862 lines
68 KiB
XML
862 lines
68 KiB
XML
<document id="86E4A378B25B779A01A759BC442EEA4B" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139" ID-publisher-id="136139" URI-arpha="163F7496-5C12-5455-AB48-30AD78073DF0" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1734707767354" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Kushunina, Maria, Nilova, Maya V., Baider, Cláudia & Sennikov, Alexander N." docDate="2024" docId="FF1200ECC3F952A8A4EE2C7DC0A7C2F0" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 250: 21-94" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 250" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/136139/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Achyranthes aspera L." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="163F74965C125455AB4830AD78073DF0" masterDocTitle="Africa and Arabia encompass a much greater species diversity in the Achyranthes aspera aggregate (Amaranthaceae, achyranthoid clade): Evidence from morphological and chorological data" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1734739432256" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="FFE67866E190CF1DB4E0F45C16EBE6C4">Africa and Arabia encompass a much greater species diversity in the Achyranthes aspera aggregate (Amaranthaceae, achyranthoid clade): Evidence from morphological and chorological data</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="3A24C46688C3AC6106CB4BE4E952F0D0">Sukhorukov, Alexander P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="655B4E314D20F26AEC447097B2B665FD">Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia & Laboratory Herbarium (TK), Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="B4EEA6B7C05A1F6BF4EA4E20740A085E">Kushunina, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="FAD2358CDC951D9320FD1D5D9BD4F18E" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2541-6494</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="3DC151129AAF6F647391DB2A2DBE1C82">Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E06C96C395E1D8F6EE38C88FC4DB53CF">Nilova, Maya V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="460DD270494A65182729FE8E652F4EAB" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5340-5915</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="9F9A9FA2C4B787D440F992E8CC2BF825">Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="7D882B95076798F8B9F9DA67973349E1">Baider, Cláudia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="D7B24A09075C2320B296DCBFED870016">Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CE4CC53D594F1A2E165F55BEB30C4F3B">Sennikov, Alexander N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5746D42006C2E9A99B3416B075380B36">The Mauritius Herbarium, RE Vaughan Building, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Réduit, 80835, Mauritius</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="789EC3B97EFC7D006B6C3AC165413BB4">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="818AAD367D64E1EB40CA25A0B73CDF53">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4A217184D13AF372E444CB8D5145A715">2024-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E49981A1B74392A1EAB96CF229127D44" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CA620D6A5D841E0A118667B9EE21D28B">250</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="FB9B04654D73CE491F8FF4FB7428E85F">21</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="478A4BA6C16EF059D8F86E569CC24050">94</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="9ACBBEB48933A8B51F7F3A946B2EA85B">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3853B0AF168F185BD93E7587A52503EB" type="DOI">10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FF1200ECC3F952A8A4EE2C7DC0A7C2F0" ID-arpha="FF1200EC-C3F9-52A8-A4EE-2C7DC0A7C2F0" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF1200ECC3F952A8A4EE2C7DC0A7C2F0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF1200ECC3F952A8A4EE2C7DC0A7C2F0" scope_family="Amaranthaceae">
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<subSubSection id="0D5638C29B1FE286C4874E75D2C3E241" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="2F9AD53AA41C45A5CAFA304961686C1D">
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<taxonomicName id="0B2C342AFC4143B62BB458188B048CB1" ID-CoL="9967" authority="L." authorityName="L." baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
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<emphasis id="CFE0F60AF6CBF4930E27DFC62686379E" italics="true">Achyranthes aspera</emphasis>
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L.
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
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<treatmentCitation id="1F6F47E6A88B92D2BF89A15FC38EFE7D" author="Ghazanfar" journal="Pl." page="204" score="0.2594558430405583" volume="1" year="1753">
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Sp.
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<bibCitation id="D84664E1D032014E50AC4EC49AF1E130" journal="Pl." page="204" score="0.2594558430405583" volume="1" year="1753">Pl. 1: 204 (1753)</bibCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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nom. cons.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6DDEDD0DF653B7D16F256980A7DD9336" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D1A2557A878B8EC37BFC73FB80BB004E">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C2083E4E9C621709F9141B6B16C34D51">
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≡
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<treatmentCitation id="2DCDBD0CE7DCF9C14D00596D9F262C30" author="L. Sp. Pl." journal="Pl." page="204" score="0.2594558430405583" volume="1" year="1753">
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<taxonomicName id="29962A61B1F0D66CE0CB9EC69284B607" ID-CoL="5LYB9" authority="L." authorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="indica">
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<emphasis id="104F47FE6FB32A0D9F600AB4FDD3F724" italics="true">Achyranthes aspera var. indica</emphasis>
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L.
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</taxonomicName>
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Sp. Pl. 1: 204 (1753)
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="573B77620F1598027E4D1463DC7FD29F">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="EB9CC4CFFF58FDC3BAF04DA811607628">
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||
≡
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<treatmentCitation id="E60C9AD89E18B7D333C63C2FB23BDCD6">
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<taxonomicName id="2513FBF632F82B0D444F232E63617C6F" ID-CoL="P79H" authority="(L.) Mill." authorityName="Mill." baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis id="2729BC2CAE57A18A4E895DFFE290E374" italics="true">Achyranthes indica</emphasis>
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(L.) Mill.
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</taxonomicName>
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, Gard. Dict., ed. 8: [unpaged]
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<emphasis id="3149E140097D04FD5201DDB9C7ADAFB6" italics="true">Achyranthes</emphasis>
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no. 2 (1768).
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E6233FB9471C2EEE1B3968DF3D10D8D8">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="496811A497F2A0A60F772AAAB2AE9AE5">
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||
≡
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<treatmentCitation id="5707355D63238AC91EA4C65BCA43FA63">
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||
<taxonomicName id="A0FB3ED99D17CA8418B13B6B96B96E70" ID-CoL="P79H" authority="(L.) Raf." authorityName="Raf." baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Cadelaria" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
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<emphasis id="B2160110ABA5174D04FA8B03CFDA122D" italics="true">Cadelaria indica</emphasis>
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||
(L.) Raf.
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, Fl. Tellur. 3: 45 (1837).
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CC8379C3DDC46A5AC7D7BA1FC0736F80">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="21382C7839409CE33B7D8DA0C358ED2B">
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||
≡
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F4462B1FF69AC6699C60B483F91F8E32">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0AC1780517B1710DB7864543ECB05D1C" ID-CoL="6ZF54" authority="(L.) M. Gomez" authorityName="M. Gomez" baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Stachyarpagophora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
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<emphasis id="91603CE5B363B134C74719834F9E0913" italics="true">Stachyarpagophora aspera</emphasis>
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||
(L.) M. Gómez
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ. 2: 312 (1896).
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D127F1A0B14CC1DC0738D0CFD2DC97E3">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="06E9D2184F7768772F7C335FF219211C">
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<comment id="F7EF3E67BC58A5E2CF9E78A48091FDC0">
|
||
≡
|
||
<taxonomicName id="257CC6272C84C21F227EB9F56C1E9A03" ID-CoL="SBKX" authority="(L.) Standl." authorityName="Standl." baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Centrostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
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<emphasis id="B05364B3CC4C3BC5C25FB1191F0060A6" italics="true">Centrostachys aspera</emphasis>
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||
(L.)
|
||
<bibCitation id="221C31812D3B7101CEDA46C7A712793B" author="Standl." journal="J. Wash. Acad. Sci." page="75" score="58.280225767046765" volume="5" year="1915">
|
||
Standl.,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F729105E990055246E4192A6947E9AD2" author="Standl." journal="J. Wash. Acad. Sci." page="75" score="58.280225767046765" volume="5" year="1915">
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||
<bibCitation id="EAE127E062C262C9C4EEA2DF03BE390A" journal="J. Wash. Acad. Sci." page="75" score="58.280225767046765" volume="5" year="1915">J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 75 (1915)</bibCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</bibCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
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||
</comment>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="12826A12EA84BF8BF0BEC1C8BCA7AFF9">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A7E2EACA137353AD75AE2FABA255282B">
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||
<comment id="D6A4D2EE95CE7EAA5F1F9A69972148CC">
|
||
≡
|
||
<taxonomicName id="444527863450AFA970FAA211384CD3A3" ID-CoL="5XGZL" authority="(L.) Standl." authorityName="Standl." baseAuthorityName="L." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Centrostachys" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">
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||
<emphasis id="6EEAAC80B1D7720299456AB3F927A210" italics="true">Centrostachys indica</emphasis>
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||
(L.)
|
||
<bibCitation id="94D36296FCD2441A13BE268733B2BD18" author="Standl." journal="J. Wash. Acad. Sci." page="75" score="58.280225767046765" volume="5" year="1915">
|
||
Standl.,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="FADEDA03EDCC74C4D06977068E6267CA" author="Standl." journal="J. Wash. Acad. Sci." page="75" score="58.280225767046765" volume="5" year="1915">
|
||
<bibCitation id="26B6C37D4DD5CA925EE4C1679DE5390C" journal="J. Wash. Acad. Sci." page="75" score="58.280225767046765" volume="5" year="1915">J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 5: 75 (1915)</bibCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</bibCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</comment>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4534C99BDDDB33336764885D5CEABE30">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="536A73BCD071A6CCCC4A1962DE2636FA">
|
||
=
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="7F96D493A8D5A06F67BE28400B2C7316">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BE6B596B20CFEEF6301C95DCC5D4F55B" ID-CoL="64GKT" authority="Lam." authorityName="Lam." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="39659B4347BF6DB5BB0B1C8077652838" italics="true">Achyranthes obtusifolia</emphasis>
|
||
Lam.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Encycl. 1 (2): 545 (1785).
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB926F9995A22585FB5DD4B4EFF52D80">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D5B7CC20626680B8A60119ADAD7FDEEF">
|
||
≡
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="34B1FE1BD0588FFF0FFC4634EA7CFE53" author="Suess." issue="5" journal="Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. Munchen" page="152" score="385.49535180271243" volume="1" year="1952">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4142573A26FB402DC639C8CE8B640C9A" ID-CoL="7GJJ6" authority="(Lam.) Suess." authorityName="Suess." baseAuthorityName="Lam." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="obtusifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="E1D9ADCA94E0ECBC4BB45EEF73C08225" italics="true">Achyranthes aspera var. obtusifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(Lam.) Suess.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München 1 (5): 152 (1952)
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="33967F6232AEBC3538F071B7D6AADEC3" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(designated here): [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7EDCC55D27849BBCAAF2529FFC8CFAE6" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
?] leg.
|
||
<emphasis id="F701B7B3E7F367792BF26D1FA2373BBC" italics="true">Sonnerat s. n</emphasis>
|
||
. (P-LA 00380993, image!).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD47CA57655EDC1255E8AB98FB879A83">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="228B7FA7CB7E0AF17FBDCB7F76986CE2">
|
||
=
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E2F4E80CC2EAC94A5CDBEE3887864345">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3AC54035B59C2055CF27F5AB93D54646" ID-CoL="64GL3" authority="Moq." authorityName="Moq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="argentea" variety="obovata">
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||
<emphasis id="790F2505617A43091091F1928E0A7926" italics="true">Achyranthes argentea var. obovata</emphasis>
|
||
Moq.
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in DC., Prodr. 13 (2): 316 (1849)
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="8B8ED28D63E6D8C8A1FD48E6C6E99FA5" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="03534DD0EAED6CADC1A0F1D034F01C08" name="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
] “
|
||
<location id="C55018AD308E2B836F97A659A5F32A6B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF1200ECC3F952A8A4EE2C7DC0A7C2F0:C55018AD308E2B836F97A659A5F32A6B" country="Saudi Arabia" county="Meccam" municipality="Fatme" name="Locis">Locis</location>
|
||
cultis ad pagum
|
||
<location id="48B85569DBC682754EBEAEA7DDC51A8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF1200ECC3F952A8A4EE2C7DC0A7C2F0:48B85569DBC682754EBEAEA7DDC51A8F" country="Saudi Arabia" county="Meccam" municipality="Fatme" name="Madara">Madara</location>
|
||
vallis
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="C1D36758C2E31EF79E22E7508B2EE53F">Fatme</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
prope
|
||
<collectingCounty id="011E45BA697FC3E76E488316D049E3AC">Meccam</collectingCounty>
|
||
”,
|
||
<date id="EF6F93C668E20B1FAAF0CE0588B3FB71" value="1833-11-24">
|
||
<collectingDate id="281A31B6CC4043BCA7105BA4FBAE1F92" value="1833-11-24">24 November 1833</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="75FF3C6C9B247086EEF9A9327CFCF9B4" italics="true">W. Schimper 944</emphasis>
|
||
[Unio itineraria (1837)] (
|
||
<specimenCode id="A03472A5E06E752594DCB43441FD0D71" collectionCode="G" country="Switzerland" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15706" name="Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève" type="Herbarium">G 00688924</specimenCode>
|
||
!, image available at
|
||
<ext-link id="0A59C62F18A5AA27A0303490EEB00459" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/chg/adetail.php?id=668392&base=img&lang=en" xlink_type="simple">http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/chg/adetail.php?id=668392&base=img&lang=en</ext-link>
|
||
);
|
||
<typeStatus id="C4A171EEE1544E2162192BA8475D66CF" type="isotype">isotypes</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCode id="215A4B0DCB0811B26D1E5DC03FB311F2" collectionCode="HBG" country="Japan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/fv5j-intd" name="Hiroshima Botanical Garden" type="">HBG 503188</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="EA90CA12AE6A69672AABE1A5A4297B57" collectionCode="M" country="Germany" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15637" name="Botanische Staatssammlung München" type="Herbarium">M 0241524</specimenCode>
|
||
!).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03EE833F4DE023F95951FDD2F38AED64">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="28C40443C57B110A02E0CBF9E3915715">
|
||
=
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="8B5376957CF6969EE2FD1F254075EF7F" author="Millsp." journal="Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. ser." page="36" score="0.849563617804958" volume="2" year="1900">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F9BF3F74C851FCA39ACDF65326C88710" ID-CoL="9YS7L" authority="Millsp." authorityName="Millsp." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="9781F2032E8BB23FF8395573E858BF17" italics="true">Achyranthes aspera var. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
Millsp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Publ. Field Columb. Mus., Bot. ser. 2: 36 (1900)
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="B76EF61A3F888EF17BC10FFF86877F67" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E855DE555548C4423E4E9CA0949258EA" name="US Virgin Islands">US Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
]
|
||
<location id="AFB0F27A9FD827FE665AD9D70320E7E7" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF1200ECC3F952A8A4EE2C7DC0A7C2F0:AFB0F27A9FD827FE665AD9D70320E7E7" country="US Virgin Islands" municipality="Charlotte Amalie" name="St. Thomas">St. Thomas</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="9BD8C3F8AFBA2CE16141AD6F593CDF07">Charlotte Amalie</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="148B0541882CEB9E5E99E04266BE5584" value="1899-01-17" valueMax="1899-01-18" valueMin="1899-01-17">
|
||
<collectingDate id="EE278B27C47342E300B44C3DA41A7662" value="1899-01-17" valueMax="1899-01-18" valueMin="1899-01-17">17–18 January 1899</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="7480B919CC75BB31EE156C95F9DA7246" italics="true">C. F. Millspaugh 484</emphasis>
|
||
(F – image!,
|
||
<typeStatus id="D2D86A2193232C7FB252BCE42F96C52A" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
|
||
<specimenCode id="586A3619E84D4D17BF5A989BC6DD8F86" collectionCode="NY" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15556" name="William and Lynda Steere Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden" type="Herbarium">NY 658322</specimenCode>
|
||
– image!).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC88B5E59026BE9D18F52C5E666EFEFA">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="4D849EDA8D3DBD834A413BD6453CD160">
|
||
=
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="CBF2929D95104B44884615EFA982EB8A">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4F51DFB1EFACD3F3D9551C3279AE5D09" ID-CoL="64GL3" authority="Peter" authorityName="Peter" authorityYear="2024" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obovata" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="161FEEAC6A631B28BB366363BE528ED1" italics="true">Achyranthes obovata</emphasis>
|
||
Peter
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Repert.
|
||
<collectorName id="DA390CDEBF59F7B1F05BDAEAAE97288B">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="87ACFA11E39D4A406159194130D6D620" rank="species">Spec. Nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Regni Veg. Beih.
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
40 (2,
|
||
<collectorName id="76BEC672476B85D325C706863A327A14">Anhang</collectorName>
|
||
): 25 (1932)
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
nom. illeg., non (M.
|
||
<collectorName id="601C6952FB8B6609B3A1DE7365BDC3C4">Mart.</collectorName>
|
||
&
|
||
<collectorName id="706D6669F89DC898CD378CEF95095E1F">Gal.</collectorName>
|
||
)
|
||
<collectorName id="1959D2A4866ABE3A87F979342859DC65">Standl.</collectorName>
|
||
(1915).
|
||
<typeStatus id="B25B6D2F79252C5ECF52B61FA09F6F6C" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: Deutsch-Ostafrika [
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AFB2CCAA300B432100CB2B6F93F62110" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B7226AD9B32A991CEFAD34279F53F11B" country="Tanzania" name="Tanga">Tanga Region</collectingRegion>
|
||
]
|
||
<collectingCounty id="0FA033971DF24DA022D6927891C5CF38">West-Usambara</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6978D436FC6B5D81F12B7BE60927F9D6">Mashewa</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="B18570AF1451017E4ECF12227F75FE59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF1200ECC3F952A8A4EE2C7DC0A7C2F0:B18570AF1451017E4ECF12227F75FE59" country="Tanzania" county="West-Usambara" municipality="Mashewa" name="Gegend Tunya" stateProvince="Tanga">Gegend Tunya</location>
|
||
und
|
||
<location id="E10F2568655773704916299ACE61CAE8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FF1200ECC3F952A8A4EE2C7DC0A7C2F0:E10F2568655773704916299ACE61CAE8" country="Tanzania" county="West-Usambara" municipality="Mashewa" name="Kwatangu" stateProvince="Tanga">Kwatangu</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="A017FA54BC605EEEC2C1DBF854F0F6E7" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">
|
||
<elevation id="45760AC2F80EF18FE027CC28F5CE03E0" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="0F70F31A06C7EC9B03059F2438843307" value="1915-09-08" valueMax="1915-09-09" valueMin="1915-09-08">
|
||
<collectingDate id="F1AD86CBFE782551AD1464F54F57B904" value="1915-09-08" valueMax="1915-09-09" valueMin="1915-09-08">8–9 September 1915</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, A. Peter 13869 (B – image!).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5XDI" type="Lectotype (designated by Townsend 1974)">
|
||
<paragraph id="4799A85D11A8B8C74DB9EFFD011E3D6E">
|
||
<heading id="0A30DAF4CF1713FB1991FD1F90D0E9A4" reason="title">
|
||
<typeStatus id="B3AE1E8CCB254533473FAF749E9EBC36" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DADEB36AE75F22280A7AE145ED43EDB6" author="Townsend CC" editor="Nasir E & Ali SI" journalOrPublisher="71. Ferozsons Press, Rawalpindi" pagination="1-49" refId="B117" refString="Townsend CC (1974) Amaranthaceae. In: Nasir E, Ali SI (Eds) Flora of West Pakistan, vol. 71. Ferozsons Press, Rawalpindi, 1 - 49." title="Amaranthaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of West Pakistan, vol." year="1974">Townsend 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6DC8ED0D5CA5E62E162013793B1091E3">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="1415A166E1721DE479D3925B7900E07D" collectionCode="BM" country="Sri Lanka" location="Sri Lanka" specimenCode="BM 000621744" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9EB8161667B59297DAB475C1D3604BC1" name="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
] Herb. Hermann 2: 69, no. 105 (
|
||
<specimenCode id="0505109BC450ACD032122B5DC21F1215">BM 000621744</specimenCode>
|
||
!)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDYDI" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B619DB4F1DA397B7874798B58D874B9">
|
||
<heading id="1071496EAE92FB48DEA2BA4D49A01C5D" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="08FE8A506ABFDFD58AB96C54491C4A35">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="4BA36377962F53735562B6B05AC50754" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Achyranthes aspera A an indoor cultivated plant in vegetative stage (grown from seeds from Unguja Island, Tanzania) B two bushy plants in fruiting stage (disturbed habitat on Unguja Island, Tanzania) C inflorescence of an indoor cultivated plant at fruiting D close-up view of a fruiting plant (disturbed habitat on Unguja Island, Tanzania). Photographer: A. Sukhorukov." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203855">11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Annual herb,
|
||
<quantity id="561D1F786F24DDCB20FA412870CB520A" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.3" unit="cm" value="115.0" valueMax="200.0" valueMin="30.0">30–200 cm</quantity>
|
||
tall, stout, not rooting; young stem round, angled at the inflorescence; leaf petioles
|
||
<quantity id="04A4943A470B3E17FA65930A237F3853" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" unit="mm" value="20.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="10.0">10–30 mm</quantity>
|
||
, blades 15–110 ×
|
||
<quantity id="9EE17B641410153039C28BE7F6DDDF3C" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="50.0" valueMax="80.0" valueMin="20.0">20–80 mm</quantity>
|
||
, obovate or ovate, base truncate, pubescent throughout, tip shortly acuminate; inflorescence up to
|
||
<quantity id="436F0A0F97CE14DB5CDE386E0D8AAA9E" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" unit="cm" value="70.0">70 cm</quantity>
|
||
long; bract 2.0–
|
||
<quantity id="3BD0EE235C102F2DA1406D7E13138414" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" unit="mm" value="2.5">2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; bracteoles
|
||
<quantity id="2C04572955C1F9862E429B73FF689B11" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.5" unit="mm" value="3.0" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.5">2.5–3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, green, not or slightly reflexed; perianth 4.0–
|
||
<quantity id="F650E2B8E9F03B8765A770CAAAEACE83" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, segments ± equal, one-veined with two indistinct lateral veins; stamens 5 with white or mauve filaments, anthers
|
||
<quantity id="1AC6EE6402D03F7CBC2C513E78718B34" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="4.0" unit="mm" value="0.5" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.4">0.4–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; pseudostaminodes
|
||
<quantity id="BD0940F64B134BCF608D2812A4CEDCA7" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="7.0" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.7">0.7–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, white; style with stigma 1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="C80E5C3048C65F1D56697B45ACF65370" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long; fruit (without style)
|
||
<quantity id="3D5DBFA93297F186C72C1165923E25F9" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="45A7AD00DE0E79F993F2264A93E6EB18" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139.figure11" ID-arpha="82F34DF1-C9A9-5335-AAC6-F3368DE14BC8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203855" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph id="9688E2B3CE1F6B2947DDE50D88CA06A0">
|
||
<label id="462F6A6E567F2115531FBC146D0508F8">Figure 11.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0F5EBFD82FB5A1C58705E49943FAB9A2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2973B89C8EAC5521D51E1EED63537F09" baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="158ABBC9C1B5E032BF8C01CC98196158" italics="true">Achyranthes aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="5967C04EA306FA5ECA9B530877F2F9E9" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||
an indoor cultivated plant in vegetative stage (grown from seeds from Unguja Island, Tanzania)
|
||
<emphasis id="BAD4DF890401EA56BFE86DFF7B79A3C0" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||
two bushy plants in fruiting stage (disturbed habitat on Unguja Island, Tanzania)
|
||
<emphasis id="C1E7A56C0DC631CDDD32CB4EEC52D9CC" bold="true">C</emphasis>
|
||
inflorescence of an indoor cultivated plant at fruiting
|
||
<emphasis id="8D59F5A5E26801EA9A4F0285B634F500" bold="true">D</emphasis>
|
||
close-up view of a fruiting plant (disturbed habitat on Unguja Island, Tanzania). Photographer: A. Sukhorukov.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETZDI" type="Taxonomic note">
|
||
<paragraph id="3B3F728085A1B49B68635DA83F8C3E7D">
|
||
<heading id="0F535C979EF5FB3A00FBFF3F05F41F28" reason="title">Taxonomic note.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E3CB01BE8C3F1985E732B3E73DB43034">
|
||
Many authors (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3F081E3AA473D438E7C20ABD8EB614CC" author="Podlech" editor="Merxmüller H" firstAuthor="Podlech" journalOrPublisher="33. Amaranthaceae. J. Cramer, Lehre" pagination="1-23" refId="B95" refString="Podlech D (1966) Amaranthaceae. In: Merxmüller H (Ed.) Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrika. 33. Amaranthaceae. J. Cramer, Lehre, 1–23." title="Amaranthaceae." volumeTitle="Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrika." year="1966">Podlech 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="03E51BD53B2FA897A2C4288191892641" author="Berhaut" firstAuthor="Berhaut" journalOrPublisher="Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du Développement Rural, Direction des Eaux et Forêts, Dakar" refId="B9" refString="Berhaut J (1971) Flore illustrée du Sénégal, vol. 1. Gouvernement du Sénégal, Ministère du Développement Rural, Direction des Eaux et Forêts, Dakar, 626 pp." title="Flore illustrée du Sénégal, vol. 1." year="1971">Berhaut 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9B2025CB7162FA4D3E460E4146F417BC" author="Townsend CC" editor="Dassanayake MD" journalOrPublisher="1. Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi" pagination="1-57" refId="B119" refString="Townsend CC (1980 b) Amaranthaceae. In: Dassanayake MD (Ed.) A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, vol. 1. Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1–57." title="Amaranthaceae." volumeTitle="A revised handbook to the flora of Ceylon, vol.">Townsend 1980 b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="41336B42E5854DAC9D04E9AFD566345C" author="Ghazanfar" firstAuthor="Ghazanfar" journalOrPublisher="Scripta Botanica Belgica" pagination="1-153" refId="B42" refString="Ghazanfar SA (1992) An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman and their vernacular names. Scripta Botanica Belgica 2: 1–153." title="An annotated catalogue of the vascular plants of Oman and their vernacular names." volume="2" year="1992">Ghazanfar 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F2620751A6A3740688E3EC34025A4CE3" author="Germishuizen and Meyer" firstAuthor="Germishuizen" journalOrPublisher="National Botanical Institute, Pretoria" refId="B41" refString="Germishuizen G, Meyer NL [Eds] (2003) Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. [Strelitzia 14]. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria, 1231 pp." title="Plants of Southern Africa: an annotated checklist. [Strelitzia 14]." year="2003">Germishuizen and Meyer 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C049447C7BFF149BA3A5EA3634E04D5E" DOI="10.1080/0028825X.2004.9512897" author="De Lange" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="De Lange" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="New Zealand Journal of Botany" pagination="167-173" refId="B29" refString="De Lange PJ, Scofield RP, Greene T (2004) Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae) a new indigenous addition to the flora of the Kermadec Islands group. New Zealand Journal of Botany 42 (2): 167–173. https://doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.2004.9512897" title="Achyranthes aspera (Amaranthaceae) a new indigenous addition to the flora of the Kermadec Islands group." volume="42" year="2004">De Lange et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="26AFD76AEBE1BB1A535B41A5EFBB7F21" author="Gibreel and Darbyshire" editor="Darbyshire I & Kordofani M & Farag I & Candiga R & Pickering H" firstAuthor="Gibreel" journalOrPublisher="An annotated checklist. Kew Publishing, London" pagination="275-280" refId="B44" refString="Gibreel H, Darbyshire I (2015) Amaranthaceae [s. l.]. In: Darbyshire I, Kordofani M, Farag I, Candiga R, Pickering H (Eds) The plants of Sudan and South Sudan. An annotated checklist. Kew Publishing, London, 275–280." title="Amaranthaceae [s. l.]." volumeTitle="The plants of Sudan and South Sudan." year="2015">Gibreel and Darbyshire 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) indicated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BCD3EE45D6806863AD4BEDEC16935183" baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B112686B91210D0BF0817F3E18510588" italics="true">A. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a perennial herb occasionally flowering in the first year, but our field observations revealed that the species could be mistaken for a perennial based on its height and much branched habit in the moist regions (e. g.,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D3ADDD0AC41FB861F9BCD234001E959E" name="Tanzania">Zanzibar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3FC32260F042F1D5352B284B3571520" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectingRegion id="BAE95CFB59D2EBC78891E98E8878C290" country="India" name="Haryana">Haryana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="207ACA2D8B1B43666A4822316F80E6D3" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
: pers. obs.
|
||
<collectionCode id="1B50F4DD7D6C5426CB412DA667935F7D">APS</collectionCode>
|
||
), but is a robust annual.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EA2DI" type="Nomenclatural notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="F68305723108B417383CF4BA6691A5CF">
|
||
<heading id="EC2F4268F88C43BFBDC99D1B02E74ECA" reason="title">Nomenclatural notes.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="12DB47BDC5A88FEF15C6CCADF5311111">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="9AF2AC7BDBC2A862496E74D46E78C1D0" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A724A60AF24FCF2CAFBDB6B1EF275360" baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C70D7A89FD90B9BCC6523569BDA3566" italics="true">Achyranthes aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
designated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="441F5D6D3C66C71F439FB52F9660587F" author="Townsend CC" editor="Nasir E & Ali SI" firstAuthor="Townsend" journalOrPublisher="71. Ferozsons Press, Rawalpindi" pagination="1-49" refId="B117" refString="Townsend CC (1974) Amaranthaceae. In: Nasir E, Ali SI (Eds) Flora of West Pakistan, vol. 71. Ferozsons Press, Rawalpindi, 1–49." title="Amaranthaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of West Pakistan, vol." year="1974">Townsend (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and proposed for conservation by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="69CC45D2CCA00287E7D82E343342CDD1" DOI="10.2307/1222833" author="Jarvis CE" firstAuthor="Jarvis" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pagination="552-583" refId="B56" refString="Jarvis CE (1992) Seventy-two proposals for the conservation of types of selected Linnaean generic names, the Report of Subcommittee 3 C on the lectotypification of Linnaean generic names. Taxon 41 (3): 552–583. https://doi.org/10.2307/1222833" title="Seventy-two proposals for the conservation of types of selected Linnaean generic names, the Report of Subcommittee 3 C on the lectotypification of Linnaean generic names." volume="41" year="1992">Jarvis (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, although only represented by the upper part of a plant, clearly shows the characters typical of the taxon (obovate leaves, short bracteoles and flowers).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B1D639984B30CF15011DE4521C80D24B" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.2760" author="Fawcett W & Rendle AB" firstAuthor="Fawcett" page="136" refId="B34" refString="Fawcett W, Rendle AB (1914) Flora of Jamaica, vol. 3. British Museum, London. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.2760" year="1914">Fawcett and Rendle (1914: 136)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
indicated that the type of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="474F5682B20B4F3963F86BA5716580C6" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="BA6DC6698CBD9F641A9E566EF411D755" italics="true">A. aspera var. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is kept at the Natural History Museum (
|
||
<collectionCode id="6A3D9619B4D8301FBB1E439371CAB7A0" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum">BM</collectionCode>
|
||
) and referred to Hermann’s Flora Zeylanica. This choice was formalised by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="13D2CA5EE87AEC476599801A1364FB97" author="Townsend CC" editor="Polhill RM" firstAuthor="Townsend" journalOrPublisher="Balkema, Rotterdam - Boston" pagination="1-136" refId="B120" refString="Townsend CC (1985) Amaranthaceae. In: Polhill RM (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam – Boston, 1–136." title="Amaranthaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa." year="1985">Townsend (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who, therefore, made this varietal name a homotypic synonym of the type variety.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1412DD3E2FAE0E192CDBF1B869E03525" author="Jarvis CE" firstAuthor="Jarvis" journalOrPublisher="Linnean Society of London and the Natural History Museum, London" refId="B57" refString="Jarvis CE (2007) Order out of chaos: Linnaean plant names and their types. Linnean Society of London and the Natural History Museum, London, 1016 pp." title="Order out of chaos: Linnaean plant names and their types." year="2007">Jarvis (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
disagreed with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B909CF8CC68457E488A0951BE9B41F91" author="Townsend CC" editor="Polhill RM" firstAuthor="Townsend" journalOrPublisher="Balkema, Rotterdam - Boston" pagination="1-136" refId="B120" refString="Townsend CC (1985) Amaranthaceae. In: Polhill RM (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam – Boston, 1–136." title="Amaranthaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa." year="1985">Townsend (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and noted that
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF07C365ED15215B8DE9D173B56B802E" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.734" author="Burman J" firstAuthor="Burman" refId="B18" refString="Burman J (1737) Thesaurus zeylanicus: exhibens plantas in insula Zeylana nascentes, inter quas plurimae novae species & genera inveniuntur, omnia iconibus illustrata, ac descripta. Apud Janssonio-Waesbergios & Salomonem Schouten, Amsterdam. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.734" year="1737">Burman (1737)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is the nomenclatural source of this Linneaen variety and should provide a type.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7411DBDACA58F268591A93872F21FAE1" DOI="10.12705/632.2" author="Iamonico D" firstAuthor="Iamonico" issue="2" journalOrPublisher="Taxon" pagination="405-407" refId="B53" refString="Iamonico D (2014) Lectotypification of Linnaean names in the genus Achyranthes (Amaranthaceae). Taxon 63 (2): 405–407. https://doi.org/10.12705/632.2" title="Lectotypification of Linnaean names in the genus Achyranthes (Amaranthaceae)." volume="63" year="2014">Iamonico (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
selected a
|
||
<typeStatus id="F0AF72C3FCC2D2F24FB1C1A917D05EB9" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="975C266A65F71B8FEE70D35A38249E25" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="406F9E1703760BE7ABEFB5EFED580829" italics="true">A. aspera var. indica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the herbarium
|
||
<collectionCode id="F916DED02D2870AF5AF9EC11B77DA3AE">S-LINN</collectionCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="AD77AE164AAB478B0B58E218B15135EB">IDC</collectionCode>
|
||
100.19) that is annonated by Linnaeus as “
|
||
<taxonomicName id="32728568A43FD989B92C302C2454F380" baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
β
|
||
<emphasis id="D44917B0321732E2AB33762CE2B1683C" italics="true">aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
”. This sheet contains a fragment of the plant with three obovate leaf pairs and an inflorescence in early blooming stage. We have doubts whether this plant is the annual
|
||
<taxonomicName id="836AB9B33E6A9BA7FC5774FA397D1787" baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6A20D5E57353BA8C43410100DE98D49" italics="true">A. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and we assume that the specimen in
|
||
<collectionCode id="592F13C80CEB82974888A972B8B1C78F">S-LINN</collectionCode>
|
||
rather belongs to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="821634185645D230B547A77C958B74EC" baseAuthorityName="Lebrun" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="porphyrostachya">
|
||
<emphasis id="16ECDAAD858D0767BE01DA188AFE17E2" italics="true">A. porphyrostachya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(although its leaf shape is not characteristic for the latter species). Despite these doubts, the protologue of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D257AE33194E853AAAD1A1341A3F5921" authority="(Linnaeus 1753)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1753" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="indica">
|
||
<emphasis id="5F1B4740D78E435CD6BBF63147A16CEB" italics="true">A. aspera var. indica</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="577B7ABC794E19BF92151A42A55DE00F" author="Linnaeus" firstAuthor="Linnaeus" journalOrPublisher="Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae" refId="B73" refString="Linnaeus C (1753) Species Plantarum, vol. 1. Impensis Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae, 784 pp." title="Species Plantarum, vol. 1." year="1753">Linnaeus 1753</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
contains a separate diagnosis plus the indication that the variety occurs in “
|
||
<collectingCountry id="94A3244E8A9E5F1F845979D460713D82" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
” (“ Zeylona ” =
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B7297A5F63D10C7F96801F8685848A7A" name="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
). This information links the Hermann’s specimen with the protologue and makes it part of the original material, thus eligible for lectotypification. For this reason, the type designation made by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9456DF4DB56FA4A5255D96251D486FFD" author="Townsend CC" editor="Polhill RM" firstAuthor="Townsend" journalOrPublisher="Balkema, Rotterdam - Boston" pagination="1-136" refId="B120" refString="Townsend CC (1985) Amaranthaceae. In: Polhill RM (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam – Boston, 1–136." title="Amaranthaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa." year="1985">Townsend (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
is formally correct and has priority over Iamonico’s choice; it stabilises the nomenclature of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9984A9B0AFB8820AFA77D4F63BC06F0D" baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="3D2A936033FE9AFD82E8EBA11C39938D" italics="true">A. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="32B936262FB1489851C399EE49C796DE" author="Townsend" editor="Nasir E & Ali SI" firstAuthor="Townsend" journalOrPublisher="71. Ferozsons Press, Rawalpindi" pagination="1-49" refId="B117" refString="Townsend CC (1974) Amaranthaceae. In: Nasir E, Ali SI (Eds) Flora of West Pakistan, vol. 71. Ferozsons Press, Rawalpindi, 1–49." title="Amaranthaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of West Pakistan, vol." year="1974">Townsend (1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="985040E3B8D4EFC25E2555D7B0045F56" author="Townsend" editor="Polhill RM" firstAuthor="Townsend" journalOrPublisher="Balkema, Rotterdam - Boston" pagination="1-136" refId="B120" refString="Townsend CC (1985) Amaranthaceae. In: Polhill RM (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam – Boston, 1–136." title="Amaranthaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa." year="1985">1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and universally accepted.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3118716128B30F98A320DD8350C418BA">
|
||
The protologue of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3201D01609E6958484206F8B6E136A59" authority="(Lamarck 1785)" baseAuthorityName="Lamarck" baseAuthorityYear="1785" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obtusifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="D819BFC121254D8C68E3228ECDBC8F99" italics="true">A. obtusifolia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B142C70341F54D8DCFC97398C9680FA" author="Lamarck" firstAuthor="Lamarck" refId="B64" refString="Lamarck JB (1785) Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique, vol. 1, part 2. Panckoucke & Plomteux, Paris & Liège." year="1785">Lamarck 1785</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
includes a number of cited illustrations which constitute its original material together with the specimens in the personal collection of Lamarck. A
|
||
<typeStatus id="18CA8DC12AE6C4F3D08BE8958584DABE" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is therefore designated here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0257804C6F496D6D6480A4D8BA04A35E">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0A1C83B537C29EF6D1E1775815A54336" DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.626.4.1" author="Hassan WA & Al-Shaye NA & Iamonico D" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hassan" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pagination="223-246" refId="B47" refString="Hassan WA, Al-Shaye NA, Iamonico D (2023) A critical inventory of the family Amaranthaceae s. str. in Saudi Arabia. Phytotaxa 626 (4): 223–246. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.626.4.1" title="A critical inventory of the family Amaranthaceae s. str. in Saudi Arabia." volume="626" year="2023">Hassan et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
synonymized
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2ACF94ADEFD3AB0A2B1DA4DCD87111E8" authority="Moq." authorityName="Moq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="argentea" variety="obovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="380CD95D7B22A05B0A482876E335635C" italics="true">A. argentea var. obovata</emphasis>
|
||
Moq.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D1D1EDFA3D56A3C70AB4EA63BA571E24" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sicula">
|
||
<emphasis id="BA0DB9D8C850D1DD38753C22B3587EE3" italics="true">A. sicula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Nevertheless, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="721CCBA0BEAFF58CC432ED4F1B84DD8B" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
represents a branched specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C1CF5953F13E2954040E38C4F5B48C4" baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="74612B60AF2EC3D6567264C4D9B223A6" italics="true">A. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="64A5A78DEF544AD96CB20D1968157D92" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
This
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A3F0101428BDCBEB7848BDBE4F9D30" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is the only specimen used for and cited in the protologue (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFF72A6386AC387E36FC424B402AB361" author="Moquin-Tandon" editor="de Candolle AP" firstAuthor="Moquin-Tandon" journalOrPublisher="13, part 2. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris" pagination="231-424" refId="B84" refString="Moquin-Tandon CHBA (1849) Amaranthaceae. In: de Candolle AP (Ed.) Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, vol. 13, part 2. Treuttel & Würtz, Paris, 231–424." title="Amaranthaceae." volumeTitle="Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, vol." year="1849">Moquin-Tandon 1849</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), which is thus a
|
||
<typeStatus id="FEDDC55085F173F1071E3EBC0E2A319A" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
by definition; the lectotypification with the same specimen made by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D72185AF097F8B4BF642D7FE12B1346C" DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.626.4.1" author="Hassan WA & Al-Shaye NA & Iamonico D" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Hassan" issue="4" journalOrPublisher="Phytotaxa" pagination="223-246" refId="B47" refString="Hassan WA, Al-Shaye NA, Iamonico D (2023) A critical inventory of the family Amaranthaceae s. str. in Saudi Arabia. Phytotaxa 626 (4): 223–246. https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.626.4.1" title="A critical inventory of the family Amaranthaceae s. str. in Saudi Arabia." volume="626" year="2023">Hassan et al. (2023)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was therefore superfluous.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="88B07521106103AEC453F4D78A3000B1">
|
||
The
|
||
<typeStatus id="EF14813934C55A00EB6FCC07F8F7D454" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="252EDE6E95A425316BC391B98A869957" authority="Millsp." authorityName="Millsp." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="simplex">
|
||
<emphasis id="8D2230B792221EAE26406362A9BE0090" italics="true">A. aspera var. simplex</emphasis>
|
||
Millsp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an unbranched specimen with a terminal inflorescence; its leaves are very typical of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="931317005B488B7945CD928EDFE75B78" baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="ECCBFA97CB8F13847BF87F292EC19C6D" italics="true">A. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EEDAK" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="F8D391BB31C4E8D6310C0FA372CC256F">
|
||
<heading id="F463133FFD2E393CC733B8AF0235B7BF" reason="title">Habitat.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7348EC5F2112A13E6C947778DB2B871">
|
||
Waste, mostly sunny places; frequent in the regions with humid climate (e. g., Unguja Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3B0A19D8F960593A1511F3068A16A80D" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
) at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="15DFE1D88DEC5C756F15A54E84C7B193" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="15.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="750.0" valueMax="1500.0" valueMin="0.0">0–1500 m</quantity>
|
||
a. s. l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EJDAK" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6BE4ACFF60DC8AD25A8FCFC2ADC1F06B">
|
||
<heading id="18F217E86E63DB2510013E7716BB2AC6" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB751B19B4EE1B1468B6A0F8853C039A">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="97C37B83BF2D3FA0D7933CED8B858DD0" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Distribution map of Achyranthes aspera." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203856">12</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also Appendix
|
||
<xref id="3AF16C2C48A720599488BF1A73EF50DB" ref-type="app" rid="app1">1</xref>
|
||
). Surprisingly, herbarium collections from the western part of Africa are scarce, indicating that it might be a scattered alien in the West Tropical Africa. The majority of collections are from the eastern tropical part of Africa and the islands in the western Indian Ocean, where it is usually considered as alien.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="ED9F0AF8D0E427126CF664BE3C368A06" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139.figure12" ID-arpha="E1DFBC34-76BB-5C7F-8B87-2A37E21012C0" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203856" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B049FE5104569E3DD7E390980B6742F">
|
||
<label id="626B5C867109719254737998F6346342">Figure 12.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3ECD5C17F1F6F6F24CDE6FB8C4AF6173">
|
||
Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C994FC115608815300CA2B3CD6507776" baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD304F50C89FFFA9D3EA87C84F956998" italics="true">Achyranthes aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E3FAEDD810503466E8A8A109B7617EF">
|
||
<emphasis id="857A4961AE73D0B8E180C17C651EA5FF" bold="true">Africa</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="568FBA20EDD505FAEED942E21F8B1987" name="Benin">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6C2CDF4097F2DBEC0497F580E389393D" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="24F18901ECD910550A72B3A64CE5F327" name="Chad">Chad</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="498C13B8ADAC86CE58040F108A2265DA" name="Comoros">Comoros</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6455B6B8737FCB1C2D41372DD5DD3205" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8D0DC8674807E120BC45CCBD88678060" name="Egypt">Egypt</collectingCountry>
|
||
(old record), Europa Island,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50E2BE478BC354BA14BA4C7545842E6A" name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0BADCF49CB52567D287A1F3108F74C05" name="Ghana">Ghana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2CC76AE92787539BCAD807A74372E2CB" name="Kenya">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="60D2A76B5795AEFDBB9925201659CE1D" name="Liberia">Liberia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="74220DB35D054531C1C7ECC119D0F92F" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="47348E419EB81573E4A93E07EDFE15B2" name="Mauritius">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7323C6FE676E87EBA94438A25D7CBCC8" name="Mayotte">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76DFBF7E604BCD7D97541F726B7F83A8" name="Mozambique">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BABB8F955DE7F64706BE913197B70871" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D3ED2C77403D9D0085FAE063351088DC" name="Réunion">Réunion</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9D394A43F29A75CBEDAB98B6D4834A9C" name="Rwanda">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="76F11398F71AED8A3855F77921C25CFF" name="Sao Tome and Principe">São Tomé and Príncipe</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="641F83A0A33D3D46FDAE6F1B772243CD" name="Senegal">Senegal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9CFED49108CF14D9A3CE8F02A4D3AAB7" name="Seychelles">Seychelles</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E7451D8DF40E3AEB4D37BDBFFDBA72CF" name="Somalia">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ACA96861792878009CB1F4584D029EBA" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="94C943D922F07771C7360B66853AB5AB" name="South Sudan">South Sudan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5A88CE6EA22F1E8F3769D37057742AB6" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="36AAA8449266E5CC7A12F74679EFD249" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F974FC0D52E96EE7F86106F059B50014" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4F071AA6510A400510D9779504C00B00">
|
||
<emphasis id="2275F19298A52D375A6E175CEC5EB369" bold="true">Arabian Peninsula</emphasis>
|
||
: see Appendix
|
||
<xref id="CAAC8960E22F81B7D1B1ED0D02783200" ref-type="app" rid="app1">1</xref>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0ETEAK" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="F9C587675BF4C3D990BB32353AD25A22">
|
||
<heading id="A263F6C3CC5F22C745A466DE5E2A6429" reason="title">General distribution.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5650062FB63F4ECEFCF49F482DE2317F">
|
||
The exact origin of the species is unknown, but it seems to be native in tropical South and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="D82B05F388BFD2BCC45ACC3A961A0DB8" country="Cameroon" name="South-West">South-West</collectingRegion>
|
||
Asia. Because of the confusion of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4A10DB142F175100B7C555B26B5C37A7" baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="2DFE258D8152FF72C5A3853AB39B9591" italics="true">A. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="4D692BFA4A2A7D80DF831AFE423FDDE7" sensu="stricto">s. str.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
with other species and varieties, we have detailed its distribution across the World based on the specimens seen in the herbaria visited and online collections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="000C2EBE628C2503C40580C83AD33E38">
|
||
<emphasis id="ACA8A2A0B9CFBBBD61D320F09775CF64" bold="true">Africa</emphasis>
|
||
: see Appendix
|
||
<xref id="574C8E8516BCA4EA10BD7A2DBE0EBE15" ref-type="app" rid="app1">1</xref>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D849C25E097F71C5839E166D12C1A5C8">
|
||
<emphasis id="26BE0ACF952769F648C5D485BB5B1906" bold="true">Asia</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="118F3A10826D5F64E1AA4E3D7D71A250" name="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="63066970D49E6BA3DF5E163CCE815CB4" name="Bhutan">Bhutan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="46C47EDA900922DEF38AD70E89574B00" name="Cambodia">Cambodia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, tropical
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CBC985F0134586257EF91ABAA76C1E61" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
including
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F11DE4D7B3EB007CABF086F1E7EAE4AD" name="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C273DBE07E067461EE028CA4FF4A2C20" name="Taiwan">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F365F44D0DB8E5775A3721F649C084BD" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="56B5243A4788FC99B853505CECF39325" name="Indonesia">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="341A6086CAD6BB8610F9D5DB133DDCDD" name="Laos">Laos</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4A0D30AEB77D215318787E4CEA70D968" name="Malaysia">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A7108B1D21E9579A0FB883DA8C8F29EA" name="Maldives">Maldives</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="60257C7587C044B9DB38D3C90506A940" name="Myanmar">Myanmar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5E9B8CC55AA29F2C9A38D0427C61AF9B" name="Nepal">Nepal</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F7AC456AD58D60FE7F8788830A94C4D5" name="Oman">Oman</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="67F1C39B732C08829468275B1B6406E2" name="Pakistan">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="154803DC4906AF955AEA72AAB0DF2A6D" name="Philippines">Philippines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C2BD057BA635A0A64B73B6AB14DE461C" name="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E81346DCDE90CCCF64EA4873833778E3" name="Singapore">Singapore</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9B386FA484D310678D0BFF13CC08FF55" name="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A58D159C9E0CDA6F4F8CE5E7BFA67121" name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="83C919DBE95D1E19B939EB06A81F09D5" name="United Arab Emirates">UAE</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6D1CE7C6D4E67BFA8BD6F18C4EF18AEA" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AF5765F4C5512F4B254F1AB25883E944" name="Yemen">Yemen</collectingCountry>
|
||
(incl.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F7DA197B3A5A0F7ED0BDA25B15AE1C67" name="Yemen">Socotra</collectingCountry>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="181B800F447D41B583A4A0CDBA571D03">
|
||
<emphasis id="37E3FA8BF3FBF87B44501BBF83A902B9" bold="true">Australasian Realm</emphasis>
|
||
: tropical
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C0679DF93AB5A58120C49E4057C5EEC1" name="Australia">Australia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="167D054894B7ECB83223F5AC834D1892" name="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D31B5B81EDCE14A2954A59048CA42C1">
|
||
<emphasis id="6D5E05919172128ADC158DF90462B357" bold="true">Melanesia</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="BB5756AD76404DF644EB06C5D239509E" name="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(probably other islands).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AF85E61DC3E90EC0F6AAA1F89AF3CB69">
|
||
<emphasis id="429256F80F5F4B8DDCB61B4502DA73DF" bold="true">Polynesia</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="62E853E8ED641FD2F92CE9707D19F321" name="Pitcairn Island">Pitcairn Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9B34B84E074924937DB4DED28931399E" name="Samoa">Samoa</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Also reported for many other islands of Polynesia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0BFBDA308BE7DEBF9876DF061614BFE8" author="Florence" firstAuthor="Florence" journalOrPublisher="IRD Éditions, Publications Scientifiques du Muséum, Paris" refId="B38" refString="Florence J (2004) Flore de la Polynésie Française, vol. 2. IRD Éditions, Publications Scientifiques du Muséum, Paris, 307 pp." title="Flore de la Polynésie Française, vol. 2." year="2004">Florence 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6A0E6CCEF2F087B0DE1412ABFF6D1A25">
|
||
<emphasis id="CE40731092DF827F2D5D5AB3F28B3A36" bold="true">America</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F6812E3BCA934F924C3D2CB9A54B7BB6" name="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A00C27BB1A1E80B65060316B893F8C68" name="Bahamas">Bahamas</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="46720308D214A5CB17BC01ED4F39C6E5" name="Barbados">Barbados</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0260D9BFEF11702A641189FD6F6C4636" name="Bolivia">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C278DAF0F25B8CBECF0B9168F0164078" name="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="00D4CDD7747E6CD58738622F57EC8D32" name="Brazil">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(tropical regions, e. g. States of Bahia,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="79E5C6027CC6011D2DE7862C08EBE8E4" country="Brazil" name="Espirito Santo">Espírito Santo</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CE00469E99A8E54D5B7A545EFA7B4DA7" country="Brazil" name="Minas Gerais">Minas Gerais</collectingRegion>
|
||
, Pará),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4573791B8A90C5225D4E8637253C53F8" name="Colombia">Colombia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DC20606F0DD583236B0C5B840ED0341" name="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="982B9C87D187B2E808CA1D8F264BE8F5" name="Cuba">Cuba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A2C7D4BAB850062A11AE6C5EF4923F24" name="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B56950B5BE0A1F43046BC889A44E7D9B" name="Dominica">Dominica</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Dominican Rep., French Guiana,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="020806B4870A3DFC7609DE58C2393B3E" name="Grenada">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Guadeloupe,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A5F782D1D5D2908A7386FCF0472D716A" name="Guatemala">Guatemala</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="019C106C286CEC99EFCDA97DE26788DC" name="Guyana">Guyana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E9786CBE91D4C9D3B9FD675BFEAD10A3" name="Haiti">Haiti</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6903712908E36941E820B759A0819526" name="Jamaica">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2B4DD093FDDEFC38C4338F66C932DDDA" name="Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingCountry id="64B7666E62A33717CBA4EBC19F84A18C" name="Aruba">Aruba</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3111041BFA007D055E57D945F2756E54" name="Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba">Bonaire</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3ADDF230E48AB48E7C007449D30240E6" name="Curaçao">Curaçao</collectingCountry>
|
||
, St. - Eustatius, St. - Martin), Martinique,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0EF5A195F669FCC4486BA9C36A561405" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Montserrat (British Overseas Territory),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="C262F498063C7B47BBD7EE5CA656C376" name="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8E068065881F392B1BF0A868DA8A9E72" name="Panama">Panama</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="234D7F9CA1DE5767B7C4EA47600BD87C" name="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="200B815FECF5978DCCC48AB8FF63E8A7" name="El Salvador">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DBDAA7480553CD312E8A5CDE4268A5F" name="Saint Barthelemy">St. Barthélemy</collectingCountry>
|
||
(French Overseas Territory),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B2F4C936CC27DA8F93D29745BAAAE8A5" name="Saint Kitts and Nevis">St. Kitts and Nevis</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="16EFB1F46221E6238D135D2497EE2C5E" name="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="26DC45681EB2C708A2A138DEEBDA8D8C" name="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D32509845786EA9B79D384D76176CD90" name="Suriname">Suriname</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="50F5753EAB1E6851804D622E21E4D22F" name="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DC88D2292EEA4987967EA4DCF246163" name="United States of America">USA</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectingRegion id="CFFD872524D2E40C32BB3E679996A9C1" country="United States of America" name="Alabama">Alabama</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="6746207FFEA9C2E23A250A32531F7EC0" country="United States of America" name="Florida">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="FC47B4BBBC12C28B9ECF6029DFBFB397" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="1A7C8EFC8A24EB3FF9C5B01E2F04A04C" country="United States of America" name="Texas">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="4D8EC9E6E091FD20711E879F3C60FF27" country="United States of America" name="Hawaii">Hawaii</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9DF2310576052596C1B94D8C1886746B" name="US Virgin Islands">US Virgin Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="045428BF4D51754FBF1CA88039ED3249">
|
||
It is common or frequent in disturbed places at lower altitudes in tropical America (e. g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3CC3206C702D40BA1F2CA938C7813578" author="Millspaugh" firstAuthor="Millspaugh" journalOrPublisher="Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical series" pagination="1-110" refId="B83" refString="Millspaugh CF (1900) Plantae Utowanae Publications of the Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical series 2: 1–110." title="Plantae Utowanae" volume="2" year="1900">Millspaugh 1900</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D013BB9874754A03C0EEF5DDD2FBA784" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="aspera" subSpecies="obtusifolia">
|
||
<emphasis id="74129E9CEF8ED7D4A899373E572341FA" italics="true">A. aspera obtusifolia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="21B705BA659BC3BBB3A8B3B52AE16649" DOI="10.5962/bhl.part.11251" author="Robertson" firstAuthor="Robertson" issue="3" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Arnold Arboretum" pagination="267-313" refId="B98" refString="Robertson KR (1981) The genera of Amaranthaceae in the southeastern United States. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 62 (3): 267–313. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.part.11251" title="The genera of Amaranthaceae in the southeastern United States." volume="62" year="1981">Robertson 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B05506FAAE72CC4FB3092618186C768F" DOI="10.5479/si.0081024X.98.1" author="Acevedo-Rodriguez and Strong" firstAuthor="Acevedo-Rodriguez" journalOrPublisher="Smithsonian Contributions to Botany" pagination="1-1192" refId="B1" refString="Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Strong MT (2012) Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1–1192. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.98.1" title="Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies." volume="98" year="2012">Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; pers. obs. of
|
||
<collectionCode id="EC821187B3E84BB874E671B653C48A00">APS</collectionCode>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="CC81C01686F684ADB59B5C9DDCC38AAE" name="Grenada">Grenada</collectingCountry>
|
||
in 2016).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |