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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.54602" ID-GBIF-Dataset="282891f3-a011-4013-87e6-afc385faac5a" ID-PMC="PMC7710686" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-996-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CDEA9CBD38CE535CB2E7BC97AA053504" ID-PubMed="33312043" ID-ZooBank="8315A0E8D820454CB2AA5C6B5D003D86" ModsDocID="1313-2970-996-1" checkinTime="1606312756766" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Do, Thinh Dinh, Jung, Dae-Wui, Kil, Hyun-Jong &amp; Kim, Chang-Bae" docDate="2020" docId="EE96E4F0FDF257EC8F76BD051F5EADE6" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 996: 1-18" docOrigin="ZooKeys 996" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.54602" docTitle="Cadlina japonica Baba 1937" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="CDEA9CBD38CE535CB2E7BC97AA053504" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="CDEA9CBD38CE535CB2E7BC97AA053504" masterDocTitle="A report of a new species and new record of Cadlina (Nudibranchia, Cadlinidae) from South Korea" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668169945094" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title>A report of a new species and new record of Cadlina (Nudibranchia, Cadlinidae) from South Korea</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Do, Thinh Dinh</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Jung, Dae-Wui</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kil, Hyun-Jong</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Genetic Resources Information Center, National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon 22689, South Korea</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Kim, Chang-Bae</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, South Korea</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">evodevo@smu.ac.kr</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:number>996</mods:number>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.54602</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.996.54602</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="170515909" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EE96E4F0FDF257EC8F76BD051F5EADE6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EE96E4F0FDF257EC8F76BD051F5EADE6" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="EE96E4F0-FDF2-57EC-8F76-BD051F5EADE6" authority="Baba, 1937" authorityName="Baba" authorityYear="1937" class="Gastropoda" family="Cadlinidae" genus="Cadlina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cadlina japonica" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">Cadlina japonica Baba, 1937</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cadlina japonica A body; Radula B rachidian teeth C central and lateral region D outer lateral region. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 20 μm (B); 100 μm (C); 50 μm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.54602.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478660" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figures 3</figureCitation>
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Reproductive systems of Cadlina species A Cadlina koreana sp. nov. B Cadlina umiushi C Cadlina japonica. Abbreviations: a, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fgm, female gland mass; rs, receptaculum seminis; pr, prostate; sv, seminal vesicle; ud, uterine duct; v, vaginal duct; vd, vas deferens. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 2 mm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.54602.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478661" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 4C</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baba" authorityYear="1937" class="Gastropoda" family="Cadlinidae" genus="Cadlina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cadlina japonica" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">Cadlina japonica</taxonomicName>
Baba, 1937: 76-78, fig. 1;
<bibRefCitation author="Baba, K" journalOrPublisher="Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B2" refString="Baba, K, 1949. Opisthobranchia of Sagami Bay Collected by His Majesty the Emperor of Japan. Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo" title="Opisthobranchia of Sagami Bay Collected by His Majesty the Emperor of Japan." year="1949">Baba 1949</bibRefCitation>
: 57, pl. XXI, figs 75-77, text fig. 67;
<bibRefCitation author="Choe, BL" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="352 - 376" refId="B6" refString="Choe, BL, Lee, JR, 1994. Opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Ullung and Dog-do Islands, Korea. Korean Journal of Zoology 37: 352 - 376" title="Opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Ullung and Dog-do Islands, Korea." volume="37" year="1994">Choe and Lee 1994</bibRefCitation>
: 362, fig. 2;
<bibRefCitation author="Nakano, R" journalOrPublisher="Ltd., Tokyo" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B18" refString="Nakano, R, 2018. Field Guide to Sea Slugs and Nudibranchs of Japan. Bun-ichi Co. Ltd., Tokyo" title="Field Guide to Sea Slugs and Nudibranchs of Japan. Bun-ichi Co." year="2018">Nakano 2018</bibRefCitation>
: 275;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz126" author="Korshunova, TA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 66" refId="B13" refString="Korshunova, TA, Fletcher, K, Picton, B, Lundin, K, Kashio, S, Sanamyan, N, Sanamyan, K, Padula, V, Schroedl, M, Martynov, A, 2020. The Emperor's Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 20: 1 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz126" title="The Emperor's Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz126" volume="20" year="2020">Korshunova et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
: 36-39, figs 11, 12.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Two individuals, vouchers: NIBRIV0000865973 and NIBRIV0000865974; South Korea, Gangwon-do, Goseong-gun, Jugwang-myeon, Munamjin-ri;
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="14.75" value="38.304096">38°18'14.75&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="128" direction="east" minutes="34" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="1.05" value="128.56696">128°34'1.05&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; collected on 02 June 2013 and 20 July 2019 (COI GenBank numbers: MT420432 and MT420433). One individual, voucher NIBRIV0000865975; South Korea, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Uljin-gun, Uljin-eup, Yeonji-ri;
<geoCoordinate degrees="37" direction="north" minutes="00" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="0.59" value="37.000164">37°00'0.59&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate degrees="129" direction="east" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="1.89" value="129.43385">129°26'1.89&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
; collected on 25 August 2011 (COI GenBank number: MT420434).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
Size up to 55 mm long. Live specimens commonly opaque white with a yellowish ground color and several dark brownish patches present on the dorsum (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cadlina japonica A body; Radula B rachidian teeth C central and lateral region D outer lateral region. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 20 μm (B); 100 μm (C); 50 μm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.54602.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478660" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3A</figureCitation>
). Rhinophores yellowish like the ground color with bright yellow tips. Rhinophoral sheath bears small tubercles and yellow dots. Six multipinnate, translucent white gills with yellow tips. Yellow dots present irregularly on the dorsum, but often concentrated near the mantle margin. Continuous yellow band present on mantel edge. Oral tentacles short and triangular. Foot broad, anteriorly thickened to form a double edge. Radula formula: 88
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
71.1.71. Rachidian tooth elongate and bears 2-4 distinct lobe-like cusps (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cadlina japonica A body; Radula B rachidian teeth C central and lateral region D outer lateral region. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 20 μm (B); 100 μm (C); 50 μm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.54602.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478660" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3B</figureCitation>
). Innermost lateral tooth hamate with a relatively narrow base and short, strong cusp; three or four inner denticles and 4-6 outer denticles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cadlina japonica A body; Radula B rachidian teeth C central and lateral region D outer lateral region. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 20 μm (B); 100 μm (C); 50 μm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.54602.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478660" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3B</figureCitation>
). Middle lateral teeth hook-shaped, no inner denticle and 3-5 outer denticles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cadlina japonica A body; Radula B rachidian teeth C central and lateral region D outer lateral region. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 20 μm (B); 100 μm (C); 50 μm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.54602.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478660" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3C</figureCitation>
). Outer lateral teeth bear up to six denticles (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Cadlina japonica A body; Radula B rachidian teeth C central and lateral region D outer lateral region. Scale bars: 1 cm (A); 20 μm (B); 100 μm (C); 50 μm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.54602.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478660" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">3D</figureCitation>
). Reproductive system triaulic (Fig.
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Reproductive systems of Cadlina species A Cadlina koreana sp. nov. B Cadlina umiushi C Cadlina japonica. Abbreviations: a, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fgm, female gland mass; rs, receptaculum seminis; pr, prostate; sv, seminal vesicle; ud, uterine duct; v, vaginal duct; vd, vas deferens. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A, B); 2 mm (C)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.996.54602.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478661" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">4C</figureCitation>
). Ampulla is moderate and convoluted. Prostate long and narrow. Vas deferens long, narrow, convoluted. Penial spines absent. Vagina relatively short, narrow and connects with bursa copulatrix. Bursa copulatrix almost rectangular in shape, ca. 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
larger than receptaculum seminis. Uterine duct short and narrow.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.996.54602.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478660" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 3.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baba" authorityYear="1937" class="Gastropoda" family="Cadlinidae" genus="Cadlina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cadlina japonica" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cadlina japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
body; Radula
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
rachidian teeth
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
central and lateral region
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
outer lateral region. Scale bars: 1 cm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
); 20
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
); 100
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
); 50
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
(
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baba" authorityYear="1937" class="Gastropoda" family="Cadlinidae" genus="Cadlina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cadlina japonica" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cadlina japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was first described by
<bibRefCitation author="Baba, K" journalOrPublisher="Venus, Japanese Journal of Malacology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="75 - 80" refId="B1" refString="Baba, K, 1937. Two new species of the nudibranchiate genus Cadlina from Sagami Bay, Japan. Venus, Japanese Journal of Malacology 7: 75 - 80" title="Two new species of the nudibranchiate genus Cadlina from Sagami Bay, Japan." volume="7" year="1937">Baba (1937)</bibRefCitation>
. Recently, this species was thoroughly reviewed by
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz126" author="Korshunova, TA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 66" refId="B13" refString="Korshunova, TA, Fletcher, K, Picton, B, Lundin, K, Kashio, S, Sanamyan, N, Sanamyan, K, Padula, V, Schroedl, M, Martynov, A, 2020. The Emperor's Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 20: 1 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz126" title="The Emperor's Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz126" volume="20" year="2020">Korshunova et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
. Morphologically, the
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens collected in this study are consistent with
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
described in previous studies (
<bibRefCitation author="Baba, K" journalOrPublisher="Venus, Japanese Journal of Malacology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="75 - 80" refId="B1" refString="Baba, K, 1937. Two new species of the nudibranchiate genus Cadlina from Sagami Bay, Japan. Venus, Japanese Journal of Malacology 7: 75 - 80" title="Two new species of the nudibranchiate genus Cadlina from Sagami Bay, Japan." volume="7" year="1937">Baba 1937</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation author="Choe, BL" journalOrPublisher="Korean Journal of Zoology" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="352 - 376" refId="B6" refString="Choe, BL, Lee, JR, 1994. Opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Ullung and Dog-do Islands, Korea. Korean Journal of Zoology 37: 352 - 376" title="Opisthobranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) from Ullung and Dog-do Islands, Korea." volume="37" year="1994">Choe and Lee 1994</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz126" author="Korshunova, TA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 66" refId="B13" refString="Korshunova, TA, Fletcher, K, Picton, B, Lundin, K, Kashio, S, Sanamyan, N, Sanamyan, K, Padula, V, Schroedl, M, Martynov, A, 2020. The Emperor's Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 20: 1 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz126" title="The Emperor's Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz126" volume="20" year="2020">Korshunova et al. 2020</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baba" authorityYear="1937" class="Gastropoda" family="Cadlinidae" genus="Cadlina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cadlina japonica" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cadlina japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is completely distinguishable from other species of the genus by several characteristics. Irregular brownish patches are present on the mantle, but these patches are absent on several small individuals. Its rachidian tooth is elongate and its first lateral tooth is hamate. In addition, compared to other
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cadlinidae" genus="Cadlina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cadlina" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cadlina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the region,
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is large, with the sample in this study measuring up to 55 mm. The maximum intraspecific distances in
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are 0.78% for the COI marker and 0.23% for the 16S rRNA marker (Suppl. material 1: Table S3). The lowest COI interspecific distance of 7.97% is found between
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. jannanicholsae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="jannanicholsae">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. jannanicholsae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz126" author="Korshunova, TA" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 66" refId="B13" refString="Korshunova, TA, Fletcher, K, Picton, B, Lundin, K, Kashio, S, Sanamyan, N, Sanamyan, K, Padula, V, Schroedl, M, Martynov, A, 2020. The Emperor's Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 20: 1 - 66, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz126" title="The Emperor's Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz126" volume="20" year="2020">Korshunova et al., 2020</bibRefCitation>
. The lowest 16S rRNA interspecific distance of 1.87% is found between
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. japonica" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName lsidName="C. klasmalmbergi" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="klasmalmbergi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. klasmalmbergi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.996.54602.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/478661" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Reproductive systems of
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Cadlinidae" genus="Cadlina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cadlina" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cadlina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Do &amp; Jung &amp; Kil &amp; Kim" authorityYear="2020" class="Gastropoda" family="Cadlinidae" genus="Cadlina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cadlina koreana" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="koreana">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cadlina koreana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. nov.
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Korshunova, Picton, Sanamyan &amp; Martynov" authorityYear="2015" class="Gastropoda" family="Cadlinidae" genus="Cadlina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cadlina umiushi" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="umiushi">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cadlina umiushi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Baba" authorityYear="1937" class="Gastropoda" family="Cadlinidae" genus="Cadlina" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cadlina japonica" order="Nudibranchia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="japonica">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cadlina japonica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Abbreviations: a, ampulla; bc, bursa copulatrix; fgm, female gland mass; rs, receptaculum seminis; pr, prostate; sv, seminal vesicle; ud, uterine duct; v, vaginal duct; vd, vas deferens. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A, B</emphasis>
); 2 mm (
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Southern Hokkaido to southern Honshu (Japan) and East Sea, South Korea (Sea of Japan).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>