166 lines
19 KiB
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166 lines
19 KiB
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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="177622" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" ID-GBIF-Dataset="879a081e-5c23-41a3-b500-84ae793fb677" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2193-0074-1-99" ID-Pensoft-UUID="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" ID-ZooBank="7A16698D4F1848D29D9651A6E0CC15AC" ModsDocID="2193-0074-25-1-99" checkinTime="1667366289781" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vasilyan, Davit, Cernansky, Andrej, Szyndlar, Zbigniew & Moers, Thomas" docDate="2022" docId="FF69E9F7FD8C51E4A2EEB13293164477" docLanguage="en" docName="FossilRecord 25(1): 99-145" docOrigin="Fossil Record 25 (1)" docPubDate="2022-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781" docTitle="Smithosaurus Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs 2022" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" lastPageNumber="99" masterDocId="2F5D6AE2EEB55A17ACF1623B06B4EA8D" masterDocTitle="Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany" masterLastPageNumber="145" masterPageNumber="99" pageNumber="99" updateTime="1732674429517" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="ECC7E8252E1A4000FE6FEE58B1111D12">
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<mods:title id="3C622906DF3B212AD3BD74E90AB70E29">Amphibian and reptilian fauna from the early Miocene of Echzell, Germany</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="36F00248051E91A6DCDB426569D29897">Vasilyan, Davit</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2E17DD7809C55E0B132F5EB45F4A72EA">JURASSICA Museum, Route de Fontenais 21. 2900 Porrentruy, Switzerland & Department of Geosciences, University of Fribourg, Chemin du musee 6, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E6500B364AF3C0E9E80E2CCA723E5539" type="email">davit.vasilyan@jurassica.ch</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="79773C0ACEF3DD16115ED6063735786C">Cernansky, Andrej</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="04F52EB39F534ABCEA973C7BBEE0AF1C" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8920-2503</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="230333DEE143770F006872F56EAEF0C2">Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynska dolina, Ilkovicova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="5C3AF61CE6D89ACA1869F5EB504FF990">Szyndlar, Zbigniew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="651E03C1AE04AAEBAB7AC089507B8100">Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Slawkowska 17, 31 - 016 Krakow, Poland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="51842FCA9199AA9BDB9F8E3A064C6DE3">Moers, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6D622FD0E246FB319BD19EEA64CF0961" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2268-5824</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="6036A5C8C50E9F82E47FFB949DDC1405">Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, P. O. Box 50007, 104 05 Stockholm, Sweden & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="8648A402DD74B2F043F53D958605264E">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="A4C68CD1743D3388C4A47FD99F952057">Fossil Record</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F8E0A91D5C5151005AD6A2A6319DB774">
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<mods:date id="36602B4AE3DF357661A11C6796265D80">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4D184842CC8E610B62FBFDE999C18D48">2022-05-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="938472E9F26D07E73A973727AA0ACD14">25</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="BD67DE8D4E42A6350C219D1C60499A1A">99</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="CDF06AD62F1B648A7DE0E887C0A7C2BC">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="6CE5D9BA16373A41CAC2DD55105D07DF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/fr.25.83781</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FF69E9F7FD8C51E4A2EEB13293164477" ID-GBIF-Taxon="203870961" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF69E9F7FD8C51E4A2EEB13293164477" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF69E9F7FD8C51E4A2EEB13293164477" lastPageNumber="99" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" scope_order="Squamata" scope_subClass="Lissamphibia" scope_subOrder="Iguania">
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<subSubSection id="0EA1FE6E70AD5530DE471F2CA3896A31" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F3CC832B6DC5CA8FB24652840527DC60" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<taxonomicName id="54C61C0F1B023CB916AD57B433940B15" ID-CoL="622T2" ID-ENA="51964" LSID="FF69E9F7-FD8C-51E4-A2EE-B13293164477" authority="indet." authorityName="Vasilyan & Čerňanský & Szyndlar & Mörs" authorityYear="2022" family="Anguidae" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="family">Anguidae indet.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="481D66AC52AD369C9C4670682288CCEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B3792EEA7CD9FC075B795C736E2944A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<figureCitation id="887418AD725C6172143031049B5A1D27" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4AB40C8A38D35A90747DDDD63282F5D8" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="29262FEBBDC49F574FFF22FA07B903B0" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9158460D66BDFCBEB8A8E3392D308D49" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Four caudal vertebrae HLMD-Ez 1981-1984, 73 osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985-1987 (figured ones), HLMD-Ez 1988 (the remaining osteoderms).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="89F5A7820C0F84A3C681799F4FF34025" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C6A186B5B88CDC02A49070A8B0641C9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="76C8BAA9DA2C9A8F4B9F1D12410A06F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Caudal vertebra: The caudal vertebrae (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="444D14899C06496A5F1B8199883B6CD3" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">16A-E</figureCitation>
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) are elongate and narrow. Both pre- and postzygapophyses are small; thus, there is a typical tendency toward the elongation of the centra in caudal vertebrae and a relative reduction of all processes. The cotyle and condyle are dorsoventrally depressed. The neural canal is a tunnel-like structure here. The haemapophyses are fused to the posterior portion of the centrum, but, unfortunately, their ends are broken off. Only the bases of the anteroventrally oriented transverse processes (pleurapophyses) are preserved, being dorsoventrally slightly flattened. They are pierced by a foramen. The distal portions are, however, broken off. The neural spine is posterodorsally oriented, rather slim and pointed. The transverse autotomic split is present.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="4E3701D8A2DDA294E9B6A43B01013E65" doi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" start="Figure 16" startId="F16">
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<paragraph id="C79070100C44CBE4347380262F683FB3" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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<emphasis id="32B9E206B85A86379455C1AF743D2861" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Figure 16.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="2A8875037DE04D10FD4439F5CC44FF8A" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Anguidae</taxonomicName>
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indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (
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<emphasis id="F02FA32E620D9FE43D8D26278A08BDBD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">A</emphasis>
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) anterior, (
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<emphasis id="BE59A8159A2D1BC5EB370635E89015B1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">B</emphasis>
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) posterior, (
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<emphasis id="24A222EB188868196C36E0134720CF9D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">C</emphasis>
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) lateral, (
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<emphasis id="B8D5D0A5EE28F389C7BA706B438ED767" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">D</emphasis>
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) dorsal and (
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<emphasis id="81D87BD93A79F56584371D0081A7F41B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
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) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (
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<emphasis id="73FD872FE08FB1EBA783390F893AC0DD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
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), HLMD-Ez 1986 (
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<emphasis id="7D95182F59C7DBE2E6DE879684A5E407" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">E</emphasis>
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) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (
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<emphasis id="1C2C4949B3816D81F257A712E58C440B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">I</emphasis>
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) in (
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<emphasis id="6AEBFD4817BDD7DD034A39612BCD92E8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">F, H, I</emphasis>
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) external and (
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<emphasis id="5AFE499C9AD3555359D169F7C8EA0A5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">G</emphasis>
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) internal views.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4F0DF01B6A9180B52177EB92606C9C2A" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="A31B0C33E57210234989A60874042AEF" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C25BEAA592CEB7D739C213F2E06D99A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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The presence of an autotomic split indicates that we can exclude
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<taxonomicName id="76BA074E81A600C101FD630A20916067" class="Mammalia" family="Anguidae" genus="Pseudopus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pseudopus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="4CCDFE436F19C654F042BF436E4CA092" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Pseudopus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, in which only autotomic foramina are developed (see
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<bibRefCitation id="3C29473BB1212F2698F858795ABD60F6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23944" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="The Anatomical Record" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="232 - 257" refId="B30" refString="Cernansky, A, Yaryhin, O, Cicekova, J, Werneburg, I, Hain, M, Klembara, J, 2019. Vertebral Comparative Anatomy and Morphological Differences in Anguine Lizards With a Special Reference to Pseudopus apodus. The Anatomical Record 302: 232 - 257, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23944" title="Vertebral Comparative Anatomy and Morphological Differences in Anguine Lizards With a Special Reference to Pseudopus apodus." url="https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.23944" volume="302" year="2019">
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<normalizedToken id="D400191B1ABC2DC6ED0D25F27A4B12DC" originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
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et al. 2019
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</bibRefCitation>
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). In contrast, the autotomic split is present in both
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<taxonomicName id="9CA2D89BAF371819799EE2841976A7BA" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" class="Reptilia" family="Anguidae" genus="Anguis" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anguis" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="0B068A4F5BB2DBB4DBB9382DC9889413" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Anguis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="C67E57D8D17FCA58B6065C1DD2C5210D" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6835C1E2DCCC33589E8C3DDCD17B3AD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see
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<bibRefCitation id="3BEA5BC403D5518A0FCFEBEF8B0290A3" author="Hoffstetter, R" editor="Gans, C" journalOrPublisher="Academic Press, London, New York" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" pagination="201 - 310" refId="B63" refString="Hoffstetter, R, Gasc, JP, 1969. Vertebrae and rips of modern reptiles. In: Gans, C, Ed., Biology of the Reptilia Morphology A. Academic Press, London, New York: 201 - 310" title="Vertebrae and rips of modern reptiles." volumeTitle="Biology of the Reptilia Morphology A." year="1969">Hoffstetter and Gasc 1969</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C20E1D6795A60D36CF5ECB31582E2793" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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Osteoderm: A large number of osteoderms of several types are preserved in the material. The first type represents wide, rectangular osteoderms (e.g., HLMD-Ez 1985, Fig.
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<figureCitation id="9759A192A753D208E91B56F5B1AD2D9E" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">16G-F</figureCitation>
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). There is a low medial ridge running along their central regions. However, the ridge is almost indistinctive and restricted only to the sculptured region. The anterior overlap surface is large and occupies about one-third of the external surface. The lateral bevel is the highest close to the overlap surface. The posterior portion of the external surface is ornamented. The ornamentation is formed by several tubercles, pits, long grooves, and ridges diverging from the central region. Three foramina pierce the central part of the internal surface. The second type (and the most common, as represented by HLMD-Ez 1986, Fig.
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<figureCitation id="13D304696290F92C2A934346E3F3592C" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">16H</figureCitation>
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) includes slender osteoderms. In those, the medial ridge runs along the entire external surface, including both ornamented and anterior overlap surface. The third type (rare, HLMD-Ez 1987, Fig.
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<figureCitation id="DAD0AC7D34EC3686DEE5BE03633DD1DE" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="F16" captionText="Figure 16. Anguidae indet. from the Echzell locality. Caudal vertebra HLMD-Ez 1981 in (A) anterior, (B) posterior, (C) lateral, (D) dorsal and (E) ventral views. Osteoderms HLMD-Ez 1985 (G), HLMD-Ez 1986 (E) and HLMD-Ez 1987 (I) in (F, H, I) external and (G) internal views." figureDoi="10.3897/fr.25.83781.figure16" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/682236" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">16I</figureCitation>
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) is represented by a flat and wide osteoderm without a medial ridge.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="11CA15FC5B6E9537137D69C609671FFE" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">
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The differences might very likely represent individual variability and a different body topology from where osteoderms originated (e.g., ventral vs. dorsal armour; see, e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="661ADB746659CF22D73E02562DEDFD2F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1333515" author="Cernansky, A" journalOrPublisher="Folia zoologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" refId="B22" refString="Cernansky, A, Klembara, J, 2017. A skeleton of Ophisaurus (Squamata: Anguidae) from the middle Miocene of Germany, with a revision of the partly articulated postcranial material from Slovakia using micro-computed tomography. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37: e1333515. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1333515" title="A skeleton of Ophisaurus (Squamata: Anguidae) from the middle Miocene of Germany, with a revision of the partly articulated postcranial material from Slovakia using micro-computed tomography. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 37: e 1333515." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2017.1333515" year="2017">
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<normalizedToken id="DEB2B6EDEA74BF93CCABC5DFB5070E39" originalValue="Čerňanský">Cernansky</normalizedToken>
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and Klembara 2017
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</bibRefCitation>
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). Their determination to the alpha taxonomy level is currently impossible. Nevertheless, they resemble osteoderms of
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<taxonomicName id="EF3E78F5C05E637C40A1F5D1250522D1" family="Anguidae" genus="Ophisaurus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ophisaurus" order="Squamata" pageId="0" pageNumber="99" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="CFB885E30E981A38F140E4EBE57FD2AF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="99">Ophisaurus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but other taxa cannot be excluded.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |