283 lines
46 KiB
XML
283 lines
46 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="6B90B278C6FCE2DCA209419BFFF6F3C8">A new genus and species of enigmatic gorgonian coral from the Ryukyu Archipelago northwestern Pacific, with a discussion of calcaxonian systematics (Cnidaria Anthozoa, Octocorallia)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="0C9597EB24287865A632A9ED03E14838">Williams, Gary C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8E1B1762F5835E6185B05E38266F0140">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="D106587A10757DDD01044B550E670C29">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C5264F208BC2274797872C3B86F22AED">2019-12-02</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D3B03E73C605F0C9E69655805BF72D33">4701</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3254AF8187085D4D753A48BAE1FA6707" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4701.5.2</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="FD0387A13419FF9DFF18FC73B636FEF3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="160611859" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0387A13419FF9DFF18FC73B636FEF3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FD0387A13419FF9DFF18FC73B636FEF3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
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<subSubSection id="3DB0653C3419FF96FF18FC73B629FC1C" box="[151,589,981,1008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF18FC73B629FC1C" blockId="2.[151,589,981,1043]" box="[151,589,981,1008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
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<heading id="2E5D81DB3419FF96FF18FC73B629FC1C" bold="true" box="[151,589,981,1008]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF18FC73B629FC1C" bold="true" box="[151,589,981,1008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
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<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D343419FF96FF18FC73B58CFC1C" ID-CoL="866VF" authority="Williams, 2019" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[151,488,981,1008]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF18FC73B58CFC1C" bold="true" box="[151,488,981,1008]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="5CED57DE3419FF96FE60FC70B629FC1C" box="[495,589,982,1008]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3DB0653C3419FF96FF18FC5FB559FBFF" box="[151,317,1017,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="description">
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<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF18FC5FB559FBFF" blockId="2.[151,589,981,1043]" box="[151,317,1017,1043]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
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(
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<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FF10FC5FB56FFBFF" box="[159,267,1017,1043]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStart-6="FIGURE 7" captionStart-7="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1906,1931]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1745,1770]" captionStartId-2="5.[151,250,1889,1914]" captionStartId-3="6.[151,250,1977,2002]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1958,1983]" captionStartId-5="8.[151,250,1742,1767]" captionStartId-6="9.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionStartId-7="10.[151,250,1016,1041]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,229,1813]" captionTargetBox-3="[151,1436,206,1919]" captionTargetBox-4="[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetBox-5="[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetBox-6="[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetBox-7="[210,1372,192,980]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetId-2="figure@5.[151,1436,229,1813]" captionTargetId-3="figure@6.[151,1436,206,1919]" captionTargetId-4="figure@7.[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetId-5="figure@8.[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetId-6="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetId-7="figure@10.[188,1400,174,997]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionTargetPageId-2="5" captionTargetPageId-3="6" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionTargetPageId-6="9" captionTargetPageId-7="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. A. Two photographic views of the entire holotype; scale bar=45 mm. B–C. Dissecting microscope views of external morphology. B. Two views of a portion of the colony showing placement of polyp mounds; scale bar=2.50 mm. C. Details of surface of colony showing polyp mounds and partially exserted polyps; scale bar=2.50 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. A. Scanning electron micrograph of a portion of the polypary showing a single polyp mound, and sclerites of the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.4 mm. B–C. Two photographic views of a portion of the polypary; scale for B=1.0 mm; scale bar for C=2.5 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of morphological features. A. A portion of the external surface of the holotype showing a polyp mound (center) and dense arrangement of sclerites in the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=1.0 mm. B–D. Oblique views of portions of the axis showing distinctive quadrangular shape in transverse section, and solid calcified material distributed throughout the axial interior; scale bars=0.2 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of axial structure. A–B. Longitudinal views of two portions of axis; scale bar=1.0 mm. C. Transverse section of axial portion in A; scale bar=0.2 mm." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme—elongated spindles with median waists; scale bar=0.10 mm." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme—radiates; scale bar=0.05 mm." captionText-6="FIGURE 7. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites. A. Sclerites from the surface coenenchyme. B. Sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.05 mm." captionText-7="FIGURE 8. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Camera lucida illustrations of polyp sclerites (rod-like structures presumably from the tentacles); scale bar=0.02 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559363" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559365" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559367" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559369" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559371" figureDoi-5="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559373" figureDoi-6="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559375" figureDoi-7="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559377" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3559363/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3559365/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3559367/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3559369/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/3559371/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/3559373/files/figure.png" httpUri-6="https://zenodo.org/record/3559375/files/figure.png" httpUri-7="https://zenodo.org/record/3559377/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 1–8</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FE98FC5FB550FBFF" box="[279,308,1017,1043]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1862,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,841,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,841,1843]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map of a portion of the eastern Pacific, Ryukyu Archipelago, and Okinawa; arrows point to the type locality of Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559381/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">10</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3DB0653C3419FF96FF18FBE7B776FB4F" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF18FBE7B776FB4F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1089,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF18FBE7B500FBB0" bold="true" box="[151,356,1089,1116]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Species diagnosis</emphasis>
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. Colonies unbranched, flagelliform/filiform, coiled. Axis quadrate in cross-section. Polyps generally arranged biserially and alternately placed along polypary. Sclerites are tuberculated spindles and capstans. Sclerite color appears white due to lack of pigmentation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3DB0653C3419FF96FF48FB08B083FAE3" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF48FB08B083FAE3" blockId="2.[151,1437,1089,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
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<materialsCitation id="C5C23CEA3419FF96FF48FB08B083FAE3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2556252286" collectingDate="1995-04-29" collectionCode="CAS" collectorName="Robert F. Bolland" country="China" county="East" elevation="72" latitude="127.0" location="Ryukyu Islands" municipality="Sea" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" specimenCode="CAS 216391" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Okinawa" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48FB08B510FB24" bold="true" box="[199,372,1197,1224]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Type material.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="AA1188153419FF96FEF5FB0BB582FB2B" box="[378,486,1197,1223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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<specimenCode id="250C9ECC3419FF96FE60FB0BB6E6FB2B" box="[495,642,1197,1223]" collectionCode="CAS" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="Museum">CAS 216391</specimenCode>
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,
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<collectingCounty id="9C744E3B3419FF96FD03FB08B6D8FB24" box="[652,700,1198,1224]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">East</collectingCounty>
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<collectingCountry id="0DBD76273419FF96FD4DFB0BB761FB2B" box="[706,773,1197,1223]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">China</collectingCountry>
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<collectingMunicipality id="9571ACCD3419FF96FC84FB0BB752FB2B" box="[779,822,1197,1223]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Sea</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="0DBD76273419FF96FCCEFB08B7E0FB24" box="[833,900,1198,1224]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Japan</collectingCountry>
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,
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<location id="7075606C3419FF96FC02FB0BB059FB2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0387A13419FF9DFF18FC73B636FEF3:7075606C3419FF96FC02FB0BB059FB2B" box="[909,1085,1197,1223]" country="China" county="East" latitude="127.0" municipality="Sea" name="Ryukyu Islands" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" stateProvince="Okinawa">Ryukyu Islands</location>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="B76EF8553419FF96FBC8FB0BB0CBFB2B" box="[1095,1199,1197,1223]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
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,
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<location id="7075606C3419FF96FB36FB0BB10BFB2B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FD0387A13419FF9DFF18FC73B636FEF3:7075606C3419FF96FB36FB0BB10BFB2B" box="[1209,1391,1197,1223]" country="China" county="East" latitude="127.0" municipality="Sea" name="Seragaki Tombs" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" stateProvince="Okinawa">Seragaki Tombs</location>
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,
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<locationDeviation id="64A72F953419FF96FAF6FB0BB5E0FB07" location="Maeki-zaki" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
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<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FAF6FB0BB4DFFB07" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="km" value="1.3">1.3 km</quantity>
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ENE Maeki-zaki
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</locationDeviation>
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; 26.00° 30.40’
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<geoCoordinate id="109E50703419FF96FDBFFB74B6C0FB07" box="[560,676,1233,1260]" degrees="127.00" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" precision="555" value="127.0">N 127.00°</geoCoordinate>
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52.60’ E;
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<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FC94FB77B713FB00" box="[795,887,1233,1260]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.165" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="m" value="71.65">
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<elevation id="FE87D1843419FF96FC94FB77B713FB00" box="[795,887,1233,1260]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.165" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="m" value="71.65">71.65 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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(
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||
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FC08FB77B7B7FB00" box="[903,979,1233,1260]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1628" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="ft" value="235.0">
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<elevation id="FE87D1843419FF96FC08FB77B7B7FB00" box="[903,979,1233,1260]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.1628" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="ft" value="235.0">235 ft.</elevation>
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</quantity>
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) in depth;
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<date id="011410773419FF96FBC1FB77B08AFB00" box="[1102,1262,1233,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" value="1995-04-29">
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||
<collectingDate id="1150E99F3419FF96FBC1FB77B08AFB00" box="[1102,1262,1233,1260]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" value="1995-04-29">29 April 1995</collectingDate>
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</date>
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; coll.
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<collectorName id="D85F53613419FF96FABBFB77B497FAE3" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Robert F. Bolland</collectorName>
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; originally fixed in 75% ethanol, wet-preserved in 95% ethanol; one colony in two pieces.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="3DB0653C3419FF96FF48FABFB64EF833" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF48FABFB675FAD8" blockId="2.[151,1437,1089,2016]" box="[199,529,1305,1332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
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||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48FABFB66EFAD8" bold="true" box="[199,522,1305,1332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
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Description of the
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<typeStatus id="AA1188153419FF96FE2CFABCB66EFAD8" box="[419,522,1306,1332]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF48FA98B56FFA2F" blockId="2.[151,1437,1089,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
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<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48FA98B632FAB4" bold="true" box="[199,598,1341,1368]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
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External Morphology (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FE55FA9BB623FAB4" box="[474,583,1341,1368]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1906,1931]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1745,1770]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. A. Two photographic views of the entire holotype; scale bar=45 mm. B–C. Dissecting microscope views of external morphology. B. Two views of a portion of the colony showing placement of polyp mounds; scale bar=2.50 mm. C. Details of surface of colony showing polyp mounds and partially exserted polyps; scale bar=2.50 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. A. Scanning electron micrograph of a portion of the polypary showing a single polyp mound, and sclerites of the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.4 mm. B–C. Two photographic views of a portion of the polypary; scale for B=1.0 mm; scale bar for C=2.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559363" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559365" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3559363/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3559365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The colony is flagelliform and spirally coiled, ca.
|
||
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FB01FA9BB088FAB4" box="[1166,1260,1341,1368]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="400.0">400 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length and <
|
||
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FF18FAC7B4BDFA90" box="[151,217,1377,1404]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter. A holdfast is absent—either the specimen is partial and the holdfast is missing, or the species is “free-living” and lacks a holdfast altogether as is the case in some other filiform gorgonians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="113B4B463419FF96FB29FA23B1F3FA73" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[1190,1431,1413,1439]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" pagination="91 - 147" refId="ref6851" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1988) The genus Leptogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae) in West Africa. Scientific Results of the Danish Expedition to the Coasts of Tropical West Africa 1945 - 1946. Atlantide Report, No. 14, 91 - 147." type="book chapter" year="1988">Grasshoff, 1988: 146</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="113B4B463419FF96FF18FA0FB49AFA2F" author="Grasshoff, M." box="[151,254,1449,1475]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" pagination="1 - 135" refId="ref6898" refString="Grasshoff, M. (1992) Die Flachwasser-Gorgonarien von Europa und Westafrika (Cnidaria, Anthozoa). Courier Forschungsinstitut Senckengerg, 149, 1 - 135." type="journal article" year="1992">1992: 42</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF48FA6BB787F9DC" blockId="2.[151,1437,1089,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48FA6BB5E8FA04" bold="true" box="[199,396,1485,1512]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
|
||
Axis (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FE81FA6BB51BFA04" box="[270,383,1485,1512]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 3" captionStart-1="FIGURE 4" captionStartId-0="5.[151,250,1889,1914]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1977,2002]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,229,1813]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,206,1919]" captionTargetId-0="figure@5.[151,1436,229,1813]" captionTargetId-1="figure@6.[151,1436,206,1919]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 3. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of morphological features. A. A portion of the external surface of the holotype showing a polyp mound (center) and dense arrangement of sclerites in the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=1.0 mm. B–D. Oblique views of portions of the axis showing distinctive quadrangular shape in transverse section, and solid calcified material distributed throughout the axial interior; scale bars=0.2 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 4. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of axial structure. A–B. Longitudinal views of two portions of axis; scale bar=1.0 mm. C. Transverse section of axial portion in A; scale bar=0.2 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559367" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559369" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3559367/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3559369/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 3–4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The axis is conspicuously quadrangular in shape, highly calcareous, apparently solid and uniform throughout, without concentric lamellae or radiating wedges of calcified material, superficially resembling the calcareous internodes of isidid gorgonians (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="113B4B463419FF96FD27F9B3B733F9C3" author="Chen, J. - Y." box="[680,855,1557,1583]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" refId="ref6487" refString="Chen, J. - Y. (2011) Combined molecular and morphological evidence for phylogeny of pennatulacean and calcaxonian octocorals. Dissertation for Master of Science in Marine Biology, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, California, 147 pp." type="book" year="2011">Chen, 2011: 76</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, fig. 7A–B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF48F99CB6D1F953" blockId="2.[151,1437,1089,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48F99CB5CEF9B8" bold="true" box="[199,426,1593,1620]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
|
||
Polyps (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FEA5F99FB5FFF9B8" box="[298,411,1593,1620]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1906,1931]" captionStartId-1="4.[151,250,1745,1770]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetId-0="figure@3.[151,1436,174,1887]" captionTargetId-1="figure@4.[151,1435,196,1673]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="4" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. A. Two photographic views of the entire holotype; scale bar=45 mm. B–C. Dissecting microscope views of external morphology. B. Two views of a portion of the colony showing placement of polyp mounds; scale bar=2.50 mm. C. Details of surface of colony showing polyp mounds and partially exserted polyps; scale bar=2.50 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. A. Scanning electron micrograph of a portion of the polypary showing a single polyp mound, and sclerites of the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.4 mm. B–C. Two photographic views of a portion of the polypary; scale for B=1.0 mm; scale bar for C=2.5 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559363" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559365" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3559363/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3559365/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 1–2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The polyps are retractile and calyces are absent. The retracted polyps form very low, slightly conical mounds on the surface of the polypary. Many of the polyps form a bilateral appearance, but some are scattered on the polypary surface between the two longitudinal columns. Polyps are separated by bare areas of the polypary, between 2.5 and
|
||
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FE61F903B620F92C" box="[494,580,1701,1728]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B73419FF96FF48F96FB64EF833" blockId="2.[151,1437,1089,2016]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53419FF96FF48F96FB5DFF908" bold="true" box="[199,443,1737,1764]" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">
|
||
Sclerites (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FEB1F96FB5CAF908" box="[318,430,1737,1764]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStart-3="FIGURE 8" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1958,1983]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1742,1767]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionStartId-3="10.[151,250,1016,1041]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetBox-3="[210,1372,192,980]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetId-2="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetId-3="figure@10.[188,1400,174,997]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionTargetPageId-3="10" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme—elongated spindles with median waists; scale bar=0.10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme—radiates; scale bar=0.05 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites. A. Sclerites from the surface coenenchyme. B. Sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.05 mm." captionText-3="FIGURE 8. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Camera lucida illustrations of polyp sclerites (rod-like structures presumably from the tentacles); scale bar=0.02 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559371" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559373" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559375" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559377" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3559371/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3559373/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3559375/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3559377/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 5–8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sclerites of the outer coenenchyme include a predominance of highly warty, elongate spindles with narrow and smooth median waists, often approaching the shape of double cones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FB48F94BB172F8E4" box="[1223,1302,1773,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1958,1983]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme—elongated spindles with median waists; scale bar=0.10 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559371/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FAACF948B12CF8E4" box="[1315,1352,1774,1800]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites. A. Sclerites from the surface coenenchyme. B. Sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559375/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Other coenenchymal sclerites, particularly from the subsurface coenenchyme include a diverse array of radiates (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FAD5F8B7B1FCF8C7" box="[1370,1432,1809,1835]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1742,1767]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme—radiates; scale bar=0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559373/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Fig.6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FF18F890B4D8F8BC" box="[151,188,1846,1872]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 7. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites. A. Sclerites from the surface coenenchyme. B. Sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.05 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559375/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Overall coenenchymal sclerite size range: 0.03–0.20 mm—double cones
|
||
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FB88F893B0C9F8BC" box="[1031,1197,1845,1872]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.10–0.20 mm</quantity>
|
||
, other sclerites
|
||
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FAD2F893B49EF898" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.03">0.03– 0.10 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FE87F8FFB510F898" box="[264,372,1881,1908]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStart-2="FIGURE 7" captionStartId-0="7.[151,250,1958,1983]" captionStartId-1="8.[151,250,1742,1767]" captionStartId-2="9.[151,250,1962,1987]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetBox-2="[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetId-0="figure@7.[151,1435,174,1886]" captionTargetId-1="figure@8.[151,1436,174,1722]" captionTargetId-2="figure@9.[151,1436,301,1943]" captionTargetPageId-0="7" captionTargetPageId-1="8" captionTargetPageId-2="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme—elongated spindles with median waists; scale bar=0.10 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme—radiates; scale bar=0.05 mm." captionText-2="FIGURE 7. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Scanning electron micrographs of coenenchymal sclerites. A. Sclerites from the surface coenenchyme. B. Sclerites from the subsurface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.05 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559371" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559373" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559375" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3559371/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3559373/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3559375/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Figs. 5–7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sclerites of the polyps (presumably those of the tentacles) are small, sparsely-ornamented rods
|
||
<quantity id="B2529B523419FF96FF18F8DBB558F874" box="[151,316,1917,1944]" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="419" unit="mm" value="0.065" valueMax="0.08" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.08 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. The tubercles are not ornate or elaborate, but rather are present as sparsely-distributed, low-rounded to slightly conical mounds or knob-like processes on the sclerite surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED912A323419FF96FBF6F807B0DBF857" box="[1145,1215,1953,1979]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1016,1041]" captionTargetBox="[210,1372,192,980]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[188,1400,174,997]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 8. Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n. Camera lucida illustrations of polyp sclerites (rod-like structures presumably from the tentacles); scale bar=0.02 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559377/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="419">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
). All sclerites from throughout the colony are colorless.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="21D5663F3418FF97FF18F8D4B543F81B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559363" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3559363" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559363/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="420" startId="3.[151,250,1906,1931]" targetBox="[151,1436,174,1887]" targetPageId="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B73418FF97FF18F8D4B543F81B" blockId="3.[151,1437,1906,2039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53418FF97FF18F8D4B571F867" bold="true" box="[151,277,1906,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D343418FF97FE93F8D2B65FF867" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[284,571,1907,1931]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="3" pageNumber="420" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53418FF97FE93F8D2B65FF867" box="[284,571,1907,1931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53418FF97FDCDF8D5B6A9F867" bold="true" box="[578,717,1906,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="420">gen. & sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
A. Two photographic views of the entire holotype; scale bar=45 mm. B–C. Dissecting microscope views of external morphology. B. Two views of a portion of the colony showing placement of polyp mounds; scale bar=2.50 mm. C. Details of surface of colony showing polyp mounds and partially exserted polyps; scale bar=2.50 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="21D5663F341FFF90FF18F977B76AF8DD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559365" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3559365" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559365/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" startId="4.[151,250,1745,1770]" targetBox="[151,1435,196,1673]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B7341FFF90FF18F977B76AF8DD" blockId="4.[151,1436,1745,1842]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341FFF90FF18F977B577F906" bold="true" box="[151,275,1745,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D34341FFF90FE95F974B65CF906" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[282,568,1746,1770]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341FFF90FE95F974B65CF906" box="[282,568,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341FFF90FDB0F974B6A3F906" bold="true" box="[575,711,1745,1770]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">gen. & sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
A. Scanning electron micrograph of a portion of the polypary showing a single polyp mound, and sclerites of the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=0.4 mm. B–C. Two photographic views of a portion of the polypary; scale for B=1.0 mm; scale bar for C=2.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3DB0653C341FFF9DFF48F8C6B636FEF3" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B7341FFF90FF48F8C6B082F872" blockId="4.[151,1436,1888,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341FFF90FF48F8C6B52AF896" bold="true" box="[199,334,1888,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The new species is named for Dr. Robert F. Bolland, who collected the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AA118815341FFF90FBE2F8C6B0ABF896" box="[1133,1231,1888,1914]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
during his time as a professor of biology at the University of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B76EF855341FFF90FDFAF822B686F872" box="[629,738,1924,1950]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||
University College Asian Division,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="B76EF855341FFF90FBF6F822B086F872" box="[1145,1250,1924,1950]" country="Japan" name="Okinawa" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Okinawa</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B7341FFF90FF48F801B694F80A" blockId="4.[151,1436,1888,2023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341FFF90FF48F801B63BF82E" bold="true" box="[199,607,1959,1986]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">
|
||
Habitat and distribution (
|
||
<figureCitation id="ED912A32341FFF90FE73F801B634F82E" box="[508,592,1959,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1862,1887]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,841,1843]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,841,1843]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Map of a portion of the eastern Pacific, Ryukyu Archipelago, and Okinawa; arrows point to the type locality of Speirogorgia robertbollandi gen. & sp. n." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559381/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mixed sand and coral rubble. At present known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AA118815341FFF90FAAAF80FB131F82F" box="[1317,1365,1961,1987]" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">type</typeStatus>
|
||
local-ity—Okinawa, Ryukyu Islands,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0DBD7627341FFF90FD8FF86BB627F80B" box="[512,579,1997,2023]" name="Japan" pageId="4" pageNumber="421">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="B2529B52341FFF90FDC2F86AB6E2F80B" box="[589,646,1996,2023]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="421" unit="m" value="72.0">72 m</quantity>
|
||
in depth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="21D5663F341EFF91FF18F8C7B00CF809" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559367" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3559367" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559367/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" startId="5.[151,250,1889,1914]" targetBox="[151,1436,229,1813]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B7341EFF91FF18F8C7B00CF809" blockId="5.[151,1437,1889,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341EFF91FF18F8C7B577F896" bold="true" box="[151,275,1889,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D34341EFF91FE95F8C4B653F896" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[282,567,1890,1914]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="5" pageNumber="422" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341EFF91FE95F8C4B653F896" box="[282,567,1890,1914]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341EFF91FDB2F8C4B6A1F896" bold="true" box="[573,709,1889,1914]" pageId="5" pageNumber="422">gen. & sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of morphological features. A. A portion of the external surface of the holotype showing a polyp mound (center) and dense arrangement of sclerites in the surface coenenchyme; scale bar=1.0 mm. B–D. Oblique views of portions of the axis showing distinctive quadrangular shape in transverse section, and solid calcified material distributed throughout the axial interior; scale bars=0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="21D5663F341DFF92FF18F81FB160F819" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559369" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3559369" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559369/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="423" startId="6.[151,250,1977,2002]" targetBox="[151,1436,206,1919]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B7341DFF92FF18F81FB160F819" blockId="6.[151,1436,1977,2038]" pageId="6" pageNumber="423">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341DFF92FF18F81FB571F83E" bold="true" box="[151,277,1977,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="423">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D34341DFF92FE92F81CB658F83E" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[285,572,1978,2002]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="6" pageNumber="423" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341DFF92FE92F81CB658F83E" box="[285,572,1978,2002]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="423">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341DFF92FDCBF81CB6B4F83E" bold="true" box="[580,720,1977,2002]" pageId="6" pageNumber="423">gen. & sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of axial structure. A–B. Longitudinal views of two portions of axis; scale bar=1.0 mm. C. Transverse section of axial portion in A; scale bar=0.2 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="21D5663F341CFF93FF18F800B734F80E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559371" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3559371" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559371/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="424" startId="7.[151,250,1958,1983]" targetBox="[151,1435,174,1886]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B7341CFF93FF18F800B734F80E" blockId="7.[151,1436,1958,2019]" pageId="7" pageNumber="424">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341CFF93FF18F800B571F853" bold="true" box="[151,277,1958,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="424">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D34341CFF93FE92F801B658F853" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[285,572,1959,1983]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="7" pageNumber="424" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341CFF93FE92F801B658F853" box="[285,572,1959,1983]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="424">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA5341CFF93FDCAF801B6B5F853" bold="true" box="[581,721,1958,1983]" pageId="7" pageNumber="424">gen. & sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the surface coenen-chyme—elongated spindles with median waists; scale bar=0.10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="21D5663F3413FF9CFF18F968B67DF8E6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3559373" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3559373" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3559373/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="425" startId="8.[151,250,1742,1767]" targetBox="[151,1436,174,1722]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B73413FF9CFF18F968B67DF8E6" blockId="8.[151,1436,1742,1803]" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53413FF9CFF18F968B577F90B" bold="true" box="[151,275,1742,1767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D343413FF9CFE96F969B652F90A" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[281,566,1742,1766]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="425" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="robertbollandi">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53413FF9CFE96F969B652F90A" box="[281,566,1742,1766]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">Speirogorgia robertbollandi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53413FF9CFDB3F968B6A6F90A" bold="true" box="[572,706,1742,1767]" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">gen. & sp. n.</emphasis>
|
||
Scanning electron micrographs of sclerites from the subsurface coenen-chyme—radiates; scale bar=0.05 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B73413FF9DFF48F89EB664FF17" blockId="8.[151,1437,1848,2019]" lastBlockId="9.[151,1437,153,287]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="426" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53413FF9CFF48F89EB5B6F8BF" bold="true" box="[199,466,1848,1875]" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">Differential diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B2AA4D343413FF9CFE53F89FB60AF8BF" authority="Williams, 2019" authorityName="Williams" authorityYear="2019" box="[476,622,1849,1875]" class="Anthozoa" family="Ifalukellidae" genus="Speirogorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="8" pageNumber="419" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus" status="gen. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53413FF9CFE53F89FB60AF8BF" box="[476,622,1849,1875]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="425">Speirogorgia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all other calcaxonian taxa in that it possesses distinctive coenenchymal sclerites that predominantly resemble double cones, as well as a filiform growth form, completely retractile polyps without calyces, and has a uniform axial interior throughout. Isidids have jointed axes with alternating proteinaceous nodes and calcareous internodes. Primnoids and chyrsogorgiids have non-retractile polyps, well-spiculated polyp bodies, and sclerites that are mostly plates, scales, or rods with sparse ornamentation. The el- lisellid and pennatulacean sister groups have radiating wedge-shaped columns of calcareous material that comprise the axis. The ifalukellids have a bushy or plumose growth form, and small scale-like, often oval sclerites with a course, granular surface texture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="751536B73412FF9DFF48FEA2B636FEF3" blockId="9.[151,1437,153,287]" box="[199,594,260,287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="426">
|
||
<emphasis id="47DEEAA53412FF9DFF48FEA2B509FEF3" bold="true" box="[199,365,260,287]" pageId="9" pageNumber="426">Comparisons.</emphasis>
|
||
A monotypic taxon.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |