treatments-xml/data/43/85/D0/4385D085DA685C8081371652514816CD.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.213.89875" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-213-95" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7E32F63E74E95B448C092BAF11F8506C" ModsDocID="1314-2003-213-95" checkinTime="1668468176625" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Arya, Sindhu, Kumar, Venugopalan Nair Saradamma Anil, Pillai, Ambika Viswanathan, Alen, Alex Philip, Sojan, Jose &amp; Suresh, Veerankutty" docDate="2022" docId="4385D085DA685C8081371652514816CD" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 213: 95-110" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 213" docPubDate="2022-11-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.213.89875" docTitle="Polycarpaea barbellata V. S. A. Kumar, S. Arya, V. Suresh &amp; Alen Alex 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" id="7E32F63E74E95B448C092BAF11F8506C" lastPageNumber="95" masterDocId="7E32F63E74E95B448C092BAF11F8506C" masterDocTitle="Three new species of Polycarpaea (Caryophyllaceae) from Kerala, South India" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="95" pageNumber="95" updateTime="1668468477197" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Three new species of Polycarpaea (Caryophyllaceae) from Kerala, South India</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Arya, Sindhu</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2029-2456</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University College, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala- 695 034, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Kumar, Venugopalan Nair Saradamma Anil</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3809-2620</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, University College, University of Kerala, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala- 695 034, India</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">vsanilbotany@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pillai, Ambika Viswanathan</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6807-0991</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, Government Victoria College, University of Calicut, Palakkad, Kerala- 678001, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Alen, Alex Philip</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4164-7738</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, Government Victoria College, University of Calicut, Palakkad, Kerala- 678001, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sojan, Jose</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, Government College, Chittur, Palakkad, Kerala- 678104, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Suresh, Veerankutty</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7350-9236</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Botany, Government Victoria College, University of Calicut, Palakkad, Kerala- 678001, India</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2022-11-14</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>213</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>95</mods:start>
<mods:end>110</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.213.89875</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.213.89875</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-213-95</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7E32F63E74E95B448C092BAF11F8506C</mods:identifier>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4385D085DA685C8081371652514816CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4385D085DA685C8081371652514816CD" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName LSID="4385D085-DA68-5C80-8137-1652514816CD" authority="V. S. A. Kumar, S. Arya, V. Suresh &amp; Alen Alex" authorityName="V. S. A. Kumar, S. Arya, V. Suresh &amp; Alen Alex" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea barbellata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbellata" status="sp. nov.">Polycarpaea barbellata V.S.A. Kumar, S. Arya, V. Suresh &amp; Alen Alex</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="95">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. A habit B flower bud C internode D flower E bract F stipule G sepal H petal I stamen J gynoecium K capsule L seed. Photos by V. S. A. Kumar." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.89875.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/769358" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Figs 5</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Polycarpaea barbellata A habit B flower bud C flower D capsule E bract F stipule G petal H stamen I gynoecium J seed. Illustration by Ambika Viswanathanpillai." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.89875.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/769359" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">, 6</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-10-20" collectorName="V. S. A Kumar, Suresh V, Arya S." country="India" county="Palakkad district" elevation="150" latitude="10.695167" location="Chedukamala" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.51842" municipality="Kuthanur" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
<collectingCountry name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="India" name="Kerala">Kerala</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty>Palakkad district</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Kuthanur</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4385D085DA685C8081371652514816CD:37757A623351A1589F9E7C5990F201C4" country="India" county="Palakkad district" latitude="10.695167" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="76.51842" municipality="Kuthanur" name="Chedukamala" stateProvince="Kerala">Chedukamala</location>
<geoCoordinate degrees="10" direction="north" minutes="41" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="42.6" value="10.695167">10°41'42.6&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
, 
<geoCoordinate degrees="76" direction="east" minutes="31" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="06.3" value="76.51842">76°31'06.3&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 
<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">
<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="m" value="150.0">150 m</quantity>
a.s.l.
</elevation>
, 
<collectingDate value="2021-10-20">20 October 2021</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>V.S.A Kumar</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName>Suresh V</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Arya S.</collectorName>
, 3010 (
<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
UCBD! isotype UCBD!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.89875.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/769358" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">A</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">B</emphasis>
flower bud 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C</emphasis>
internode 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">D</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">E</emphasis>
bract 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">F</emphasis>
stipule 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">G</emphasis>
sepal 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">H</emphasis>
petal 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">I</emphasis>
stamen 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">J</emphasis>
gynoecium 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">K</emphasis>
capsule 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">L</emphasis>
seed. Photos by V.S.A. Kumar.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<taxonomicName authorityName="V. S. A. Kumar, S. Arya, V. Suresh &amp; Alen Alex" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea barbellata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea barbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically similar to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea aurea" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea aurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with respect to yellow-orange color of sepals but differs with respect to stipules (oblong, parted into 3 with a long acicular structure in the center and other two parts barbellate 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">vs.</emphasis>
lanceolate parted into 2, free, with no central structure), Inflorescence (dense cyme 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">vs.</emphasis>
lax cyme), bract (linear, white, acicular apex 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">vs.</emphasis>
lanceolate-ovate, greyish-brown, acuminate apex), bracteoles (Capillaceous with acicular apex 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">vs.</emphasis>
ovate lanceolate with acute apex), petals (wedge shaped, whitish-lilac 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">vs.</emphasis>
broadly ovate-oblong, yellowish-brown), Gynoecium (spheroidal, yellowish green reduced 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">vs.</emphasis>
conical, short yellow), capsule (style not persistent, tip not recurved, 2-3 seeded 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">vs.</emphasis>
style persistent, tip recurved, 5-many seeded).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.89875.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/769359" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="V. S. A. Kumar, S. Arya, V. Suresh &amp; Alen Alex" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea barbellata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea barbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">A</emphasis>
habit 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">B</emphasis>
flower bud 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C</emphasis>
flower 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">D</emphasis>
capsule 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">E</emphasis>
bract 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">F</emphasis>
stipule 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">G</emphasis>
petal 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">H</emphasis>
stamen 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">I</emphasis>
gynoecium 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">J</emphasis>
seed. Illustration by Ambika Viswanathanpillai.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
Annual herbs, erect or sub-erect, branched from the base 10-15 cm high. Stem terete, sparsely villous, nodes red swollen, internodes 1.5-2 cm long. Leaves whorled, sessile, lanceolate-oblanceolate, green, 1.3-2.1cm long, base round, margin smooth or wavy, apex acute or acuminate, abaxial surface glabrous, adaxial surface pubescent; lamina 1-2 veined, prominent on abaxial side; stipules prominent, oblong, parted into 3 (2 equal barbellate parts), central part has a long acicular structure ca. 1 mm long, fused at the base (1-1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ca. 0.4 mm), base golden yellow, smooth; margin entire, apex acicular, milky white. Inflorescence terminal, branched regular dense cyme, ca. 4.5 cm long; Bracts linear - lanceolate, 0.8 - 1.0 mm, white, equal or sub-equal to the length of the sepal; base smooth, margin entire, apex acicular. Bracteole capillaceous with acicular apex, holding the bracts in position. Flowers 4-6 per cyme, 3.5-3.8 mm long; pedicels 1.5-2.3 mm long, green villous. Sepals 5, fused at base, ovate (1-1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ca. 0.8 mm), entire at the margin, acute to obtuse at apex, white, non-membranous base round, midrib faint. Petals 5, broadly wedge shaped (0.5-1 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.5-0.6 mm), margin entire, completely enclosing the ovary, 1/3 as short as sepals, whitish-lilac. Stamens 5, forming a ring with petals and encircling the ovary, ca. 0.9 mm long; anthers yellow, ovate, basifixed. Ovary 1-loculed, shortly stipitate, spheroidal, yellowish green, 1.2-1.3 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
1-2 mm, glabrous, placentation free central; style 0.01-0.03 mm, shorter than the ovary; stigma capitate. Capsule oblate-prolate (1.4-1.6 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ca. 0.6 mm), shortly stipitate, style not persistent, tip not recurved, 3-valved, breaks along the suture, brownish, scarious along margin. Seeds (2-3) ovate (0.1-0.15 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
0.1-0.2 mm), yellow with striations.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
Micromorphology of the seed is ovate-sub-orbicular in its outline with depressions all over the seed surface. The margin is entire and the epidermal cell pattern is faintly angular. Striations are also faint (Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. SEM of seeds (P. corymbosa) A seed B seed surface C, D P. palakkadensis E, F P. ebracteata G, H P. psammophila I, J P. barbellata K, L P. aurea." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.89875.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/769360" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">7I, J</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.89875.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/769360" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Figure 7.</emphasis>
SEM of seeds (
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. corymbosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="corymbosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. corymbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">A</emphasis>
seed 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">B</emphasis>
seed surface 
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">C, D</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. palakkadensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="palakkadensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. palakkadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">E, F</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. ebracteata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="ebracteata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. ebracteata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">G, H</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. psammophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="psammophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. psammophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">I, J</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. barbellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="barbellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. barbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">K, L</emphasis>
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurea" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="aurea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. aurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="phenology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Phenology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Flowering and fruiting during August-December.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Latin barba, stiff hairs, suffix ella, diminutive, and -ata, possession, alluding to barbellate nature of stipules, a diagnostic character.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="habitat">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Habitat and distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
The primary habitat of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="V. S. A. Kumar, S. Arya, V. Suresh &amp; Alen Alex" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea barbellata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea barbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the hillock terrains in Palakkad district (Kerala granite outcrop in the northern side of Palakkad gap, the largest break in the Western Ghats having an arid climate with seasonal fires). 
<taxonomicName authorityName="V. S. A. Kumar, S. Arya, V. Suresh &amp; Alen Alex" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea barbellata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea barbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is also seen associated with 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea corymbosa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea corymbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" genus="Fimbristylis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Fimbristylis" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Fimbristylis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Indigofera" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Indigofera enneaphylla" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="enneaphylla">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Indigofera enneaphylla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig. 
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Distribution map of Polycarpaea ebracteata, P. psammophila and P. barbellata." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.89875.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/769361" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.213.89875.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/769361" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Distribution map of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Arya, V. S. A. Kumar, V. Suresh &amp; Alen Alex" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea ebracteata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ebracteata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea ebracteata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. psammophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="psammophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. psammophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. barbellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="barbellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. barbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="conservation status">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Conservation status.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
The present study could report two populations with 20-35 individuals each. We consider that further evidence is needed to determine the new 
<normalizedToken originalValue="taxon’s">taxon's</normalizedToken>
conservation status because 
<taxonomicName authorityName="V. S. A. Kumar, S. Arya, V. Suresh &amp; Alen Alex" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea barbellata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea barbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
could be found in other regions in Southwest (and India as a whole). As a consequence, the new species is now categorized as DD (Data Deficient) by the IUCN (
<bibRefCitation author="Geethakumary, MP" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B8" refString="2021. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2021">IUCN 2021</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-11-02" collectingDateMax="2021-11-10" collectingDateMin="2021-11-02" collectorName="Suresh V., Alen Alex Philip" country="India" county="Palakkad district" location="Kariyanchirachola" municipality="Kuzhalmannam" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala">
<collectingCountry name="India">India</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion country="India" name="Kerala">Kerala</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingCounty>Palakkad district</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality>Kuzhalmannam</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4385D085DA685C8081371652514816CD:1E27A62F9F2E3E9A5964AC273A4D3286" country="India" county="Palakkad district" municipality="Kuzhalmannam" name="Kariyanchirachola" stateProvince="Kerala">Kariyanchirachola</location>
, 
<collectingDate value="2021-11-02">2 November 2021</collectingDate>
, 
<collectorName>Suresh V.</collectorName>
&amp; Sojan Jose, 3077 (UCBD!); 
<collectingDate value="2021-11-10">10 November 2021</collectingDate>
<collectorName>Alen Alex Philip</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName>Suresh V.</collectorName>
, 3084 (UCBD!)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="95" type="taxonomic notes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Taxonomic notes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
In India, the genus 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is represented by seven species (
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.527.2.8" author="Arya, S" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" pagination="151 - 157" refId="B1" refString="Arya, S, Kumar, VNSA, Nathanpillai, AV, Philip, AA, Sojan, J, Suresh, V, 2021. Polycarpaea palakkadensis (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Kerala, South-West India. Phytotaxa 527 (2): 151 - 157, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.527.2.8" title="Polycarpaea palakkadensis (Caryophyllaceae), a new species from Kerala, South-West India." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.527.2.8" volume="527" year="2021">Arya et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
). The proposed three new species are closely allied to 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea corymbosa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea corymbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation author="Linnaeus, C" journalOrPublisher="Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B10" refString="Linnaeus, C, 1753. Species plantarum 2. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae" title="Species plantarum 2." year="1753">Linnaeus 1753</bibRefCitation>
: 205) 
<bibRefCitation author="Lamarck, JB" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" refId="B9" refString="Lamarck, JB, 1792. Sur le nouveau Polycarpaea. Journal d'Histoire Naturelle 2: 3, 5, 478." title="Sur le nouveau Polycarpaea. Journal d'Histoire Naturelle 2: 3, 5, 478." year="1792">Lamarck (1792</bibRefCitation>
: 129) and 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea aurea" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea aurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that has wide distribution along with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. palakkadensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="palakkadensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. palakkadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The new species also resembles 
<taxonomicName authorityName="V.S.A.Kumar, Sindhu Arya &amp; V.Suresh" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea palakkadensis" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palakkadensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea palakkadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
superficially but differs distinctly with respect to characters summarized in Table 
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Morphological comparison between Polycarpaea ebracteata, P. psammophila, P. barbellata with P. corymbosa, P. aurea and P. palakkadensis." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/35C16BC381C1EFB1DF95E0E4F862EB85" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" tableUuid="35C16BC381C1EFB1DF95E0E4F862EB85">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-Table-UUID="35C16BC381C1EFB1DF95E0E4F862EB85" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/35C16BC381C1EFB1DF95E0E4F862EB85" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Table 1.</emphasis>
Morphological comparison between 
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Arya, V. S. A. Kumar, V. Suresh &amp; Alen Alex" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea ebracteata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ebracteata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea ebracteata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. psammophila" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="psammophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. psammophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. barbellata" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="barbellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. barbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. corymbosa" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="corymbosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. corymbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. aurea" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="aurea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. aurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. palakkadensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rank="species" species="palakkadensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">P. palakkadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<table pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Characters</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Arya, V. S. A. Kumar, V. Suresh &amp; Alen Alex" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea ebracteata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ebracteata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea ebracteata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="V. Suresh, V. S. A. Kumar, S. Arya, &amp; Alen Alex" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea psammophila" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="psammophila">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea psammophila</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="V. S. A. Kumar, S. Arya, V. Suresh &amp; Alen Alex" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea barbellata" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="barbellata">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea barbellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea corymbosa" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="corymbosa">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea corymbosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="V.S.A.Kumar, Sindhu Arya &amp; V.Suresh" authorityYear="2021" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea palakkadensis" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="palakkadensis">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea palakkadensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Polycarpaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Polycarpaea aurea" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aurea">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Polycarpaea aurea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Leaves</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Verticillate</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Whorled</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Whorled</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Opposite or apparently whorled</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Verticillate (erroneously given as Pseudoverticillate in Protologue)</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Opposite decussate</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Stipules</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Ovate-obovate, 0.2-0.8 mm, apex acute base yellowish or greenish, setae absent, white</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Linear to Lanceolate, 5-8 mm, base golden yellow with unicellular setae, apex often bifurcated, branches acicular at apex, milky white</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
Oblong, parted into 3 (2 equal parts), central part has a long acicular structure ca 1 mm long, fused at the base 1-1.2 
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
ca. 0.4 mm, base golden yellow,, apex acicular, milky white
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Lanceolate, long, 5 mm, base without setae, hyaline</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Linear-lanceolate, 1.2 - 2 mm, base without setae, apex acute, creamy white</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Lanceolate, acuminate at apex, ca. 3 mm long, base without setae, colourless or yellowish-brown, slightly silvery</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Inflorescence</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Regular branched lax cyme</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Irregular branched lax cyme</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Regular branched dense cyme</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Irregular branched dense cyme</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Irregular, dense cyme</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Regular lax cymes</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Bract</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Lanceolate-oblanceolate, exceeding the length of the sepal; base smooth, margin entire, apex acuminate.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Lanceolate, equal or sub-equal to the length of the sepal; base smooth, not fused.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Lanceolate-ovate, shorter than the sepal.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Ovate-oblong (erroneously given as linear-lanceolate in protologue), fused at the base, creamy white.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Ovate-lanceolate, not fused at base, grey with a faint brownish tinge.</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Bracteole</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Absent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Linear with acicular apex</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Capillaceous with acicular apex</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Lanceolate with acute apex</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Capillaceous, not prominent</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Ovate-lanceolate</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Sepal</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Ovate 1.3-1.4mm, entire at the margin, acute or obtuse at apex, white, non-membranous base round, midrib faint.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Obovate-oblanceolate 2.3 -2.6 mm, acute or obtuse at apex, white.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Ovate 1-1.2 mm, acute to obtuse at apex, white, non-membranous base round, midrib faint.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Lanceolate, acuminate apex, hyaline, membranous.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Ovate-oblong, entire margin, acute or blunt apex, white.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Ovate-lanceolate, acute-acuminate at apex, scarious, bright orange-reddish.</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Petal</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Ovate 0.1-0.3 mm, oblong to round at apex, partially enclosing the ovary, 1/4 as short as sepals, dark red-brown.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Ovate-oblate 1-1.3 mm, keeled, pointed upward at apex, partially or completely enclosing the ovary.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Broadly wedge shaped 0.5-1 mm completely enclosing the ovary, 1/3 as short as sepals, whitish-lilac.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Broadly ovate round at apex; silvery white to pink or purplish red.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Ovate-cordate, fimbriate margin, round to mucronate at apex, dark red - brown.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Oblong-obovate, margin entire, obtuse at apex, yellowish-brown.</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Stamens</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">0.2 mm long, filament inconspicuous</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">0.3 mm long; filament longer than anther.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">0.9 mm, filament same length as anther.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">2 mm, Filament equals the length of anther.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">0.1 mm, filament very short</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">1 mm, filament as long as anther</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Gynoecium</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Spheroidal</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Spheroidal</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Spheroidal</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Ovoid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Oblate spheroid</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Conical</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Capsule</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Style not persistent ovoid 3-valved, breaks along the suture, brownish,</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Style persistent, Oblate-prolate, tip not curved after dehiscence 4 valved.</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Style not persistent, 3 valved, tips straight after dehiscence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Style persistent, tips not curved, 3 valved</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Style not persistent, 4 valved, smooth, tips not recurved after dehiscence</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">Style persistent smooth, shining, glabrous, tips recurved after dehiscence</td>
</tr>
<tr pageId="0" pageNumber="95">
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="95">Seed</emphasis>
</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">3-4 seeds, yellow to brown no striation</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">20-25 seeds yellowish brown, smooth</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">2-3 seed, ovate yellow with striations</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">5-13, brown, reniform</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">1-2 Ovoid-elliptical creamy white</td>
<td colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="95" rowspan="1">5-many seeded, reniform brown</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>