479 lines
68 KiB
XML
479 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="0024D015AD2ADBD697B525254F1EFB80" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3860.6.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="d2290723-b196-4029-90f8-7795dbd321a5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="229076" ID-ZooBank="8119C95F-0BBB-4960-B06E-72725F2ECC74" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460908073310" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Scherz, Mark D., Ruthensteiner, Bernhard, Vences, Miguel & Glaw, Frank" docDate="2014" docId="03951971361DFFF5FF5DBBC2FAEF2B0D" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03860p560.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3860 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Rhombophryne vaventy Scherz, Ruthensteiner, Vences & Glaw, 2014, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="557" masterDocId="FFAC6109361AFFFFFFCABE65FFD62F1D" masterDocTitle="A new microhylid frog, genus Rhombophryne, from northeastern Madagascar, and a re-description of R. serratopalpebrosa using micro-computed tomography" masterLastPageNumber="560" masterPageNumber="547" pageNumber="554" updateTime="1698360926743" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="EB988D1F7F92FDFDCE711CC4167D529F">A new microhylid frog, genus Rhombophryne, from northeastern Madagascar, and a re-description of R. serratopalpebrosa using micro-computed tomography</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="558BF4947E753B3FF6A817D6789B4D7E">Scherz, Mark D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4D9DD51B2C482BC0FC0A344169D884A3">Ruthensteiner, Bernhard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="609D11320DD5C216BE21E4B8FE5CBB76">Vences, Miguel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A1B3FDA2BA9D37F56F0572165D00B5FA">Glaw, Frank</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="0B5B47F0676406F2C9FD96F32877BBAA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="871BAB5F6EF99DA0C255F12234656A05">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="E55DFDD07DB66A419F144C38C57E335D">3860</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03951971361DFFF5FF5DBBC2FAEF2B0D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6138352" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119588276" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6138352" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03951971361DFFF5FF5DBBC2FAEF2B0D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03951971361DFFF5FF5DBBC2FAEF2B0D" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="557" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">
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<subSubSection id="C326FBEC361DFFF8FF5DBBC2FC9029BE" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B83A867361DFFF8FF5DBBC2FDCF2ADF" blockId="7.[151,537,1447,1507]" box="[151,537,1447,1474]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">
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<heading id="D0CB1F0B361DFFF8FF5DBBC2FDCF2ADF" bold="true" box="[151,537,1447,1474]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FF5DBBC2FDCF2ADF" bold="true" box="[151,537,1447,1474]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E4361DFFF8FF5DBBC2FE622ADC" ID-CoL="4SK64" box="[151,436,1447,1473]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vaventy" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FF5DBBC2FE622ADC" bold="true" box="[151,436,1447,1473]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">Rhombophryne vaventy</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A27BC90E361DFFF8FE76BBCDFDCF2ADF" box="[444,537,1448,1474]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83A867361DFFF8FF5DBBAFFEC72AFE" blockId="7.[151,537,1447,1507]" box="[151,273,1482,1507]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">
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(
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<figureCitation id="1307B4E2361DFFF8FF55BBAFFEDF2AFE" box="[159,265,1482,1507]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStartId-0="2.[151,249,1199,1221]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,249,1644,1666]" captionStartId-2="6.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox-0="[168,1422,206,1166]" captionTargetBox-1="[208,1364,357,1607]" captionTargetBox-2="[156,1435,189,1724]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1178]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[196,1390,337,1622]" captionTargetId-2="figure@6.[156,1441,189,1724]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Holotype ZSM 357 / 2005 (FGZC 2876) (a – b) and paratype UADBA uncatalogued (FGZC 2842) (c – d) of Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. in dorsolateral and ventral views. Inset in c depicts the superciliary spines of the paratype. Note the variance in length of these spines." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Comparative osteology of Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357 / 2005, left in all pairs), and Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size; see Supplementary Figure S 1 for manipulable model and scale. a: spinal columns in dorsal view (A = Atlas, T = Thoracic Vertebra, L = Lumbar Vertebra, S = Sacrum, U = Urostyle); b: ilia in dorsal view, with arrows indicating the third lumbar vertebrae and anterior-most end of the ilia; c: hands in ventral view, with arrows indicating the prepollex; d: head in ventral view, with arrows indicating the postchoanal prevomerine palate; e: columellae in dorsal view." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Comparative skull osteology of Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs) and Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357 / 2005, left in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size. a: lateral view; b: ventral view; c: dorsal view. Abbreviations: angspl = angulosplenial, col = columella, fpar = frontoparietal, max = maxillary, mmk = mentomeckelian bone, pmax = premaxilla, pro = prootic, prsph = parasphenoid, pter = pterygoid, pvom = prevomer, pvom / neopl = prevomer / neopalatine (either fused or replaced), qj = quadratojugal, spheth = sphenethmoid, spmax = septomaxilla, sq = squamosal." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/229077/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/229078/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/229079/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">Figs. 1–3</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83A867361DFFF8FF5DB877FDBE295A" blockId="7.[151,1326,1554,1699]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E4361DFFF8FF5DB877FE242935" box="[151,498,1554,1576]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FF5DB877FE242935" box="[151,498,1554,1576]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—Glaw & Vences 2007: pp. 118–119,
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<figureCitation id="1307B4E2361DFFF8FCB0B877FC632935" box="[890,949,1554,1576]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,189,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[156,1441,189,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparative skull osteology of Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs) and Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357 / 2005, left in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size. a: lateral view; b: ventral view; c: dorsal view. Abbreviations: angspl = angulosplenial, col = columella, fpar = frontoparietal, max = maxillary, mmk = mentomeckelian bone, pmax = premaxilla, pro = prootic, prsph = parasphenoid, pter = pterygoid, pvom = prevomer, pvom / neopl = prevomer / neopalatine (either fused or replaced), qj = quadratojugal, spheth = sphenethmoid, spmax = septomaxilla, sq = squamosal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229079/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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a. (depicts the
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<typeStatus id="548716C5361DFFF8FB82B876FB742935" box="[1096,1186,1555,1576]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
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, FGZC 2842)
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E4361DFFF8FF5DB854FEE4295A" box="[151,306,1585,1607]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FF5DB854FEE4295A" box="[151,306,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">Rhombophryne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 4—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFADD596361DFFF8FE4AB854FDBE295A" author="Wollenberg" box="[384,616,1585,1607]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" refString="Wollenberg, K. C., Vieites, D. R., van der Meijden, A., Glaw, F., Cannatella, D. C. & Vences, M. (2008) Patterns of endemism and species richness in Malagasy cophyline frogs support a key role of mountainous areas for speciation. Evolution, 62, 1890 - 1907." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Wollenberg
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FE36B857FDE6295A" box="[508,560,1585,1607]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">et al.</emphasis>
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2008
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</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83A867361DFFF8FF5DB835FD32297B" blockId="7.[151,1326,1554,1699]" box="[151,740,1616,1638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E4361DFFF8FF5DB835FEE4297B" box="[151,306,1616,1638]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FF5DB835FEE4297B" box="[151,306,1616,1638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">Rhombophryne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 6—
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<bibRefCitation id="EFADD596361DFFF8FE4AB835FDEA297B" author="Vieites" box="[384,572,1616,1638]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" refString="Vieites, D. R., Wollenberg, K. C., Andreone, F., Kohler, J., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 106, 8267 - 8272. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0810821106" type="journal article" year="2009">
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Vieites
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FE07B834FDD7297B" box="[461,513,1616,1638]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">et al.</emphasis>
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2009
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
: Suppl. Material
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83A867361DFFF8FF5DB80BFCC92999" blockId="7.[151,1326,1554,1699]" box="[151,799,1646,1669]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E4361DFFF8FF5DB80BFEE42999" box="[151,306,1646,1668]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FF5DB80BFEE42999" box="[151,306,1646,1668]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">Rhombophryne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp.
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E4361DFFF8FE91B80BFDEB2999" box="[347,573,1646,1668]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
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aff.
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FE49B80BFDEB2999" box="[387,573,1646,1668]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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—D’Cruze
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FD7EB815FD312999" box="[692,743,1646,1669]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">et al.</emphasis>
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2010
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83A867361DFFF8FF5DB8E8FC9029BE" blockId="7.[151,1326,1554,1699]" box="[151,838,1677,1699]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">
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<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E4361DFFF8FF5DB8E8FEE429BE" box="[151,306,1677,1699]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FF5DB8E8FEE429BE" box="[151,306,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">Rhombophryne</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. Ca6 Marojejy—Perl
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FDE5B8EBFDB429BE" box="[559,610,1677,1699]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">et al.</emphasis>
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2014: Suppl. Material
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C326FBEC361DFFF8FF5DB8AAFEC128DD" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B83A867361DFFF8FF5DB8AAFE60282D" blockId="7.[151,1437,1743,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FF5DB8AAFED229F5" bold="true" box="[151,260,1743,1768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">
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<typeStatus id="548716C5361DFFF8FF5DB8AAFED229F5" box="[151,260,1743,1768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
<collectionCode id="ED2D30A2361DFFF8FED9B8B5FE9B29F5" box="[275,333,1744,1768]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">ZSM</collectionCode>
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357/2005 (
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<collectionCode id="ED2D30A2361DFFF8FE05B8B5FDCF29F5" box="[463,537,1744,1768]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">FGZC</collectionCode>
|
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2876), adult male, collected by F. Glaw, M. Vences, R.D. Randrianiaina on
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<date id="FF828EA7361DFFF8FA4AB8B5FEEA2810" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" value="2005-02-17">17 February 2005</date>
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at Marojejy National Park, “Camp Simpona”,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE08CEA0361DFFF8FC9AB891FC0D2810" box="[848,987,1780,1805]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" precision="1" value="-14.43665">14°26.199'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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,
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<quantity id="4CC40582361DFFF8FB4BB891FB012811" box="[1153,1239,1780,1805]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.326" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" unit="m" value="1326.0">1326 m</quantity>
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above sea level), northeastern
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<collectingCountry id="F32BE8F7361DFFF8FEE2B972FE67282D" box="[296,433,1815,1840]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
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.
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B83A867361DFFF8FF0DB959FEC128DD" blockId="7.[151,1437,1743,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">
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<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FF0DB959FEE22848" bold="true" box="[199,308,1852,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">
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<typeStatus id="548716C5361DFFF8FF0DB959FEE22848" box="[199,308,1852,1877]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED2D30A2361DFFF8FE8DB959FE7D2849" box="[327,427,1852,1876]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/q3sh-smdb" name="University dAntananarivo, Department de Biologie Animale" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">UADBA</collectionCode>
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uncatalogued (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED2D30A2361DFFF8FDAAB959FD7C2849" box="[608,682,1852,1876]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">FGZC</collectionCode>
|
||
2842), probably adult, sex unknown, collected by F. Glaw, M. Vences, R.D. Randrianiaina on
|
||
<date id="FF828EA7361DFFF8FDC1B93AFD0A2865" box="[523,732,1887,1912]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" value="2005-02-16">16 February 2005</date>
|
||
at Marojejy National Park, “Camp Simpona”,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE08CEA0361DFFF8FAC7B93AFA412865" box="[1293,1431,1887,1912]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" precision="1" value="-14.43665">14°26.199'S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE08CEA0361DFFF8FF5DB9E1FEF22880" box="[151,292,1924,1949]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" precision="1" value="49.74335">49°44.601'E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CC40582361DFFF8FEFFB9E1FE462881" box="[309,400,1924,1949]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.326" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" unit="m" value="1326.0">1326 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level), northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32BE8F7361DFFF8FCC2B9E1FC442880" box="[776,914,1924,1949]" name="Madagascar" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
. GenBank Accessions Numbers:
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946F3584361DFFF8FAD4B9E1FA4E2880" box="[1310,1432,1924,1949]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/KF611595" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">KF611595</accessionNumber>
|
||
,
|
||
<accessionNumber id="946F3584361DFFF8FF5DB9CDFEC528DD" box="[151,275,1960,1984]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/EU341107" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">EU341107</accessionNumber>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C326FBEC361DFFF6FF0DB9A9FDA22E79" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="556" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A867361DFFF7FF0DB9A9FF362D21" blockId="7.[151,1437,1743,2021]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="555" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FF0DB9A9FEEC28F8" bold="true" box="[199,314,1996,2021]" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. A microhylid frog assigned to the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E4361DFFF8FCF4B9A9FC3F28F9" box="[830,1001,1996,2020]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="554" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9487475361DFFF8FCF4B9A9FC3F28F9" box="[830,1001,1996,2020]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="554">Rhombophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
on the basis of molecular data (see discussion below). Currently there are no morphological characters to distinguish between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FB77BEFDFABE2FAD" box="[1213,1384,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FB77BEFDFABE2FAD" box="[1213,1384,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">Rhombophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FF5DBED9FE862FC9" box="[151,336,188,212]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FF5DBED9FE862FC9" box="[151,336,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">Plethodontohyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFADD5963612FFF7FEAABED9FD8F2FC8" author="Andreone" box="[352,601,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" refString="Andreone, F., Vences, M., Vieites, D. R., Glaw, F. & Meyer, A. (2005) Recurrent ecological adaptations revealed through a molecular analysis of the secretive cophyline frogs of Madagascar. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 34, 315 - 322. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2004.10.013" type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Andreone
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FE10BED8FDC32FC9" box="[474,533,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFADD5963612FFF7FDADBED9FCA62FC9" author="Wollenberg" box="[615,880,188,213]" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" refString="Wollenberg, K. C., Vieites, D. R., van der Meijden, A., Glaw, F., Cannatella, D. C. & Vences, M. (2008) Patterns of endemism and species richness in Malagasy cophyline frogs support a key role of mountainous areas for speciation. Evolution, 62, 1890 - 1907." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Wollenberg
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FD3BBED8FCFA2FC9" box="[753,812,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2008
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Glaw
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FC0EBED8FC292FC9" box="[964,1023,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010). This species differs from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FF1DBE85FE542FE5" box="[215,386,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FF1DBE85FE542FE5" box="[215,386,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">Rhombophryne</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species and from all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FDBBBE85FCFC2FE5" box="[625,810,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FDBBBE85FCFC2FE5" box="[625,810,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">Plethodontohyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species by the combination of the following characters: large size, rough and tubercular dorsal skin, smooth ventral skin, fingers and toes without enlarged terminal discs, tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond snout tip, second finger shorter than fourth, fifth toe shorter than third toe, a series of four soft superciliary spines, anterior-most two being most distinct, absence of dorsolateral folds, dark colouration beneath chin fading to lighter posteriorly, dorsal brown colouration with distinct black spots arranged almost symmetrically, a series of faint but distinct crossbands on the legs, stepped columellar footplates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1307B4E23612FFF7FAF6BFF1FA562EB1" box="[1340,1408,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1644,1666]" captionTargetBox="[208,1364,357,1607]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1390,337,1622]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Comparative osteology of Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357 / 2005, left in all pairs), and Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size; see Supplementary Figure S 1 for manipulable model and scale. a: spinal columns in dorsal view (A = Atlas, T = Thoracic Vertebra, L = Lumbar Vertebra, S = Sacrum, U = Urostyle); b: ilia in dorsal view, with arrows indicating the third lumbar vertebrae and anterior-most end of the ilia; c: hands in ventral view, with arrows indicating the prepollex; d: head in ventral view, with arrows indicating the postchoanal prevomerine palate; e: columellae in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229078/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
e), curved prevomers and vomerine teeth (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1307B4E23612FFF7FD86BFD2FD592ECD" box="[588,655,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1644,1666]" captionTargetBox="[208,1364,357,1607]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1390,337,1622]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Comparative osteology of Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357 / 2005, left in all pairs), and Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size; see Supplementary Figure S 1 for manipulable model and scale. a: spinal columns in dorsal view (A = Atlas, T = Thoracic Vertebra, L = Lumbar Vertebra, S = Sacrum, U = Urostyle); b: ilia in dorsal view, with arrows indicating the third lumbar vertebrae and anterior-most end of the ilia; c: hands in ventral view, with arrows indicating the prepollex; d: head in ventral view, with arrows indicating the postchoanal prevomerine palate; e: columellae in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229078/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
d), and nasals with a posterior but no anterior lateral process (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1307B4E23612FFF7FAF7BFD2FA562ECD" box="[1341,1408,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,189,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[156,1441,189,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparative skull osteology of Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs) and Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357 / 2005, left in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size. a: lateral view; b: ventral view; c: dorsal view. Abbreviations: angspl = angulosplenial, col = columella, fpar = frontoparietal, max = maxillary, mmk = mentomeckelian bone, pmax = premaxilla, pro = prootic, prsph = parasphenoid, pter = pterygoid, pvom = prevomer, pvom / neopl = prevomer / neopalatine (either fused or replaced), qj = quadratojugal, spheth = sphenethmoid, spmax = septomaxilla, sq = squamosal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229079/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
c). It differs from all other sequenced
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32BE8F73612FFF7FDECBFB9FD452EE8" box="[550,659,476,501]" name="Madagascar" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
microhylid frogs by a pairwise genetic divergence in its 16S rDNA sequence of ≥6.6%, being most closely related to
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FD2FBC64FD2B2D05" box="[741,765,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R.</emphasis>
|
||
sp. ‘Ambolokopatrika’ as discussed above (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFADD5963612FFF7FACFBF9AFF022D21" author="Vieites" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" refString="Vieites, D. R., Wollenberg, K. C., Andreone, F., Kohler, J., Glaw, F. & Vences, M. (2009) Vast underestimation of Madagascar's biodiversity evidenced by an integrative amphibian inventory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 106, 8267 - 8272. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0810821106" type="journal article" year="2009">
|
||
Vieites
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FAAABC64FA4A2D05" box="[1376,1436,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2009
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673612FFF7FF0DBC22FC092A2D" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">
|
||
Additionally,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FEAEBC2CFE0D2D7D" box="[356,475,585,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vaventy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FEAEBC2CFE0D2D7D" box="[356,475,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R. vaventy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished from its congeners by the following characteristics: from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FA4EBC2CFEFF2D99" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mangabensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FA4EBC2CFEFF2D99" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R. mangabensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FE2CBC09FDEC2D99" box="[486,570,620,645]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FDA5BC09FD262D99" box="[623,752,620,644]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.4" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="20.0">20–24 mm</quantity>
|
||
), tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the snout tip (vs. reaching the tympanum), and the presence of four superciliary spines (vs. absence); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FB4FBCF4FAD72DB5" box="[1157,1281,656,680]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FB4FBCF4FAD72DB5" box="[1157,1281,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R. alluaudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the snout tip (vs. reaching the tympanum), and the presence of four superciliary spines (vs. absence); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FE4ABCBCFE252DED" box="[384,499,728,752]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="testudo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FE4ABCBCFE252DED" box="[384,499,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R. testudo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FD64BCB2FCD72DF2" box="[686,769,727,752]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FCFCBCB2FC602DED" box="[822,950,727,752]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="39.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="33.0">33–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
), absence of barbels on the lower lip (vs. presence), tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the snout tip (vs. reaching the tympanum), and the presence of four superciliary spines (vs. absence); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FD46BD44FCCA2C25" box="[652,796,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coudreaui">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FD46BD44FCCA2C25" box="[652,796,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R. coudreaui</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FC1ABD7AFBF72C2A" box="[976,1057,799,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FB98BD45FB702C25" box="[1106,1190,800,824]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
|
||
), absence of webbing between digits (vs. traces of webbing), tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the snout tip (vs. reaching the tympanum), and the presence of four superciliary spines (vs. absence); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FC34BD0CFB182C9D" box="[1022,1230,872,896]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentherpetersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FC34BD0CFB182C9D" box="[1022,1230,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R. guentherpetersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FAB5BD02FF152CB9" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FF3FBDE9FEA22CB9" box="[245,372,908,933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="33.5" valueMax="35.0" valueMin="32.0">32–35 mm</quantity>
|
||
), absence of porous glandular formation in the latero-dorsal region (vs. presence), tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the snout tip (vs. reaching the eye), and the presence of four superciliary spines (vs. absence); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FE8FBDB0FE162CF1" box="[325,448,980,1004]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laevipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FE8FBDB0FE162CF1" box="[325,448,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R. laevipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FDA7BDB1FD6B2CF1" box="[621,701,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FD21BDB1FCBE2CF1" box="[747,872,980,1005]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.6" metricValueMax="4.7" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="46.0" valueMax="47.0" valueMin="45.0">45–47 mm</quantity>
|
||
), granular and tubercular dorsal skin (vs. smooth), tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the snout tip (vs. reaching the eye or nostril), and the presence of four superciliary spines (vs. absence); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FD96BA78FD1A2B29" box="[604,716,1053,1076]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="minuta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FD96BA78FD1A2B29" box="[604,716,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R. minuta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FC4FBA79FC0F2B29" box="[901,985,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FBC6BA79FB5B2B29" box="[1036,1165,1052,1077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="19.0" valueMax="22.0" valueMin="16.0">16–22 mm</quantity>
|
||
), tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the snout tip (vs. reaching the eye), and the presence of four superciliary spines (vs. absence); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FF1EBA00FE922B61" box="[212,324,1125,1148]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="matavy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FF1EBA00FE922B61" box="[212,324,1125,1148]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R. matavy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FE25BA01FDE92B61" box="[495,575,1124,1149]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FDA6BA01FD3E2B61" box="[620,744,1124,1148]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.4" metricValueMax="4.9" metricValueMin="3.9" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="44.0" valueMax="49.0" valueMin="39.0">39–49 mm</quantity>
|
||
), tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the snout tip (vs. not reaching the insertion of the arms), and the presence of four superciliary spines (vs. absence); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FB3FBAECFAAE2BBD" box="[1269,1400,1161,1184]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="coronata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FB3FBAECFAAE2BBD" box="[1269,1400,1161,1184]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R. coronata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by much larger size (male SVL
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FE26BAC9FDE92BD9" box="[492,575,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FDBEBAC9FD232BD9" box="[628,757,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="2.3" metricValueMin="2.1" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="22.0" valueMax="23.0" valueMin="21.0">21–23 mm</quantity>
|
||
), coarsely granular and tubercular dorsal skin (vs. slightly granular), presence of a distinct supratympanic fold (vs. indistinct supratympanic fold), smaller relative tympanum diameter (TDH/ED 41% vs. 51%), tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the snout tip (vs. reaching the tympanum), and longer relative tibia length (TIBL/SVL 56% vs. 39–41%).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673612FFF7FF0DBB59FBD42835" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FF0DBB59FE062A49" box="[199,464,1340,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vaventy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FF0DBB59FE062A49" box="[199,464,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">Rhombophryne vaventy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FCDEBB58FBD52A49" box="[788,1027,1340,1364]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FCDEBB58FBD52A49" box="[788,1027,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R. serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FB7DBB59FADF2A49" box="[1207,1289,1340,1365]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FAF1BB59FA462A49" box="[1339,1424,1340,1364]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="28.0">28 mm</quantity>
|
||
), distinct supratympanic fold not extending beyond the anterior edge of the tympanum (vs. strong, almost straight supratympanic fold extending to the supraocular region), presence of almost symmetrical dark dorsal spots (vs. absence), and much smaller relative tympanum size (TDH/ED 41% vs. 78%). Furthermore, the following osteological differences were noticed (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1307B4E23612FFF7FD91BBA9FD7B2AF9" box="[603,685,1484,1509]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1644,1666]" captionTargetBox="[208,1364,357,1607]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1390,337,1622]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Comparative osteology of Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357 / 2005, left in all pairs), and Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size; see Supplementary Figure S 1 for manipulable model and scale. a: spinal columns in dorsal view (A = Atlas, T = Thoracic Vertebra, L = Lumbar Vertebra, S = Sacrum, U = Urostyle); b: ilia in dorsal view, with arrows indicating the third lumbar vertebrae and anterior-most end of the ilia; c: hands in ventral view, with arrows indicating the prepollex; d: head in ventral view, with arrows indicating the postchoanal prevomerine palate; e: columellae in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229078/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<figureCitation id="1307B4E23612FFF7FD24BBA9FD282AF9" box="[750,766,1484,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,189,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[156,1441,189,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparative skull osteology of Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs) and Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357 / 2005, left in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size. a: lateral view; b: ventral view; c: dorsal view. Abbreviations: angspl = angulosplenial, col = columella, fpar = frontoparietal, max = maxillary, mmk = mentomeckelian bone, pmax = premaxilla, pro = prootic, prsph = parasphenoid, pter = pterygoid, pvom = prevomer, pvom / neopl = prevomer / neopalatine (either fused or replaced), qj = quadratojugal, spheth = sphenethmoid, spmax = septomaxilla, sq = squamosal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229079/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">3</figureCitation>
|
||
): shape of the columellar footplate (stepped vs. domed), relative length of the prepollex (61% vs. 28% of first metacarpal), relative extension of the ilium (reaching the eighth presacral vertebra vs. reaching the seventh presacral vertebra), lateral processes of the nasal bone (just posterior vs. anterior and posterior), postchoanal prevomerine palate (curved vs. straight), the size order of the breadths of the vertebrae, measured from the tips of the transverse processes (L3 <L2 <L4 <L1 <T1 <S <T3 <T2 vs. L2 <L3 <L1 <L4 <T3 <T1 <S <T2; S = Sacrum), shape of the posterior vertebral articulations (slender vs. rounded), ossification of the sternum (present vs. absent), and the angle of the medial process of the pterygoid. However, due to the extremely low number of specimens available (one male of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FBFAB8ACFB7329FD" box="[1072,1189,1737,1760]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vaventy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FBFAB8ACFB7329FD" box="[1072,1189,1737,1760]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R. vaventy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and one female of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FA4EB8ACFEB32819" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="serratopalpebrosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FA4EB8ACFEB32819" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">R. serratopalpebrosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), we cannot exclude that some of these apparently diagnostic features are due to sexual dimorphism, individual variation, or differences in resolution of the CT scans.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673612FFF6FF0DB951FDA22E79" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="556" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FF0DB951FE012851" box="[199,471,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vaventy">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FF0DB951FE012851" box="[199,471,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">Rhombophryne vaventy</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be distinguished from all species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FC27B951FB702851" box="[1005,1190,1844,1868]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FC27B951FB702851" box="[1005,1190,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">Plethodontohyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the presence of superciliary spines (vs. absence), and from all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FD65B93DFCBE286D" box="[687,872,1880,1904]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FD65B93DFCBE286D" box="[687,872,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">Plethodontohyla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FC09B93CFBEB286D" box="[963,1085,1880,1904]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">P. t uberata</emphasis>
