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<document id="77E39F6CF026381B8002D09A6CA06653" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2018.1506521" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4747249" ID-ZooBank="1C028676-CCD9-4654-A755-6ACA3BCE3E98" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1620670908261" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Ferretti, Nelson, Cavallo, Patricio, Chaparro, Juan C., Ríos-Tamayo, Duniesky, Seimon, Tracie A. &amp; West, Rick" docDate="2018" docId="FD618785AA75CA0A1BCDCD1DFB2566BD" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.52.29-30.1927-1984.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History (J. Nat. Hist.) 52 (29 - 30)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2018.1506521" docStyle="DocumentStyle:485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73.9:JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleId="485A7191CD41D6261F41521A3380DC73" docStyleName="JNatHist.2017-.journal_article.1cover" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Hapalotremus vilcanota Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West 2018, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="1978" masterDocId="0158FFFDAA44CA3E1A06C90AFFA66264" masterDocTitle="The Neotropical genus Hapalotremus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with the description of seven new species and the highest altitude record for the family" masterLastPageNumber="1984" masterPageNumber="1927" pageNumber="1975" updateTime="1698914576834" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="72EFB90698DBDC23A24FAD2A5FAE856E">The Neotropical genus Hapalotremus Simon, 1903 (Araneae: Theraphosidae), with the description of seven new species and the highest altitude record for the family</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8CCB55DBC105CFDD5BBADA82BFA1FE79">Ferretti, Nelson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F066F4403B154E888B78D1E85DBF53B3">Cavallo, Patricio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0BB42406184D9A45FC51B3509C3362B0">Chaparro, Juan C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7C0145F2E3C89B504EA17258D5CE1409">Ríos-Tamayo, Duniesky</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="BA80FE7BCB0D8598A387732F363B8808">Seimon, Tracie A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D5D3318E1BB2AF4E250A407137408460">West, Rick</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="29AFDD2AE07D7661377B2A4C84BDCE52">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:title id="7CE079E21432237BBE951D2BFAF0C119">J. Nat. Hist.</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="F9CF19E7C407AB65C86436A5D74F521B">2018-08-23</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9EF850147ED1FF3EFC751439B523EDEA">29 - 30</mods:number>
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<paragraph id="75773693AA75CA0F1BCDCD1DFCFF6654" blockId="49.[459,857,1047,1106]" box="[459,857,1047,1072]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">
<heading id="2E3F81FFAA75CA0F1BCDCD1DFCFF6654" box="[459,857,1047,1072]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA75CA0F1BCDCD1DFD556654" ID-CoL="3JKLY" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[459,755,1047,1072]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vilcanota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA75CA0F1BCDCD1DFD556654" bold="true" box="[459,755,1047,1072]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Hapalotremus vilcanota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA75CA0F18FACD1DFCFF6654" box="[764,857,1047,1072]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<subSubSection id="3DD26518AA75CA0F1BD6CD33FCF56636" box="[464,851,1081,1106]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" type="description">
<paragraph id="75773693AA75CA0F1BD6CD33FCF56636" blockId="49.[459,857,1047,1106]" box="[464,851,1081,1106]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">
(
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA75CA0F1BDECD33FDCE6636" box="[472,616,1081,1106]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1289,1312]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-139@6.[163,1152,142,1258]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. (af) Hapalotremus spp. Habitus. (a, b) Hapalotremus carabaya sp. nov., female holotype. (c, d) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female. (e) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female and juvenile (white arrow) found under the same stone. (f) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov. burrow. Photos: a, b, df: Tracie Seimon; c: Josh Richards." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747253/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Figures 2cf</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA75CA0F1871CD33FD6E6636" box="[631,712,1081,1106]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[163,1152,142,1634]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. (aj) Hapalotremus spp. habitat. (a) Escoipe River, next to route 33, Salta Province, Argentina, type locality of Hapalotremus martinorum. (b, c) Los Sosa River, next to route 307, Tucumán Province, Argentina, habitat of Hapalotremus chasqui sp. nov. (d, f) Cordillera Carabaya, Michi Michani Cunca, type locality of Hapalotremus carabaya sp. nov. (e, gj) Cordillera Vilcanota, Upis, type locality of Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov. Photos: a: Patricio Cavallo;b: Gabriel Pompozzi; c: Laura Montes de Oca; di: Tracie Seimon; j: Josh Richards." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747255/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">3e, gj</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA75CA0F18D0CD33FD556636" box="[726,755,1081,1106]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1024,1047]" captionTargetBox="[165,1152,142,993]" captionTargetId="figure-230@38.[163,1152,142,994]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 34. (ae) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0508677). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, ventral view. (d) Abdomen, dorsal view. (e) Abdomen, lateral view. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747332/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">34</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA75CA0F1904CD33FCB96636" box="[770,799,1081,1106]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1267,1290]" captionTargetBox="[163,1150,142,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-110@39.[163,1152,142,1236]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 35. (ae) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0508677). (a) Eyes, dorsal view. (b) Labium, ventral view. (c) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (d) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747334/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">35</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA75CA0F1928CD33FCED6636" box="[814,843,1081,1106]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="41.[160,225,846,869]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,815]" captionTargetId="figure-275@41.[163,1152,142,815]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 37. Distribution map of Hapalotremus species from Peru." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747338/files/figure.png" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">37</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DD26518AA75CA0F1AA6CD83FC9667FB" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="75773693AA75CA0F1AA6CD83FEE366C6" blockId="49.[160,1156,1161,1290]" box="[160,325,1161,1186]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA75CA0F1AA6CD83FEE366C6" bold="true" box="[160,325,1161,1186]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Type material</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA75CA0F1AA6CDA7FC86676E" blockId="49.[160,1156,1161,1290]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">
<materialsCitation id="C5A03CCEAA75CA0F1AA6CDA7FE1D6683" collectionCode="MUSM" country="Peru" county="Cordillera Vilcanota" elevation="4524" latitude="-13.7594" location="Female" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-71.2703" municipality="Upis" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" specimenCode="ENT 0508677" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<location id="70176048AA75CA0F1AA6CDA7FF5766A1" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD618785AA75CA0A1BCDCD1DFB2566BD:70176048AA75CA0F1AA6CDA7FF5766A1" box="[160,241,1197,1221]" country="Peru" county="Cordillera Vilcanota" latitude="-13.7594" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-71.2703" municipality="Upis" name="Female" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Female</location>
<typeStatus id="AA738831AA75CA0F1AFFCDA7FEFB66A1" box="[249,349,1197,1221]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<collectionCode id="13D9AE56AA75CA0F1B6CCDA7FE1366A1" box="[362,437,1197,1221]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">MUSM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="256E9EE8AA75CA0F1BC5CDA7FDFE66A1" box="[451,600,1197,1221]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">ENT 0508677</specimenCode>
) from
<collectingCountry id="0DDF7603AA75CA0F18A4CDA7FD7E66A1" box="[674,728,1197,1221]" name="Peru" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="9513ACE9AA75CA0F18E7CDA7FCB366A1" box="[737,789,1197,1221]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Upis</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="9C164E1FAA75CA0F1926CDA7FC5C66A1" box="[800,1018,1197,1221]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Cordillera Vilcanota</collectingCounty>
(-
<geoCoordinate id="10FC5054AA75CA0F1E08CDA7FB2666A1" box="[1038,1152,1197,1221]" degrees="13.7594" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" precision="5" value="-13.7594">13.7594 S</geoCoordinate>
, -
<geoCoordinate id="10FC5054AA75CA0F1AA0CDC5FE8E6683" box="[166,296,1231,1255]" degrees="71.2703" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" precision="5" value="-71.2703">71.2703 W</geoCoordinate>
),
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a
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<materialsCitation id="C5A03CCEAA75CA0F1BBDCDC5FE686683" box="[443,462,1231,1255]" collectionCode="MUSM" country="Peru" county="Cordillera Vilcanota" elevation="4524" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-13.7594" location="Female" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-71.2703" municipality="Upis" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">.s</materialsCitation>
.l.,
<date id="01761053AA75CA0F1BEDCDC5FDDF6683" box="[491,633,1231,1255]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" value="2006-07-04">4 July 2006</date>
, Tracie Seimon col
<materialsCitation id="C5A03CCEAA75CA0F1964CDC5FCBA676E" collectionCode="MUSM" country="Peru" county="Cordillera Vilcanota" elevation="4524" latitude="-13.7594" location="Female" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-71.2703" municipality="Upis" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" specimenCode="ENT 0508680, 0508681" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
.;
<specimenCount id="63CEFD1AAA75CA0F1971CDC5FBB86683" box="[887,1054,1231,1255]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" type="generic" typeStatus="paratypes">two paratypes</specimenCount>
females (
<collectionCode id="13D9AE56AA75CA0F1AA0CDF8FF57676E" box="[166,241,1266,1290]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">MUSM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="256E9EE8AA75CA0F1AF8CDF8FE30676E" box="[254,406,1266,1290]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">ENT 0508680</specimenCode>
,
<specimenCode id="256E9EE8AA75CA0F1BA7CDF8FDA3676E" box="[417,517,1266,1290]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">0508681</specimenCode>
), same data as holotype
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA75CA0F1AA6CC4BFDA3673E" blockId="49.[160,1156,1345,1439]" box="[160,517,1345,1370]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA75CA0F1AA6CC4BFDA3673E" bold="true" box="[160,517,1345,1370]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Additional material examined</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA75CA0F1AA6CC6FFC9667FB" blockId="49.[160,1156,1345,1439]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">
<materialsCitation id="C5A03CCEAA75CA0F1AA6CC6FFE0067FB" collectionCode="MUSM" country="Peru" county="Cordillera Vilcanota" elevation="4485" latitude="-13.7594" location="Immature" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-71.2703" municipality="Upis" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" specimenCode="ENT 0508679" specimenCount="1">
<location id="70176048AA75CA0F1AA6CC6FFEAB6719" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD618785AA75CA0A1BCDCD1DFB2566BD:70176048AA75CA0F1AA6CC6FFEAB6719" box="[160,269,1381,1405]" country="Peru" county="Cordillera Vilcanota" latitude="-13.7594" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-71.2703" municipality="Upis" name="Immature" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Immature</location>
(
<collectionCode id="13D9AE56AA75CA0F1B25CC6FFEC86719" box="[291,366,1381,1405]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">MUSM</collectionCode>
<specimenCode id="256E9EE8AA75CA0F1B7ACC6FFDBC6719" box="[380,538,1381,1405]" collectionCode="MUSM" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">ENT 0508679</specimenCode>
) from
<collectingCountry id="0DDF7603AA75CA0F1873CC6FFD0D6719" box="[629,683,1381,1405]" name="Peru" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Peru</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="9513ACE9AA75CA0F18B8CC6FFD546719" box="[702,754,1381,1405]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Upis</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="9C164E1FAA75CA0F1903CC6FFC4E6719" box="[773,1000,1381,1405]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Cordillera Vilcanota</collectingCounty>
(-
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, -
<geoCoordinate id="10FC5054AA75CA0F1AA0CC8DFE8567FB" box="[166,291,1415,1439]" degrees="71.2703" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" precision="5" value="-71.2703">71.2703 W</geoCoordinate>
),
<quantity id="B2309B76AA75CA0F1B33CC8DFE2D67FB" box="[309,395,1415,1439]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.485" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" unit="m" value="4485.0">
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</quantity>
a
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="C5A03CCEAA75CA0F1BA0CC8DFE1E67FB" box="[422,440,1415,1439]" collectionCode="MUSM" country="Peru" county="Cordillera Vilcanota" elevation="4485" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-13.7594" location="Immature" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-71.2703" municipality="Upis" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" specimenCount="1">.s</materialsCitation>
.l.,
<date id="01761053AA75CA0F1BD6CC8DFDF267FB" box="[464,596,1415,1439]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" value="2006-07-04">4 July 2006</date>
, Tracie Seimon col
<materialsCitation id="C5A03CCEAA75CA0F192ACC8DFC9667FB" box="[812,816,1415,1439]" collectionCode="MUSM" country="Peru" county="Cordillera Vilcanota" elevation="4485" isTailEnumeration="true" latitude="-13.7594" location="Immature" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="-71.2703" municipality="Upis" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" specimenCount="1">.</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DD26518AA75CA0F1AA6CCDCFF4264DB" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="75773693AA75CA0F1AA6CCDCFEBB678B" blockId="49.[160,1156,1494,1727]" box="[160,285,1494,1519]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA75CA0F1AA6CCDCFEBB678B" bold="true" box="[160,285,1494,1519]" italics="true" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Etymology</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA75CA0F1AA6CCF0FF4264DB" blockId="49.[160,1156,1494,1727]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">
<materialsCitation id="C5A03CCEAA75CA0F1AA6CCF0FC6A6433" collectorName="The &amp; Cordillera Vilcanota" country="Peru" location="Departments" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Puno">
<collectorName id="D83D5345AA75CA0F1AA6CCF0FF6F6476" box="[160,201,1530,1554]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">The</collectorName>
specific epithet refers to the
<typeStatus id="AA738831AA75CA0F181CCCF0FDEA6476" box="[538,588,1530,1554]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">type</typeStatus>
locality where this species was found and also to the
<collectorName id="D83D5345AA75CA0F1AD6CF17FE086451" box="[208,430,1565,1589]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Cordillera Vilcanota</collectorName>
which is a mountain chain located at southeastern
<collectingCountry id="0DDF7603AA75CA0F1E1CCF17FBE96451" box="[1050,1103,1565,1589]" name="Peru" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Peru</collectingCountry>
; the range extends for about
<quantity id="B2309B76AA75CA0F1BBFCF35FDAB6433" box="[441,525,1599,1623]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" unit="km" value="120.0">120 km</quantity>
through
<collectingRegion id="B70CF871AA75CA0F1871CF35FD176433" box="[631,689,1599,1623]" country="Peru" name="Puno" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Puno</collectingRegion>
and
<collectingRegion id="B70CF871AA75CA0F18EACF35FC896433" box="[748,815,1599,1623]" country="Peru" name="Cusco" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Cusco</collectingRegion>
<location id="70176048AA75CA0F1931CF35FC6A6433" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD618785AA75CA0A1BCDCD1DFB2566BD:70176048AA75CA0F1931CF35FC6A6433" box="[823,972,1599,1623]" country="Peru" name="Departments" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" stateProvince="Puno">Departments</location>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="C5A03CCEAA75CA0F19D1CF35FBC26408" collectorName="It" country="Peru" location="Peru" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="D83D5345AA75CA0F19D1CF35FC406433" box="[983,998,1599,1623]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">It</collectorName>
is the second largest snowy concentration in
<collectingCountry id="0DDF7603AA75CA0F180ACF68FDE4641E" box="[524,578,1634,1658]" name="Peru" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Peru</collectingCountry>
, with 469 glaciers in an area of about
<quantity id="B2309B76AA75CA0F1E03CF68FBFD641E" box="[1029,1115,1634,1658]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.18" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" unit="km" value="418.0">418 km</quantity>
<superScript id="82BD9BDBAA75CA0F1E5CCF56FBC26408" attach="left" box="[1114,1124,1628,1644]" fontSize="7" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">2</superScript>
</materialsCitation>
.
<materialsCitation id="C5A03CCEAA75CA0F1E72CF68FC0964F9" collectorName="It" country="Peru" elevation="6372" location="Ausangate" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" specimenCount="1">
<collectorName id="D83D5345AA75CA0F1E72CF68FB25641E" box="[1140,1155,1634,1658]" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">It</collectorName>
reaches its maximum altitude in the snowy
<location id="70176048AA75CA0F188ECF8FFCA464F9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD618785AA75CA0A1BCDCD1DFB2566BD:70176048AA75CA0F188ECF8FFCA464F9" box="[648,770,1669,1693]" country="Peru" name="Ausangate" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975">Ausangate</location>
, with
<quantity id="B2309B76AA75CA0F1945CF8FFC3164F9" box="[835,919,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.372" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" unit="m" value="6372.0">
<elevation id="FEE5D1A0AA75CA0F1945CF8FFC3164F9" box="[835,919,1669,1693]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.372" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" unit="m" value="6372.0">6372 m</elevation>
</quantity>
a
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="C5A03CCEAA75CA0F19A9CF8FFC6464F9" box="[943,962,1669,1693]" collectorName="It" country="Peru" elevation="6372" isTailEnumeration="true" location="Ausangate" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" specimenCount="1">.s</materialsCitation>
.l. (
<bibRefCitation id="11594B62AA75CA0F19DFCF8FFF7164DB" author="Salzmann N &amp; Huggel C &amp; Rohrer M &amp; Silverio W &amp; Mark BG &amp; Burns P &amp; Portocarrero C" pageId="49" pageNumber="1975" pagination="103 - 118" refId="ref24580" refString="Salzmann N, Huggel C, Rohrer M, Silverio W, Mark BG, Burns P, Portocarrero C. 2013. Glacier changes and climate trends derived from multiple sources in the data scarce Cordillera Vilcanota region, southern Peruvian Andes. The Cryosphere. 7: 103 - 118." type="journal article" year="2013">Salzmann et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DD26518AA76CA0C1AA6C984FBB463D8" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="75773693AA76CA0C1AA6C984FEB262C3" blockId="50.[160,1156,142,444]" box="[160,276,142,167]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA76CA0C1AA6C984FEB262C3" bold="true" box="[160,276,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Diagnosis</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA76CA0C1AA6C9B8FBB463D8" blockId="50.[160,1156,142,444]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">
Females of
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA76CA0C1B26C9B8FE0762AE" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[288,417,178,202]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vilcanota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA76CA0C1B26C9B8FE0762AE" box="[288,417,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">H. vilcanota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA76CA0C1BA1C9B8FE5862AE" box="[423,510,178,202]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
differ from those of the other species of
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA76CA0C19CEC9B8FBC762AE" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[968,1121,178,202]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA76CA0C19CEC9B8FBC762AE" box="[968,1121,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Hapalotremus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the colour pattern, with carapace dark with white setae on margins almost reaching cephalic area and on the fovea; legs and palp with dark femora, the remaining segments white and abdomen ventrally and laterally white almost to dorsal region (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA76CA0C19F0C810FBD86356" box="[1014,1150,282,306]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1289,1312]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-139@6.[163,1152,142,1258]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. (af) Hapalotremus spp. Habitus. (a, b) Hapalotremus carabaya sp. nov., female holotype. (c, d) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female. (e) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female and juvenile (white arrow) found under the same stone. (f) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov. burrow. Photos: a, b, df: Tracie Seimon; c: Josh Richards." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747253/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Figure 2c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA76CA0C1AA6C836FF456330" box="[160,227,316,340]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1024,1047]" captionTargetBox="[165,1152,142,993]" captionTargetId="figure-230@38.[163,1152,142,994]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 34. (ae) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0508677). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, ventral view. (d) Abdomen, dorsal view. (e) Abdomen, lateral view. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747332/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">34ae</figureCitation>
). Additionally, females of
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA76CA0C180CC836FD2B6330" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[522,653,316,340]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vilcanota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA76CA0C180CC836FD2B6330" box="[522,653,316,340]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">H. vilcanota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA76CA0C1893C836FD4B6330" box="[661,749,316,340]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be distinguished from those of all species by the spermathecae with basal portion wider than apical and with a noticeable constriction on median lateral area; apical median region domed, and apical lateral projections well developed and laterally located (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA76CA0C18D2C8AEFCEB63D8" box="[724,845,420,444]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1267,1290]" captionTargetBox="[163,1150,142,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-110@39.[163,1152,142,1236]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 35. (ae) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0508677). (a) Eyes, dorsal view. (b) Labium, ventral view. (c) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (d) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747334/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Figure 35e</figureCitation>
). Male unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DD26518AA76CA0D1AA6C8E3FB226356" lastPageId="51" lastPageNumber="1977" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976" type="description">
<paragraph id="75773693AA76CA0C1AA6C8E3FE806066" blockId="50.[160,1157,489,1727]" box="[160,294,489,514]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA76CA0C1AA6C8E3FE806066" bold="true" box="[160,294,489,514]" italics="true" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Description</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA76CA0C1AA6CB07FECA600E" blockId="50.[160,1157,489,1727]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">
<typeStatus id="AA738831AA76CA0C1AA6CB07FEA16041" box="[160,263,525,549]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
female (MUSMENT 0508677): Total length (not including chelicerae and spinnerets) 24.4. Carapace: length, 9.3; width 8.2. Abdomen: length 15.0. Fovea: procurved, width 2.0.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA76CA0C1AC6CB7FFEE46173" blockId="50.[160,1157,489,1727]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">
Colour pattern (live specimen): carapace dark, with whitish setae on margins reaching almost cephalic area and on the fovea; chelicerae with white setae; legs and palp with dark femora, the remaining segments white; abdomen dorsally black with red setae on urticating patch, abdomen ventrally and laterally white (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA76CA0C1AAECBF5FE926173" box="[168,308,767,791]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1289,1312]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-139@6.[163,1152,142,1258]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. (af) Hapalotremus spp. Habitus. (a, b) Hapalotremus carabaya sp. nov., female holotype. (c, d) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female. (e) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female and juvenile (white arrow) found under the same stone. (f) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov. burrow. Photos: a, b, df: Tracie Seimon; c: Josh Richards." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747253/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Figure 2c, d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA76CA0C1AC6CA28FCD16648" blockId="50.[160,1157,489,1727]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">
Eyes: anterior eye row procurved, posterior recurved. Eyes sizes and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.16, PME 0.20, PLE 0.12, AMEAME 0.26, AMEALE 0.09, PMEPME 0.52, PMEPLE 0.04, ALEPLE 0.13, Ocular tubercle: length, 1.0; width, 1.25. Clypeus: length, 0.15. Labium: length, 1.25; width, 2.25, with 12 cuspules (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA76CA0C1926CA80FC3E61C6" box="[800,920,906,930]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1267,1290]" captionTargetBox="[163,1150,142,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-110@39.[163,1152,142,1236]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 35. (ae) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0508677). (a) Eyes, dorsal view. (b) Labium, ventral view. (c) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (d) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747334/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Figure 35b</figureCitation>
). Maxillae: right with 126 cuspules, left with 117 cuspules. Sternum: length, 4.0; width, 4.1. Three pairs of sternal oval sigillae, first pair hardly visible, second and third pairs visible, third pair less than its length from the margin (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA76CA0C1819CAF8FD3F666E" box="[543,665,1010,1034]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1024,1047]" captionTargetBox="[165,1152,142,993]" captionTargetId="figure-230@38.[163,1152,142,994]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 34. (ae) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0508677). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, ventral view. (d) Abdomen, dorsal view. (e) Abdomen, lateral view. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747332/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Figure 34b</figureCitation>
). Chelicerae: with 13 well-developed teeth on promargin of furrow and 16 small teeth on the retromargin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA76CA0C1AC6CD3DFD2766BE" blockId="50.[160,1157,489,1727]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Leg formula: IV&gt; I&gt; II&gt; III. Length of legs and palpal segments (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, tarsus, total): I: 6.7, 4.6, 5.1, 4.5, 3.3, 24.2; II: 6.4, 4.0, 4.0, 3.8, 3.2, 21.4; III: 5.2, 3.2, 3.5, 4.1, 3.0, 19.0; IV: 6.9, 4.1, 5.4, 6.2, 3.2, 25.8; palp: 5.2, 3.2, 3.5, , 3.0, 14.9. Field of spiniform setae on basal retrolateral coxal face of palp and legs IIV. Spinnerets: PMS, 0.75 long; PLS, three-segmented, 4.0 long.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA76CA0C1AC6CDEEFED167CE" blockId="50.[160,1157,489,1727]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">
Scopulae: All tarsi densely scopulate and divided by conical long setae increasing in number from tarsus I to IV (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA76CA0C1BDFCC0DFDCD677B" box="[473,619,1287,1311]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1267,1290]" captionTargetBox="[163,1150,142,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-110@39.[163,1152,142,1236]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 35. (ae) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0508677). (a) Eyes, dorsal view. (b) Labium, ventral view. (c) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (d) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747334/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Figure 35c, d</figureCitation>
). Metatarsi I 1/2 scopulate divided by two rows of setae, II 1/2 scopulate divided by two rows of setae, III 1/3 scopulate divided by more than four rows of setae, IV with no scopulae. Dorsal face of all tarsi with two parallel rows of non-plumose clavate trichobothria interspersed with filiform, separated by a row of long, thin setae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA76CA0C1AC6CCBEFE6A6476" blockId="50.[160,1157,489,1727]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Chaetotaxy (left side): Femora of palp and Leg I, 1d. Patellae of Leg IV, 1v. Tibiae: palp 0; I 0; II 1v, III 3v, 2-1p, 1-1r; IV 2v, 1p, 1r. Metatarsi: I 2v; II 2v; III 1-2v, 2-1-2-2p, 1-1-1r; IV 2-2-3v, 1-1-1r. Tarsi: IIV 0.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA76CA0C1AC6CF16FC28641E" blockId="50.[160,1157,489,1727]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">
Genitalia: Single spermathecal receptacle with basal portion wider than apical and with noticeable constriction and bulge on median lateral area; apical median area domed and apical lateral projections well developed (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA76CA0C190FCF68FC24641E" box="[777,898,1634,1658]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1267,1290]" captionTargetBox="[163,1150,142,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-110@39.[163,1152,142,1236]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 35. (ae) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0508677). (a) Eyes, dorsal view. (b) Labium, ventral view. (c) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (d) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747334/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Figure 35e</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA76CA0C1AC6CF8EFE0264DB" blockId="50.[160,1157,489,1727]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">
Urticating setae:
<typeStatus id="AA738831AA76CA0C1B83CF8EFE1D64F8" box="[389,443,1668,1692]" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Type</typeStatus>
III present and arranged in one dorsal median patch on the abdomen (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA76CA0C1B1BCFADFE3164DB" box="[285,407,1703,1727]" captionStart="Figure 34" captionStartId="38.[160,225,1024,1047]" captionTargetBox="[165,1152,142,993]" captionTargetId="figure-230@38.[163,1152,142,994]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Figure 34. (ae) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0508677). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, ventral view. (d) Abdomen, dorsal view. (e) Abdomen, lateral view. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747332" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747332/files/figure.png" pageId="50" pageNumber="1976">Figure 34d</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AA6C984FEA862C3" blockId="51.[160,1156,142,306]" box="[160,270,142,167]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1AA6C984FEA862C3" bold="true" box="[160,270,142,167]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Variation</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AA6C9B8FB226356" blockId="51.[160,1156,142,306]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
Total length, females (
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1B9DC9B8FE0F62AE" box="[411,425,178,202]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">n</emphasis>
= 3): 24.425.4 (mean = 24.8 ± 0.5SD), carapace length, females: 9.311.1 (10.4 ± 0.9). Length of palp and legs, females: palp 12.514.9 (14.1 ± 1.3), I 22.5 24.6 (23.7 ± 1.1), II 20.122.4 (21.2 ± 1.05), III 17.224.2 (20.5 ± 3.5), IV 24.625.8 (25.1 ± 0.6). Labial cuspules, females 812, maxillary cuspules, right 91126, left 87124.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DD26518AA77CA0D1AA6C862FDBC61ED" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AA6C862FE6563E5" blockId="51.[160,1156,360,905]" box="[160,451,360,385]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1AA6C862FE6563E5" bold="true" box="[160,451,360,385]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AA6C886FDBC61ED" blockId="51.[160,1156,360,905]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
Known only from
<typeStatus id="AA738831AA77CA0D1B6FC886FE3D63C0" box="[361,411,396,420]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">type</typeStatus>
locality (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D1806C886FDCF63C0" box="[512,617,396,420]" captionStart="Figure 37" captionStartId="41.[160,225,846,869]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,815]" captionTargetId="figure-275@41.[163,1152,142,815]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 37. Distribution map of Hapalotremus species from Peru." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747338" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747338/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figure 37</figureCitation>
). This species was found living at about
<quantity id="B2309B76AA77CA0D1E29C886FB2563C0" box="[1071,1155,396,420]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" unit="m" value="4500.0">4500 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D1AE6C8A4FED863A2" box="[224,382,430,454]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="7.[160,225,1665,1688]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1634]" captionTargetId="figure-1@7.[163,1152,142,1634]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 3. (aj) Hapalotremus spp. habitat. (a) Escoipe River, next to route 33, Salta Province, Argentina, type locality of Hapalotremus martinorum. (b, c) Los Sosa River, next to route 307, Tucumán Province, Argentina, habitat of Hapalotremus chasqui sp. nov. (d, f) Cordillera Carabaya, Michi Michani Cunca, type locality of Hapalotremus carabaya sp. nov. (e, gj) Cordillera Vilcanota, Upis, type locality of Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov. Photos: a: Patricio Cavallo;b: Gabriel Pompozzi; c: Laura Montes de Oca; di: Tracie Seimon; j: Josh Richards." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747255" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747255/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figure 3e, gj</figureCitation>
). At this area, global elevation records have been documented for agricultural and flowering plants, orchids, amphibians, pelecypods and lizards (
<bibRefCitation id="11594B62AA77CA0D1E2BC8DBFEB26068" author="Seimon T &amp; Seimon A &amp; Daszak P" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" pagination="288 - 299" refId="ref24767" refString="Seimon T, Seimon A, Daszak P. 2007. Upward range extension of Andean anurans and chytridiomicosis to extreme elevations in response to tropical deglaciation. Glob Change Biol. 13: 288 - 299." type="journal article" year="2007">Seimon et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="11594B62AA77CA0D1B26C8FEFEF16068" author="Seimon T &amp; Seimon A &amp; Yager K &amp; Reider K &amp; Delgado A &amp; Sowell P &amp; Tupayachi A &amp; Konecky B &amp; McAloose D &amp; Halloy S" box="[288,343,500,524]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" pagination="1527 - 1540" refId="ref24805" refString="Seimon T, Seimon A, Yager K, Reider K, Delgado A, Sowell P, Tupayachi A, Konecky B, McAloose D, Halloy S. 2017. Long-term monitoring of tropical alpine habitat change, Andean anurans, and chytrid fungus in the Cordillera Vilcanota, Peru: Results from a decade of study. Ecol Evol. 7: 1527 - 1540." type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
). The Cordillera Vilcanota mountain range is among the highest in
<collectingCountry id="0DDF7603AA77CA0D1E4DC8FEFB276068" box="[1099,1153,500,524]" name="Peru" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Peru</collectingCountry>
, with the highest peak (Nevado Ausangate) at
<quantity id="B2309B76AA77CA0D18C2CB1CFCBB604A" box="[708,797,534,558]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.3839999999999995" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" unit="m" value="6384.0">6384 m</quantity>
a.s.l., and glaciers terminating around
<quantity id="B2309B76AA77CA0D1AFECB33FE376035" box="[248,401,569,593]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.85" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="4.7" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" unit="m" value="4850.0" valueMax="5000.0" valueMin="4700.0">47005000 m</quantity>
a.s.l. (
<bibRefCitation id="11594B62AA77CA0D1BD3CB33FD676035" author="Salzmann N &amp; Huggel C &amp; Rohrer M &amp; Silverio W &amp; Mark BG &amp; Burns P &amp; Portocarrero C" box="[469,705,569,593]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" pagination="103 - 118" refId="ref24580" refString="Salzmann N, Huggel C, Rohrer M, Silverio W, Mark BG, Burns P, Portocarrero C. 2013. Glacier changes and climate trends derived from multiple sources in the data scarce Cordillera Vilcanota region, southern Peruvian Andes. The Cryosphere. 7: 103 - 118." type="journal article" year="2013">Salzmann et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). Climatically, this area experiences two distinct seasons: a wet and warm (12°C higher) season during the summer in southern hemisphere (OctoberNovember to AprilMarch) and a dry and cold season (AprilMay to SeptemberOctober) (
<bibRefCitation id="11594B62AA77CA0D1BBDCBABFD3460DD" author="Rabatel A &amp; Francou B &amp; Soruco A &amp; Gomez J &amp; Caceres B &amp; Ceballos JL &amp; Basantes R &amp; Vuille M &amp; Sicart JE &amp; Huggel C" box="[443,658,673,697]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" pagination="81 - 102" refId="ref24463" refString="Rabatel A, Francou B, Soruco A, Gomez J, Caceres B, Ceballos JL, Basantes R, Vuille M, Sicart JE, Huggel C, et al. 2013. Current state of glaciers in the tropical Andes: a multi-century perspective on glacier evolution and climate change. Cryosphere. 7: 81 - 102." type="journal article" year="2013">Rabatel et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
). As a result, most of the precipitation falls during the warm and wet season (
<bibRefCitation id="11594B62AA77CA0D182ACBCEFC3660B8" author="Hanshaw MN &amp; Bookhagen B" box="[556,912,708,732]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" pagination="359 - 376" refId="ref23556" refString="Hanshaw MN, Bookhagen B. 2014. Glacial areas, lake areas, and snow lines from 1975 to 2012: status of the Cordillera Vilcanota, including the Quelccaya Ice Cap, northern central Andes, Peru. Cryosphere. 9: 359 - 376." type="journal article" year="2014">Hanshaw and Bookhagen 2014</bibRefCitation>
). High-alpine ecosystems are unique habitats with extreme conditions and at such elevations, atmospheric pressure is 5060% that of sea level, and plants are adapted to a lower CO
<subScript id="E94C34D6AA77CA0D19E7CA19FC4D6147" attach="left" box="[993,1003,787,803]" fontSize="7" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">2</subScript>
environment (
<bibRefCitation id="11594B62AA77CA0D1AA0CA26FE936120" author="Halloy SRP" box="[166,309,812,836]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" pagination="159 - 167" refId="ref23531" refString="Halloy SRP. 1981. La presion de anhidrido carbonico como limitante altitudinal de las plantas. Lilloa. 35: 159 - 167." type="journal article" year="1981">Halloy 1981</bibRefCitation>
). Specimens were observed in burrows constructed under big rocks (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D1AA1CA44FE886102" box="[167,302,846,870]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[160,225,1289,1312]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1258]" captionTargetId="figure-139@6.[163,1152,142,1258]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. (af) Hapalotremus spp. Habitus. (a, b) Hapalotremus carabaya sp. nov., female holotype. (c, d) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female. (e) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female and juvenile (white arrow) found under the same stone. (f) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov. burrow. Photos: a, b, df: Tracie Seimon; c: Josh Richards." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747253" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747253/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figure 2e, f</figureCitation>
). One adult female was found together with 27 early instar offspring in the same burrow on
<date id="01761053AA77CA0D1B94CA7BFDB061ED" box="[402,534,881,905]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" value="2006-07-04">4 July 2006</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="3DD26518AA77CA0A1AA6CAB5FB2566BD" lastPageId="52" lastPageNumber="1978" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" type="key">
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AA6CAB5FC9461BC" blockId="51.[160,1156,959,1053]" box="[160,818,959,984]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1AA6CAB5FC9461BC" bold="true" box="[160,818,959,984]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
Identification key to the species of male
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA77CA0D188CCAB5FC9461BC" ID-CoL="4TC9" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[650,818,959,984]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hapalotremus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AA6CAE9FE906679" blockId="51.[160,1156,959,1053]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
Males of
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA77CA0D1B06CAE9FED8619F" ID-CoL="3JKLQ" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[256,382,995,1019]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carabaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1B06CAE9FEB6619F" box="[256,272,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1B1ACAE9FED8619F" box="[284,382,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">carabaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA77CA0D1B85CAE9FE7F619F" box="[387,473,995,1019]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA77CA0D1BE7CAE9FD89619F" ID-CoL="3JKLT" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[481,559,995,1019]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1BE7CAE9FE57619F" box="[481,497,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1BFACAE9FD89619F" box="[508,559,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">kuka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA77CA0D1833CAE9FD2C619F" box="[565,650,995,1019]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
,
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA77CA0D1894CAE9FC84619F" ID-CoL="3JKLV" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[658,802,995,1019]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcapata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1894CAE9FD04619F" box="[658,674,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D18A8CAE9FC84619F" box="[686,802,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">marcapata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA77CA0D1921CAE9FCDD619F" box="[807,891,995,1019]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA77CA0D19A9CAE9FB8D619F" ID-CoL="3JKLY" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[943,1067,995,1019]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vilcanota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D19A9CAE9FC19619F" box="[943,959,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">H</emphasis>
.
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D19CDCAE9FB8D619F" box="[971,1067,995,1019]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">vilcanota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA77CA0D1E37CAE9FB22619F" box="[1073,1156,995,1019]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are unknown.
</paragraph>
<key id="015961A2AA77CA0D1AC6CD41FB256441" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<keyStep id="CE3C2E36AA77CA0D1AC6CD41FB2566CC" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AC6CD41FB2266E1" blockId="51.[192,1156,1099,1573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<keyLead id="CE3995A6AA77CA0D1AC6CD41FB2266E1" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
1. Presence of digitiform apophysis at basal tegulum of copulatory bulb (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D1AF7CD67FEC666E1" box="[241,352,1133,1157]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[160,225,985,1008]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetId="figure-272@12.[163,1153,142,954]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. (ad) Hapalotremus albipes, male from Botijlaca, Bolivia (AMNH). Male left palpal bulb. (a) Prolateral view. (b) Retrolateral view. (c) Dorsal view. (d) Ventral view. A, apical keel; DA, digitiform apophysis; PI, prolateral inferior keel; PS, prolateral superior keel. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747269/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figure 8b</figureCitation>
) .................................................................................................................................... 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AC6CD9AFB2566CC" blockId="51.[192,1156,1099,1573]" box="[192,1155,1168,1192]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<keyLead id="CE3995A6AA77CA0D1AC6CD9AFB2566CC" box="[192,1155,1168,1192]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
Absence of digitiform apophysis (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D186ECD9AFD4C66CC" box="[616,746,1168,1192]" captionStart="Figure 20" captionStartId="24.[160,225,1498,1521]" captionTargetBox="[163,1142,150,1467]" captionTargetId="figure-1@24.[163,1152,142,1467]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="Figure 20. (ad) Hapalotremus chasqui sp. nov., male holotype (MACN-Ar 36632). (a, b) Male right palpal bulb. (a) Retrolateral view. (b) Prolateral view. (c, d) Male palpal bulb and tibia. (c) Prolateral view. (d) Retrolateral view. Arrow indicates the rounded process. A, apical keel; PI, prolateral inferior keel; PS, prolateral superior keel. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Duniesky Ríos- Tamayo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747293/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figures 20a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D18FFCD9AFC8766CC" box="[761,801,1168,1192]" captionStart="Figure 31" captionStartId="35.[160,225,928,951]" captionTargetBox="[162,1150,143,886]" captionTargetId="figure-165@35.[162,1153,142,898]" captionTargetPageId="35" captionText="Figure 31. (ad) Hapalotremus perezmilesi sp. nov., male holotype right palpal bulb (MUBI). (a) Retrolateral view. (b) Prolateral view. (c) Dorsal view. (d) Ventral view. A, apical keel; PI, prolateral inferior keel; PS, prolateral superior keel. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747325" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747325/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">31a</figureCitation>
).......................................................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="CE3C2E36AA77CA0D1AC6CDB9FB226689" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AC6CDB9FB2266AF" blockId="51.[192,1156,1099,1573]" box="[192,1156,1203,1227]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<keyLead id="CE3995A6AA77CA0D1AC6CDB9FB2266AF" box="[192,1156,1203,1227]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
2. Numerous labial cuspules (usually more than 20) (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D1902CDB9FCDE66AF" box="[772,888,1203,1227]" captionStart="Figure 19" captionStartId="23.[160,225,1050,1073]" captionTargetBox="[163,1151,142,1018]" captionTargetId="figure-133@23.[163,1152,142,1019]" captionTargetPageId="23" captionText="Figure 19. (af) Hapalotremus chasqui sp. nov., male holotype (MACN-Ar 36632). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Eyes, dorsal view. (d) Palpal tibia, ventral view (arrow indicates the rounded process). (e) Leg I, lateral view. (f) Tibial apophysis, ventral view (arrow marks the second spine on branch). Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Duniesky Ríos-Tamayo." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747291" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747291/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figure 19b</figureCitation>
)........
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA77CA0D19B2CDB9FB8F66AF" ID-CoL="3JKLR" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[948,1065,1203,1227]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chasqui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D19B2CDB9FB8F66AF" bold="true" box="[948,1065,1203,1227]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">H. chasqui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA77CA0D1E36CDB9FB2266AF" box="[1072,1156,1203,1227]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AC6CDDFFB226689" blockId="51.[192,1156,1099,1573]" box="[192,1156,1237,1261]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<keyLead id="CE3995A6AA77CA0D1AC6CDDFFB226689" box="[192,1156,1237,1261]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
Few labial cuspules (about four to eight) (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D18CFCDDFFCE76689" box="[713,833,1237,1261]" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="34.[160,225,1331,1354]" captionTargetBox="[164,1152,143,1300]" captionTargetId="figure-52@34.[163,1152,142,1300]" captionTargetPageId="34" captionText="Figure 30. (ai) Hapalotremus perezmilesi sp. nov., male holotype (MUBI). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum,ventral view.(c) Abdomen,dorsalview.(d) Eyes,dorsal view.(e) Labium and maxillae,ventral view. (f) Tibial apophysis,ventral view.(g) Leg I, lateral view.(h) Palpal tibia,prolateral view.(i) Palpal tibia,ventral view. Arrows indicate the rounded process. Scale bars: ac: 5 mm. di: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747323" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747323/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figure 30e</figureCitation>
)... ...
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA77CA0D1978CDDFFB846689" ID-CoL="3JKLX" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[894,1058,1237,1261]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perezmilesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1978CDDFFB846689" bold="true" box="[894,1058,1237,1261]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">H. perezmilesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA77CA0D1E2DCDDFFB226689" box="[1067,1156,1237,1261]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="CE3C2E36AA77CA0D1AC6CDF2FB256757" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AC6CDF2FB256774" blockId="51.[192,1156,1099,1573]" box="[192,1155,1272,1296]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<keyLead id="CE3995A6AA77CA0D1AC6CDF2FB256774" box="[192,1155,1272,1296]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
3. Embolus with an accessory keel (AK) on tip (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D18E3CDF2FCDF6774" box="[741,889,1272,1296]" captionStart="Figure 14" captionStartId="18.[160,225,1095,1118]" captionTargetBox="[164,1153,143,1049]" captionTargetId="figure-131@18.[163,1153,142,1065]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="Figure 14. (ae) Hapalotremus martinorum, male holotype left palpal bulb (MLP 19152). (a) Prolateral view. (b) Retrolateral view. (c) Dorsal view. (d) Ventral view. (e) Embolus showing keels. A, apical keel; AK accessory keel; DA, digitiform apophysis; PI, prolateral inferior keel; PS, prolateral superior keel. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747281" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747281/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figure 14a, e</figureCitation>
)...... ......
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA77CA0D19D0CDF2FB256774" ID-CoL="3JKLW" authorityName=": Cavallo and Ferretti" authorityYear="2015" box="[982,1155,1272,1296]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martinorum">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D19D0CDF2FB256774" bold="true" box="[982,1155,1272,1296]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">H. martinorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AC6CC10FB256757" blockId="51.[192,1156,1099,1573]" box="[192,1155,1306,1331]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<keyLead id="CE3995A6AA77CA0D1AC6CC10FB256757" box="[192,1155,1306,1331]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977"> Embolus without an accessory keel on tip............................................................................ 4</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="CE3C2E36AA77CA0D1AC6CC37FB2567FF" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AC6CC37FB25671C" blockId="51.[192,1156,1099,1573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<keyLead id="CE3995A6AA77CA0D1AC6CC37FB25671C" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
4. Long spiniform setae on entire pro- and retrolateral coxal faces of legs IIV (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D1AF6CC6AFECD671C" box="[240,363,1376,1400]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="14.[160,225,826,849]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,795]" captionTargetId="figure-265@14.[163,1152,142,795]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figure 10. (ah) Hapalotremus major, male holotype (MCZ 142). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, dorsal view. (d) Eyes, dorsal view. (e) Labium and maxillae. (f) Tibial apophysis, ventral view. (g) Leg I, lateral view. (h) Tarsus IV, ventral view. Arrow indicates the spiniform setae on coxa. Scale bars: ac: 5 mm; dh: 1 mm. Photos: Rick West." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747273" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747273/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figure 10b</figureCitation>
, see also
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D1BDACC6AFDF0671C" box="[476,598,1376,1400]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1028,1051]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,997]" captionTargetId="figure-125@25.[163,1152,142,997]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. (ae) Hapalotremus chasqui sp. nov., female paratype (MACN-Ar 35596). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, dorsal view. (d) Detail of long spiniform setae on prolateral face of coxa I. (e) Abdomen, lateral view. Scale bars: ac, e: 5 mm; d: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747297/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figure 21d</figureCitation>
)..............................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA77CA0D1E1BCC6AFB25671C" ID-CoL="6LBKW" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1053,1155,1376,1400]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1E1BCC6AFB25671C" bold="true" box="[1053,1155,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">H. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AC6CC88FB2567FF" blockId="51.[192,1156,1099,1573]" box="[192,1155,1410,1435]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<keyLead id="CE3995A6AA77CA0D1AC6CC88FB2567FF" box="[192,1155,1410,1435]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977"> Absence of spiniform setae on coxae of legs ...................................................................... 5</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="CE3C2E36AA77CA0D1AC6CCAFFB256441" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AC6CCAFFB226784" blockId="51.[192,1156,1099,1573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<keyLead id="CE3995A6AA77CA0D1AC6CCAFFB226784" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
5. Embolus almost straight (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D1804CCAFFD3467D9" box="[514,658,1445,1469]" captionStart="Figure 24" captionStartId="28.[160,225,1006,1029]" captionTargetBox="[185,1151,142,965]" captionTargetId="figure-189@28.[163,1152,142,976]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Figure 24. (ae) Hapalotremus chespiritoi sp. nov., male holotype left palpal bulb (MUBI). (a) Prolateral view. (b) Retrolateral view. (c) Dorsal view. (d) Ventral view. (e) Embolus showing keels. A, apical keel; DA, digitiform apophysis; PI, prolateral inferior keel; PS, prolateral superior keel. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747307" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747307/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figure 24ad</figureCitation>
); tibia I as long as metatarsus I (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D19F0CCAFFBC267D9" box="[1014,1124,1445,1469]" captionStart="Figure 23" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1407,1430]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1377]" captionTargetId="figure-55@27.[163,1152,142,1377]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 23. (ai) Hapalotremus chespiritoi sp. nov., male holotype (MUBI). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, dorsal view. (d) Eyes, dorsal view. (e) Labium and maxillae, ventral view. (f) Leg I, lateral view. (g) Tibial apophysis, ventral view. (h) Palpal tibia, ventral view. (i) Palpal tibia, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate the rounded process. Scale bar: ac, g: 5 mm. df, hi: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747303" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747303/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figure 23f</figureCitation>
).... ..................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA77CA0D1994CCC2FB816784" ID-CoL="3JKLS" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[914,1063,1480,1504]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1994CCC2FB816784" bold="true" box="[914,1063,1480,1504]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">H. chespiritoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA77CA0D1E29CCC2FB226784" box="[1071,1156,1480,1504]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AC6CCE0FB256441" blockId="51.[192,1156,1099,1573]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<keyLead id="CE3995A6AA77CA0D1AC6CCE0FB256441" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
Embolus very curved (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D1BE1CCE1FDCB6467" box="[487,621,1514,1539]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="12.[160,225,985,1008]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,952]" captionTargetId="figure-272@12.[163,1153,142,954]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 8. (ad) Hapalotremus albipes, male from Botijlaca, Bolivia (AMNH). Male left palpal bulb. (a) Prolateral view. (b) Retrolateral view. (c) Dorsal view. (d) Ventral view. A, apical keel; DA, digitiform apophysis; PI, prolateral inferior keel; PS, prolateral superior keel. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747269" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747269/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figure 8ad</figureCitation>
); tibia I shorter than metatarsus I (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D19FACCE1FBCE6467" box="[1020,1128,1515,1539]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1453,1476]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1423]" captionTargetId="figure-52@11.[163,1152,142,1423]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 7. (ai) Hapalotremus albipes, male from Botijlaca, Bolivia (AMNH). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, dorsal view. (d) Abdomen, ventral view. (e) Labium and maxillae, ventral view. (f) Tibial apophysis, ventral view. (g) Leg I, lateral view. (h) Palpal tibia, ventral view. (i) Palpal tibia, retrolateral view. Arrows indicate the rounded process. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747267" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747267/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
Figure
<quantity id="B2309B76AA77CA0D1E4ACCE1FBCE6467" box="[1100,1128,1515,1539]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="7.0" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" unit="g" value="7.0">7g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
)... ................................................................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA77CA0D1E08CF07FB256441" ID-CoL="3JKLP" authorityName=": Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[1038,1155,1549,1573]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipes">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1E08CF07FB256441" bold="true" box="[1038,1155,1549,1573]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">H. albipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
<paragraph id="75773693AA77CA0D1AA6CF6BFB2564DB" blockId="51.[160,1155,1633,1727]" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA77CA0D1AA6CF6BFCEE641E" bold="true" box="[160,840,1633,1658]" italics="true" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">
Identification key to the species of female
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA77CA0D18A6CF6BFCEE641E" ID-CoL="4TC9" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[672,840,1633,1658]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Hapalotremus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
1. Presence of long spiniform setae on entire pro- and retrolateral coxal faces of legs IIV (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA77CA0D1AE7CFADFED664DB" box="[225,368,1703,1727]" captionStart="Figure 21" captionStartId="25.[160,225,1028,1051]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,997]" captionTargetId="figure-125@25.[163,1152,142,997]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 21. (ae) Hapalotremus chasqui sp. nov., female paratype (MACN-Ar 35596). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, dorsal view. (d) Detail of long spiniform setae on prolateral face of coxa I. (e) Abdomen, lateral view. Scale bars: ac, e: 5 mm; d: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747297/files/figure.png" pageId="51" pageNumber="1977">Figure 21b, d</figureCitation>
)....................................................................................................................................................... 2
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6C984FB2562C2" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" box="[192,1155,142,166]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978"> Absence of such spiniform setae.................................................................................................. 3</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6C9BBFB25636A" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
2. Reduced number of labial cuspules (about five) (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A1904C9BBFCDD62AD" box="[770,891,177,201]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="16.[160,225,782,805]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,751]" captionTargetId="figure-294@16.[163,1152,142,751]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 12. (ag) Hapalotremus major, female paratype (MCZ 143). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Eyes, dorsal view. (d) Labium and maxillae. (e) Abdomen, dorsal view. (f) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (g) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bars: ab, e: 5 mm; cd, fg: 1 mm. Photos: Rick West." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747277/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">Figure 12d</figureCitation>
); basal portion of spermathecae narrower than apical region and lateral projections slightly developed (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A1AE5C9FCFEFC636A" box="[227,346,246,270]" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="16.[160,225,782,805]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,751]" captionTargetId="figure-294@16.[163,1152,142,751]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="Figure 12. (ag) Hapalotremus major, female paratype (MCZ 143). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Eyes, dorsal view. (d) Labium and maxillae. (e) Abdomen, dorsal view. (f) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (g) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bars: ab, e: 5 mm; cd, fg: 1 mm. Photos: Rick West." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747277" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747277/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
Figure
<quantity id="B2309B76AA70CA0A1B37C9FCFEFC636A" box="[305,346,246,270]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="1.2" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" unit="g" value="12.0">12g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
)................................................................. .................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA70CA0A1E19C9FCFB25636A" ID-CoL="6LBKW" baseAuthorityName="Chamberlin" baseAuthorityYear="1916" box="[1055,1155,246,270]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA70CA0A1E19C9FCFB25636A" bold="true" box="[1055,1155,246,270]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">H. major</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6C813FB226312" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
Numerous labial cuspules (about 25) (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A1895C813FCAA6355" box="[659,780,281,305]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1303,1326]" captionTargetBox="[163,1150,142,1272]" captionTargetId="figure-83@26.[163,1152,142,1272]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 22. (ae) Hapalotremus chasqui sp. nov., female paratype (MACN-Ar 35596). (a) Labium, ventral view. (b) Eyes, dorsal view. (c) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (d) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747299/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">Figure 22a</figureCitation>
); basal portion of spermathecae wider than apical region (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A1801C836FD276330" box="[519,641,316,340]" captionStart="Figure 22" captionStartId="26.[160,225,1303,1326]" captionTargetBox="[163,1150,142,1272]" captionTargetId="figure-83@26.[163,1152,142,1272]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 22. (ae) Hapalotremus chasqui sp. nov., female paratype (MACN-Ar 35596). (a) Labium, ventral view. (b) Eyes, dorsal view. (c) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (d) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747299" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747299/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">Figure 22e</figureCitation>
) and lateral projections well developed and located apically................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA70CA0A19AEC854FB846312" ID-CoL="3JKLR" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[936,1058,350,374]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chasqui" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA70CA0A19AEC854FB846312" bold="true" box="[936,1058,350,374]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">H. chasqui</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA70CA0A1E2DC854FB226312" box="[1067,1156,350,374]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6C88BFB2563FD" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" box="[192,1155,385,409]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">3. Reduced number of labial cuspules (less than 20), usually between 5 and 15 ............. 4</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6C8A9FB2563D8" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" box="[192,1155,419,444]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978"> Large number of labial cuspules (more than 20) .................................................................. 9</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6C8CCFB2263BA" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" box="[192,1156,454,478]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
4. Femora of palp and legs IIV bearing one dorsal spine........
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA70CA0A1984C8CCFB8563BA" ID-CoL="3JKLV" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[898,1059,454,478]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marcapata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA70CA0A1984C8CCFB8563BA" bold="true" box="[898,1059,454,478]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">H. marcapata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA70CA0A1E2DC8CCFB2263BA" box="[1067,1156,454,478]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6C8E3FB256065" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" box="[192,1155,489,513]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978"> Femora of palp and legs IIV without dorsal spine ............................................................. 5</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6CB06FB22600D" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
5. Spermathecae of female with one additional well-developed apical median projection with a long thin wavy groove extending downward dorsal median region from this projection (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A1B89CB5BFDBB600D" box="[399,541,593,617]" captionStart="Figure 18" captionStartId="22.[160,225,1143,1166]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,142,1112]" captionTargetId="figure-198@22.[163,1152,142,1112]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="Figure 18. (af) Hapalotremus carabaya sp. nov., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0508676). (a) Eyes, dorsal view. (b) Labium, ventral view. (c) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (d) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. (f) Spermathecae, ventral view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747289/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">Figure 18ef</figureCitation>
)................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA70CA0A1992CB5BFB85600D" ID-CoL="3JKLQ" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[916,1059,593,617]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="carabaya" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA70CA0A1992CB5BFB85600D" bold="true" box="[916,1059,593,617]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">H. carabaya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA70CA0A1E2DCB5BFB22600D" box="[1067,1156,593,617]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6CB79FB2560EF" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" box="[192,1155,627,651]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978"> Spermathecae of female without additional projection..................................................... 6</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6CB9CFB2560B5" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
6. Spermathecae of female with apical lateral projections well developed (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A19FBCB9CFBD860CA" box="[1021,1150,662,686]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="30.[160,225,1301,1324]" captionTargetBox="[163,1151,142,1271]" captionTargetId="figure-71@30.[163,1152,142,1271]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 26. (ae) Hapalotremus chespiritoi sp. nov., female paratype (MUBI). (a) Labium, ventral view. (b) Eyes, dorsal view. (c) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (d) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747313/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">Figures 26e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A1ADCCBB3FEA560B5" box="[218,259,697,721]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1267,1290]" captionTargetBox="[163,1150,142,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-110@39.[163,1152,142,1236]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 35. (ae) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0508677). (a) Eyes, dorsal view. (b) Labium, ventral view. (c) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (d) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747334/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">35e</figureCitation>
)............................................................................................................................................................ 7
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6CBD1FB226172" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
Spermathecae of female with apical lateral projections slightly developed or almost inconspicuous (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A1B8ACBF4FE5C6172" box="[396,506,766,790]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1252,1275]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-131@13.[163,1152,142,1221]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 9. (aj) Hapalotremus albipes, female from La Paz, Bolivia (MHNCB). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, dorsal view. (d) Abdomen, ventral view. (e) Abdomen, lateral view. (f) Labium and maxillae, ventral view. (g) Eyes, dorsal view. (h) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (i) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (j) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bars: ae: 5 mm; fj: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747271/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">Figures 9j</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A180ECBF4FD976172" box="[520,561,766,790]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="37.[160,225,1221,1244]" captionTargetBox="[163,1150,142,1190]" captionTargetId="figure-155@37.[163,1152,142,1190]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 33. (ae) Hapalotremus perezmilesi sp. nov., female paratype (MUBI). (a) Labium, ventral view. (b) Eyes, dorsal view. (c) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (d) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747330/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">33e</figureCitation>
) ..................................................................................................... 8
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6CA2BFB22613F" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
7. Small body size (less than
<quantity id="B2309B76AA70CA0A180CCA2BFDFA615D" box="[522,604,801,825]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
in total length); spermathecae with a noticeable constriction and bulge on median lateral area (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A18D1CA49FCEE613F" box="[727,840,835,859]" captionStart="Figure 35" captionStartId="39.[160,225,1267,1290]" captionTargetBox="[163,1150,142,1236]" captionTargetId="figure-110@39.[163,1152,142,1236]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="Figure 35. (ae) Hapalotremus vilcanota sp. nov., female holotype (MUSM-ENT 0508677). (a) Eyes, dorsal view. (b) Labium, ventral view. (c) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (d) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747334" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747334/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">Figure 35e</figureCitation>
)..............
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA70CA0A19A5CA49FB8C613F" ID-CoL="3JKLY" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[931,1066,835,859]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="vilcanota" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA70CA0A19A5CA49FB8C613F" bold="true" box="[931,1066,835,859]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">H. vilcanota</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA70CA0A1E36CA49FB22613F" box="[1072,1156,835,859]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6CA6CFB2261C5" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
Larger body size (about
<quantity id="B2309B76AA70CA0A180CCA6CFDC6611A" box="[522,608,870,894]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
in total length); spermathecae without such constriction and bulge on median lateral area (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A18F0CA83FCC861C5" box="[758,878,905,929]" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="30.[160,225,1301,1324]" captionTargetBox="[163,1151,142,1271]" captionTargetId="figure-71@30.[163,1152,142,1271]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="Figure 26. (ae) Hapalotremus chespiritoi sp. nov., female paratype (MUBI). (a) Labium, ventral view. (b) Eyes, dorsal view. (c) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (d) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747313" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747313/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">Figure 26e</figureCitation>
)
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA70CA0A198ECA83FB8461C5" ID-CoL="3JKLS" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[904,1058,905,929]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="chespiritoi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA70CA0A198ECA83FB8461C5" bold="true" box="[904,1058,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">H. chespiritoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA70CA0A1E2DCA83FB2261C5" box="[1067,1156,905,929]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6CAA1FB226182" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
8. Abdomen dark without white spots; spermathecae oblong with apical lateral projections almost inconspicuous (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A1861CAC4FD796182" box="[615,735,974,998]" captionStart="Figure 33" captionStartId="37.[160,225,1221,1244]" captionTargetBox="[163,1150,142,1190]" captionTargetId="figure-155@37.[163,1152,142,1190]" captionTargetPageId="37" captionText="Figure 33. (ae) Hapalotremus perezmilesi sp. nov., female paratype (MUBI). (a) Labium, ventral view. (b) Eyes, dorsal view. (c) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (d) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747330" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747330/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">Figure 33e</figureCitation>
)............ ............
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA70CA0A1978CAC4FB846182" ID-CoL="3JKLX" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[894,1058,974,998]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="perezmilesi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA70CA0A1978CAC4FB846182" bold="true" box="[894,1058,974,998]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">H. perezmilesi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA70CA0A1E2DCAC4FB226182" box="[1067,1156,974,998]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6CAFBFB25662A" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
Abdomen dark with two or three white spots, largest spot arrow-shaped, and three or four posterior lateral white lines (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A1882CD19FD48664F" box="[644,750,1043,1067]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1252,1275]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-131@13.[163,1152,142,1221]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 9. (aj) Hapalotremus albipes, female from La Paz, Bolivia (MHNCB). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, dorsal view. (d) Abdomen, ventral view. (e) Abdomen, lateral view. (f) Labium and maxillae, ventral view. (g) Eyes, dorsal view. (h) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (i) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (j) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bars: ae: 5 mm; fj: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747271/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">Figure 9c</figureCitation>
); spermathecae with basal portion wider than apical (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A1BB6CD3CFDB5662A" box="[432,531,1078,1102]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1252,1275]" captionTargetBox="[163,1152,143,1221]" captionTargetId="figure-131@13.[163,1152,142,1221]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 9. (aj) Hapalotremus albipes, female from La Paz, Bolivia (MHNCB). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, dorsal view. (d) Abdomen, ventral view. (e) Abdomen, lateral view. (f) Labium and maxillae, ventral view. (g) Eyes, dorsal view. (h) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (i) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (j) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bars: ae: 5 mm; fj: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747271" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747271/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">Figure 9j</figureCitation>
)........................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA70CA0A1E08CD3CFB25662A" ID-CoL="3JKLP" authorityName=": Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[1038,1155,1078,1102]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="albipes">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA70CA0A1E08CD3CFB25662A" bold="true" box="[1038,1155,1078,1102]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">H. albipes</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6CD53FB2266F7" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
9. Spermathecae with lateral projections well-developed and apically oriented (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A1AE5CD71FEFB66F7" box="[227,349,1147,1171]" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="31.[160,225,771,794]" captionTargetBox="[163,1151,142,740]" captionTargetId="figure-291@31.[163,1152,142,740]" captionTargetPageId="31" captionText="Figure 27. (ag) Hapalotremus kuka sp. nov., female holotype (AMNH). (a) Carapace, dorsal view. (b) Sternum, ventral view. (c) Abdomen, dorsal view. (d) Eyes, dorsal view. (e) Labium and maxillae, ventral view. (f) Metatarsus and tarsus IV, lateral view. (g) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Arrow indicates the scopulae on ventral metatarsus IV. Scale bars: ac: 5 mm. dg: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747315/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
Figure
<quantity id="B2309B76AA70CA0A1B35CD71FEFB66F7" box="[307,349,1147,1171]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="2.7" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" unit="g" value="27.0">27g</quantity>
</figureCitation>
)............................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA70CA0A19C1CD71FB8566F7" ID-CoL="3JKLT" authority="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West, 2018" authorityName="Ferretti &amp; Cavallo &amp; Chaparro &amp; Ríos-Tamayo &amp; Seimon &amp; West" authorityYear="2018" box="[967,1059,1147,1171]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="kuka" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA70CA0A19C1CD71FB8566F7" bold="true" box="[967,1059,1147,1171]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">H. kuka</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5C8F57FAAA70CA0A1E2DCD71FB2266F7" box="[1067,1156,1147,1171]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="75773693AA70CA0A1AC6CD94FB2566BD" blockId="52.[192,1156,142,1241]" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">
Spermathecae with lateral projections less developed and laterally oriented (
<figureCitation id="EDF32A16AA70CA0A1AE4CDCBFEFC66BD" box="[226,346,1217,1241]" captionStart="Figure 16" captionStartId="20.[160,225,1355,1378]" captionTargetBox="[163,1151,142,1324]" captionTargetId="figure-111@20.[163,1152,142,1324]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="Figure 16. (ae) Hapalotremus martinorum, female paratype (MLP 19153). (a) Labium, ventral view. (b) Eyes, dorsal view. (c) Tarsus IV, prolateral view. (d) Tarsus IV, ventral view. (e) Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm. Photos: Nelson Ferretti." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4747285" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4747285/files/figure.png" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">Figure 16e</figureCitation>
)....................................................... .......................................................
<taxonomicName id="B2C84D10AA70CA0A19D0CDCBFB2566BD" ID-CoL="3JKLW" authorityName=": Cavallo and Ferretti" authorityYear="2015" box="[982,1155,1217,1241]" class="Arachnida" family="Theraphosidae" genus="Hapalotremus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="martinorum">
<emphasis id="47BCEA81AA70CA0A19D0CDCBFB2566BD" bold="true" box="[982,1155,1217,1241]" italics="true" pageId="52" pageNumber="1978">H. martinorum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>