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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864" ID-PMC="PMC4956916" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-64-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FF986A234A327324FFD9B756FF91FFB9" ID-PubMed="27489483" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576339" ModsDocID="1314-2003-64-1" checkinTime="1465845097482" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hensold, Nancy" docDate="2016" docId="D5B3804CE0A9B496DFD2EE7FE620DE77" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 64: 1-57" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 64" docPubDate="2016-06-13" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864" docTitle="Paepalanthus lodiculoides Moldenke" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="FF986A234A327324FFD9B756FF91FFB9" lastPageNumber="32" masterDocId="FF986A234A327324FFD9B756FF91FFB9" masterDocTitle="The Andean Paepalanthus pilosus complex (Eriocaulaceae): a revision with three new taxa" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="28" updateTime="1668141705855" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The Andean Paepalanthus pilosus complex (Eriocaulaceae): a revision with three new taxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hensold, Nancy</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Keller Science Action Center, The Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lakeshore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605 - 2496, USA</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2016-06-13</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>64</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
<mods:end>57</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-64-1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FF986A234A327324FFD9B756FF91FFB9</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576339</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127876526" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D5B3804CE0A9B496DFD2EE7FE620DE77" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5B3804CE0A9B496DFD2EE7FE620DE77" lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
<subSubSection pageId="27" pageNumber="28" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="27" pageNumber="28">
4.
<taxonomicName LSID="D5B3804C-E0A9-B496-DFD2-EE7FE620DE77" authority="Moldenke" authorityName="Moldenke" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus lodiculoides" order="Poales" pageId="27" pageNumber="28" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lodiculoides">Paepalanthus lodiculoides Moldenke</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Capitula and leaf tips of Paepalanthus pilosus and relatives A-E Fruiting capitula with diaspores; sepals detaching (A, D) or intact (C, E) A Paepalanthus dendroides B-C Paepalanthus caryonauta D Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus E Paepalanthus lodiculoides F-J Paepalanthus pilosus var. pilosus, involucral bract variation. Arrows = tips of the torn peduncle sheath. (A Davidse 28991 B Barclay 5176, Ecuador C Dudley 11060, Peru D Cuatrecasas 25574 E Ollgaard 9717 F Cuatrecasas 25882 G Cuatrecasas 5553 H Ollgaard 9557 I Cano 16840 J Jorgensen 2366.)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92244" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">Figs 2E</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Paepalanthus lodiculoides. A Habit B-H Pistillate flower and fruit B Petal, adaxial C Petal, abaxial D Gynoecium (ovary abortive, atypical.) E Mature diaspore F-G Diaspore (F) with sepals removed (G) H Seed. (A Cuatrecasas 25987 B-D Barclay 6113 E-G Ollgaard 9717 H Steyermark 57372)" figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92252" pageId="27" pageNumber="28">, 10</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="reference_group">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus lodiculoides" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lodiculoides">
<pageBreakToken pageId="28" pageNumber="29" start="start">Paepalanthus</pageBreakToken>
lodiculoides
</taxonomicName>
Moldenke, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 68: 68. 1941 [31 Dec 1940].
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1948" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Syngonanthus steyermarkii" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steyermarkii">Syngonanthus steyermarkii</taxonomicName>
Moldenke, Phytologia 2: 418. 1948. Type: Venezuela.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
:
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tamá">Tama</normalizedToken>
, near Venezuelan-Colombian border, 3045-3475 m, 15 July 1944,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">J. Steyermark 57372</emphasis>
(holotype: NY [NY00103700]; isotype: F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1962" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus polytrichoides subsp. var. var. densus" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="polytrichoides" subSpecies="var." variety="densus">Paepalanthus polytrichoides var. densus</taxonomicName>
Moldenke, Phytologia 8: 392. 1962. Type: Colombia. Cundinamarca: Paramo de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chisacá">Chisaca</normalizedToken>
, around Laguna de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chisacá">Chisaca</normalizedToken>
, 3650-3700 m, 29 Dec 1959,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">J. Cuatrecasas &amp; R. Jaramillo M. 25737</emphasis>
(holotype: LL; isotypes: COL [COL000006924], US [US00088389]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1975" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus lodiculoides subsp. var. var. floccosus" order="Poales" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="lodiculoides" subSpecies="var." variety="floccosus">Paepalanthus lodiculoides var. floccosus</taxonomicName>
Moldenke, Phytologia 32: 47. 1975. Type: Colombia.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
: Paramo de la Sarna, entre Sogamoso y Vado Hondo, 5 km al NE de la Laguna de Tota, 3510 m, 30 Mar 1973,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">A. Cleef et al. 9214</emphasis>
(holotype: COL [COL000006910]; isotype: LL, U [U0007809], US [US00088365]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<materialsCitation accessionNumber="BC638454" collectingDate="1938-09-12" collectorName="de Cocuy, J. Cuatrecasas, H. Garcia Barriga" country="US" elevation="4000" location="Alto Valle" municipality="Lagunillas" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Nevado" typeStatus="holotype">
Colombia.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
:
<collectingRegion country="United States of America" name="Nevada">Nevado</collectingRegion>
<collectorName>de Cocuy</collectorName>
,
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D5B3804CE0A9B496DFD2EE7FE620DE77:C1E1E0F0D81B332EA3D5EFCBFACB3B58" country="US" municipality="Lagunillas" name="Alto Valle" stateProvince="Nevado">Alto Valle</location>
de las
<collectingMunicipality>Lagunillas</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="4000.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="4000.0">4000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1938-09-12">12 Sept 1938</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
<collectorName>J. Cuatrecasas</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>
H.
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
Barriga
</collectorName>
1537
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
: US [
<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
00088366]; isotypes: BC [
<accessionNumber httpUri="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nucleotide/BC638454">BC638454</accessionNumber>
], COL [COL000006909], F, NY [NY00102897], P [P00741963])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph lastPageId="30" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">
Plants compact densely branched mosslike cushions, reportedly up to 23 cm in diameter (
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Soderstrom 1262</emphasis>
) and 2 cm high (
<bibRefCitation author="Pedraza-Penalosa, P" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" publicationUrl="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" refId="B48" refString="Pedraza-Penalosa, P, Betancur, J, Franco-Rosselli, P, 2005. Chisaca, un recorrido por los paramos andinos. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" title="Chisaca, un recorrido por los paramos andinos" url="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" year="2005">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pedraza-Peñalosa">Pedraza-Penalosa</normalizedToken>
et al. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="28" pageNumber="29">Leaves</emphasis>
1.7-5 (-6.5) mm long including broad basal sheath, the sheath often com
<pageBreakToken pageId="29" pageNumber="30" start="start">prising</pageBreakToken>
half or more of the leaf length, the lamina subulate, dark to pale green, ca. 0.25-0.35 mm wide in the middle when mature, apex sharply acute (Loja) to subacute or minutely rounded; leaves densely congested along the short stems, and often half buried in deep woolly pubescence of the stem and lower leaf cilia, the tips glabrous.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Peduncles</emphasis>
(2-) 5-11 mm long, usually exsert 1 mm or more from sheaths and leaf mat at anthesis, obscurely 3-costate and often scurfy-pilose in lower half, rigid, subterete, and glabrous at apex.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Peduncle sheaths</emphasis>
(1.7-) 3-5 mm long, with an oblique scarious, sharp-acuminate to irregular or bifid apex, glabrous or obscurely tufted apically, margins eciliate (but
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">cf.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1948" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Syngonanthus steyermarkii" order="Poales" pageId="29" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steyermarkii">Syngonanthus steyermarkii</taxonomicName>
type, see below).
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Capitula</emphasis>
(1.4-) 2.5-3 mm in diameter. Involucres about equaling flowers; involucral bracts ovate to orbicular-ovate, dark black-brown throughout or paler brown along midvein, tufted at apex with clavate to linear, smooth to slightly tuberculate trichomes.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Flowers</emphasis>
ca. 4-6 per capitulum, sex ratio of capitula varying widely, from flowers all male to mostly female to some mixture of the two, even on same plant, the few flowers mostly peripheral, subtended by broad upper involucral bracts; receptacular bracts only rarely produced, these narrower and more oblong than involucral bracts, and carinate at base.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Pistillate flowers</emphasis>
: Pedicels sclerified, blackish, 0.1-0.15 mm, persisting on receptacle as bumps.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="29" pageNumber="30">Sepals</emphasis>
broadly elliptic to suborbicular, strongly rounded-cymbiform in fruit, 1.2-1.7 mm long by ca. 0.65 mm wide at middle, 0.35-0.45 mm wide at base, deep blackish brown, sometimes with a pale medial streak, tufted with trichomes at apex.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<pageBreakToken pageId="30" pageNumber="31" start="start">Petals</pageBreakToken>
</emphasis>
oblong-obovate to broadly spatulate, acute-erose to acuminate, 1.1-1.6 mm
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.4-0.7 mm, cream to nearly black, the distal half moderately pilose on both surfaces in two submedial or submarginal bands.
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Gynoecium</emphasis>
at anthesis with ovary ca. 0.3 mm, style column 0.3 mm, nectaries ca. 0.35-0.6 mm, the glandular portion about equaling the stalk, clavate, the papillae soft and membranous, concentrated at apex but scattered along outside, colorless or tinged orange-brown at base, style branches 0.7-0.9 mm, brownish. Seeds 0.55-0.6 mm long, reticulate with short pseudotrichomes; locule wall thin, dehiscent or in some specimens observed adhering to the seeds, and the locules splitting apart without dehiscing (perhaps only in dry material).
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Staminate flowers</emphasis>
: Pedicels 0.15-0.25 mm, brown. Sepals broadly spatulate, blackish toward apex, tufted; corolla with narrow membranous anthophore and broad tube with acute to acuminate lobes; anthers cream, exsert; the nectaries only half-equaling the corolla sinuses.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
In Peru, flowering May-June (early in dry season); in Ecuador, September; in Colombia and Venezuela, July-Sept and Nov-March.
<bibRefCitation author="Pedraza-Penalosa, P" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" publicationUrl="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" refId="B48" refString="Pedraza-Penalosa, P, Betancur, J, Franco-Rosselli, P, 2005. Chisaca, un recorrido por los paramos andinos. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" title="Chisaca, un recorrido por los paramos andinos" url="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" year="2005">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pedraza-Peñalosa">Pedraza-Penalosa</normalizedToken>
et al. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
reports flowering times similar to
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at Chisaca, corresponding to the &quot;little dry season.&quot;
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
Colombia (Eastern Cordillera);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">Bogota</normalizedToken>
D.C.,
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">Boyaca</normalizedToken>
, Cundinamarca, Santander. Venezuela (Paramo de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tamá">Tama</normalizedToken>
):
<normalizedToken originalValue="Táchira">Tachira</normalizedToken>
. Ecuador: Loja. Peru: Piura. This is the first report of the species from Peru. (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Distribution of Paepalanthus dendroides, Paepalanthus huancabambensis, and Paepalanthus lodiculoides." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92250" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">8</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
In paramo, at (3000-) 3300-4000 m. Cited by some authors as characteristic of very wet
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo">paramo</normalizedToken>
of lake margins, bogs, and in grass paramo (
<bibRefCitation author="Madrinan, S" journalOrPublisher="Laboratorio de Botanica &amp; Sistematica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" publicationUrl="https://chingaza.uniandes.edu.co/FIC/" refId="B34" refString="Madrinan, S, Zapata, F, 2001. Flora Ilustrada del Paramo de Chingaza, Colombia. Laboratorio de Botanica &amp; Sistematica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, https://chingaza.uniandes.edu.co/FIC/ [on 8 June 2014]" title="Flora Ilustrada del Paramo de Chingaza, Colombia" url="https://chingaza.uniandes.edu.co/FIC/" year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Madriñán">Madrinan</normalizedToken>
and Zapata 2001
</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation author="Pedraza-Penalosa, P" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" publicationUrl="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" refId="B48" refString="Pedraza-Penalosa, P, Betancur, J, Franco-Rosselli, P, 2005. Chisaca, un recorrido por los paramos andinos. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" title="Chisaca, un recorrido por los paramos andinos" url="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" year="2005">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pedraza-Peñalosa">Pedraza-Penalosa</normalizedToken>
et al. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
). However
<bibRefCitation author="Cleef, AM" journalOrPublisher="Dissertationes Botanicae" pageId="45" pageNumber="46" pagination="1 - 320" refId="B8" refString="Cleef, AM, 1981. The vegetation of the paramos of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental. Dissertationes Botanicae 61: 1 - 320" title="The vegetation of the paramos of the Colombian Cordillera Oriental." volume="61" year="1981">Cleef (1981)</bibRefCitation>
reports
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1975" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus lodiculoides subsp. var. var. floccosus" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="lodiculoides" subSpecies="var." variety="floccosus">Paepalanthus lodiculoides var. floccosus</taxonomicName>
from the &quot;upper zone of atmospherically dry [bunchgrass]
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo,”">paramo,&quot;</normalizedToken>
on the west side of the Eastern Cordillera, and the typical variety from &quot;lower bamboo
<normalizedToken originalValue="páramo”">paramo&quot;</normalizedToken>
on atmospherically wet (east) slopes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="conservation notes">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Conservation notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Known from two disjunct bands of paramo, one 420 km long in the north, and one about 100 km long in the south, under cool wet conditions.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="31" lastPageNumber="32" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" type="discussion">
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="30" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus lodiculoides" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lodiculoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Paepalanthus lodiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is easily distinguished from all other species in the group by the tiny moss-like leaves, delicate peduncles, and small capitula. The diaspores enclosed by persistent sepals and petals are similar to those of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hensold" authorityYear="2016" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus caryonauta" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="caryonauta">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Paepalanthus caryonauta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. According to
<bibRefCitation author="Madrinan, S" journalOrPublisher="Laboratorio de Botanica &amp; Sistematica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" publicationUrl="https://chingaza.uniandes.edu.co/FIC/" refId="B34" refString="Madrinan, S, Zapata, F, 2001. Flora Ilustrada del Paramo de Chingaza, Colombia. Laboratorio de Botanica &amp; Sistematica, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, https://chingaza.uniandes.edu.co/FIC/ [on 8 June 2014]" title="Flora Ilustrada del Paramo de Chingaza, Colombia" url="https://chingaza.uniandes.edu.co/FIC/" year="2001">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Madriñán">Madrinan</normalizedToken>
and Zapata (2001)
</bibRefCitation>
this species forms larger and more compact cushions than
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
at
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
Chingaza, Cundinamarca.
<bibRefCitation author="Pedraza-Penalosa, P" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" publicationUrl="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" refId="B48" refString="Pedraza-Penalosa, P, Betancur, J, Franco-Rosselli, P, 2005. Chisaca, un recorrido por los paramos andinos. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" title="Chisaca, un recorrido por los paramos andinos" url="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" year="2005">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pedraza-Peñalosa">Pedraza-Penalosa</normalizedToken>
et al. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
describe the cushions as less than 2 cm tall, or only about half as tall as those of sympatric
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus pilosus" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="pilosus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Paepalanthus pilosus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(&quot;
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus karstenii" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="karstenii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="30" pageNumber="31">Paepalanthus karstenii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
&quot;). The branch architecture is similar to the other species but the dense cushions are sometimes distinguished by the many soft, nearly upright stems tightly packed together, possibly on wetter sites. Other individuals have shorter, more rigid stems and shorter branchlets. There are also pronounced differences in the amount of stem pubescence and leaf coloration. A densely white-woolly form with long hairs on the stems and lower leaf margins was described as
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1975" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus lodiculoides subsp. var. var. floccosus" order="Poales" pageId="30" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="lodiculoides" subSpecies="var." variety="floccosus">Paepalanthus lodiculoides var. floccosus</taxonomicName>
, but treated as a synonym by
<bibRefCitation author="Luteyn, JL" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 278" refId="B33" refString="Luteyn, JL, 1999. Paramos: a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution and botanical literature. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 84: 1 - 278" title="Paramos: a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution and botanical literature." volume="84" year="1999">Luteyn (1999)</bibRefCitation>
. That synonymy is provisionally accepted here, since other characteristics are the same, and the difference in pubescence seems likely due to environmental variation. A photograph of mature ring-shaped cushions of the floccose form was published by
<bibRefCitation author="Moldenke, HN" journalOrPublisher="Phytologia" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" pagination="9 - 58" publicationUrl="10.5962/bhl.part.16779" refId="B42" refString="Moldenke, HN, 1976. Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. LIX. Phytologia 33: 9 - 58, DOI: 10.5962/bhl.part.16779" title="Additional notes on the Eriocaulaceae. LIX." url="10.5962/bhl.part.16779" volume="33" year="1976">Moldenke (1976</bibRefCitation>
, p. 50).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<pageBreakToken pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="start">This</pageBreakToken>
species is also unique in the complex for the variable sex ratios of the capitula, which may be all staminate to mostly pistillate on the same plant. Capitula with exclusively pistillate flowers were not observed.
<bibRefCitation author="Pedraza-Penalosa, P" journalOrPublisher="Instituto de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota" pageId="47" pageNumber="48" publicationUrl="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" refId="B48" refString="Pedraza-Penalosa, P, Betancur, J, Franco-Rosselli, P, 2005. Chisaca, un recorrido por los paramos andinos. Instituto de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto de Investigacion de Recursos Biologicos Alexander von Humboldt, Bogota, http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" title="Chisaca, un recorrido por los paramos andinos" url="http://www.researchgate.net/publication/266328313_CHISAC_UN_RECORRIDO_POR_LOS_PRAMOS_ANDINOS" year="2005">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Pedraza-Peñalosa">Pedraza-Penalosa</normalizedToken>
et al. (2005)
</bibRefCitation>
describe capitula with staminate flowers peripheral, but this was not observed in herbarium material.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
The type of
<taxonomicName authorityName="Moldenke" authorityYear="1948" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Syngonanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Syngonanthus steyermarkii" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="steyermarkii">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Syngonanthus steyermarkii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Moldenke is the northernmost record of the species. It differs by the shorter peduncles (2-3 mm vs. 5-11 mm), shorter sheaths (1.7-2.2 mm vs. 3-5 mm) and capitula only about half the diameter of other specimens (1.4-1.5 mm vs 2.5-3 mm). The peduncle sheaths of this specimen are also abnormally developed, the apical lobe resembling an involucral bract in color and texture. Steyermark described the habitat as a limestone outcrop, which, if true, would be unusual for
<taxonomicName family="Eriocaulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" rank="family">Eriocaulaceae</taxonomicName>
, which almost universally occur on acidic substrates.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
The three names cited in synonymy here were first cited as synonyms by
<bibRefCitation author="Luteyn, JL" journalOrPublisher="Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden" pageId="46" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 278" refId="B33" refString="Luteyn, JL, 1999. Paramos: a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution and botanical literature. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 84: 1 - 278" title="Paramos: a checklist of plant diversity, geographical distribution and botanical literature." volume="84" year="1999">Luteyn (1999)</bibRefCitation>
at my suggestion.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1958-11-09" collectingDateMax="1997-01-15" collectingDateMin="1958-11-09" collectorName="de Chisaca, Barclay, Juajibioy, La Union, La Pedregal, Cuatrecasas, Jaramillo, Idrobo" country="COLOMBIA" county="Sumapaz" elevation="3900" location="Parque Natural de Sumapaz" municipality="Paramo de Chisaca" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bogota">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<collectingCountry name="Colombia">COLOMBIA</collectingCountry>
.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bogotá">
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Bogota">Bogota</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
, D.C.
</emphasis>
:
<collectingCounty>Sumapaz</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingMunicipality>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
<collectorName>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chisacá">Chisaca</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
</collectingMunicipality>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" unit="m" value="3900.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" unit="m" value="3900.0">3900 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1958-11-09" valueMax="1958-11-11" valueMin="1958-11-09">9-11 Nov 1958</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<collectorName>Barclay</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Juajibioy</collectorName>
6113
</emphasis>
(F, MO);
<collectingDate value="1959-03-22">22 Mar 1959</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Barclay 7183</emphasis>
(MO);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D5B3804CE0A9B496DFD2EE7FE620DE77:95A5A175305511A1456A76EB7C23EB50" country="COLOMBIA" county="Sumapaz" municipality="Paramo de Chisaca" name="Parque Natural de Sumapaz" stateProvince="Bogota">Parque Natural de Sumapaz</location>
,
<collectorName>La Union</collectorName>
-
<collectorName>La Pedregal</collectorName>
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.535" metricValueMax="3.72" metricValueMin="3.35" unit="m" value="3535.0" valueMax="3720.0" valueMin="3350.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.535" metricValueMax="3.72" metricValueMin="3.35" unit="m" value="3535.0" valueMax="3720.0" valueMin="3350.0">3350-3720 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1997-01-13" valueMax="1997-01-15" valueMin="1997-01-13">13-15 Jan 1997</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Betancur 6935</emphasis>
(MO);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chisacá">Chisaca</normalizedToken>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.69" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.6799999999999997" unit="m" value="3690.0" valueMax="3700.0" valueMin="3680.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.69" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.6799999999999997" unit="m" value="3690.0" valueMax="3700.0" valueMin="3680.0">3680-3700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1961-09-16">16 Sep 1961</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<collectorName>Cuatrecasas</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Jaramillo</collectorName>
25987
</emphasis>
(F); Andabobos,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7399999999999998" metricValueMax="3.76" metricValueMin="3.72" unit="m" value="3740.0" valueMax="3760.0" valueMin="3720.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.7399999999999998" metricValueMax="3.76" metricValueMin="3.72" unit="m" value="3740.0" valueMax="3760.0" valueMin="3720.0">3720-3760 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1969-01-08">8 Jan 1969</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<collectorName>Cuatrecasas</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName>Idrobo</collectorName>
27054
</emphasis>
(F);
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chisacá">Chisaca</normalizedToken>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.596" unit="m" value="3596.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.596" unit="m" value="3596.0">3596 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1966-09-26">26 Sep 1966</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Soderstrom 1262</emphasis>
(MO);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D5B3804CE0A9B496DFD2EE7FE620DE77:D31B4EC045CEFAF7885AD04BC74B9BC4" country="COLOMBIA" county="Sumapaz" municipality="Paramo de Chisaca" name="Lagunas de Chisaca" stateProvince="Bogota">
Lagunas
<collectorName>
de
<normalizedToken originalValue="Chisacá">Chisaca</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
</location>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">3600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1964-02-15">15 Feb 1964</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Uribe 4672</emphasis>
(MO)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1938-09-12" collectingDateMax="1953-08-27" collectingDateMin="1938-09-12" collectorName="de Las Lagunillas" country="Colombia" elevation="4150" location="Paramo del Pedrisco" municipality="Nevado del Cocuy" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Boyaca">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Boyacá">
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Boyaca">Boyaca</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
:
<collectingMunicipality>Nevado del Cocuy</collectingMunicipality>
, valle
<collectorName>de Las Lagunillas</collectorName>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="m" value="4150.0" valueMax="4300.0" valueMin="4000.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.15" metricValueMax="4.3" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="m" value="4150.0" valueMax="4300.0" valueMin="4000.0">4000-4300 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1938-09-12">12 Sep 1938</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Cuatrecasas 1537</emphasis>
(F);
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D5B3804CE0A9B496DFD2EE7FE620DE77:DC947AD0B721FC82B9CCCC6FC0DFB8FD" country="Colombia" municipality="Nevado del Cocuy" name="Paramo del Pedrisco" stateProvince="Boyaca">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Páramo">Paramo</normalizedToken>
del Pedrisco
</location>
, km 270 Sogamoso - Pajarito,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="3000.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1953-08-27">27 Aug 1953</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Langenheim 3589</emphasis>
(F, MO)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1960-01-01" collectorName="Barclay" country="Colombia" elevation="3600" location="Paramo de Almorzadero" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Santander">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<collectingRegion country="Colombia" name="Santander">Santander</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D5B3804CE0A9B496DFD2EE7FE620DE77:4EEE918C29366EB755B23C7299734710" country="Colombia" name="Paramo de Almorzadero" stateProvince="Santander">Paramo de Almorzadero</location>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" unit="m" value="3600.0">3600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1960-01-01">1 Jan 1960</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<collectorName>Barclay</collectorName>
10412
</emphasis>
(MO)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1976-09-22" collectorName="Ollgaard, Balslev" country="ECUADOR" elevation="3400" location="Muletrack Amaluza - Palanda" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Loja">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<collectingCountry name="Ecuador">ECUADOR</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Ecuador" name="Loja">Loja</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D5B3804CE0A9B496DFD2EE7FE620DE77:506BBF5476E8396EDC8FEAFB96D9EB1E" country="ECUADOR" name="Muletrack Amaluza - Palanda" stateProvince="Loja">Muletrack Amaluza - Palanda</location>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="3.35" unit="m" value="3400.0" valueMax="3450.0" valueMin="3350.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.45" metricValueMin="3.35" unit="m" value="3400.0" valueMax="3450.0" valueMin="3350.0">3350-3450 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1976-09-22">22 Sep 1976</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Øllgaard">
<collectorName>Ollgaard</collectorName>
</normalizedToken>
&amp;
<collectorName>Balslev</collectorName>
9717
</emphasis>
(F)
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation collectingDate="1961-06-12" collectingDateMax="1984-05" collectingDateMin="1961-06-12" collectorName="Huancabamba, El Talanco, Acleto, Friedberg, Huaringas, Ochoa" country="PERU" elevation="3400" location="Piura" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Piura">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<collectingCountry name="Peru">PERU</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Piura">Piura</collectingRegion>
</emphasis>
:
<collectorName>Huancabamba</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>El Talanco</collectorName>
,
<collectingDate value="1961-06-13">13 Jun 1961</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<collectorName>Acleto</collectorName>
572
</emphasis>
(USM [photo]),
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1961-06-12">12 Jun 1961</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<collectorName>Friedberg</collectorName>
256
</emphasis>
(USM [photo]);
<collectorName>Huancabamba</collectorName>
,
<collectorName>Huaringas</collectorName>
,
<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.957" unit="m" value="3957.0">
<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.957" unit="m" value="3957.0">3957 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate value="1984-05">May 1984</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
H.
<collectorName>Ochoa</collectorName>
13
</emphasis>
(USM [photo])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Zenodo-Dep="974747" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.64.6864.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/92252" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
<paragraph pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Figure 10.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Paepalanthus lodiculoides" order="Poales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lodiculoides">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Paepalanthus lodiculoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A</emphasis>
Habit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B-H</emphasis>
Pistillate flower and fruit
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B</emphasis>
Petal, adaxial
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">C</emphasis>
Petal, abaxial
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">D</emphasis>
Gynoecium (ovary abortive, atypical.)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">E</emphasis>
Mature diaspore
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">F-G</emphasis>
Diaspore (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">F</emphasis>
) with sepals removed (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">G</emphasis>
)
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H</emphasis>
Seed. (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">A</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Cuatrecasas 25987</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">B-D</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Barclay 6113</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">E-G</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
<normalizedToken originalValue="Øllgaard">Ollgaard</normalizedToken>
9717
</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">H</emphasis>
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Steyermark 57372</emphasis>
)
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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