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<document id="922FCB9792D1BD04400C267EB6AC5D81" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.273998" ID-GBIF-Dataset="658d1217-0cd5-4fe2-8177-270f1f0fc09d" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="273998" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459995784964" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Huertas, Blanca &amp; Arias, John Jairo" docDate="2007" docId="03F0878C0B3C78554D953283FB2DE5D7" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01652p040.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1652" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Idioneurula donegani Huertas &amp; Arias, new species" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="34" masterDocId="FFC9FFF40B3F785D4D02301EFF89E475" masterDocTitle="A new butterfly species from the Colombian Andes and a review of the taxonomy of the genera Idioneurula Strand, 1932 and Tam an i a Pyrcz, 1995 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)" masterLastPageNumber="40" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="30" updateTime="1698232785584" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="9F32FA03217E642A154C7ECE0544C2BB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="8C4065C0A643962FB83EABB98DDFE5C3">
<mods:title id="DAE65B044F897AD104C364D6A501D884">A new butterfly species from the Colombian Andes and a review of the taxonomy of the genera Idioneurula Strand, 1932 and Tam an i a Pyrcz, 1995 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="73FC539CF3FA77190C77528292837406" type="personal">
<mods:role id="AC1B779D4389911D4ABFB937C9AAAEBE">
<mods:roleTerm id="F9A8D36B26E49B1A57A43E9B32F1B011">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="663F50E7DBCA0503A6F2A13452AF102E">Huertas, Blanca</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="669AA9E3FFE035E6565DA804AEBD99C8" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4D507A1586F858D0EAA1436414C4517C">
<mods:roleTerm id="FE024F308CF49B1420DCD4ED49F17CDC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="DFDD15F10EA9F405A68ED8493C15E159">Arias, John Jairo</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="4F788B29D875B09FA014B32D038279A7">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="F970681D646527A8627346E8E42F6E43" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="9868D9D4F5262D3FAAD4FA3903E93429">
<mods:title id="8A347311F61A16ECEB0F5661BA9C52FC">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="9150312A8C4863A3F804FEA239007A23">
<mods:date id="E1065BE64F08654583CEBD95C1333A95">2007</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="43CF0121529E9B9B52EEA01AD408F161" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C4CD8CDD0A21CADA090099C3851C2D29">1652</mods:number>
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<mods:extent id="C68886F509693A1ABEA4FAF69EEC1F1E" unit="page">
<mods:start id="DA26CFAF5ADCF0614FA215335F8C7632">27</mods:start>
<mods:end id="FBDFCCBEF05539247574C6375DAF5990">40</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="1268D8A0B17D335C4FC046E1952A158C">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="B083EE3FCD58B09AF170871BB114749C" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.273998</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="20FFFB553FCF33B6E668942C6937AC14" type="GBIF-Dataset">658d1217-0cd5-4fe2-8177-270f1f0fc09d</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B6D07C01EF8970F36B11032C2F783AA6" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3410027063544BCF3C351D8B795D14EF" type="Zenodo-Dep">273998</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="03F0878C0B3C78554D953283FB2DE5D7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5690547" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119380281" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5690547" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03F0878C0B3C78554D953283FB2DE5D7" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03F0878C0B3C78554D953283FB2DE5D7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<subSubSection id="C34365110B3C785E4D953283FC9CE6C2" box="[151,789,669,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B3C785E4D953283FC9CE6C2" blockId="3.[151,789,669,695]" box="[151,789,669,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<heading id="D0AE81F60B3C785E4D953283FC9CE6C2" bold="true" box="[151,789,669,695]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" reason="1">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4D953283FC9CE6C2" bold="true" box="[151,789,669,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4D953283FDF0E6C2" authority="Huertas &amp; Arias" authorityName="Huertas &amp; Arias" box="[151,633,669,695]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4D953283FE16E6C2" bold="true" box="[151,415,669,695]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Idioneurula donegani</emphasis>
Huertas &amp; Arias
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57F30B3C785E4F843283FC9CE6C2" box="[646,789,669,695]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" rank="species">new species</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34365110B3C785E4D9532F6FC7EE06F" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B3C785E4D9532F6FE50E787" blockId="3.[151,1436,744,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4D9532F6FE80E777" bold="true" box="[151,265,744,770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="54E288380B3C785E4D9532F6FE80E777" box="[151,265,744,770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
m:
<collectingCountry id="F34E760A0B3C785E4C3E32F6FE3AE777" box="[316,435,744,770]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Santander, Serranía de los Yariguíes, Municipios El Carmen/Simacota, Lepipuerto
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B3C785E4D95330EFF62E75F" box="[151,235,784,810]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D505D0B3C785E4DFA330EFEE9E75F" box="[248,352,784,810]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="6.4666667">06°28’N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D505D0B3C785E4C6C330EFE50E75F" box="[366,473,784,810]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-73.46667">73°28’W</geoCoordinate>
, west slope;
<date id="FFE7105A0B3C785E4F71330EFC98E75F" box="[627,785,784,810]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" value="2005-01">January 2005</date>
(Huertas &amp; Arias
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4EEC330EFB9BE75C" box="[1006,1042,784,809]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">leg</emphasis>
.). Deposited in IAvH,
<collectingCountry id="F34E760A0B3C785E4823330EFA10E75F" box="[1313,1433,784,810]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Colombia</collectingCountry>
.
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4D953326FE88E727" bold="true" box="[151,257,824,850]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Allotype</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="F34E760A0B3C785E4C0D3326FE0FE727" box="[271,390,824,850]" name="Colombia" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, Santander, Serranía de los Yariguíes, Municipio de Galán, Filo Pamplona
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B3C785E48413326FA11E727" box="[1347,1432,824,850]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="3200.0">3200m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D505D0B3C785E4D95337EFF74E70F" box="[151,253,864,890]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="6.633333">06º38’N</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="EE6D505D0B3C785E4C08337EFEFCE70F" box="[266,373,864,890]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" precision="925" value="-73.4">73º24’W</geoCoordinate>
; east slope.
<date id="FFE7105A0B3C785E4F04337EFD36E70F" box="[518,703,864,890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" value="2005-06" valueMax="2005-07-31" valueMin="2005-06-00">June–July 2005</date>
(Huertas, Arias &amp; Ríos
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4EE3337EFB85E70C" box="[993,1036,864,889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">leg.</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E491C337EFB12E70F" bold="true" box="[1054,1179,864,890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<typeStatus id="54E288380B3C785E491C337EFB12E70F" box="[1054,1179,864,890]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B3C785E49A6337EFB44E70F" box="[1188,1229,864,890]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="7.0">7m</quantity>
, same data as the
<typeStatus id="54E288380B3C785E4D953396FE8BE7D7" box="[151,258,904,930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B3C785E4C0F3396FEC8E7D7" box="[269,321,904,930]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" unit="m" value="14.0">14m</quantity>
and 2f, data as the allotype. Deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED48AE5F0B3C785E4E433396FC32E7D7" box="[833,955,904,930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">MHN-UC</collectionCode>
, JFLCPC and to be deposited in
<collectionCode id="ED48AE5F0B3C785E48463396FA15E7D7" box="[1348,1436,904,930]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">BMNH</collectionCode>
and other collections. No other specimens of
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4FB633AEFCB2E7BC" box="[692,827,944,969]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4FB633AEFCB2E7BC" box="[692,827,944,969]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
were found in the consulted collections or at other study sites in the Yariguíes.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B3C785E4DC4341EFC7EE06F" blockId="3.[151,1436,744,2010]" box="[198,1015,1024,1050]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
For specimens of other taxa consulted in collections, see
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4E61341EFC66E06F" bold="true" box="[867,1007,1024,1050]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Appendix I</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34365110B3C785E4DC43436FCC5E3FF" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B3C785E4DC43436FB11E147" blockId="3.[151,1436,744,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4DC43436FECFE037" bold="true" box="[198,326,1064,1090]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4C4C3436FDC7E034" box="[334,590,1064,1089]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4C4C3436FDC7E034" box="[334,590,1064,1089]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Idioneurula donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4F573436FD11E037" bold="true" box="[597,664,1064,1090]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57F30B3C785E4F573436FD11E037" box="[597,664,1064,1090]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
most closely resembles the two described
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E49903436FA94E034" box="[1170,1309,1064,1089]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E49903436FA94E034" box="[1170,1309,1064,1089]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Idioneurula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species (
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E48893436FE99E01C" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebioides">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E48893436FE99E01C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">I. erebioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4C4A344EFE30E01C" box="[328,441,1104,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4C4A344EFE30E01C" box="[328,441,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">I. eremita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4CFE344EFD7BE01C" box="[508,754,1104,1129]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tamania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacquelinae">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4CFE344EFD7BE01C" box="[508,754,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Tamania jacquelinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its morphology (
<figureCitation id="13622A1F0B3C785E4EDA344EFBA0E01F" box="[984,1065,1104,1130]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[204,1410,675,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,628,1772]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Idioneurula and Tamania adult male species. A. I. donegani n. sp. HT male, Serranía de los Yariguíes, Colombia. B. I. erebioides Arcabuco, Boyacá, Colombia. C. Tamania jacquelinae PT, PNN El Tamá, Venezuelan side. D. I. eremita PNN El Tamá, Colombian side. Dorsal and ventral views on the right and left handsides respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274000/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
A–D).
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4980344EFA85E01C" box="[1154,1292,1104,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4980344EFA85E01C" box="[1154,1292,1104,1129]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Idioneurula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are small to medium sized butterflies with a rather triangular-shaped forewing, plain brown coloured wings, no markings on the dorsal forewing, at least one ocellus on the lower border of the dorsal hindwing, such ocelli generally black with a yellow or orange border and white centre spot, no marked sexual dimorphism, high elevation distribution in the East Andes (
<figureCitation id="13622A1F0B3C785E4CEF34EEFDBBE17F" box="[493,562,1264,1290]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[282,1302,385,1092]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[282,1302,385,1093]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of northern Colombia and western Venezuela showing localities where I. donegani Huertas &amp; Arias, n. sp. was found (Serranía de los Yariguíes: red dots). Other symbols show collecting localities of I. erebioides (Santander, Boyacá: blue squares), I. eremita (Tamá: pink triangles) and T. jacquelinae (Tamá: black dot). A. Digital elevation map in bottom right shows isolation of Serranía de los Yariguíes highlands from the rest of the Cordillera Oriental." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273999/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), broadly similar male genitalia with proximal opening for the aedeagus hirsute and concave and small spines on the proximal tip of the aedeagus (
<figureCitation id="13622A1F0B3C785E4EFF3506FBC5E147" box="[1021,1100,1304,1330]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1257,1281]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wing venation detail of I. donegani n. sp." pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
A–D).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B3C785E4DC4355EFCC5E3FF" blockId="3.[151,1436,744,2010]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4DC4355EFEC5E12C" box="[198,332,1344,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4DC4355EFEC5E12C" box="[198,332,1344,1369]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4C513521FE1FE12C" bold="true" box="[339,406,1343,1369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57F30B3C785E4C513521FE1FE12C" box="[339,406,1343,1369]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4F32355EFD4BE12C" box="[560,706,1344,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebioides">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4F32355EFD4BE12C" box="[560,706,1344,1369]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">I. erebioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4FF9355EFCE4E12C" box="[763,877,1344,1369]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4FF9355EFCE4E12C" box="[763,877,1344,1369]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">I. eremita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its larger overall size (wings:
<tableCitation id="C6DB03210B3C785E49EF355EFACDE12F" box="[1261,1348,1344,1370]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1071,1095]" captionTargetBox="[159,1407,1162,1633]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison between measures of forewing length taken in all known Idioneurula species and Tamania jacquelinae. m: male and f: female. I. eremita (data from Pyrcz &amp; Viloria 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2666120B3B78594D953431FC59E01C" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" tableUuid="DF2666120B3B78594D953431FC59E01C">Table 1</tableCitation>
, antennae and abdomen), dark antennae (with no yellowish tip), wing shape (more rounded in
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E49A23576FAAFE1F4" box="[1184,1318,1384,1409]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E49A23576FAAFE1F4" box="[1184,1318,1384,1409]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, more triangular in
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4C18358EFE26E1DC" box="[282,431,1424,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebioides">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4C18358EFE26E1DC" box="[282,431,1424,1449]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">I. erebioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4CEC358EFDEBE1DC" box="[494,610,1424,1449]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4CEC358EFDEBE1DC" box="[494,610,1424,1449]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">I. eremita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), absence of scales on borders of wing forming a hairy appearance, darker dorsal coloration of both wings, greater number of ocelli (always 4 or 5) on dorsal hind wing (HW) (from
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4DE035FEFEFCE18C" box="[226,373,1504,1529]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebioides">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4DE035FEFEFCE18C" box="[226,373,1504,1529]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">I. erebioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only) and ventral HW underside pattern; presence of dark brown zigzagging postmedian line and a series of 4–5 small submarginal ocelli with white pupils, similar to
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E492B3616FB13E254" box="[1065,1178,1544,1569]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E492B3616FB13E254" box="[1065,1178,1544,1569]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">I. eremita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, whereas in
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E48323616FF4FE23C" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebioides">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E48323616FF4FE23C" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">I. erebioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the pattern is indistinct, the ocelli faint or absent and the ventral HW often has intervenous cream stripes; and in male genitalia by a process of heavily sclerotization on dorso-distal valva.
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E49493646FAC0E204" box="[1099,1353,1624,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E49493646FAC0E204" box="[1099,1353,1624,1649]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Idioneurula donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4DDA369EFEF7E2EC" box="[216,382,1664,1689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tamania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacquelinae">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4DDA369EFEF7E2EC" box="[216,382,1664,1689]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">T. jacquelinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its wing ground colour being less chestnut-brown in males and in the presence of zigzag pattern on HW; absence of ocelli on dorsal forewing (FW) (
<figureCitation id="13622A1F0B3C785E4E8936B6FC55E2B7" box="[907,988,1704,1730]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[204,1410,675,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,628,1772]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Idioneurula and Tamania adult male species. A. I. donegani n. sp. HT male, Serranía de los Yariguíes, Colombia. B. I. erebioides Arcabuco, Boyacá, Colombia. C. Tamania jacquelinae PT, PNN El Tamá, Venezuelan side. D. I. eremita PNN El Tamá, Colombian side. Dorsal and ventral views on the right and left handsides respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274000/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
A–D); and in male genitalia as for the other species above. Notably,
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B6B0B3C785E4CF836CEFD1DE29F" author="Pyrcz" box="[506,660,1744,1770]" pageId="3" pageNumber="39" refString="Pyrcz, T. W. (1995) A new genus, Tamania, and a new species, Tamania jacquelinae, from the Tama range, Venezuela Colombia border, and some thoughts on the diagnosis of the tribe Pronophilini (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Lambillionea, 95, 519 - 525." type="journal article" year="1995">Pyrcz (1995)</bibRefCitation>
gave as diagnostic feature of
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4EFA36CEFBD2E29C" box="[1016,1115,1744,1769]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tamania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4EFA36CEFBD2E29C" box="[1016,1115,1744,1769]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Tamania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
that it exhibited “only one prominent M2–M3 cell ocellus on the upper and under surface of both wings”.
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E495436E6FADEE364" box="[1110,1367,1784,1809]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E495436E6FADEE364" box="[1110,1367,1784,1809]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Idioneurula donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
lacks this ocellus on the FW (
<figureCitation id="13622A1F0B3C785E4CA9373EFE7BE34F" box="[427,498,1824,1850]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[204,1410,675,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,628,1772]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Idioneurula and Tamania adult male species. A. I. donegani n. sp. HT male, Serranía de los Yariguíes, Colombia. B. I. erebioides Arcabuco, Boyacá, Colombia. C. Tamania jacquelinae PT, PNN El Tamá, Venezuelan side. D. I. eremita PNN El Tamá, Colombian side. Dorsal and ventral views on the right and left handsides respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274000/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Despite the general similarity in size, differences are observed in average wing length between these species (
<tableCitation id="C6DB03210B3C785E4CFE3756FDDDE317" box="[508,596,1864,1890]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,239,1071,1095]" captionTargetBox="[159,1407,1162,1633]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison between measures of forewing length taken in all known Idioneurula species and Tamania jacquelinae. m: male and f: female. I. eremita (data from Pyrcz &amp; Viloria 2007)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2666120B3B78594D953431FC59E01C" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" tableUuid="DF2666120B3B78594D953431FC59E01C">Table 1</tableCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3C785E4F6C3756FD7CE314" box="[622,757,1864,1889]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4F6C3756FD7CE314" box="[622,757,1864,1889]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a greater range of variation in this measurement perhaps due to sampling in two different and distant localities.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34365110B3C78594DC43789FD4CE391" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B3C78594DC43789FE5DE78F" blockId="3.[151,1436,744,2010]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,152,1018]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4DC43789FE5BE3C4" bold="true" box="[198,466,1943,1969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Morphology. MALE:</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13622A1F0B3C785E4CE63786FDA5E3C7" box="[484,556,1944,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1702,1726]" captionTargetBox="[204,1410,675,1669]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,628,1772]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Idioneurula and Tamania adult male species. A. I. donegani n. sp. HT male, Serranía de los Yariguíes, Colombia. B. I. erebioides Arcabuco, Boyacá, Colombia. C. Tamania jacquelinae PT, PNN El Tamá, Venezuelan side. D. I. eremita PNN El Tamá, Colombian side. Dorsal and ventral views on the right and left handsides respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274000/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A,
<figureCitation id="13622A1F0B3C785E4F503786FD2AE3C7" box="[594,675,1944,1970]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[177,1403,501,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[156,1432,462,1947]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. Serranía de los Yariguíes páramo type locality. B. Habitat where Idioneurula donegani n. sp. was collected. C – D. I. donegani n. sp. resting during daylight. E – F. I. donegani n. sp. head and leg detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274002/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
C–F).
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3C785E4FF33789FCBDE3C4" bold="true" box="[753,820,1943,1969]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30">Head</emphasis>
: Eyes naked, dark coffee brown; palpi three times longer than head, densely hirsute, dorsally light brown, ventrally brown; antennae composed of 34 segments, brown except for dorsal surface of club, which is light orange chestnut, shaft with brown scales on dorsal and white on ventral sides, club 2.5 times as broad as shaft.
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594E4830A1FC2EE4AC" bold="true" box="[842,935,191,217]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Thorax</emphasis>
: dark brown, covered with hairy scales.
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594D9530F9FE98E574" bold="true" box="[151,273,231,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Abdomen</emphasis>
: dorsally dark brown. Ventrally gray with many scales.
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594EAF30F9FC75E574" bold="true" box="[941,1020,231,257]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Wings</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="13622A1F0B3B7859490F30F6FBDFE577" box="[1037,1110,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1676,1700]" captionTargetBox="[256,1327,167,1626]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[225,1362,97,1664]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Figures A – D: Idioneurula donegani n. sp. A. Male genitalia B. Aedeagus C. Aedeagus detail D. Valvae detail E. Female genitalia, sterigma detail F. Signa detail. Figures G – H: I. erebioides G. Female genitalia, sterigma detail H. Signa detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274001/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
): Forewing mean 23.7 mm; range 20.6–27.5 (n=22), hairy, dorsally lustrous reddish brown (average 10YR 2/
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B3B7859495E310EFB03E55F" box="[1116,1162,272,298]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="2.0">2 in</quantity>
Munsell (1977, 2000); cf. average 7.5YR 3/4–4/
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B3B78594CC03126FE66E527" box="[450,495,312,338]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" unit="in" value="6.0">6 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3B78594CF53126FD03E524" box="[503,650,312,337]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebioides">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594CF53126FD03E524" box="[503,650,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">I. erebioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), ventrally lighter and more brilliant. FW roughly triangular, apex and tornus obtuse; Sc independent of R1–R2. FW ground colour brown, progressively darker towards base, ventral discal region limited by two zigzag dark brown lines and another similar orange line separating marginal and submarginal regions and ventral FW wing edges, flanked with orange scales. Sparse reddish scales over all FW and HW. HW oval, margins rounded. Dorsal ground colour dark brown with thinly mottled orange scales around medial region; dark and tiny brown scales flanking margins of wings; two strongly marked dark brown zigzag lines, bordered with a thin line of orange scales, limiting submarginal area; dark brown line in marginal region bordering wing; between the lines are a series of four ocelli in cells M2-M3 to Cu1-Cu2, first three
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B3B78594C8E3266FE66E6E7" box="[396,495,632,658]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3–4 mm</quantity>
diameter, whilst a fifth ocellus in Cu2-1A is reduced to
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B3B7859498F3266FB79E6E7" box="[1165,1264,632,658]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2–3 mm</quantity>
or less, sometimes vestigial but never absent; ocelli black, circled by ochreous yellow and finely pupilled with white. HW ventral ground colour brown (lighter than dorsal) darker towards base with two thin dark brown zigzag lines limiting submarginal region; ventral surface densely covered with short hair scales; series of four or five small ocelli from cell M2-M3 to Cu2-A1, black, pupilled with white and diffusely circled by yellow ochreous and dusted with reddish scales.
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594CD43321FDC3E72C" bold="true" box="[470,586,831,857]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Genitalia</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation id="13622A1F0B3B78594F60335EFD39E72F" box="[610,688,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1257,1281]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wing venation detail of I. donegani n. sp." pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
A–D). Uncus elongated, ending with a rounded hook. Subuncus short, about one third length of uncus, horn-shaped and slightly pointed. Valva medium-sized, wide dorsal process of valva, rounded tegument and heavily sclerotized disto-dorsally. Vinculum rather long and thin. Aedeagus thin and long with small spines on the proximal tip and proximal opening concave and hirsute. Immature stages unknown.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2666120B3B78594D953431FC59E01C" ID-Table-UUID="DF2666120B3B78594D953431FC59E01C" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF2666120B3B78594D953431FC59E01C" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" targetBox="[159,1407,1162,1633]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B3B78594D953431FC59E01C" blockId="4.[151,1433,1071,1129]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594D953431FE80E032" bold="true" box="[151,265,1071,1095]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Comparison between measures of forewing length taken in all known
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3B78594905342EFB0DE032" box="[1031,1156,1072,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594905342EFB0DE032" box="[1031,1156,1072,1095]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Idioneurula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species and
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3B7859480C342EFF7AE01C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tamania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacquelinae">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B7859480C342EFF7AE01C" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Tamania jacquelinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. m: male and f: female.
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3B78594CF5344CFDD4E01C" box="[503,605,1106,1129]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594CF5344CFDD4E01C" box="[503,605,1106,1129]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">I. eremita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(data from Pyrcz &amp; Viloria 2007).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B3B78594D9D3494FDDFE214" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<table id="F959C43A0B3B87A24D9D3494FAF6E214" box="[159,1407,1162,1633]" gridcols="8" gridrows="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<tr id="356934D80B3B87A24D9D3494FAF6E0D4" box="[159,1407,1162,1185]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<th id="76B85DA40B3B87A24D9D3494FEBFE0D4" box="[159,310,1162,1185]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Species</th>
<th id="76B85DA40B3B87A24CC43494FCDBE0D4" box="[454,850,1162,1185]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">FW length: m: male; f: female; mean</th>
<th id="76B85DA40B3B87A24E5B3494FC12E0D4" box="[857,923,1162,1185]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">(mm);</th>
<th id="76B85DA40B3B87A24EA03494FBF7E0D4" box="[930,1150,1162,1185]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">minimum-maximum</th>
<th id="76B85DA40B3B87A249873494FB4EE0D4" box="[1157,1223,1162,1185]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">(mm);</th>
<th id="76B85DA40B3B87A249CC3494FB7AE0D4" box="[1230,1267,1162,1185]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">(n=</th>
<th id="76B85DA40B3B87A249F83494FACCE0D4" box="[1274,1349,1162,1185]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">sample</th>
<th id="76B85DA40B3B87A2484E3494FAF6E0D4" box="[1356,1407,1162,1185]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">size)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="356934D80B3B87A24D9D34ABFAF6E164" box="[159,1407,1205,1297]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76B85DA40B3B87A24D9D34ABFEBFE164" box="[159,310,1205,1297]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3B78594D9D34ABFEAAE0B9" box="[159,291,1205,1228]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebioides">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594D9D34ABFEAAE0B9" box="[159,291,1205,1228]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">I. erebioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76B85DA40B3B87A24CC434ABFCDBE164" box="[454,850,1205,1297]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">All: 18.3; 16.0–21.1; (n=53) m: 18.4; 16.0–21.0; (n=40) f: 18.2; 16.5–21.1; (n=13)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934D80B3B87A24D9D353BFAF6E1F4" box="[159,1407,1317,1409]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76B85DA40B3B87A24D9D353BFEBFE1F4" box="[159,310,1317,1409]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3B78594D9D353BFE8CE149" box="[159,261,1317,1340]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594D9D353BFE8CE149" box="[159,261,1317,1340]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">I. eremita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76B85DA40B3B87A24CC4353BFCDBE1F4" box="[454,850,1317,1409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">All: 18.5; 17.0–21.0; (n=104) m: 19.0; 18.5–21.0; (n=80) f: 18.09; 17.0–20.0; (n=24)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934D80B3B87A24D9D358BFAF6E184" box="[159,1407,1429,1521]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76B85DA40B3B87A24D9D358BFEBFE184" box="[159,310,1429,1521]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3B78594D9D358BFE91E1D9" box="[159,280,1429,1452]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594D9D358BFE91E1D9" box="[159,280,1429,1452]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76B85DA40B3B87A24CC4358BFCDBE184" box="[454,850,1429,1521]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">All: 23.8; 21.0–27.5; (n=25) m: 23.7; 21.0–27.5; (n=22) f: 24.7; 24.0–26.0; (n=3)</td>
</tr>
<tr id="356934D80B3B87A24D9D361BFAF6E214" box="[159,1407,1541,1633]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1" rowspan-7="1">
<th id="76B85DA40B3B87A24D9D361BFEBFE214" box="[159,310,1541,1633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3B78594D9D361BFEBFE269" box="[159,310,1541,1564]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tamania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacquelinae">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594D9D361BFEBFE269" box="[159,310,1541,1564]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">T. jacquelinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<td id="76B85DA40B3B87A24CC4361BFCDBE214" box="[454,850,1541,1633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">All: 21.4;20.5–22.0; (n=7) m: 21.5; 20.5–22.0; (n=6) f: 21.0; (n=1)</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B3B78594DC436ACFD4CE391" blockId="4.[151,1436,1714,2020]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594DC436ACFEC4E2B9" bold="true" box="[198,333,1714,1740]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">FEMALE:</emphasis>
Forewing mean 24.7mm; range 24.0–26.0 (n=3). Similar to male except as follows. Forewing length slightly longer on average. Wing shape more rounded on average. Background pattern similar to males but zigzag more strongly marked in dorsal forewing. Colour c.
<date id="FFE7105A0B3B78594E76371CFC32E369" box="[884,955,1794,1820]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" value="1910-03-03">3/3 10</date>
YR (Munsell 1997, 2000), as
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3B7859481A371DFF48E331" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tamania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacquelinae">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B7859481A371DFF48E331" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">T. jacquelinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, paler than males on average. Line in hindwing marginal border more yellow (intense). Ocelli larger and five present on all specimens. Three to four ocelli in ventral hindwing.
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3B78594EE0374CFBDCE319" bold="true" box="[994,1109,1874,1900]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Genitalia</emphasis>
: (
<figureCitation id="13622A1F0B3B7859496C374CFB34E319" box="[1134,1213,1874,1900]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,255,1257,1281]" captionText="FIGURE 3. Wing venation detail of I. donegani n. sp." pageId="4" pageNumber="31">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
E–F) Large sclerotized sterigma broadly rounded, with conspicuous “nose” beneath ostium bursae. Ductus bursae very short; corpus bursae large, membranous almost spherical, paired signum composed of two narrow bands of densely set teeth, signa almost as long as corpus bursae.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C34365110B3A785B4DC43089FD51E637" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B3A78584DC43089FAC7E61F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584DC43089FEEEE4C4" bold="true" box="[198,359,151,177]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Distribution.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584C723086FDF8E4C4" box="[368,625,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584C723086FDF8E4C4" box="[368,625,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Idioneurula donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is known only from Serranía de los Yariguíes, in páramo habitat at
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B3A78584D9530DEFEBBE4AF" box="[151,306,192,218]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.05" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="3050.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="2900.0">2900–3200m</quantity>
elevation.
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584CB430DEFD4AE4AC" box="[438,707,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebioides">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584CB430DEFD4AE4AC" box="[438,707,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Idioneurula erebioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is found at similar elevations (
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B3A7858493530DEFB5CE4AF" box="[1079,1237,192,218]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.725" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.25" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="2725.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="2250.0">2250–3200m</quantity>
) but in the main East Andes and ranges further south (Cundinamarca to Boyacá: found at Arcabuco, SFF Iguaque, Sierra Nevada del Cocuy and Bogotá region).
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584F6F310EFC89E55C" box="[621,768,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebioides">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584F6F310EFC89E55C" box="[621,768,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">I. erebioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584E39310EFC48E55C" box="[827,961,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584E39310EFC48E55C" box="[827,961,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not known to be sympatric (
<figureCitation id="13622A1F0B3A785848463111FA02E55C" box="[1348,1419,271,297]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,1113,1137]" captionTargetBox="[282,1302,385,1092]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[282,1302,385,1093]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Map of northern Colombia and western Venezuela showing localities where I. donegani Huertas &amp; Arias, n. sp. was found (Serranía de los Yariguíes: red dots). Other symbols show collecting localities of I. erebioides (Santander, Boyacá: blue squares), I. eremita (Tamá: pink triangles) and T. jacquelinae (Tamá: black dot). A. Digital elevation map in bottom right shows isolation of Serranía de los Yariguíes highlands from the rest of the Cordillera Oriental." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/273999/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A785848463111FA02E55C" bold="true" box="[1348,1419,271,297]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Fig. 1</emphasis>
</figureCitation>
). On the north-eastern slope of the Cordillera Oriental in the region of Tamá,
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A785849463126FAB7E524" box="[1092,1342,312,337]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tamania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacquelinae">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A785849463126FAB7E524" box="[1092,1342,312,337]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Tamania jacquelinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B3A785848533126FF63E50F" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.35" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="2350.0" valueMax="2500.0" valueMin="2200.0">2200– 2500m</quantity>
) and
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584C2B317EFD9AE50C" box="[297,531,352,377]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584C2B317EFD9AE50C" box="[297,531,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Idioneurula eremita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B3A78584F23317EFD36E50F" box="[545,703,352,378]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.875" metricValueMax="3.35" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" unit="m" value="2875.0" valueMax="3350.0" valueMin="2400.0">2400–3350m</quantity>
) are found, with the latter replacing the former at higher elevations (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B6B0B3A78584DE13196FEF9E5D7" author="Pyrcz" box="[227,368,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" refString="Pyrcz, T. W. (1995) A new genus, Tamania, and a new species, Tamania jacquelinae, from the Tama range, Venezuela Colombia border, and some thoughts on the diagnosis of the tribe Pronophilini (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Lambillionea, 95, 519 - 525." type="journal article" year="1995">Pyrcz 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B6B0B3A78584C823196FD92E5D7" author="Viloria" box="[384,539,392,418]" pageId="5" pageNumber="39" refString="Viloria, A. L. (1998) Studies on the systematics and biogeography of some montane satyrid butterflies (Lepidoptera). Ph. D. Thesis (unpublished). King's College &amp; The Natural History Museum, London. 493 pp." type="book" year="1998">Viloria 1998</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584F313196FCBCE5D4" box="[563,821,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584F313196FCBCE5D4" box="[563,821,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Idioneurula donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has not been found in the main range of the East Andes, suggesting that it may be endemic to Serranía de los Yariguíes. The páramo habitats of the Yariguíes are isolated from others in the northern East Andes by a dry region of lower elevation in the valleys of the rivers Chicamocha and Suárez and by depressions associated with the ríos Horta and Opón. The isolation of the Yariguíes páramo systems possibly may have led to differentiation of high elevation taxa such as
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A7858480D3236FA1DE634" box="[1295,1428,552,577]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A7858480D3236FA1DE634" box="[1295,1428,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Several endemic undescribed bird taxa were also found in the Yariguíes páramo (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B6B0B3A7858494F324EFACBE61F" author="Donegan" box="[1101,1346,592,618]" pageId="5" pageNumber="38" refString="Donegan, T. M., Avendano, J. E., Briceno, E. R. &amp; Huertas, B. C. (2007) Bird range extensions with taxonomic and ecological notes from Serrania de los Yariguies, Colombia's new National Park. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 127 (3), 172 - 213." type="journal article" year="2007">
Donegan
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A785849C2324EFB7AE61C" box="[1216,1267,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2666120B3A78584D9536B8FAB5E376" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274000/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" targetBox="[204,1410,675,1669]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B3A78584D9536B8FAB5E376" blockId="5.[151,1436,1702,1795]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584D9536B8FE9CE2CB" bold="true" box="[151,277,1702,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584C2436B9FE2DE2CB" box="[294,420,1703,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584C2436B9FE2DE2CB" box="[294,420,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Idioneurula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584CDC36B9FDB3E2CB" box="[478,570,1703,1726]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tamania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584CDC36B9FDB3E2CB" box="[478,570,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Tamania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
adult male species.
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584E1C36B8FCB1E2CB" bold="true" box="[798,824,1702,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584E4336B9FC37E2CB" box="[833,958,1703,1726]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584E4336B9FC37E2CB" box="[833,958,1703,1726]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584ECA36B8FB8EE2CB" bold="true" box="[968,1031,1702,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57F30B3A78584ECA36B8FB8EE2CB" box="[968,1031,1702,1726]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
HT male, Serranía de los Yariguíes, Colombia.
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584C0E36D7FEADE294" bold="true" box="[268,292,1737,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584C2936D4FDA9E295" authority="Arcabuco" authorityName="Arcabuco" box="[299,544,1737,1761]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebioides">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584C2936D4FE26E294" box="[299,431,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">I. erebioides</emphasis>
Arcabuco
</taxonomicName>
, Boyacá, Colombia.
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584FFE36D7FC9CE294" bold="true" box="[764,789,1737,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584E1E36D4FC72E294" box="[796,1019,1738,1761]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tamania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="jacquelinae">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584E1E36D4FC72E294" box="[796,1019,1738,1761]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Tamania jacquelinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
PT, PNN El Tamá, Venezuelan side.
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A7858488036D7FA15E294" bold="true" box="[1410,1436,1737,1761]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584D9536F2FF74E376" box="[151,253,1772,1795]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eremita">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584D9536F2FF74E376" box="[151,253,1772,1795]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">I. eremita</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
PNN El Tamá, Colombian side. Dorsal and ventral views on the right and left handsides respectively.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B3A785B4DC43742FD51E637" blockId="5.[151,1436,1884,2030]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,578]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584DC43742FE4CE303" bold="true" box="[198,453,1884,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Habitat and ecology.</emphasis>
Yariguíes páramo is characterised by low vegetation with spiny plants (
<figureCitation id="13622A1F0B3A7858480A3742FAD1E303" box="[1288,1368,1884,1910]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[177,1403,501,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[156,1432,462,1947]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. Serranía de los Yariguíes páramo type locality. B. Habitat where Idioneurula donegani n. sp. was collected. C – D. I. donegani n. sp. resting during daylight. E – F. I. donegani n. sp. head and leg detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274002/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
A-B). We observed
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584C38379AFE47E3EB" box="[314,462,1924,1950]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Blechnaceae</taxonomicName>
ferns (
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584F24379AFCCAE3E8" box="[550,835,1924,1949]" class="Polypodiopsida" family="Blechnaceae" genus="Blechnum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Polypodiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="schomburgkii">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584F24379AFCCAE3E8" box="[550,835,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Blechnum schomburgkii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
),
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584E5F379AFB4BE3EB" authority="(Paepalanthus)" baseAuthorityName="Paepalanthus" box="[861,1218,1924,1950]" class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Eriocaulaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
Eriocaulaceae (
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A78584917379AFB3FE3E8" box="[1045,1206,1924,1949]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A785849D3379AFACFE3EB" box="[1233,1350,1924,1950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Ericaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Ericaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584856379AFF52E3B3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Clusiaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584DE937B2FE06E3B3" box="[235,399,1964,1990]" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Bromeliaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584C9D37B2FDE4E3B3" box="[415,621,1964,1990]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Melastomataceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Melastomataceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584F7F37B2FC86E3B3" box="[637,783,1964,1990]" class="Liliopsida" family="Orchidaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asparagales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Orchidaceae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A78584E5337B2FC58E3B3" box="[849,977,1964,1990]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
(e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A7858491E37B2FB00E3B0" box="[1052,1161,1964,1989]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Espeletia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A7858491E37B2FB00E3B0" box="[1052,1161,1964,1989]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Espeletia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) in this habitat. Other shrub species were present, with some isolated palms and dry shrubs of less than 1.5m height. Other
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3A785B483B37CAFF41E4C4" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3A785B483B37CAFF41E4C4" italics="true" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="32">Idioneurula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B4C013086FEE1E4C4" box="[259,360,152,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Tamania" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B4C013086FEE1E4C4" box="[259,360,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Tamania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species occur in marshy
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B4F963086FD59E4C7" box="[660,720,152,178]" class="Insecta" family="Arctiidae" genus="Areas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">areas</taxonomicName>
(bogs) and their host plants are grasses (e.g.
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B49EB3086FA1CE4C4" box="[1257,1429,152,177]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Calamagrostis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B49EB3086FA1CE4C4" box="[1257,1429,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Calamagrostis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B4D9530DEFF5BE4AC" box="[151,210,192,217]" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Stipa" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B4D9530DEFF5BE4AC" box="[151,210,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Stipa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) or sedges (
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B4C6D30DEFE72E4AF" box="[367,507,192,218]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B6B0B39785B4F1530DEFD2FE4AF" author="Pyrcz" box="[535,678,192,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" refString="Pyrcz, T. W. (1995) A new genus, Tamania, and a new species, Tamania jacquelinae, from the Tama range, Venezuela Colombia border, and some thoughts on the diagnosis of the tribe Pronophilini (Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Lambillionea, 95, 519 - 525." type="journal article" year="1995">Pyrcz 1995</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B6B0B39785B4FB530DEFC4FE4AF" author="Pyrcz" box="[695,966,192,218]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" refString="Pyrcz, T. W. &amp; Viloria, A. L. (2007) Erebiine and Pronophiline butterflies of the Serrania del Tama, Venezuela-Colombia border (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Tropical Lepidoptera, 15 (1 - 2), 18 - 52." type="journal article" year="2007">Pyrcz &amp; Viloria 2007</bibRefCitation>
), whilst
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B493030DEFB34E4AC" box="[1074,1213,192,217]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B493030DEFB34E4AC" box="[1074,1213,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was not found in marshy habitat. Few
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B4C9930F6FD95E577" box="[411,540,232,258]" class="Liliopsida" family="Gramineae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="family">Gramineae</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B4F5B30F6FD6BE577" box="[601,738,232,258]" class="Liliopsida" family="Cyperaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Cyperaceae</taxonomicName>
plants were however found in
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B495530F6FB56E574" box="[1111,1247,232,257]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B495530F6FB56E574" box="[1111,1247,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
’s habitat below and at the treeline. In this habitat, there is frequently direct sunlight from about 0800hrs to midday, and then in the afternoon strong winds, torrential downpours and violent thunderstorms occurred daily.
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B49CA3126FF42E50C" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B49CA3126FF42E50C" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Idioneurula donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was observed with greater frequency in Filo Pamplona, possibly due to the season of collection (end of rainy season).
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B4C483196FE5DE5D4" box="[330,468,392,417]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B4C483196FE5DE5D4" box="[330,468,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was frequently seen on ground-dwelling plants of
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B494F3196FE1EE5BF" authority="Mart." authorityName="Mart." class="Liliopsida" family="Eriocaulaceae" genus="Paepalanthus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Poales" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Platycaulon">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B494F3196FB67E5D4" box="[1101,1262,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Paepalanthus</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B48063196FA18E5D4" box="[1284,1425,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Platycaulon</emphasis>
) Mart. (Eriocaulaceae)
</taxonomicName>
and flying no more than 1.5 m above ground level. It is active when ground-level mist or cloud is present and less active during times of strong insolation. When resting, it holds its wings in an unusual manner (&lt;180°) (multiple observations). It rests during the afternoon and during rain was observed under the leaves of an ericaceous plant (
<figureCitation id="13622A1F0B39785B4F6F3236FD3BE637" box="[621,690,552,578]" captionStart="FIGURE 5. A" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1963,1987]" captionTargetBox="[177,1403,501,1929]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[156,1432,462,1947]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. A. Serranía de los Yariguíes páramo type locality. B. Habitat where Idioneurula donegani n. sp. was collected. C – D. I. donegani n. sp. resting during daylight. E – F. I. donegani n. sp. head and leg detail." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274002/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF2666120B39785B4D9534F7FD57E174" box="[151,734,1257,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B39785B4D9534F7FD57E174" blockId="6.[151,734,1257,1281]" box="[151,734,1257,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B4D9534F7FE90E174" bold="true" box="[151,281,1257,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Wing venation detail of
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B4F2034F4FD12E174" box="[546,667,1258,1281]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B4F2034F4FD12E174" box="[546,667,1258,1281]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57F30B39785B4FA034F7FD57E174" box="[674,734,1257,1281]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C34365110B3978554DC43548FB2DE5D7" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B39785B4DC43548FA14E264" blockId="6.[151,1437,1366,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B4DC43548FEDAE105" bold="true" box="[198,339,1366,1392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Etymology.</emphasis>
The name
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B4CD63549FDC8E105" box="[468,577,1367,1392]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B4CD63549FDC8E105" box="[468,577,1367,1392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is formed as the genitive singular of a fictional second declension masculine Latin noun. The epithet is dedicated to Thomas Michael Donegan, EBA project director and a pioneer of the expeditions to Serranía de los Yariguíes. Fieldworker and researcher in
<collectingCountry id="F34E760A0B39785B491D35B9FB1AE1B4" box="[1055,1171,1447,1473]" name="Colombia" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Colombia</collectingCountry>
for 10 years, Thomas has contributed to our knowledge of Colombian biodiversity through exploration, description of various new bird taxa and by supporting young Colombian researchers. Beloved husband and co-worker of the first author.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B39785B4DC43600FB1DE384" blockId="6.[151,1437,1366,2033]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B4DC43600FEFCE24D" bold="true" box="[198,373,1566,1592]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Conservation.</emphasis>
In addition to
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B39785B4F2B3601FCA3E24D" box="[553,810,1567,1592]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B4F2B3601FCA3E24D" box="[553,810,1567,1592]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">Idioneurula donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the Serranía de los Yariguíes harbours a number of undescribed and recently described taxa (e.g. Donegan &amp; Huertas 2006;
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B6B0B39785B4EEB3659FB53E214" author="Donegan" box="[1001,1242,1607,1633]" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" refString="Donegan, T. M., Avendano, J. E., Briceno, E. R. &amp; Huertas, B. C. (2007) Bird range extensions with taxonomic and ecological notes from Serrania de los Yariguies, Colombia's new National Park. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club, 127 (3), 172 - 213." type="journal article" year="2007">
Donegan
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B49583659FB04E215" box="[1114,1165,1607,1632]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
; Huertas &amp; Ríos MS). Despite topographical difficulties and complexity of access, human pressure for agriculture and livestock are mounting issues. During the EBA and YARÉ expeditions, deforestation, hunting and anti-personnel landmines were observed, complicating conservation efforts. Conservation of páramo habitats is clearly necessary for this species. In the YARÉ project, considerable conservation-oriented community work was carried out (see further in Huertas &amp; Donegan 2006). Deforestation and other threats could potentially be reduced through education programmes and encouraging treatment of páramos as water sources that should not be modified. Subsequent to the EBA and YARÉ projects’ fieldwork and other important local input, Serranía de los Yariguíes was declared a National Park (Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Desarrollo y Vivienda 2005), an Alliance for Zero Extinction site (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B6B0B39785B4F2437B1FC99E3BC" author="Ricketts" box="[550,784,1967,1993]" pageId="6" pageNumber="39" refString="Ricketts, T. H., Dinerstein, E., Boucher, T., Brooks, T. M., Butchart, S. H. B., Hoffmann, M., Lamoreux, J., Morrison, J., Parr, M., Pilgrim, J. D., Rodrigues, A. S. L., Sechrest, W., Wallace, G. E., Berlin, K., Bielby, J., Burgess, N. D., Church, D. R., Cox, N., Knox, D., Loucks, C., Luck, G. W., Master, L. L., Moore, R., Naidoo, R., Ridgely, R., Schatz, G. E., Shire, G., Strand, H., Wettengel, W. &amp; Wikramanayake, E. (2005) Pinpointing and preventing imminent extinctions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 51, 18497 - 18501." type="journal article" year="2005">
Ricketts
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B39785B4F9237B1FD4CE3BD" box="[656,709,1967,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="33">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
) and an Important Bird Area (AICA) (
<bibRefCitation id="EFC84B6B0B39785B49D837B1FF5EE384" author="Franco" pageId="6" pageNumber="38" refString="Franco, A. M. &amp; Bravo, G. (2005) Areas importantes para la conservacion de las aves en Colombia. pp. 117 - 281. In: Boyla, K. &amp; Estrada, A. (eds.). (2005). Areas importantes para la conservacion de las aves en los Andes tropicales. BirdLife Ecuador, 769 p." type="book chapter" year="2005">Franco &amp; Bravo 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Additionally, Fundación ProAves has established a nature reserve in the region.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF2666120B38785A4D953692FEB6E296" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/274001/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" targetBox="[256,1327,167,1626]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B38785A4D953692FEB6E296" blockId="7.[151,1436,1676,1764]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A4D953692FE9DE2D1" bold="true" box="[151,276,1676,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
. Figures
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A4C7F3692FE38E2D1" bold="true" box="[381,433,1676,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">A–D</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B38785A4CC03692FD22E2D6" box="[450,683,1676,1699]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A4CC03692FD22E2D6" box="[450,683,1676,1699]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Idioneurula donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A4FB73692FC86E2D1" bold="true" box="[693,783,1676,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A21E57F30B38785A4FB73692FD7AE2D1" box="[693,755,1676,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
A
</emphasis>
. Male genitalia
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A4EC63692FC55E2D1" bold="true" box="[964,988,1676,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">B.</emphasis>
Aedeagus
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A49553692FBFBE2D1" bold="true" box="[1111,1138,1676,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">C.</emphasis>
Aedeagus detail
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A48323692FAC3E2D1" bold="true" box="[1328,1354,1676,1700]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">D.</emphasis>
Valvae detail
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A4DDA36B2FF63E2B1" bold="true" box="[216,234,1708,1732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">E</emphasis>
. Female genitalia, sterigma detail
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A4F5A36B2FDE3E2B1" bold="true" box="[600,618,1708,1732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">F.</emphasis>
Signa detail. Figures
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A4E5636B2FC02E2B1" bold="true" box="[852,907,1708,1732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">G–H</emphasis>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B38785A4E9B36B2FB95E2B6" box="[921,1052,1708,1731]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erebioides">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A4E9B36B2FB95E2B6" box="[921,1052,1708,1731]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">I. erebioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A492136B2FBB1E2B1" bold="true" box="[1059,1080,1708,1732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">G.</emphasis>
Female genitalia, sterigma detail
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A4D9536D2FF3BE291" bold="true" box="[151,178,1740,1764]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">H.</emphasis>
Signa detail.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BE6369A0B3878554DC4372CFB2DE5D7" blockId="7.[151,1436,1842,2031]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,418]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="35" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">
A range and conservation assessment follows, based on the assumption that
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B38785A493F372CFB4BE33E" box="[1085,1218,1842,1867]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A493F372CFB4BE33E" box="[1085,1218,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is endemic to Serranía de los Yariguíes, considering the number of
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B38785A4FE63744FCE6E306" box="[740,879,1882,1907]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B38785A4FE63744FCE6E306" box="[740,879,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="34">Idioneurula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
specimens inspected from nearby regions. The Yariguíes mountains attain suitable elevations for this species (over
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B38785A4EBA379CFB82E3E9" box="[952,1035,1922,1948]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="3000.0">3000m</quantity>
) with undisturbed habitat for c.
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B38785A487E379CFF34E3B1" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
of their length and an average of c.
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B38785A4F6B37B4FD4EE3B1" box="[617,711,1962,1988]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="m" value="1000.0">1000 m</quantity>
laterally (IGAC 1995; IGAC 1999), producing an estimated area of suitable habitat of
<quantity id="4CA19B7F0B38785A4CD037CBFD97E39A" box="[466,542,2005,2031]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" unit="km" value="25.0">25 km</quantity>
2 for the new species. We have insufficient data to determine a population estimate for
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3778554C2A3086FE24E4C4" box="[296,429,152,177]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3778554C2A3086FE24E4C4" box="[296,429,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or population trends which are important for conservation assessments. However, the relative intactness and remoteness of habitats at high elevations in the Yariguíes suggests that the population is unlikely to be declining by&gt;30% over ten years (IUCN criterion A), nor that the habitat is &quot;severely fragmented&quot; (IUCN criterion B). The inaccessibility of the new species' habitat,
<taxonomicName id="4C594D190B3778554921310EFB21E55C" box="[1059,1192,272,297]" class="Insecta" family="Nymphalidae" genus="Idioneurula" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="donegani">
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3778554921310EFB21E55C" box="[1059,1192,272,297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">I. donegani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
's relative abundance where found and the protected status of the Serranía de los Yariguíes each give some hope for the species' long term conservation. However,
<emphasis id="B92DEA880B3778554CF8317EFD1BE50C" box="[506,658,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="35">I. donegani's</emphasis>
apparently very small range mean that it should be categorised as a threatened species (Vulnerable) under category D2 (known from less than 5 localities).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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