|
||
by its roughly tubercular skin (vs. smooth to granular skin). Additionally, it may be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FC16B918FBB12889" box="[988,1127,1917,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="notosticta">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FC16B918FBB12889" box="[988,1127,1917,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">P. notosticta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FBBDB918FB292889" box="[1143,1279,1916,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="guentheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FBBDB918FB292889" box="[1143,1279,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">P. guentheri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FAC5B918FA422889" box="[1295,1428,1916,1940]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mihanika">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FAC5B918FA422889" box="[1295,1428,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">P. mihanika</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43612FFF7FF02B9C4FE8328A5" box="[200,341,1952,1976]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inguinalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FF02B9C4FE8328A5" box="[200,341,1952,1976]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">P. inguinalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the lack of enlarged terminal discs on its digits (vs. presence) and the lack of a sharp border between the dorsal and lateral colouration (vs. presence); from
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753612FFF7FCAEB9A0FC0B28C1" box="[868,989,1988,2012]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="555">P. t ub e r a t a</emphasis>
|
||
by larger size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FB5BB9A1FB3428C1" box="[1169,1250,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823612FFF7FAD8B9A1FA4628C1" box="[1298,1424,1988,2013]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="555" unit="mm" value="40.0" valueMax="45.0" valueMin="35.0">35–45 mm</quantity>
|
||
), tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the snout tip (vs. the insertion of the arms); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43613FFF6FB49BEFCFB2F2FAD" box="[1155,1273,152,176]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="556" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ocellata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753613FFF6FB49BEFCFB2F2FAD" box="[1155,1273,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">P. ocellata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by absence of large black spots bordered with white in the inguinal region (vs. presence), and tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the snout tip (vs. reaching the tympanum); from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43613FFF6FCD0BE84FC792FE5" box="[794,943,224,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="556" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bipunctata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753613FFF6FCD0BE84FC792FE5" box="[794,943,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">P. bipunctata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823613FFF6FBAABEBAFB672FEA" box="[1120,1201,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823613FFF6FB2BBEBAFA892FE5" box="[1249,1375,223,248]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="9" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="28.5" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="25.0">25–32 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the snout tip (vs. reaching the insertion of the arm, the tympanum, or the eye); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43613FFF6FE88BF4CFE6D2E5D" box="[322,443,296,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Plethodontohyla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="556" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brevipes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753613FFF6FE88BF4CFE6D2E5D" box="[322,443,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">P. brevipes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by larger size (
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823613FFF6FDADBF42FD612E22" box="[615,695,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" pageId="9" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="53.0">53 mm</quantity>
|
||
vs.
|
||
<quantity id="4CC405823613FFF6FD2EBF42FCE12E5D" box="[740,823,295,320]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="9" pageNumber="556" unit="mm" value="36.0">36 mm</quantity>
|
||
), and tibiotarsal articulation reaching beyond the snout tip (vs. reaching the insertion of the arms).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C326FBEC3613FFF5FF0DBF0AFE0C2DD0" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="557" pageId="9" pageNumber="556" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673613FFF6FF0DBF0AFD952ECD" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753613FFF6FF0DBF0AFDDE2E95" bold="true" box="[199,520,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548716C53613FFF6FE6BBF0AFDDE2E95" box="[417,520,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="556" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
. Specimen in a very good state of preservation. A piece of muscle was taken from the right thigh as a tissue sample for genetic analyses. An incision was made in the right flank to check the sex and examine the contents of the intestines.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673613FFF6FF0DBFB9FB3C2DD0" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">Body robust. Head wider than long. Pupil very small and roundish. Snout rounded in dorsal and lateral view. Canthus rostralis slightly concave. Loreal region slightly concave. Nostrils closer to tip of snout than to eyes; directed laterally; not protuberant. Eye-nostril distance smaller than the internarial distance. Tympanum distinct, rounded, 41% of eye diameter. A series of four short but distinct soft dermal spines present above each eye, not equally spaced; anterior two most distinct, the third almost imperceptible. Distinct supratympanic fold, curved over and behind the tympanum, not extending anteriorly beyond the tympanum. Vomerine teeth present, curving posteriorly toward the medial line of the palate. Tongue broad and disc-like, without distinct lobes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673613FFF6FF0DBCBDFBDB2CB8" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">Arms stout. Fingers without webbing, relative lengths 1<2<4<3. Fourth finger distinctly longer than second. Finger tips distinct but not enlarged; nuptial pads absent; prepollex not externally visible; inner metacarpal tubercle present; outer metacarpal tubercle absent. Hindlimbs long and muscular; tibiotarsal articulation reaches slightly beyond the snout tip; tibial length 56% of SVL. Large inner metatarsal tubercle present, outer metatarsal tubercle absent; no webbing between toes; relative toe lengths 1<2<5<3<4. Dorsal skin very granular and tubercular, with shallow ridges above the shoulders; ventral skin smooth. No dorsolateral folds.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673613FFF6FF0DBDD4FE5D2B0D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753613FFF6FF0DBDD4FEA42CD5" box="[199,370,945,968]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">Measurements:</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548716C53613FFF6FE65BDCAFDC72CD5" box="[431,529,943,968]" pageId="9" pageNumber="556" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
measurements (in mm) are: SVL 52.9, HW 25.05, HL 13.5, ED 7.0,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32BE8F73613FFF6FAFABDD5FABF2CDA" box="[1328,1385,944,967]" name="India" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">END</collectingCountry>
|
||
4.0, NSD 3.3, NND 5.2, TDH 2.9, TDV 2.8, HAL 16.7, FORL 36.9, HIL 94.5, FOL 29.0, FOTL 42.8, TIBL 29.8, IMCL 3.0, IMTL 4.2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673613FFF6FF0DBA79FBBD2A81" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753613FFF6FF0DBA79FC6A2B29" box="[199,956,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">
|
||
Osteology of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548716C53613FFF6FE41BA79FE3D2B29" box="[395,491,1052,1076]" pageId="9" pageNumber="556" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1307B4E23613FFF6FE37BA79FD992B29" box="[509,591,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1644,1666]" captionTargetBox="[208,1364,357,1607]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1390,337,1622]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Comparative osteology of Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357 / 2005, left in all pairs), and Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size; see Supplementary Figure S 1 for manipulable model and scale. a: spinal columns in dorsal view (A = Atlas, T = Thoracic Vertebra, L = Lumbar Vertebra, S = Sacrum, U = Urostyle); b: ilia in dorsal view, with arrows indicating the third lumbar vertebrae and anterior-most end of the ilia; c: hands in ventral view, with arrows indicating the prepollex; d: head in ventral view, with arrows indicating the postchoanal prevomerine palate; e: columellae in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1307B4E23613FFF6FD97BA79FDBD2B29" box="[605,619,1052,1076]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1741,1763]" captionTargetBox="[156,1435,189,1724]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[156,1441,189,1724]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Comparative skull osteology of Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs) and Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357 / 2005, left in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size. a: lateral view; b: ventral view; c: dorsal view. Abbreviations: angspl = angulosplenial, col = columella, fpar = frontoparietal, max = maxillary, mmk = mentomeckelian bone, pmax = premaxilla, pro = prootic, prsph = parasphenoid, pter = pterygoid, pvom = prevomer, pvom / neopl = prevomer / neopalatine (either fused or replaced), qj = quadratojugal, spheth = sphenethmoid, spmax = septomaxilla, sq = squamosal." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229079/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">3</figureCitation>
|
||
and Supplementary Fig. S1):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Skull triangular in dorsal view. Prevomer divided, the postchoanal portion long, slightly posteriorly curved, nearly meeting medially, extending anteroventrolaterally from the sphenethmoid; overlapping, fused with, or replacing the palatine; possessing a serrated ventral ridge herein referred to as ‘vomerine teeth’. Teeth are present on the maxilla and premaxilla. Premaxilla without a distinct dorsal ramus visible in anterior view, rounded and without deeply separated rami in dorsal view. Septomaxilla U-shaped in dorsal view, consisting of an anterior plate with a small dorsal apophysis and two posterior-jutting rami, one on its ventromedial edge, and one on its ventrolateral edge; the ventrolateral ramus possessing a medial and a lateral apophysis, the medial apophysis extending ventromedially, toward, but not reaching, the medial ramus of the anterior plate. Squamosal broad, straight, and Y-shaped. Nasal broad and fairly rectangular, with a long process extending posterolaterally from the posterior end of its lateral edge. Columellar footplate with a stepped structure, reminiscent of a flush toilet in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1307B4E23613FFF6FBC6BBE1FB872A81" box="[1036,1105,1412,1437]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1644,1666]" captionTargetBox="[208,1364,357,1607]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1390,337,1622]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Comparative osteology of Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357 / 2005, left in all pairs), and Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size; see Supplementary Figure S 1 for manipulable model and scale. a: spinal columns in dorsal view (A = Atlas, T = Thoracic Vertebra, L = Lumbar Vertebra, S = Sacrum, U = Urostyle); b: ilia in dorsal view, with arrows indicating the third lumbar vertebrae and anterior-most end of the ilia; c: hands in ventral view, with arrows indicating the prepollex; d: head in ventral view, with arrows indicating the postchoanal prevomerine palate; e: columellae in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229078/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
e).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673613FFF6FF0DBBCCFCF02968" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">Humerus with one humeral crista (crista ventralis), beginning 17% from the proximal end of the humerus, and extending to 45% of the way along it. Caput humeri with a distinct postero-dorsal apophysis on its distal edge, arcing distally, and a ventral ridge in line with the humeral crista, but not as high (81% of crista ventralis height). Ulna and radius fused. Finger phalangeal formula 2,2,3,3. Terminal phalanges of all fingers with distal knobs. Prepollex present; 61% of first metacarpal. Clavicles slim and curved anteriorly, approximately in parallel to the anterior curve of the coracoid. Sternum ossified anteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673613FFF6FF0DB8E4FB91286D" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">Toe phalangeal formula: 2,2,3,4,3. Terminal phalanges of all toes with distal knobs. Ilia rather short, extending beyond the sacrum to the level of the transverse process of the eighth presacral vertebra; ilial shafts laterally compressed, not cylindrical; fused synostotically with the ischia and pubes, which are ossified. Ten vertebrae are present: atlas, three thoracic vertebrae (T), four lumbar vertebrae (L), the sacrum and the urostyle. Urostyle possessing a dorsal ridge extending two thirds of the way down its length, beginning at its anterior. Transverse process breadths relative to the breadth of the sacral processes are T1 (89.3%), T2 (118.5%), T3 (102.9%), L1 (80.1%), L2 (71.3%), L3 (70.3%), L4 (76.2%). Posterior articular processes slender.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673613FFF6FF0DB919FA4B28C0" blockId="9.[151,1437,151,2013]" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753613FFF6FF0DB919FDDB2889" box="[199,525,1916,1940]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="556">
|
||
Colouration of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548716C53613FFF6FE69B919FDD12889" box="[419,519,1916,1940]" pageId="9" pageNumber="556" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
After almost nine years in preservative, dorsum light brown, with strong black mottling in a nearly symmetrical pattern. Each shoulder has on it a pair of dark oblong markings separated by a light brown bar. Venter dark brown beneath the chin, fading posteriorly to cream mottled with light brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673610FFF5FF5DBEF2FC482E9A" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">Tympanic and supralabial regions are a lighter brown. A series of one distinct and two indistinct crossbands are present on the hindlimbs, which, in sitting position, line up across the thighs, shanks, and feet; two crossbands are present on the lower forelimbs. Feet dorsally strongly mottled white and brown. Hands dorsally white on the inner half, but brown as the rest of the dorsum on the outer. Toes of the left foot have light and dark crossbands, while the right foot is marbled light and dark; fingers of both hands banded, but less distinctly than toes; finger and toe tips light brown. No distinct border between dorsal and ventral colouration; white mottling extends up to the lateral regions. Tympanic region slightly lighter, with faint small dark spots.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673610FFF5FF0DBFF0FDDC2EE8" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">
|
||
In life (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1307B4E23610FFF5FEECBFF1FEBB2EB1" box="[294,365,404,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1199,1221]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,206,1166]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1178]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype ZSM 357 / 2005 (FGZC 2876) (a – b) and paratype UADBA uncatalogued (FGZC 2842) (c – d) of Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. in dorsolateral and ventral views. Inset in c depicts the superciliary spines of the paratype. Note the variance in length of these spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229077/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), dorsally similar in colouration though a darker brown, with blackish markings strongly distinguished from the background colouration. Dark oblong markings in shoulder region distinct. Iris goldencopper with black vermiculation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673610FFF5FF0DBF9AFE0C2DD0" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753610FFF5FF0DBF9AFEE82D05" bold="true" box="[199,318,511,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548716C53610FFF5FEB3BC65FE0F2D05" box="[377,473,512,536]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
was not available for this study. However, based on colour photographs of it (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1307B4E23610FFF5FA83BF9AFA5D2D05" box="[1353,1419,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,249,1199,1221]" captionTargetBox="[168,1422,206,1166]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1178]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype ZSM 357 / 2005 (FGZC 2876) (a – b) and paratype UADBA uncatalogued (FGZC 2842) (c – d) of Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. in dorsolateral and ventral views. Inset in c depicts the superciliary spines of the paratype. Note the variance in length of these spines." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229077/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), its four superciliary spines are more strongly pronounced than those of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548716C53610FFF5FC36BC41FBB72D20" box="[1020,1121,548,573]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, and it has a more strongly tuberculated dorsum. Its colouration is generally similar to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548716C53610FFF5FCA7BC22FC042D7D" box="[877,978,583,608]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, with the following notable differences: lighter overall colouration; less distinct black mottling of the dorsum; partially faint dark crossbands on the lower legs, and almost indistinct crossbands on the lower forelimbs; less distinct toe banding; ventrally lighter in colour, especially in the chin region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C326FBEC3610FFF5FF0DBCB2FAEF2B0D" pageId="10" pageNumber="557" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673610FFF5FF0DBCB2FD6C2C25" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753610FFF5FF0DBCB2FE982DED" bold="true" box="[199,334,727,752]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific epithet is the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F32BE8F73610FFF5FDB3BCB2FD302DED" box="[633,742,727,752]" name="Madagascar" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">Malagasy</collectingCountry>
|
||
word ‘vaventy’ which translates as ‘huge’ or ‘enormous’, and refers to the rather large size of the new species in comparison to its congeners (the only comparably sized species is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43610FFF5FF7ABD44FEFB2C25" box="[176,301,800,824]" class="Amphibia" family="Microhylidae" genus="Rhombophryne" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="557" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="alluaudi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753610FFF5FF7ABD44FEFB2C25" box="[176,301,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">R. alluaudi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). It is used as a noun in apposition.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B83A8673610FFF5FF0DBD21FAEF2B0D" blockId="10.[151,1437,151,1040]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753610FFF5FF0DBD21FE502C41" bold="true" box="[199,390,836,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="548716C53610FFF5FE09BD21FDF32C40" box="[451,549,836,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="548716C53610FFF5FD94BD20FD682C40" box="[606,702,837,861]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
were collected in the late afternoon close to dusk on the ground around a local campsite (Camp Simpona). The micro-CT scan revealed a millipede in the stomach of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548716C53610FFF5FAF9BD02FA4E2C9D" box="[1331,1432,871,896]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, which was identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3CD3E43610FFF5FE60BDE9FD9A2CB9" box="[426,588,908,932]" class="Diplopoda" family="Arthrosphaeridae" genus="Zoosphaerium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Sphaerotheriida" pageId="10" pageNumber="557" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B94874753610FFF5FE60BDE9FD9A2CB9" box="[426,588,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">Zoosphaerium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. by Thomas Wesener (pers. comm. 2013). It is recovered with a similar x-ray absorption to the bone of the frog (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1307B4E23610FFF5FD91BDCAFD482CD5" box="[603,670,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,249,1644,1666]" captionTargetBox="[208,1364,357,1607]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[196,1390,337,1622]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Comparative osteology of Rhombophryne vaventy sp. nov. (ZSM 357 / 2005, left in all pairs), and Rhombophryne serratopalpebrosa (MNHN 1975.24, right in all pairs), scaled to be equal in size; see Supplementary Figure S 1 for manipulable model and scale. a: spinal columns in dorsal view (A = Atlas, T = Thoracic Vertebra, L = Lumbar Vertebra, S = Sacrum, U = Urostyle); b: ilia in dorsal view, with arrows indicating the third lumbar vertebrae and anterior-most end of the ilia; c: hands in ventral view, with arrows indicating the prepollex; d: head in ventral view, with arrows indicating the postchoanal prevomerine palate; e: columellae in dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/229078/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="557">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
), probably due to the presence of both chitin and calcium deposits in its exoskeleton, which is typical for millipedes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFADD5963610FFF5FD7ABDB1FC912CF0" author="Blower" box="[688,839,980,1005]" pageId="10" pageNumber="557" refString="Blower, G. (1951) A comparative study of the chilopod and diplopod cuticle. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 92, 141 - 161." type="journal article" year="1951">Blower 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The large intestine contained the remains of at least six ants, a spider, a dipteran, and at least three species of beetle (as judged by the presence of their heads).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |