427 lines
50 KiB
XML
427 lines
50 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1177-147" ID-Pensoft-UUID="10CD0C0FE7395E18B1771C14FF3EC42D" ID-ZooBank="72997BC7B3014EAB95FB3B6FD839B1F4" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1177-147" checkinTime="1693470076735" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ruan, Yongying, Konstantinov, Alexander S., Damaska, Albert F., Zheng, Lihao, Chen, Jun & Meng, Ziye" docDate="2023" docId="2026DC664CFE55AEBFB96087EB458498" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1177: 147-165" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1177" docPubDate="2023-08-30" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811" docTitle="Benedictus fuanensis Ruan & Konstantinov 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="6F2A1FBE-6CCC-42C0-B2A8-37196C16A07D" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="10CD0C0FE7395E18B1771C14FF3EC42D" lastPageNumber="147" masterDocId="10CD0C0FE7395E18B1771C14FF3EC42D" masterDocTitle="Description of three new species of Benedictus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China, with comments on their biology and modified ethanol traps for collecting flea beetles" masterLastPageNumber="165" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="147" updateTime="1693470076735" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="CC9A85AFDD5BEE686E24CCED36D6F276">Description of three new species of Benedictus (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China, with comments on their biology and modified ethanol traps for collecting flea beetles</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B9D61A6FD923C1B4335E6CC6D6D717E4">Ruan, Yongying</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="79803402FACCEF7E8C5F01F2CC20766E">Plant Protection Research Center, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="57A94FFCFA9D6E2630C343199D5C64E0" type="email">yongyingruan@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="43FFA9F6D087C6E8E11EA46D7EC25993">Konstantinov, Alexander S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="4C8858559B22A4B692C04BFE00719FDB" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6578-6735</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E8A4025035CE5BBF67427D502050197">Systematic Entomology Laboratory, USDA, Smithsonian Institution, P. O. Box 37012, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="39894337461C93EBDBD550F125557F35">Damaska, Albert F.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="698C4363A298EA3DDA6C26CBFCCF202D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3640-626X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CE5787567F15C57B5925ADC0BFF1D598">Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 00 Prague, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="4ABAC773DFB50009B3159103B11C5567">Zheng, Lihao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B7E536575525F4F47FF1C1970074896C">Guang'an Vocational and Technical College, Guang'an 638000, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="89CCD9B2A75487E0886C920FE26E8797">Chen, Jun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DCB7DDE42D5D67E138047CF444F482DA" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0325-2532</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="970C0FD0D7B79F478FFEDE49DFD20C76">Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8D4B7089D12A9A7961B949E814F616D9">Meng, Ziye</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="24CB3A91F2F3EE3BFD9E5F12CF0822EC">Plant Protection Research Center, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China & Research Center of Buckwheat Industry Technology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="808016E0AA4A8719319F39C2A6B985A0" type="email">iorimouse@126.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="BDE5F5D9B226A265113E4B1006B7C278">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E1F7D2FADDED03C1C8F65C6350A34E9F">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="47F64DF1809197AF65489E31696DD9B0">2023-08-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="386780C388C8050E22749671B3D6F9EE">1177</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="71920344BB45D86297A8CA3DF2427B5F">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="A2603327175BE4766CA1A1F94BDB118E" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2026DC664CFE55AEBFB96087EB458498" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F2A1FBE-6CCC-42C0-B2A8-37196C16A07D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2026DC664CFE55AEBFB96087EB458498" lastPageNumber="147" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<subSubSection id="15A9D272FFAB5B8C8A88DDD57EDF0727" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D94A82BB875F1185097AD080EF9F2542" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<taxonomicName id="60895BBE73B3F2B90EF34C83078320F3" LSID="https://zoobank.org/6F2A1FBE-6CCC-42C0-B2A8-37196C16A07D" authority="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis" status="sp. nov.">Benedictus fuanensis Ruan & Konstantinov</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7789B652C53C580335813915A2F914AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="90F404BDF720D92EFE75B8B438575EF3" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A4BC3711EAEFD1126D192484736D4593" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<figureCitation id="3EB7540C92E062C37E5FB046E8526964" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Adult morphology of Benedictus fuanensis sp. nov. A holotype, male, dorsal view B holotype, male, ventral view C median lobe of aedeagus (holotype), ventral and lateral views D female (paratype), dorsal view E last visible abdominal tergite of female F spermatheca G vaginal palpi H female (paratype), lateral view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898740" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="34AFC631EA63EF859BB45BF9BEF4740A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Adult morphology of Benedictus fuanensis sp. nov. A pronotum, female B head, female C labrum, showing the extremely long tormae D mandible E maxilla F labium G male reproductive system H female reproductive system, four eggs are visible I immature eggs in the ovary." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898741" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 2</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="4F010D77F15F232AB265476E679315AF" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Biology of Benedictus fuanensis sp. nov. A male B female adult feeding on the top of a young shoot of the Hypnum plumaeforme Wilson C male and female in copula D habitat at the type locality, photographed at night E an individual discovered on the host plant at night at the type locality F an individual reared in the lab infected by fungi G faeces of individuals reared in the lab." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898742" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">, 3</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="8A44E41273A48C37D024F71BB378A0B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="8110E2083BBA12FB75D3A298F7B6F5FC" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="67E91D7D596E9D1E0EEEDAEF8288A154" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="C9FFB1C8433FB753ECDE6C6D67BD494E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Holotype</emphasis>
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: ♂ (SZPT), labels: 1) China, Fujian Prov., Fuan (福安), Shuyang (枢洋), 290 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="64542B9BB7180468CF51764E9A4323DD" degrees="27.1578" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="27.1578">27.1578°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EF110EEE66DEB4BA6022C3E6A5489B72" degrees="119.6809" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="119.6809">119.6809°E</geoCoordinate>
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, site1, 25.I-21.II.2021, Leg. Ruan, Ethanol-traps nr. moss; 2) HOLOTYPE
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<taxonomicName id="163654AE0FBD3AB36C043357084881A0" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
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<emphasis id="F5732294789507C4C9DDC6BABF3E4172" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. Des.
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<bibRefCitation id="EAF8BD04DA5004E6292FE759E16D7C01" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" author="Ruan, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="028 - 032" refId="B12" refString="Ruan, Y, Konstantinov, AS, Damaska, AF, 2022. Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 034: 028 - 032, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" title="Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" volume="034" year="2022">Ruan et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8783589A62F445278F05C200A40DF41E" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
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<emphasis id="B19E97BA511C2F48EDC20BD1DB3F55A3" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Paratypes</emphasis>
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(72 specimens): 21♂16♀ (SZPT; some would be transferred to IZCAS), labels: 1) China, Fujian Prov., Fuan (福安), Shuyang (枢洋), 290 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="A8F76C33901925C872BB3430CEE672ED" degrees="27.1578" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="27.1578">27.1578°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2B0431C44FA98640E875C17C35A8472C" degrees="119.6809" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="119.6809">119.6809°E</geoCoordinate>
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, site1, 25.I-21.II.2021, Leg. Ruan, Ethanol-traps nr. moss; 2) PARATYPE
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<taxonomicName id="866F7A91AFDAB703A76866946C2016C2" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
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<emphasis id="51823398245D0213065E927888B957AB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. Des.
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. • 10♂7♀ (SZPT), labels: 1) China, Fujian Prov., Fuan (福安), Shuyang (枢洋), 300 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="13C337AE4E598C9DA1117D413B98F87E" degrees="27.1573" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="27.1573">27.1573°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F4D32739EA599AB0187EA6CB5496B883" degrees="119.6812" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="119.6812">119.6812°E</geoCoordinate>
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, site2, 25.I-21.II.2021, Leg. Ruan, Ethanol-traps nr. moss; 2) PARATYPE
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<taxonomicName id="F921533FEF8FF01D831380D0167F29BB" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
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<emphasis id="E9024108ECCCF1CC91AF8D66F9B57AFE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. Des.
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<bibRefCitation id="8434DCE995461CC81E69E1411FB1AE8F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" author="Ruan, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="028 - 032" refId="B12" refString="Ruan, Y, Konstantinov, AS, Damaska, AF, 2022. Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 034: 028 - 032, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" title="Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" volume="034" year="2022">Ruan et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
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||
. • 3♂2♀ (SZPT), labels: 1) China, Fujian Prov., Fuan (福安), Shuyang (枢洋), 320 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="EF420608802178A54798B746293DC1AE" degrees="27.1599" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="27.1599">27.1599°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="2460C34A42F825616D20D8B91737F26B" degrees="119.6774" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="119.6774">119.6774°E</geoCoordinate>
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site3, 25.I-21.II.2021, Leg. Ruan, Ethanol-traps nr. moss; 2) PARATYPE
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<taxonomicName id="D95986B5BD4A93781AB1CD1D043ECB02" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
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<emphasis id="69D3037D06CC42160CC59AADD7A6D498" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. Des.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0DF89141F93A1B55BF82674948944F6B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" author="Ruan, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="028 - 032" refId="B12" refString="Ruan, Y, Konstantinov, AS, Damaska, AF, 2022. Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 034: 028 - 032, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" title="Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" volume="034" year="2022">Ruan et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. • 2♂5♀ (SZPT), labels: China, Fujian Prov., Fuan (福安), Shuyang (枢洋), 290 m,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="79DEA5E93075546811618200A7020436" degrees="27.1611" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="27.1611">27.1611°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7148C2B1EDB3539AAC447DE2C6671D0F" degrees="119.6763" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="119.6763">119.6763°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 13-II-2020, Extracted from moss, Leg. Y. Ruan; 2) PARATYPE
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCDB58F06D24445DD964FC6F4B1D94D7" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2B3A96F7FD913BBBD7E2C6AA4D475CE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EDD1688573A5243F4150BD9512C610AB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" author="Ruan, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="028 - 032" refId="B12" refString="Ruan, Y, Konstantinov, AS, Damaska, AF, 2022. Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 034: 028 - 032, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" title="Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" volume="034" year="2022">Ruan et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. • 1♂ (SZPT), labels: China, Fujian Prov., Fuan, Shuyang, 16-VIII-2019, unknown moss, Leg. Y. Ruan; 2) PARATYPE
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9A2E860C39EA6DC79301F1E6CFAACAE" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3A227739E1BFD9110843C627D4D56B7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA53E556E1F4ACB87C323A523080150B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" author="Ruan, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="028 - 032" refId="B12" refString="Ruan, Y, Konstantinov, AS, Damaska, AF, 2022. Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 034: 028 - 032, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" title="Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" volume="034" year="2022">Ruan et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. • 4♂1♀ (SZPT), labels: Guangdong, Shaoguan, Chebaling nature reserve, Luzidong, V.30-VI.4.2021,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FC4AB1D9C81A3D7FD2C477C17645082D" degrees="24.6979" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="24.6979">
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8240D33E68E376422297CD6237980AC4" degrees="24.6979" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="24.6979">24.6979</geoCoordinate>
|
||
°N
|
||
</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="48499366A6EF8EEEB6014491215A78CD" degrees="114.1758" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="114.1758">114.1758°E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 600 m, Leg. Yongying Ruan; 2) PARATYPE
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9937BEABCD4491C65B587547901E70D1" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E81983FE664D002F2D8ACF6A37B319B6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. Des.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8D9D389B61140C21CB63C2A9523AC551" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" author="Ruan, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="028 - 032" refId="B12" refString="Ruan, Y, Konstantinov, AS, Damaska, AF, 2022. Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 034: 028 - 032, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" title="Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" volume="034" year="2022">Ruan et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9C59C6F7E203BC5C21C166D853A703AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5556CFD114FE9AF72B27DB0C1665503B" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9BAC890C736C5B847E9A9355B0021A17" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
This new species may be distinguished from other known species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7FD46CFFB744CCC78F0A5BABDDD97544" authorityName="Scherer" authorityYear="1969" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="24142A07823079612A1063FA0D904679" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the following combination of characters: pronotum strongly convex; aedeagus widest at middle in ventral view; two longitudinal impressions present above supracallinal sulci; the facial part of the head strongly elongated; tormae of labrum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D954FFD591FBD0E17B700BA63B9D5817" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Adult morphology of Benedictus fuanensis sp. nov. A pronotum, female B head, female C labrum, showing the extremely long tormae D mandible E maxilla F labium G male reproductive system H female reproductive system, four eggs are visible I immature eggs in the ovary." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898741" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) extremely long, ~ 3.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7AFF637FD3A9BD492800901476FA9739" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as visible part of labrum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="883D656395C32D3E6B4F884E1F6AA3F7" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898740" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph id="6EAE2B2D2BC6A706CF479E0C5C69275B" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="CE4D7D59FAE7883D1423F1C3D9027372" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F068C2E7FD7F82811666F2CBB7F1B548" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8E86A623AC46FA9A743EDA8D5F259672" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="54E411BCB32E4D51F4E6ED484BA28D70" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, male, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="FAE95ACA6FEFEFC612E7854CC7D888F5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
|
||
holotype, male, ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="84087E060E433FD632E9638624205B77" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
|
||
median lobe of aedeagus (holotype), ventral and lateral views
|
||
<emphasis id="41B70927DB2D3084F17683A331D819FC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
|
||
female (paratype), dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="C9A4D86C5818ECAB29898E5DFA308FDD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E</emphasis>
|
||
last visible abdominal tergite of female
|
||
<emphasis id="325B3F006D02EA6B37DA04C3D75D57C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">F</emphasis>
|
||
spermatheca
|
||
<emphasis id="6FBCBBFFEF9BF7389C5247166C305ED8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">G</emphasis>
|
||
vaginal palpi
|
||
<emphasis id="AD3329259C052D0A5F50E38D77542665" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">H</emphasis>
|
||
female (paratype), lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="0645EF156564DFCA4464F87097578E02" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898741" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="6D2A2092C71AAB30DDC52D501ECA6703" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="D039C8EB7D3028EC0F527BCFFB07EC80" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Adult morphology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57A4E2B8BE1EA32EA0EEE74D480F57B5" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F36D1EF4BD6996E2591DC617B8FA55A4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="BE80A2EDBABD76BD71700C31FB46DA4F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
|
||
pronotum, female
|
||
<emphasis id="429F5C238114E89C8F4650E3AC12D049" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
|
||
head, female
|
||
<emphasis id="C27ECDE0980454C5FB0000758F369114" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
|
||
labrum, showing the extremely long tormae
|
||
<emphasis id="0304BA12266AE8980ECFEFB477871FA0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
|
||
mandible
|
||
<emphasis id="89E2153A168F49C74C009D152648F6EF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E</emphasis>
|
||
maxilla
|
||
<emphasis id="67A732622B16D3FA403800B022223F9F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">F</emphasis>
|
||
labium
|
||
<emphasis id="285441FFEC18311FB5FD551E2D193369" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">G</emphasis>
|
||
male reproductive system
|
||
<emphasis id="9B4E4C9379CF3E8BD4F37D09937D60D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">H</emphasis>
|
||
female reproductive system, four eggs are visible
|
||
<emphasis id="A4C25A27D58193462B9F75BD0528C7BD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">I</emphasis>
|
||
immature eggs in the ovary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B3DBC7E6DC96663559945B15C9929521" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="CA5DE57004FB04F53659DD89E6839BAC" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3B8BD3B6E5448686DE6DAF3C406B83DA" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Male body length 1.30-1.60 mm, width 0.80-0.90 mm; female body length 1.40-1.70 mm, width 0.90-1.00 mm (measured for all type specimens). Ratio of body length to body width: 1.55-1.78 (measured in one male and one female). Dorsum yellow-brown to chestnut-brown. Venter slightly paler than dorsum. Antennae and legs uniformly pale yellow-brown to yellow-brown. Legs and antennae covered with yellow setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="69614773B630E73D05365952D2B31566" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="D08D418C4683458947C61EE7DD83E9C5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="A4B607FB4D52897601B70F714DD64DA0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Head</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Head hypognathous. Vertex smooth, with very shallow reticulation; a few punctures bearing setae present above supraorbital sulci on each side; two short longitudinal impressions present at mesal side of punctures above supracallinal sulci. Antennal calli well delimited, triangular, with flattened surface. Supracallinal and supraorbital sulci deep, forming oblique straight line. Supra-antennal sulcus poorly developed. Facial part of head strongly elongated. Frontal ridge widest between antennal sockets, much narrowed and ridged towards clypeus; each side of frontal ridge concave and looks coarse being covered with minute longitudinal ridges. Fronto-genal ridge present. Labrum with two pairs of setae, deeply emarginate on anterior margin. Mandibles symmetrical, palmate; each mandible with five sharp teeth, mesal side with a membranous lobe bearing dense microtrichia. Tormae of labrum extremely long, ~ 3.5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C60E3A4BEEEFD875F641956C91F454D9" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as visible part of labrum. Proportions of antennomere lengths: 100: 56: 45: 33: 47: 42: 54: 53: 56: 58: 87 (measured in one individual).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="17EEA9FAA23B5B11529F2E71B3D81595" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="296A22A4A626EE1297C1A2A0D2E8B0CC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="80D8BD39127AD3609B11332235B4D211" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Pronotum strongly convex, ratio of pronotum width (measured at posterior edge) to length: 1.37-1.42 (measured in two males and two females). Pronotum widest at posterior part of anterolateral callosity. Anterolateral callosity well-developed, elongate, and straight, with an anterolateral setiferous pore situated at posterior end. Procoxal cavities open posteriorly. Base of pronotum with deep and transverse antebasal groove, delimited by well-developed longitudinal grooves on each side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6CF2B6B87800B3621DA8F550384B9E79" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Elytra strongly convex, humeral calli absent. Elytra with punctures arranged in regular lines. Hind wings absent.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9522388AF1C58E34313CF229A9286EE5" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="4F4FB057F3B8E12A0945B689797BD7CB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="D43A3961A7E9DB3889CB359CF442D918" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
First male protarsomere larger than that of female. Length of metatibia to first metatarsomere in male: 100: 31.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BDF743DF008D9C2DDF24214A9AF9CE28" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="5560E74C803954D9D70AE07A15E9F41A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="34A15496BCFD008D88CB97729D6622F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Median lobe of aedeagus in ventral view: widest at middle, ventral surface smooth, sides narrowing from middle to apex; apex narrowly rounded, without denticle. Median lobe of aedeagus in lateral view: widest at base, strongly curved ventrad at basal half, apical half nearly straight, with apex very slightly bent ventrad.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AE31ADA2CE3F5A8217944AB5E07CA483" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="38D71F9D2894A41EFF060124B4DDE997" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8F7DF7E5E6CB326793EE3CCB1A3D73" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Spermathecal pump cylindrical, very slightly curved, apex broad and rounded; without clear border with receptacle; more or less perpendicular to receptacle. Receptacle of spermatheca cylindrical, gradually narrowed towards spermathecal duct, with sides slightly curved near middle. Spermathecal duct has coils.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="2D6AC4231BAD818B755C19BA396F7C62" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="variation">
|
||
<paragraph id="22D2D452AC12E1856192AE09EEA6418E" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Variation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1AAC81E0F2284D737384133305E7F5ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">In the specimens collected from Fujian province, males have a paler colour than females; males vary slightly in body size; females have more or less invariable body size. In the specimens from Guangdong province, males have a deeper colour than females.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3D587626C4B352149BE6403B8377A8A8" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="4889C6D08E13765A89FB392A39B29F59" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="28632511A3490D418FA9842574C61B0B" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
This species is named after the type locality, Fuan city; the name also indicates that the species is sympatric with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7948BE6202D44561764DCD6EDEC3D367" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cangshanaltica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cangshanaltica fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C76F6532974450858EA97C509304E4D1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Cangshanaltica fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C9D55283FE2F68E4E1D17ECAF725D1AA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" author="Ruan, Y" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="028 - 032" refId="B12" refString="Ruan, Y, Konstantinov, AS, Damaska, AF, 2022. Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China. Journal of Insect Biodiversity 034: 028 - 032, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" title="Description of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini) from China." url="https://doi.org/10.12976/jib/2022.34.2.1" volume="034" year="2022">Ruan et al. (2022)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. The specific epithet is a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="CDDF6E3FA2688B655B080225CA117ED8" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph id="3C800905BE6E91970E1FEB67FA4802E9" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A70B0C1DC21B90C997D258B32183659F" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Shuyang, Fuan, Fujian Prov., China.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C8277DFDAAE95B7E66235256C14C07E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="B4B5EB66B62F7D370E0AE439D50E5C1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8260FA587600EFAA914E09DB3962CC26" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">China (Fujian, Guangdong).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5C15C141A99B091E78741A2A2E0E645E" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="host">
|
||
<paragraph id="EE1BB4DBAD96B5C26A06DD029F955228" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Host plant.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC8DFFA8F32AA82115AD3845F44C41D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D0292A45ED9F0A04AFC53ED0A2FE45E0" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="385ADE07B153CF1CDED26EABD0562EBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. primarily fed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B8ED2CC361EFF534CCDA44B7DF6CE05" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1848" class="Bryopsida" family="Hypnaceae" genus="Hypnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hypnum plumaeforme" order="Hypnales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="plumaeforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="17B490F762343028C02E5F60340A338E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Hypnum plumaeforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wilson (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EFA5F609557ECABCCBBBFE9CACF8F048" authorityName="J.Hedwig" authorityYear="1801" class="Bryopsida" family="Hypnaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Hypnales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="family">Hypnaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in the laboratory environment. They were spotted on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3084B33B546FAC04F16DE4651EB39A12" lsidName="H. plumaeforme" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="plumaeforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="4F53F7F9CB6961F68937C37546A98593" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">H. plumaeforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at night in the type locality. We found they also feed on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="46709152AA7724A8D47B47486AF6CA4C" class="Bryopsida" family="Racopilaceae" genus="Racopilum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Racopilum aristatum" order="Bryales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="aristatum">Racopilum cf. aristatum</taxonomicName>
|
||
when there is no
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72ABC99C28149CFE2A6EB362D1264D95" lsidName="H. plumaeforme" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="plumaeforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="880FD9A32CAE89347C0906D6CCD2598D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">H. plumaeforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
present in the rearing container.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A75F6EAC91B5F5CB60E1622034C9720C" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="7B38F8C0F24EE9E4BE26D7E37847E6A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3CE9703CB5881FFC32901053459539B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
Forty live individuals were collected by modified ethanol traps (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A229593A0B7B86CD03DC33AB8918B6D4" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ethanol traps used for collecting leaf litter and moss-inhabiting flea beetles A-C regular ethanol traps were placed close to moist moss, liverwort, or leaf litter to collect flea beetles D, E modified ethanol trap for collecting living individuals; diagram in inset E shows that ethanol-dipped sponge is used as bait, the upper opening of the bowl is sealed by plastic film leaving a narrowing opening for beetles to crawl in, the plastic film forms a slope; when the flea beetles try to escape, they usually crawl upwards and could be trapped by the slope." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898747" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">8D, E</figureCitation>
|
||
) and reared in a plastic container in the laboratory. Rearing methods are the same as those used for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7B9328352E287827D5AAB1B216EB30EA" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cangshanaltica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cangshanaltica fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6DF8E3F8D6390F06C3A0121E23C3F892" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Cangshanaltica fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, follows
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EDAC38B18A5C3F1159F6E9B066150F3D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11090571" author="Ruan, Y" journalOrPublisher="Insects" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" pagination="1 - 27" refId="B11" refString="Ruan, Y, Konstantinov, AS, Damaska, AF, 2020. The biology and immature stages of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini), with description of a fan-driven high-power Berlese funnel. Insects 11 (9): 1 - 27, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11090571" title="The biology and immature stages of the moss-eating flea beetle Cangshanaltica fuanensis sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae, Alticini), with description of a fan-driven high-power Berlese funnel." url="https://doi.org/10.3390/insects11090571" volume="11" year="2020">Ruan et al. (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Copulation was observed frequently in the lab-reared individuals of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="89DDE1F4BF8BD263134E015ACEB5A48F" lsidName="B. fuanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="C39155A2B6B5605344CDAE5F332FED3A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B. fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in some cases, a single copulation could last for more than 24 hours, with the male constantly staying on the back of the female. The rearing lasted for 46 days; however, no eggs or larvae were found. This means the biological habits of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5639ADBB2D4E5196A2D0CCA842C950CD" lsidName="B. fuanensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="7D1B867A414A608F5B5BF5F835B0D879" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B. fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be slightly different from those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="36B9EA3C719E7CF7FC66DA127B33FBA6" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cangshanaltica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cangshanaltica fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="094EC80C9123980BB9CD1A3FEDD27B1A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Cangshanaltica fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F291A098C8109B570B0346D8030BE1A4" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF643EE1354F319C9CD55E8097A361F1" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="1ED2BB8924DE543E23D72A0D68D96DF8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="991A75AE98040D78A234BF397B64D7F1" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cangshanaltica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cangshanaltica fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EA6B85E73AA5762CE082C396AE970600" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Cangshanaltica fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found on the same host plant in the same moss cushion in Fuan, Fujian Province. They are also quite similar in some biological characteristics. For instance, adults of both species were usually discovered on the surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DF5239567CA29288F3C69E7173BAB3CD" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1848" class="Bryopsida" family="Hypnaceae" genus="Hypnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hypnum plumaeforme" order="Hypnales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="plumaeforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="A3385115F7A1112CBE58BAA6CBCAD01C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Hypnum plumaeforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wilson at night with high humidity; they both like to feed on the top of the young shoots of the host plant, so that the ends of young shoots are usually chopped off by beetle feeding, which is destructive to the host plant; the faeces of their larvae and adults mainly consist of undigested fragments of host plant leaf (see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7B173CAA2484CCF413D857A653DA2889" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Biology of Benedictus fuanensis sp. nov. A male B female adult feeding on the top of a young shoot of the Hypnum plumaeforme Wilson C male and female in copula D habitat at the type locality, photographed at night E an individual discovered on the host plant at night at the type locality F an individual reared in the lab infected by fungi G faeces of individuals reared in the lab." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898742" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">3G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The interaction of the two species in nature is still unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="35B7643D24E680B3E0A18763DD345C43" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="893EBE286612F06C56119E5226DCFCA5" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="4AFEF6C20AD78E31910BE6CC84296890" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. also has large eggs, small egg numbers, and fewer ovarioles. These features are similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E3A78F65E291104536C38F2084522E8" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cangshanaltica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cangshanaltica fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="EDBE12E6BAF78750596B97EE397D5F7B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Cangshanaltica fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Based on the dissection of three female specimens, four to six eggs could be found inside a female abdomen. Egg length 0.60-0.62 mm; width 0.25-0.31 mm (measured on two eggs); egg length equals ~ 40% of female body length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D99180DABC5A5CB68FAF53875B290610" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
The jumping ability of two individuals was tested. The horizontal jumping distance ranged from 3.5 cm to 11.7 cm.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5F6FC99AB6F6D3CD2B0BD11D563A1152" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD8935CEB5765D9876118A5D5B42384B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. has far less explosive jumps compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9B98EE2C18B382DD7C548F1B4C8490A3" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Cangshanaltica" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cangshanaltica fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="81783B777A670F3726128CE9D7E38816" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Cangshanaltica fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="02C1C38C3608BBD70330DA1CE135AD41" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1177.102811.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/898742" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph id="326EB632B34DFB63D7BC7A61EC9C69B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">
|
||
<emphasis id="6E21EFE6C5CAD8D08EA51E1C6DA31D11" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0608A1D534064978524D0534048AAA30" authorityName="Ruan & Konstantinov" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Chrysomelidae" genus="Benedictus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Benedictus fuanensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fuanensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="AF7A05A788521431E0AD8D70DBA08101" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Benedictus fuanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="590E376709ABCBF24CD7CF8D9B70F154" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">A</emphasis>
|
||
male
|
||
<emphasis id="B33224D990A9810ADBAE12ABBAC4DEC9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">B</emphasis>
|
||
female adult feeding on the top of a young shoot of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3851D085B69BBAFDE4244F2DEFF74E28" authorityName="Wilson" authorityYear="1848" class="Bryopsida" family="Hypnaceae" genus="Hypnum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Hypnum plumaeforme" order="Hypnales" pageId="0" pageNumber="147" phylum="Bryophyta" rank="species" species="plumaeforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="2F6167B1CFCC6B5CDF36D90FB2895863" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">Hypnum plumaeforme</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Wilson
|
||
<emphasis id="85647B6BF05821403A1E58C68121EA20" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">C</emphasis>
|
||
male and female
|
||
<emphasis id="937B0A651DCDB92EE6535B8591FE0FAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">in copula</emphasis>
|
||
<emphasis id="77A785FB97EC51E2EDE04E8B97FDC0F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">D</emphasis>
|
||
habitat at the type locality, photographed at night
|
||
<emphasis id="480C99836A13715DF5452D070CFBAFF6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">E</emphasis>
|
||
an individual discovered on the host plant at night at the type locality
|
||
<emphasis id="A13153850788BC07B707FCF0DE1CFC22" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">F</emphasis>
|
||
an individual reared in the lab infected by fungi
|
||
<emphasis id="4424092AC1BA27C1E3218592DA7FF772" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="147">G</emphasis>
|
||
faeces of individuals reared in the lab.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |