351 lines
30 KiB
XML
351 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.2211" ID-GBIF-Dataset="63fcb618-7289-4247-b8be-bde67c898b3b" ID-PMC="PMC3253573" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-156-85" ID-PubMed="22303097" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-156-85" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 156" ModsDocTitle="Two remarkable new species of Penicillata (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) from Table Mountain National Park (Cape Town, South Africa)" checkinTime="1451249473338" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen, Uys, Charmaine & Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques" docDate="2011" docId="FF3ECFC16FF2EF205B8C4F79B896AE74" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 156: 85-103" docOrigin="ZooKeys 156" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.2211" docTitle="Propolyxenus squamatus Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, Uys & Geoffroy, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="FFBDFFAAD354D768A060FFABFFD8FFA4" masterDocTitle="Two remarkable new species of Penicillata (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) from Table Mountain National Park (Cape Town, South Africa)" masterLastPageNumber="103" masterPageNumber="85" pageNumber="86" updateTime="1668153030367" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Two remarkable new species of Penicillata (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) from Table Mountain National Park (Cape Town, South Africa)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Duy-Jacquemin, Monique Nguyen</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Uys, Charmaine</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Geoffroy, Jean-Jacques</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>156</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>85</mods:start>
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<mods:end>103</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.2211</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.156.2211</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-156-85</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152032723" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF3ECFC16FF2EF205B8C4F79B896AE74" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF3ECFC16FF2EF205B8C4F79B896AE74" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B4809CFA-3D81-413E-8F07-ADEEE3398883" authority="Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, Uys & Geoffroy" class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus squamatus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamatus">
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Propolyxenus squamatus Nguyen
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Duy–Jacquemin">Duy-Jacquemin</normalizedToken>
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, Uys & Geoffroy
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="86">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 1-5
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">South Africa, Cape Town, Table Mountain National Park. Cecilia, Rooikat, site 12, felled pine, altitude 300 m, 33°59'43S, 18°25'22E, 4/X/2008, holotype adult female (no. 4); Cecilia, Rooikat, site 9, Afrotemperate forest, altitude 400 m, 33°59'34S, 18°25'12E, 4/X/2008, paratype adult female (no. 3); other paratypes: Kirstenbosch, Afrotemperate forest, site 5, altitude 400 m, 33°58'55S, 18°25'25E, 12/IX/2008, subadult female (12 pl) (no. 2); Cecilia, Spilhaus, Afrotemperate forest, site 13, altitude 400 m, 33°59'43S, 18°25'05E, 18/X/2008, larva with 8 pl (no. 5), all collected from leaf litter by Charmaine Uys and mounted on slides (MNHN).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="other material examined (non–type)">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
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Other material examined (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="non–type">non-type</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
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Cecilia, Spilhaus, Fynbos, leaf litter, site 14,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-33.998055">33°59'53"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="18.414444">18°24'52"E</geoCoordinate>
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, altitude 520 m, 18/X/2008, subadult male (12 pl) (no. 6), used for SEM.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
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The specific name refers to the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–shaped">scale-shaped</normalizedToken>
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tergal trichomes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
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Differs from all other congeners by the position and structure of the tergal trichomes: these flat
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<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–shaped">scale-shaped</normalizedToken>
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trichomes cover the tergites and are different from the barbate trichomes of the lateral tufts, pleurites and head. They are observed for the first time in the family
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<taxonomicName family="Polyxenidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" rank="family">Polyxenidae</taxonomicName>
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. As in the family
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<taxonomicName family="Synxenidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" rank="family">Synxenidae</taxonomicName>
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, they lie close to the tergites and are all directed caudally, but differ from those of
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<taxonomicName family="Synxenidae" lsidName="" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" rank="family">Synxenidae</taxonomicName>
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in their shape and structure.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="1" pageNumber="86" type="description of two adult females">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">Description of two adult females.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
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Measurements. Body length (without caudal penicil): 2.50 mm (holotype). Tarsus II length of 13th leg: 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(holotype) and 105
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(paratype).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
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Head (Fig. 2C). 6 ocelli on each side of which 1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="antero–sternal">antero-sternal</normalizedToken>
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(Figs 2D, 3F). Vertex with 1 pair of posterior tufts of 27+27 (holotype) and 24+25 trichomes (paratype), consisting of 3 rows, middle row with 12-13 trichomes (Fig. 3F); the distance between each tuft is about half their length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
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Proportions of antennal articles as in Fig. 3A. Antennal article VI with 4 basiconic sensilla (Figs 2E, F, 3A): 2 anterior (a)shorter and thinner than the 2 posterior ones; the more posterior (p2)slightly thinner than the (p1)(Fig. 3B); 1 setiform sensillum (s) between anterior and posterior ones and 1 posterior coeloconic sensillum (c); antennal article VII with 3 basiconic sensilla, the anterior (a) slightly thinner than the others (Fig. 3C), 1 setifom sensillum (s) between the 2 posterior basiconic sensilla and 1 posterior coeloconic sensillum (c). The right antennal article VII of the holotype has 4 basiconic sensilla and 2 coeloconic sensilla, but this is recognizable as a regenerated antenna (as shown by
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<bibRefCitation author="Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M" journalOrPublisher="Comptes-Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences, Paris, Serie D" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="1323 - 1326" title="Regeneration antennaire chez les larves et les adultes de Polyxenus lagurus (Diplopode, Penicillate)." volume="274" year="1972">
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Nguyen
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Duy–Jacquemin">Duy-Jacquemin</normalizedToken>
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1972
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</bibRefCitation>
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) with 2 coeloconic sensilla on article VII and none on article VI (Fig. 3A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="87" pageId="1" pageNumber="86">
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3 trichobothria, arranged in a triangle, with the most internal (near posterior tufts of vertex) smaller than the 2 others (Figs 2C, D, 3F). Surface of labrum (Fig. 3G) with
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="87" start="start">numerous</pageBreakToken>
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small short cuspidate papillae; papillae of anterior 2 to 3 rows larger; 7+8 lamellate teeth on anterior margin (holotype: Fig. 3G), 8+8 (paratype);
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<normalizedToken originalValue="clypeo–labrum">clypeo-labrum</normalizedToken>
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with 9 setae along posterior margin (Fig. 3G). Outer palp of gnathochilarium with 11 or 12 sensilla; middle palp with 19 or 20 sensilla (Fig. 3H).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="2" pageNumber="87">
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Trunk (Fig. 2A): On each tergite (except collum, tergite X and telson) the trichomes are arranged in 3 rows and 2 lateral tufts (Figs 2B, 4A, B); each paired tuft
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="88" start="start">connected</pageBreakToken>
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by posterior and anterior rows of trichomes; middle row with more spaced trichomes (Fig. 4A). There are 2 types of trichomes. The flat trichomes, referred to as scales (sc) of the 3 rows are wider than barbate trichomes of lateral tufts (bt) and their shape and structure are different (Figs 2B, 4B, 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
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); they look like the scales of
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<taxonomicName family="Synxenidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" rank="family">Synxenidae</taxonomicName>
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by their position: all are directed caudally and cover the tergites I (with only a posterior row) to X (Figs 4A, B). Their structure is different from scales of
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<taxonomicName family="Synxenidae" lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" rank="family">Synxenidae</taxonomicName>
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(Figs 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–E">A-E</normalizedToken>
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). The trichomes of the lateral tufts are longer and arranged in a bunch (Figs 2B, 4A, B (bt), C). Lateral protuberance of tergite I with 3 barbate trichomes (Fig. 4A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
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Legs (Figs 4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="D–H">D-H</normalizedToken>
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): Naming of leg segments is after
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<bibRefCitation author="Brolemann, HW" journalOrPublisher="P. Lechevalier, Paris" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" title="Myriapodes diplopodes (Chilognathes I). Faune de France, 29." year="1935">Brolemann (1935)</bibRefCitation>
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. Coxae I with 1 seta and coxae II with 2 setae; all other coxae without seta. All trochanters and prefemora with 1 seta; these setae having an oval base furnished with acute process at apex (Fig. 4F). All tibias (except 13) have 1 small seta tapered apically as shown in Figs 4D, E; other articles without seta. Tarsus II spine (Fig. 4H) longer than telotarsus (Fig. 4G): length of spine to claw ratio about 1.80. Telotarsus bearing an anterior process (ap) with a spinous projection longer than claw, 2
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<normalizedToken originalValue="latero–anterior">latero-anterior</normalizedToken>
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and posterior spiniform processes (t), posterior larger than anterior; posterior lamellar process (plp) thickened and basally pleated (Fig. 4G).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
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Telson (Figs 1, 2A): typical of genera
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Propolyxenus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Polyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Polyxenus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Polyxenus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Typhloxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Typhloxenus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Typhloxenus</taxonomicName>
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(subfamily
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<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Polyxeninae">Polyxeninae</taxonomicName>
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). 21 (holotype) and 25 (paratype) dorsomedian barbate trichomes on caudal penicil. Hooked trichomes with 3 or 4 hooks.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
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Figure 1.
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus squamatus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamatus">Propolyxenus squamatus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. subadult male, habitus, dorsal view, body length: 2.50 mm. (Photograph by M. Judson).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
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Figure 2.
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus squamatus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamatus">Propolyxenus squamatus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. subadult male. A habitus, dorsal view B collum and tergites
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<normalizedToken originalValue="II–V">II-V</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="latero–dorsal">latero-dorsal</normalizedToken>
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view C right part of head with 2 trichobothria and antenna D ocelli and trichobothria E 4 last articles of right antenna F antennal sensilla on articles VI and VII, apical cones on article VIII. Scale bars: A 500
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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B 200
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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C 100
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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D 40
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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E 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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F 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
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Figure 3.
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus squamatus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamatus">Propolyxenus squamatus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A right antenna of holotype female B, C sensilla of right antennal articles VI and VII of female paratype (no. 3) D, E sensilla of articles VI and VII right antenna of larva with 8 pl (no. 5) F vertex of holotype female G labrum of holotype female, papillae only represented on right part H left palp of gnathochilarium female paratype (no. 3). Abbreviations: a anterior basiconic sensillum c coeloconic sensillum p, p1, p2 posterior basiconic sensillum s setiform sensillum. Scale bars: A, F 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; others, 25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
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Figure 4.
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus squamatus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamatus">Propolyxenus squamatus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A Collum and tergite II of holotype female B tergite X of holotype female C barbate trichome of the right lateral tuft of tergite VII of holotype female D left leg 12 of holotype female E, F details of tibial and prefemora setae of the left leg 12 G, H telotarsus and tarsal II spine of right leg 13 of female paratype (no. 3). Abbreviations: ap anterior process bt barbate trichomes plp posterior lamellate process sc scale t
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<normalizedToken originalValue="latero–anterior">latero-anterior</normalizedToken>
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and posterior teeth. Scale bars: C,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="E–H">E-H</normalizedToken>
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25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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; others, 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
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Figure 5.
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus squamatus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamatus">Propolyxenus squamatus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. A tergal scales B, C scale of tergite VII of paratype female. external and internal views respectively D scale of tergite VIII of
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Phryssonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phryssonotus capensis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="capensis">Phryssonotus capensis</taxonomicName>
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male with 12 pl from Mtuzini, Natal E scale of posterior row of tergite VIII of the holotype
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<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Synxenidae" genus="Condexenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Condexenus biramipalpus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="biramipalpus">Condexenus biramipalpus</taxonomicName>
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. D and E modified after
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<bibRefCitation author="Nguyen Duy-Jacquemin, M" journalOrPublisher="Norwegian Journal of Entomology" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="237 - 248" title="Condexenus, a new genus of the millipede family Synxenidae (Diplopoda, Polyxenida) from Namibia." volume="53" year="2006">
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||
Nguyen
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||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Duy–Jacquemin">Duy-Jacquemin</normalizedToken>
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||
2006
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</bibRefCitation>
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. Scales bars: A 50
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="B–E">B-E</normalizedToken>
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25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="88" type="description of subadult female, 12 pl (no. 2)">
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Description of subadult female, 12 pl (no. 2).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
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Measurements. Body length (without caudal penicil): 2.40 mm. Caudal penicil length: 0.60 mm. Tarsus II length of 12th leg: 112
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Head: 6 ocelli on each side. Antennal article VI with 3 basiconic sensilla (Fig. 3D); antennal article VII with 3 basiconic sensilla (Fig. 3E). Surface of labrum with numerous small short cuspidate papillae; papillae of anterior 2 rows larger; 9+9 lamellate teeth at anterior margin. Outer palp of gnathochilarium with 11 sensilla; middle palp with 19 sensilla.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Trunk: Scales on tergites I-IX. Lateral protuberances of tergite I with 3 barbate trichomes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Legs: Coxae I with 1 seta and coxae II with 3 setae; all other coxae without setae. All trochanters and prefemora with 1 seta. All tibias (except 11 and 12) have 1 small seta tapered apically; other articles without seta. Telotarsus bearing an anterior process with a spinous projection longer than claw, 2
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="latero–anterior">latero-anterior</normalizedToken>
|
||
and posterior spiniform processes; posterior lamellar process thickened and basally pleated.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Telson: 22 dorsomedian barbate trichomes of caudal penicil. Hooked trichomes with 3 or 4 hooks.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="3" pageNumber="88" type="description of a larva 8 pl (no. 5)">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">Description of a larva 8 pl (no. 5).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Measurements. Body length (without caudal penicil): 1.80 mm. Tarsus II length of 8th leg: 110
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="3" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Head: 6 ocelli on each side. Vertex with 1 pair of posterior tufts of 20+19 trichomes consisting of 3 rows, the middle row with 10 trichomes. Antennal article VI with 3 basiconic sensilla: 1 anterior shorter and thinner than the 2 posterior ones; the more posterior slightly thinner than the other; 1 setiform sensillum between anterior and posterior basiconic sensilla and 1 posterior coeloconic sensillum; antennal article
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="89" start="start">VII</pageBreakToken>
|
||
with 3 basiconic sensilla, the anterior slightly thinner than the others, 1 setiform sensillum between the 2 posterior basiconic sensilla and 1 posterior coeloconic sensillum. 3 trichobothria, arranged in a triangle, with the most internal smaller than the 2 others. Surface of labrum as in adult females;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="clypeo–labrum">clypeo-labrum</normalizedToken>
|
||
with 10 setae along posterior margin. Outer palp of gnathochilarium with 12 sensilla.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Trunk: Trichomes arranged in 2 lateral tufts with 19 to 25 barbate trichomes connected by 3 rows of scales on tergites
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="III–V">III-V</normalizedToken>
|
||
and only 2 on other tergites. The tergites
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="II–V">II-V</normalizedToken>
|
||
have 22 to 31 scales, the collum 12 and the tergite VII 18. Lateral protuberance of tergite I with 3 (left) and 2 (right) barbate trichomes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="89">Telson: 18 dorsomedian barbate trichomes of caudal penicil. Hooked trichomes with 3 hooks (rarely 2 and 4).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="89">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus squamatus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamatus">Propolyxenus squamatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is strongly distinguished from other species of the genus by the shape of the trichomes covering the tergites. Compared with the most closely related species
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus lawrencei" order="Polyxenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawrencei">Propolyxenus lawrencei</taxonomicName>
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Condé">Conde</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 1949, from Natal (Champagne Castle, Drakensberg Mountains, alt. 6000 ft.),
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus squamatus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamatus">Propolyxenus squamatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. shares the following characters: 6 ocelli; internal trichobothrium shorter than the other 2; number and shape of sensilla on antennal articles VI and VII (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Conde, B" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin de la Societe entomologique de France" pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="124 - 128" title="Un Polyxenide inedit du Natal (Diplopodes Penicillates)." volume="54" year="1949">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Condé">Conde</normalizedToken>
|
||
1949
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 125-126, 1959); surface of the labrum with numerous papillae, the 2 or 3 anterior rows larger.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="89">
|
||
The new species shows the following important differences from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus lawrencei" order="Polyxenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawrencei">Propolyxenus lawrencei</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Position and structure of trichomes on tergites: on each tergite (except collum and telson) the trichomes are arranged in 3 rows and 2 lateral tufts; each paired tuft being connected by posterior and anterior rows of trichomes; the middle row has more spaced trichomes. In
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus lawrencei" order="Polyxenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lawrencei">Propolyxenus lawrencei</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the trichomes are arranged in 3 or 4 irregular rows, forming 2 elongated lateral areas, slightly separated by a narrow medial space.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="89">
|
||
There are two types of trichomes: the trichomes of the three rows are wider and flatter than the trichomes of the lateral tufts, pleurites and head, and their shape and structure are different, being observed in the family
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Polyxenidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" rank="family">Polyxenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the first time. They can be compared to the
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–shaped">scale-shaped</normalizedToken>
|
||
trichomes of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Synxenidae" lsidName="" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" rank="family">Synxenidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the trichomes of the rows are all directed caudally and cover the posterior half of tergites
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="II–X">II-X</normalizedToken>
|
||
and their internal structure is reinforced by differently distributed chitinous elements (Figs 5
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
). The lateral trichomes are longer and arranged in lateral tufts. It is remarkable that the barbate trichomes of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus squamatus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamatus">Propolyxenus squamatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. show a progressive transformation into
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–shaped">scale-shaped</normalizedToken>
|
||
trichomes in the posterior row of the tergite, representing a transition between the two types of trichomes as if, during the course of evolution, the former trichomes had changed into
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–shaped">scale-shaped</normalizedToken>
|
||
trichomes. These
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="scale–shaped">scale-shaped</normalizedToken>
|
||
trichomes are thought to protect the animals from desiccation, abundant rain or other environmental disturbances.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="4" pageNumber="89">
|
||
In a key of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Propolyxenus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus squamatus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="squamatus">Propolyxenus squamatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. would be easily distinguished from all other congeners as is only species with scale-like trichomes. The other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Propolyxenus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are more difficult to identify using morphological characters such as the number of ornamental trichomes or coxal glands of the males. For instance, both
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus patagonicus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patagonicus">Propolyxenus patagonicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Silvestri, 1903) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus australis" order="Polyxenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">Propolyxenus australis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Short and Huynh, 2010, bear four pairs of coxal glands (cf.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Conde, B" journalOrPublisher="Revue d'Ecologie et de Biologie du Sol," pageId="9" pageNumber="94" pagination="223 - 232" title="Diplopodes Penicillates du Bresil et de la Republique Argentine." volume="11" year="1974">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Condé">Conde</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Massoud 1974
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, p. 227 for
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Polyxenidae" genus="Propolyxenus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Propolyxenus patagonicus" order="Polyxenida" pageId="4" pageNumber="89" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="patagonicus">Propolyxenus patagonicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
) contrary to the first tentative key proposed by Short and Huynh (2010 p. 15). There is a difficulty in
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="90" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
||
limited nature of keys based (even partly) on characters such as coxal glands, requiring collection of adult males. More appropriate characters need to be determined for a more robust key for the genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |