Second Edition Revised). The Bombay Natural History Society, Madras, 454 pp." type="book" year="1932">Evans, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is nomenclaturally unavailable. de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFAAC410FEF85607FDF3FEA8" author="Jong" box="[330,626,290,313]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" refString="de Jong, R. & Treadaway, C. G. (1992) Notizen uber einige Erionota-Arten nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Art (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 102 (8), 133 - 142." type="journal article" year="1992">Jong & Treadaway (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
treated
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFAAC410FD615607FCA6FEA8" box="[723,807,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
as a good subspecies of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFAAC410FBE35607FB38FEA8" box="[1105,1209,290,313]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hiraca">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFAAC410FBE35607FB38FEA8" box="[1105,1209,290,313]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">E. hiraca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and used the name “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D19F0FFAAC410FF115660FDCFFECD" authority="Evans, 1932" authorityName="Evans" authorityYear="1932" box="[163,590,325,348]" class="Insecta" family="Hesperiidae" genus="Erionota" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="hiraca" subSpecies="apicalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFAAC410FF115660FE32FECD" box="[163,435,325,348]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Erionota hiraca apicalis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFAAC410FE725660FDCFFECD" author="Evans" box="[448,590,325,348]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" refString="Evans, B. W. H. (1932) The identification of Indian Butterflies (Second Edition Revised). The Bombay Natural History Society, Madras, 454 pp." type="book" year="1932">Evans, 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. This act actually established a new subspecific combination which is an available name. According to Article 45.5.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (Fourth Edition), the authorship of this name should be attributed to de
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC1F82FFAAC410FD1C56AFFC48FE30" author="Jong" box="[686,969,394,417]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447" refString="de Jong, R. & Treadaway, C. G. (1992) Notizen uber einige Erionota-Arten nebst Beschreibung einer neuen Art (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae). Entomologische Zeitschrift, 102 (8), 133 - 142." type="journal article" year="1992">Jong & Treadaway (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD26273FFAAC410FF755688FF58FD98" blockId="2.[151,1436,152,521]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">
|
||
<emphasis id="B919BE61FFAAC410FF755688FE2BFE55" bold="true" box="[199,426,429,452]" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Acknowledgements.</emphasis>
|
||
Field work in Guangxi,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A22E3FFAAC410FD015688FD72FE55" box="[691,755,429,452]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
was assisted by Napo County Forestry Department. This study is supported by the National Science Foundation of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A22E3FFAAC410FD0E56F5FD7DFE76" box="[700,764,464,487]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(41401067) and the Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37A22E3FFAAC410FAD256F5FF57FD98" name="Hong Kong" pageId="2" pageNumber="447">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |