608 lines
53 KiB
XML
608 lines
53 KiB
XML
<document id="FA1D40720C0F955ACD531D6DCB821816" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139" ID-publisher-id="136139" URI-arpha="163F7496-5C12-5455-AB48-30AD78073DF0" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1734707767354" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sukhorukov, Alexander P., Kushunina, Maria, Nilova, Maya V., Baider, Cláudia & Sennikov, Alexander N." docDate="2024" docId="FCDE0DE6BCD353D4A285C4E7776D3297" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 250: 21-94" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 250" docSource="https://phytokeys.pensoft.net/article/136139/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.phytokeys" docTitle="Achyranthes acuminata Sonder" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="94" masterDocId="163F74965C125455AB4830AD78073DF0" masterDocTitle="Africa and Arabia encompass a much greater species diversity in the Achyranthes aspera aggregate (Amaranthaceae, achyranthoid clade): Evidence from morphological and chorological data" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="21" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1734739432256" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="305E382225E5C58DBAE462A27888C611">
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<mods:title id="A553C25DE615BD1B8944BB1747D0643F">Africa and Arabia encompass a much greater species diversity in the Achyranthes aspera aggregate (Amaranthaceae, achyranthoid clade): Evidence from morphological and chorological data</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D112C16FDADD7318C0193983E35D2718" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="044F30485482F45EA41F2999D7EB284F">Sukhorukov, Alexander P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="DA22B245DD52EFAD348A6D18E6235336" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2220-826X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="BAE2728882EE1C5298D463074B6C4D75">Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia & Laboratory Herbarium (TK), Tomsk State University, Lenin Ave. 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="7488E2C68E789D46FC7EC35F277B5F31">Kushunina, Maria</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="8D98CE7D87D0A5D8C4F1BF05E25C1DAB" type="ORCID">0000-0003-2541-6494</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="18F768EC6900ED8EBFF77F36CCF58E97">Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="B6AC3EB32C00B85F30AEDB6779ED12BA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="32001D1663859929CB03F4DB3BA9A423">Nilova, Maya V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="37F2BEFF7BE5C643967FD48FAEF61F51" type="ORCID">0000-0001-5340-5915</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="CB929DB038762C7B262FC8D9F9BA72B0">Department of Higher Plants, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1FD1407FE8C0FDF4FE7426F7BB12554B">Baider, Cláudia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="10235BFDE97B4554B34C0114DE179092" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2203-2076</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="4AB271F028E19EB3FF7918C08AD418C3">Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="DD994741B13AA07CD943080FE1AC4D95">Sennikov, Alexander N.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="7B3BFEC91857B530758BCD056F50DFB7" type="ORCID">0000-0001-6664-7657</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="4C81AC3489EE105340DBED6151B6B200">The Mauritius Herbarium, RE Vaughan Building, Agricultural Services, Ministry of Agro-Industry and Food Security, Réduit, 80835, Mauritius</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3C308BC7EF09A688DA2FD0275B3757E7">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="DCA3A51C4F1F25853E108913195ACFBE">
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<mods:date id="9BD42B7AF9193B3BBB95FCB04606E1F8">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="65DD9315CFA4B14C881823FFCADB8EA3">2024-12-20</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="511F612D651A300BC2EB764EEE2C6B48" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B8C920691B542D8A2D940B0890EBCE48">250</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="561577DAE768580C31F368CF5FBD2FB6">21</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="4B420DC1760A45D243EEBFCF6C5E18DE">94</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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<mods:classification id="6BB0DDF8C5B9E520B64FA2EF83891196">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="9A6C4C414C78A5FED55FA323A107D851" type="DOI">10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="FCDE0DE6BCD353D4A285C4E7776D3297" ID-arpha="FCDE0DE6-BCD3-53D4-A285-C4E7776D3297" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FCDE0DE6BCD353D4A285C4E7776D3297" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FCDE0DE6BCD353D4A285C4E7776D3297" scope_family="Amaranthaceae">
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<subSubSection id="D0854D3CBB8FC4949C7F56B960F4EC0C" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="6A43DC528B6FC84C576B11A3BEAFFA96">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="04654A85C0BA6F0BB387323C3C94F5C3" author="Sonder" journal="Linnaea" page="96" score="4.864797368871433" volume="23" year="1850">
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||
<taxonomicName id="CA3D485367801A2E4ED76798FEA8CC25" ID-CoL="9Z9MT" authority="E. Mey. ex Sonder" authorityName="Sonder" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
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||
<emphasis id="191A6553F94F82999B414EE75AE8BEA2" italics="true">Achyranthes acuminata</emphasis>
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||
E. Mey. ex Sonder
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, Linnaea 23: 96 (1850)
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="5389261C8CE16431D3328B6D09DCEC58" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="EC55C4913C412FE22CADCAA6876FC479">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="A9EF9CF1691FF883DE0F1576615B548F">
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=
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<treatmentCitation id="C6D822FB304C7E30C17F8D1D5579192F" author="Suess." journal="Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat Bruxelles" page="56" score="291.0324320782438" volume="15" year="1938">
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<taxonomicName id="6B4E97260CF83207AF23E6E61C9C4BE0" ID-CoL="B2JHJ" authority="Suess., Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat Bruxelles" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" form="nigrescens" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="aspera">
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<emphasis id="6DF9FB7F467F8ED5C8150FE8CFDAF762" italics="true">Achyranthes aspera f. nigrescens</emphasis>
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Suess.
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</taxonomicName>
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||
, Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 15: 56 (1938)
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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<typeStatus id="18D92D7E12EED13FEF88ACD2A018A104" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
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||
(designated here):
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<collectingCountry id="6431350A5D7D1508FDBE13D094389833" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
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, [
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<collectingCountry id="0B70EB18A875C33ABB175D9AA7667594" name="Ecuador">Équateur</collectingCountry>
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Prov.,]
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<location id="E2F0F5707CE79D521E31A7D753840CFD" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FCDE0DE6BCD353D4A285C4E7776D3297:E2F0F5707CE79D521E31A7D753840CFD" country="Democratic Republic of the Congo" name="Environs d'Eala">Environs d’Eala</location>
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,
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<date id="C8458F3450F22A26CACCD367A879829D" value="1930-07">
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<collectingDate id="41A49073FA8CFFFF27CDE6A05BB25813" value="1930-07">July 1930</collectingDate>
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</date>
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||
,
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||
<emphasis id="663448B101131CD5B3125CD76A5E156F" italics="true">J. Lebrun 1230</emphasis>
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(
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||
<specimenCode id="2624044FFA97A49787E558BCDF15E3FC" collectionCode="BR" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection">BR 0000008819543</specimenCode>
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||
!,
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||
<typeStatus id="0E5C8F89F849BCDC4EF8D70CAAD10090" type="isolectotype">isolectotypes</typeStatus>
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||
<specimenCode id="D0E478A3DEA14B60E7C4F6019DB66731" collectionCode="BR" country="Brazil" name="Embrapa Agrobiology Diazothrophic Microbial Culture Collection">BR 000000881923</specimenCode>
|
||
!,
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||
<collectionCode id="6E876FE16AE90128CF9833F5B7FA3C6F" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
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||
!).
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="AE85C1768B8BA565CA3904F85F3E1C15">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="1C48CA2BCA38F134BEC90C61D1DC1E78">
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||
–
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||
<treatmentCitation id="C9623A90A3E52E463C22EACB527C5EB8">
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||
<taxonomicName id="567F59A0049643D96007ACBAA5972731" ID-CoL="5LYBD" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="rubrofusca">
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||
<emphasis id="D483391365E86F24077F3F0B3D929C8C" italics="true">Achyranthes aspera var. rubrofusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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auct. in herb.
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||
<collectionCode id="FD38D539C55429AE2D90B48035D92283" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum">BM</collectionCode>
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||
,
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||
<collectionCode id="68F4A637EF51433656416F88E8C8052A" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="BCF06F8E523C4703B2EBD7FD415E64F7">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="C9A4D65DE746ACC265EF27790DEEE7EE">
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="1182EA00D3A77C5CDA8DBC2F7DDF9B03">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2CA23597EF71D8A5B5D45D8FC54FD0C4" authority="Cavaco" authorityName="Cavaco" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="bidentata" variety="africana">
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||
<emphasis id="C60D20AFAE629D2C0FE78542B633240E" italics="true">Achyranthes bidentata var. africana</emphasis>
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||
Cavaco
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
, nom. nud. in herb.
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||
<collectionCode id="6BF2EC594E1F040D346E1332BC3B6936" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum">BM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="BE9CA541F7F83B63E0BE7C37C9E24D1A" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1B50E529C7DA8D6B1E4757B2BD24625A">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="06200E4525C538B8538DFEFD8AAD3A8F">
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3FDA5952E889719F4D972DCE2D545896">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="864B38F550ADEB63B1721C1F267FE6AF" ID-CoL="996J" baseAuthorityName="Keay" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bidentata">
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||
<emphasis id="CF65994DE2C957E3EF3E404ED00C8081" italics="true">Achyranthes bidentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
auct.:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4596D8260FC196FA563AD2E88D539E47" author="Baker JG & Clarke CB" editor="Thiselton-Dyer WT" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="6, sect. 1. Reeve & Co, Ashford" pagination="14-75" refId="B6" refString="Baker JG, Clarke CB (1909) Amaranthaceae. In: Thiselton-Dyer WT (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa, vol. 6, sect. 1. Reeve & Co, Ashford, 14–75." title="Amaranthaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical Africa, vol." year="1909">Baker and Clarke (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="A204A110C56B6B6B2FCB5E170548EF38">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BB485B5F753ED178DFC1419A0A03E196" author="Hutchinson JL & Dalziel J" firstAuthor="Hutchinson" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents, London" refId="B52" refString="Hutchinson JL, Dalziel J (1927) Flora of West Tropical Africa, vol. 1. Crown Agents, London, 532 pp." title="Flora of West Tropical Africa, vol. 1." year="1927">Hutchinson and Dalziel (1927)</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="30C329D5B0CE8F3F21B13C6BDD0D1997">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="303208F3FCDB70FD44182F8BB807214B" author="Keay RWJ [Ed.]" firstAuthor="Keay" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents, London" refId="B59" refString="Keay RWJ [Ed.] (1954) Flora of West Tropical Africa, vol. 1, part 1. 2 nd ed. Crown Agents, London, 295 pp." title="Flora of West Tropical Africa, vol. 1, part 1. 2 nd ed." year="1954">Keay (1954)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="3AF2A805161A34C84ECC4C81B204F3FD">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BA16098A87806B152B3E1B74F0DD7329" author="Lebrun JP & Stork AL" firstAuthor="Lebrun" journalOrPublisher="Conservatoire & Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Genève" refId="B66" refString="Lebrun JP, Stork AL (1991) Ėnumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique Tropicale, vol. 1. Conservatoire & Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Genève, 249 pp." title="Ėnumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique Tropicale, vol. 1." year="1991">Lebrun and Stork (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="353135726F61B89DAD3F114F1789F093">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="DA3531387F85BC0EA4121761F115E7FA" author="Figueiredo E & Smith GF" firstAuthor="Figueiredo" journalOrPublisher="Strelitzia" pagination="1-279" refId="B35" refString="Figueiredo E, Smith GF (2008) Plants of Angola. Strelitzia 22: 1–279." title="Plants of Angola." volume="22" year="2008">Figueiredo and Smith (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="952D9B8529673B82DB76C8F22A9D3C28">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3C2D7061F36FD6290728AA4C6213311D" author="Phiri PSM" firstAuthor="Phiri" journalOrPublisher="SABONET, Pretoria" refId="B92" refString="Phiri PSM (2005) A checklist of Zambian vascular plants [Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32]. SABONET, Pretoria, 183 pp." title="A checklist of Zambian vascular plants [Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32]." year="2005">Phiri (2005)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="E6C017DF0B0B0807D11B722500B6F345">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7D2606B3CED7A66F2E8225043595D64F" author="Klopper RR & Chatelain C & Bänninger V & Habashi C & Steyn HM & de Wet BC & Arnold TH & Gautier L & Smith GF & Spichiger R" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopper" refId="B61" refString="Klopper RR, Chatelain C, Bänninger V, Habashi C, Steyn HM, de Wet BC, Arnold TH, Gautier L, Smith GF, Spichiger R (2006) Checklist of the flowering plants of Sub-Saharan Africa. An index of accepted names and synonyms. SABONET, Pretoria." year="2006">Klopper et al. (2006)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F2F8B8C288A32EB308D948A077B3D9F2">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="755CE0373D6A25A154E0B5869C875C31">
|
||
–
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="F8125EA620039AA5E05BEF217D9EF435">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F07BD2F3D92998ABAC1F7BD21D7267E7" authority="Sukhor." authorityName="Sukhor." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="africana">
|
||
<emphasis id="CF20B22D9D034950B1927D3A0F28CCF4" italics="true">Achyranthes africana</emphasis>
|
||
Sukhor.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, nom. nud. in herb.
|
||
<collectionCode id="01F783A542DB4006EC7AC69BC11A178F" country="United Kingdom" name="Bristol Museum">BM</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8BE1162F97CB87CA5B6FEB7487887762" country="Serbia" name="Bor">BR</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="1C3FE0BE963A558D3280F5EEE9A99742" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15867" name="Royal Botanic Gardens" type="Herbarium">K</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2XBI" type="Lectotype (designated here)">
|
||
<paragraph id="C3F2A912EB30F171A62543777E25F9FC">
|
||
<heading id="71FFCA89AD8A2A903D4F84FA1203C0A4" reason="title">
|
||
<typeStatus id="9CFC51D861C46AED5060968A54C6A0EF" type="lectotype">Lectotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(designated here).
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7E484E94C92C7B49C4E68BC1ACFC2AA5">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="BB03D624F161B86CF26A76BD16C5C89B" collectedFrom="schattige Waldplatze" collectingDate="1832-04-09" collectionCode="P" collectorName="Drege" country="South Africa" elevation="122" location="Port Natal" municipality="Durban" specimenCode="P 01029520" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="lectotype">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E872AF08BB7AE162DCABDE73F0851B1F" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="3996BB13DAA73041EAB1014B40425D88" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FCDE0DE6BCD353D4A285C4E7776D3297:3996BB13DAA73041EAB1014B40425D88" country="South Africa" municipality="Durban" name="Port Natal">Port Natal</location>
|
||
[
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="599463C9BB5C27835986108D09D343DF">Durban</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
],
|
||
<collectedFrom id="C7A2A0DDB23A5D87980DF5ABC3C97009">schattige Waldplätze</collectedFrom>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="E336F12AC2CF085F265C5ABB3A037E3D" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" unit="ft" value="400.0">
|
||
<elevation id="D9CF33B8711A5F057534A01E2B1BA863" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2192" unit="ft" value="400.0">400 ft</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FE20713B0CE3BF1F4F32E5DE986C823A" value="1832-04-09">
|
||
<collectingDate id="5C1292058619BA2DA379F10C221A3FC4" value="1832-04-09">9 April 1832</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="561C8805CADAA6FC76FD7F3642D7C877" italics="true">
|
||
<collectorName id="FF02F8EF42FBD93D05691845AFC53771">Drège</collectorName>
|
||
4679
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCode id="F0F09157A762652D34E303BBD5EDC136" collectionCode="P" country="France" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15763" name="Museum National d' Histoire Naturelle, Paris (MNHN) - Vascular Plants" type="Herbarium">P 01029520</specimenCode>
|
||
– image!).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EDYBI" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="76830CAEB38F878D7A77BB7B879FB8CC">
|
||
<heading id="490256A2BADB8CA019900C05D6B1AAC9" reason="title">Description.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="366DE613DDF48A5141CB370260120B99">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="C3731198C1C1FFB945F2A87DC968E015" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Achyranthes acuminata A general view of the plants (Meru area, Arusha Region, Tanzania. Photographer: A. Sukhorukov) B close-up of the leaves and inflorescences (KwaZulu-Natal Province, near Durban, South Africa. Photographer: Errol Douwes)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203849">5</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="5A7CE56731D4AC8C384B95F817EDACEC" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. A herbarium specimen of Achyranthes acuminata (Tanzania, Tanga Region, Gendagenda Forest, 200 m a. s. l., 31 Jul 1991, Frontier Tanzania team 2377, K)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203850">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Annual or short-lived perennial herb up to 1.5 (2.0) m tall occasionally creeping and rooting at lower nodes; stem sparsely pubescent, obscurely quadrangular turning angular in the inflorescence; leaf petioles 10–40 (60) mm, blades 30–260 ×
|
||
<quantity id="05B899E3DDEA7BA4F07031D02672430E" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="2.0" unit="mm" value="65.0" valueMax="110.0" valueMin="20.0">20–110 mm</quantity>
|
||
, cuneate, ovate or rhombic or even obovate, entire, tip short or long acuminate, deep green or olivascent and almost glabrous above, pale green or purplish and slightly to moderately pubescent below, usually turning blackish when dry; inflorescence
|
||
<quantity id="7C5154CD3836704AAA3FD21ED974B134" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.7" metricValueMin="0.8" unit="mm" value="175.0" valueMax="270.0" valueMin="80.0">80–270 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, dense, paracladies always present, in early stages thin and delicate similar to inflorescences of some willows (e. g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0BCD5EE322CBC78353C1F359F907F2FE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Salicaceae" genus="Salix" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="triandra">
|
||
<emphasis id="86A2636ED8D2A42190548C65A18C80D4" italics="true">Salix triandra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); bract 3.0–4.0 mm long; bracteoles (3.0) 4.0–5.0 mm long, reflexed; perianth segments slightly unequal, (4.5–5.0) 6.0–7.0 (8.0) mm long (two segments longer than three others), green outside and purple-red inside at least at the tip, turning dark brown when dry, three inner segments keeled; pseudostaminodes brownish (when dry),
|
||
<quantity id="F974AFCE71D2B2F6148B38C8CBF16C3C" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="8.0" unit="mm" value="0.95" valueMax="1.1" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, not or slightly fimbriate; stamens 5, filaments purple, anthers
|
||
<quantity id="D3747BE124190178E2515151CC43B213" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.75" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="3.5" unit="mm" value="0.475" valueMax="0.6" valueMin="0.35">0.35–0.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, magenta; style (1.3)
|
||
<quantity id="5DEBA5A7E3DD50DB3E81999E182B0888" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.6" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, pink or mauve; fruit (without style)
|
||
<quantity id="06DCD288B674FB824160F7C3C11ECD3B" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="1.7" unit="mm" value="2.1" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="1.7">1.7–2.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="8892245D9FFAB5FF287876EA51C76A5D" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139.figure5" ID-arpha="E9A7AC6D-F101-5FE4-821A-856C0E93002C" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203849" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph id="F18F171CFC194288D04E7C7A2CC9F54E">
|
||
<label id="C38430F6A92F5DF0F927715CAB787531">Figure 5.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="53B7E8E5C2BE5B9CA5EDABE54D51D905">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="994BE86CECB8BF8673A29CF66B09501B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF5C747379615D2F8F07166F468B99E8" italics="true">Achyranthes acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="11952452BE9EF3045A58F05EE9F86E17" bold="true">A</emphasis>
|
||
general view of the plants (Meru area, Arusha Region, Tanzania. Photographer: A. Sukhorukov)
|
||
<emphasis id="CD22E5D0B8218800F9068DE702E595CD" bold="true">B</emphasis>
|
||
close-up of the leaves and inflorescences (KwaZulu-Natal Province, near Durban, South Africa. Photographer: Errol Douwes).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="C185CD99D961D48FA729A77B0BCB22CC" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139.figure6" ID-arpha="0EC0C314-664C-5002-977B-0708EA79F04D" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203850" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph id="30D0744B693218950E2EDE9383E06547">
|
||
<label id="C8AD5E368B294729979A22B2563874BC">Figure 6.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="740C918C44F936C24BB0FBC03A66A8F8">
|
||
A herbarium specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F511F84A2F2F683BABF9FA1401FF2CE" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8F2C9F16893D60070A7D957580458B7" italics="true">Achyranthes acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tanzania, Tanga Region, Gendagenda Forest, 200 m a. s. l., 31 Jul 1991,
|
||
<emphasis id="BC9705A7D03F5714464B9A228E421E85" italics="true">Frontier Tanzania team</emphasis>
|
||
2377, K).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EY1BI" type="Taxonomic note">
|
||
<paragraph id="5834EFCC45DD8D13FB8EED83BF14D8F3">
|
||
<heading id="105206DF020338433A1339D2A777EA7C" reason="title">Taxonomic note.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6206A20A7B689D2F8643156C9AE90D74">
|
||
For a long time, specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8B341F281314AA4A3ED93EDF05EC5BC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A2109D28A93504778422FDF3C8C120E" italics="true">A. acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68738A283C1DBDEED08013357086C27B" baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="B7E443818BB5DC89262CA030A5CB1F70" italics="true">A. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or its varieties, e. g.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E8D92FC5251C73E50861DAF4851BA90C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="rubrofusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="23581587E74E9F21DC12F6DD89BF53E9" italics="true">A. aspera var. rubrofusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="E51DEC4C81D969FFB339064B8668262D" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
, or as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A69CDAA8E52BC0AA165BB661FA7D2408" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="nigrescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="82A6B8E045521F2826346E683CBE8F42" italics="true">A. aspera var. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Suessenguth in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="906E2D5E1BFFAA1CFCEA831D0401FE65" author="Suessenguth and Merxmuller" firstAuthor="Suessenguth" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München" pagination="69-94" refId="B111" refString="Suessenguth K, Merxmüller H (1951) Species et varietates novae vel rarae in Africa australi et centrali lectae. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München 1: 69–94." title="Species et varietates novae vel rarae in Africa australi et centrali lectae." volume="1" year="1951">Suessenguth and Merxmüller 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and, in some cases in tropical Africa, as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D99AD30A3C6919A38275B79A7FB1153F" baseAuthorityName="Keay" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bidentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="061EAA551CD19C6C39791D47EB2158E4" italics="true">A. bidentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(e. g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="543CB2E9BF41A6BA4B7A12541EEC136C" author="Baker and Clarke" editor="Thiselton-Dyer WT" firstAuthor="Baker" journalOrPublisher="6, sect. 1. Reeve & Co, Ashford" pagination="14-75" refId="B6" refString="Baker JG, Clarke CB (1909) Amaranthaceae. In: Thiselton-Dyer WT (Ed.) Flora of Tropical Africa, vol. 6, sect. 1. Reeve & Co, Ashford, 14–75." title="Amaranthaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical Africa, vol." year="1909">Baker and Clarke 1909</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CE41289095CB2B825DA0EB0E14976130" author="Hutchinson and Dalziel" firstAuthor="Hutchinson" journalOrPublisher="Crown Agents, London" refId="B52" refString="Hutchinson JL, Dalziel J (1927) Flora of West Tropical Africa, vol. 1. Crown Agents, London, 532 pp." title="Flora of West Tropical Africa, vol. 1." year="1927">Hutchinson and Dalziel 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B57DC893CE19E4731C794D36639FC4B" DOI="10.2307/4117075" author="Townsend" firstAuthor="Townsend" issue="1" journalOrPublisher="Kew Bulletin" pagination="141-146" refId="B116" refString="Townsend CC (1973) Notes on Amaranthaceae: I. Kew Bulletin 28 (1): 141–146. https://doi.org/10.2307/4117075" title="Notes on Amaranthaceae: I." volume="28" year="1973">Townsend 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2EB6644E333AF3B54FDA01895BD193BB" author="Lebrun and Stork" firstAuthor="Lebrun" journalOrPublisher="Conservatoire & Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Genève" refId="B66" refString="Lebrun JP, Stork AL (1991) Ėnumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique Tropicale, vol. 1. Conservatoire & Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Genève, 249 pp." title="Ėnumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique Tropicale, vol. 1." year="1991">Lebrun and Stork 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC438918D6FF13281CDC21C9F65B3E3C" author="Klopper" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Klopper" refId="B61" refString="Klopper RR, Chatelain C, Bänninger V, Habashi C, Steyn HM, de Wet BC, Arnold TH, Gautier L, Smith GF, Spichiger R (2006) Checklist of the flowering plants of Sub-Saharan Africa. An index of accepted names and synonyms. SABONET, Pretoria." year="2006">Klopper et al. 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Nonetheless,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A64A98F2C91454CB30E5786BBA55CC3C" author="Townsend CC" editor="Polhill RM" firstAuthor="Townsend" journalOrPublisher="Balkema, Rotterdam - Boston" pagination="1-136" refId="B120" refString="Townsend CC (1985) Amaranthaceae. In: Polhill RM (Ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa. Balkema, Rotterdam – Boston, 1–136." title="Amaranthaceae." volumeTitle="Flora of Tropical East Africa." year="1985">Townsend (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
claimed that the Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="26184E395E97D7E9FCF42BC5A15537CB" baseAuthorityName="Keay" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bidentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B1D4F61CF9249B2B0A560438508BCA6A" italics="true">A. bidentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
did not occur in East Tropical Africa and referred specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A8E252F45D651B5BFA3AECF45A6930D5" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3B94D51BCF2772AA1113C96DEB785915" italics="true">A. acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5292E1740C6696BC9E17E9C87F812BD7" authority="(Moq.) C. C. Towns. Lebrun and Stork (2003)" authorityName="C. C. Towns. Lebrun and Stork" authorityYear="2003" baseAuthorityName="Moq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="pubescens">
|
||
<emphasis id="D99DACF488F24ED9F14291D5CA0AE0B6" italics="true">A. aspera var. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
(Moq.) C. C. Towns.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B67E805C7C5CA03FD0A60EC61E31A4B3" author="Lebrun JP & Stork AL" firstAuthor="Lebrun" refId="B67" refString="Lebrun JP, Stork AL (2003) Tropical African flowering plants. Ecology and distribution, vol. 1. Conservatoire & Jardin Botaniques de la Ville de Genève, Genève." year="2003">Lebrun and Stork (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
vaguely discussed some morphological differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D1B0507785E96EF6FCC937E8C6AAD4D" baseAuthorityName="Ghazanfar" baseAuthorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="C37674673F2BB2ECAB8F42493F854082" italics="true">A. aspera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="58E922FC94DF7922F171B610C072571D" sensu="lato">s. l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5AA37A7650AB19012F21F3003CA32F1E" baseAuthorityName="Keay" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bidentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="3913EB640895E16DF7AC1C191AEF9F16" italics="true">A. bidentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Asia and Africa, concluding that there are differences between both species as well as differences between Asian and African populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CCA07996993739492B90B4A3B6945C0D" baseAuthorityName="Keay" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bidentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="730EC3CB382102DC4839C6B1B67CB9C0" italics="true">A. bidentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="663773115C1B015C7872779506048CEA">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38AD7AA1EBCC9CCD602980E01F6C2672" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CDEF08D06A2DDB1245CD0875BF5A7882" italics="true">Achyranthes acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from the Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C470625E5FAFF83D68DCA7EE29B301B7" baseAuthorityName="Keay" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bidentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1DB397F048AFEFFE72857B184CDDD592" italics="true">A. bidentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1809A3E1780BDBAD51830C959D2756CA" authority="(Miq.) Nakai" authorityName="Nakai" baseAuthorityName="Miq." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="3C345DAB4350D95178CEB06E8CF7983B" italics="true">A. japonica</emphasis>
|
||
(Miq.) Nakai
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its obovate leaves turning blackish when dry (facultative character) and longer (
|
||
<quantity id="9E5BE2D6695602B3478458B62D2FFE68" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.85" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.6" unit="mm" value="1.85" valueMax="2.1" valueMin="1.6">1.6–2.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
) styles. The two Asian species are rhizomatous perennial plants with ovate leaves, which do not turn black when dry, and have shorter styles (1.0–
|
||
<quantity id="BB3157E6590F3DE922A0623E90C79CEC" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" unit="mm" value="1.5">1.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long). To date, the presence of any species of the Asian
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9D693BC192C50F5D981DA3B1128EC4AE" baseAuthorityName="Keay" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bidentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="668BC4DC65278834DEA7EE88A11448FF" italics="true">A. bidentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group is not confirmed in Africa, and the native distribution of this group of species is restricted to tropical and warm temperate Asia (South and East
|
||
<collectingCountry id="89A5B00A39E0D6381DE50CFED4B9017B" name="China">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4E2DA6971A524630F36F29BE78DD2C1D" name="Japan">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, South-East Asia, and countries located in the Himalayas).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AC48E632BB8DEDB372FA4A0D1170916" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="49FDD08538CC745964A28D2B3CFAF7D0" italics="true">Achyranthes japonica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reported as an alien and naturalized plant in temperate North America (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="610BB248DFDAD43010805B875FE0B465" author="Medley" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Medley" journalOrPublisher="Sida" pagination="92-95" refId="B80" refString="Medley ME, Bryan H, MacGregor J, Thieret JW (1985) Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai (Amaranthaceae) in Kentucky and West Virginia: New to North America. Sida 11: 92–95." title="Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai (Amaranthaceae) in Kentucky and West Virginia: New to North America." volume="11" year="1985">Medley et al. 1985</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FA341FD76240911BF1B90FB9D02BD886">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B569A5131DCC9A2579CA9A334F5A2059" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="rubrofusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="040AFA8D92F20E957B2B5CE77E558762" italics="true">Achyranthes aspera var. rubrofusca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was erroneously reported from Africa (Suessenguth in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C03FC880E1FA987679EB207FC6440356" author="Suessenguth and Merxmuller" firstAuthor="Suessenguth" journalOrPublisher="Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München" pagination="69-94" refId="B111" refString="Suessenguth K, Merxmüller H (1951) Species et varietates novae vel rarae in Africa australi et centrali lectae. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München 1: 69–94." title="Species et varietates novae vel rarae in Africa australi et centrali lectae." volume="1" year="1951">Suessenguth and Merxmüller 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Its basionym
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D9E7FE780391CEB848A51ABAAF59DE12" authority="(Wight 1852)" baseAuthorityName="Wight" baseAuthorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrofusca">
|
||
<emphasis id="C2E6D17F9590F98509FACEE38174EF7F" italics="true">A. rubrofusca</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8EE91A5F234F9E825457866AC827919F" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.105347" author="Wight" firstAuthor="Wight" journalOrPublisher="Pharoah, Madras" refId="B132" refString="Wight R (1852) Icones plantarum Indiae Orientalis: or figures of Indian plants, vol. 5. J. B. Pharoah, Madras, 35 pp. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.105347" title="Icones plantarum Indiae Orientalis: or figures of Indian plants, vol. 5. J. B." year="1852">Wight 1852</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was described from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2DA2653C1DBCCCD9D93B81D6F1A79B75" name="India">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and belongs to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D238D28D6F288B4B0C06745A12D16D68" baseAuthorityName="Keay" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bidentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FA78BF5D85DB758943ECF763D323978" italics="true">A. bidentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EXDCI" type="Nomenclatural notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="3458D1FA81825017053459CC42F72464">
|
||
<heading id="7AA1FDBF04F2098030BEF94973329698" reason="title">Nomenclatural notes.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="62818204483FC9B2559160873D152B4B">
|
||
The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8503AC15E50F9729419EBD50E94C6A28" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="51D535E57B7D280CF30BDA52B8C4CC87" italics="true">A. acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was only mentioned (as
|
||
<emphasis id="570F771FC1102152EA48D7CBA10BC724" italics="true">nomen nudum</emphasis>
|
||
) in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF1721791143CEBDD6014C7DFEB04174" DOI="10.5962/bhl.title.87612" author="Drège JF" firstAuthor="Drege" refId="B33" refString="Drège JF (1843) Zwei pflanzengeographische Documente. Flora 26 (2, Besondere Beigabe): 1–230. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.87612" year="1843">Drège (1843)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who cited a number of plant species (incl.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C48EA1CE8156E6ECB7C246F09ECEB4DC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA121887C619A559FF4633C61A52A051" italics="true">A. acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) growing in forests and woodlands (‘ Wälder und Holzungen’), and it was later validated by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F5BBB639998AA6E21625CF86AEE2858E" author="Sonder W" firstAuthor="Sonder" journalOrPublisher="Linnaea" pagination="1-138" refId="B104" refString="Sonder W (1850) Beiträge zur Flora von Südafrica. Linnaea 23: 1–138." title="Beiträge zur Flora von Südafrica." volume="23" year="1850">Sonder (1850)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="91CF347176E598EED6C4A0F909F5AEB3" author="Cavaco A" firstAuthor="Cavaco" journalOrPublisher="B (Botanique)" page="127" pagination="1-254" refId="B24" refString="Cavaco A (1962) Les Amaranthaceae de l’Afrique au sud du tropique du cancer et de Madagascar. Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, sér. B (Botanique) 13: 1–254." title="Les Amaranthaceae de l’Afrique au sud du tropique du cancer et de Madagascar. Mémoires du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, sér." volume="13" year="1962">Cavaco (1962: 127)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
considered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F46867EFCADC8953AB9C20CA122C2514" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="0D905187A23F61D60A3FEF9B751276A3" italics="true">A. acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a putative synonym of the subshrubby
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0E1E536CFA42D81867351DB9221840A2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="aspera" variety="porphyrostachya">
|
||
<emphasis id="330B14D13E4315198FB451243416979C" italics="true">A. aspera var. porphyrostachya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(≡
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9E27CBA0CF27469DD1A87380752E201B" baseAuthorityName="Lebrun" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="porphyrostachya">
|
||
<emphasis id="35A4C7FC0EF515E7EEB339565439DF55" italics="true">A. porphyrostachya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) probably based on similar leaf shape. Authentic specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D737B1A34ABDA8075D1607EE589ED484" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="AA0103E4EA7BB164AD3B239AFC39041B" italics="true">A. acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have obovate leaves, different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E16A44CDC68703C9C5A0C2F861955F2" baseAuthorityName="Lebrun" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="porphyrostachya">
|
||
<emphasis id="7A03026EF29C1163B774646FC1AFB796" italics="true">A. porphyrostachya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has oblong or ovate leaves. Moreover,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B7666D8F2CCCE84B4BAEC81D0E75D44" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="5536A08E15BE66CDBFB9F278A8601896" italics="true">A. acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4937200F8A18962B48E851710B1DE13" baseAuthorityName="Lebrun" baseAuthorityYear="1973" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="porphyrostachya">
|
||
<emphasis id="51281D534731BF4D4F8905BA76A5753A" italics="true">A. porphyrostachya</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be separated based on their ecology.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F14BF4570C7856A6AA4C622FE6A903F1">
|
||
An authentic specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="85C22F12CDAD0161F88055699C00F0BA" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="50FBCC4D8B6013A6E3753A76B5247EF9" italics="true">A. acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
kept at W ([without exact location and date] E. M. [eyer] (W 18393!) has a perianth shorter (4.5–5.0 mm long) than usual (6.0–7.0 mm). A shorter perianth length was also observed in specimens from dryer areas (e. g., growing in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="B985859AABE72992D173DFBAEA153010" name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="725A0F1EF6C18C4C40BCB9CD2F9F00AD" name="Benin">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
). On the other hand, the length of anthers (±
|
||
<quantity id="757B3FCA3689C504DB4435F273F37071" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" unit="mm" value="0.5">0.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long) and style (±
|
||
<quantity id="F117089D68E667F7AB49FE420A2AC251" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" unit="mm" value="1.8">1.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
) long is constant in the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0958625573E391BA1A47A230B570B9AA">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E3117835E30C5238B65E40DBF05949F0" DOI="10.2307/3666576" author="Suessenguth K" firstAuthor="Suessenguth" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l’État à Bruxelles" pagination="55-72" refId="B109" refString="Suessenguth K (1938) Afrikanische Amaranthaceen aus dem Herbarium Brüssel. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de l’État à Bruxelles 15: 55–72. https://doi.org/10.2307/3666576" title="Afrikanische Amaranthaceen aus dem Herbarium Brüssel." volume="15" year="1938">Suessenguth (1938)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
cited
|
||
<specimenCount id="68A2688FC5DCB2B96531F040FC6B6AF2" count="2" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5452A9B056F8EACB63028FF8F555DEE1" authority="Suess." authorityName="Suess." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" form="nigrescens" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="aspera">
|
||
<emphasis id="5FDAB67D44176F16D34A5C05D984E120" italics="true">A. aspera f. nigrescens</emphasis>
|
||
Suess.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which were collected in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="3604A5789EA6A82613F4B53A5F093FAB" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Belgian Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
[now
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1EE0D5FBE032554F80124DCE1FDE405A" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
]: Matadi [Kongo Central Prov.] and Eala [Équateur Prov.]. Both specimens represent the same species. Suessenguth was probably the first to mention its remarkable character: leaves turning black when dry.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EYICI" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph id="55AD0286114A76A9083094A1DE7A1924">
|
||
<heading id="3577FD0EC9FCD32847F0B9E17ED1A23A" reason="title">Habitat.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="758A2F379D8EDD2D680412D7A5020C45">
|
||
Riverine and primary rain forests, forest margins and other wet shady places at elevations of
|
||
<quantity id="86B2084E778D3D6AD3024D3734015166" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.0" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="0.0">0–2000 m</quantity>
|
||
a. s. l.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E4ICI" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="6288AD1EC0B167FA498B092FF2D2707D">
|
||
<heading id="AFF8B08A77AD0DC0BA943EB1CE173703" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="215AC13F7FE1F217C204B6B01DBF2808">
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="22BF0871ED0BAC524A543D9B0A43B3AF" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Distribution map of Achyranthes acuminata." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203851">7</figureCitation>
|
||
; see also Appendix
|
||
<xref id="11693D200D40FA15263B9D8895E2D185" ref-type="app" rid="app1">1</xref>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="CC2181E8E211D8E009D85F2C1B3054BC" bold="true">Africa</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="70F7431E3B1DBBCD42AF313F179613CC" name="Angola">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2D9C912D6335198E16BFAEA4B2849773" name="Benin">Benin</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE296F95C2003EE9C2F182FC84B6DEC" name="Botswana">Botswana</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D8497AD38D77CF48F9381307594338E4" name="Burundi">Burundi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FD6C75A8E5A7679D19A5A5A1C7722D35" name="Cameroon">Cameroon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="4E84EC5E160DD96360EE9A937DE04B31" name="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5B1EF54C868D259448E6EF89139ABD5C" name="Comoros">Comoros</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="EB22D2AEC3F040B3FAF9B6D5F5D1B273" name="Republic of the Congo">Congo Republic</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="1988D242FABD414F0AE529808909A14A" name="Democratic Republic of the Congo">DR Congo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="444F349F081AFE57760D1A3DD342A24F" name="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="069B89102F912087A785CEFFD87A0E81" name="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F908B76236D1A75B83AEDD3D42048FBF" name="Gabon">Gabon</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9D9B70E292032CEC80ECB0D94DBF4B0D" name="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D941F63602F104859B0705861C95E8E5" name="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6191254EE6F729624ABE5A7CCB854A76" name="Kenya">Kenya</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9A35780B127FD7EF71BF018BB08A34A8" name="Lesotho">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="0DC4893CD944AFE2D978C39B7B81A38D" name="Madagascar">Madagascar</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="85869FE4AA94A01155CE6F340C8B9365" name="Malawi">Malawi</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="47EE255970BD1BE8F09BC2FF93A99EC3" name="Mayotte">Mayotte</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="ABB556E049FA80B271F30C0173D5D669" name="Mozambique">Mozambique</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="5E30AC94E69D4B4E13B2058B5A57FA32" name="Namibia">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="68DA270384212E85DDA97A4618ADD87D" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="20E959999425A5F41EA49D141DE428E4" name="Rwanda">Rwanda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D05C7ECDFBCA22D65FF5BFDC43CF7346" name="Sao Tome and Principe">São Tomé and Príncipe</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A3566F9466224AD0EB5600313EC4D6E4" name="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="61AAF31E6D8C25EDEE6D1E14B25F4EE3" name="Somalia">Somalia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AF5862A7730C8015167FA4E8CFD6E244" name="South Africa">South Africa</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="940D0681E83309F605C0EB8E255F9479" name="Tanzania">Tanzania</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="8106963B9CF699A2D88F6C60733FC36A" name="Togo">Togo</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9058496B08FB0DB60C79BD4499A2AD59" name="Uganda">Uganda</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="2CC29D2561FCB3BF072EE9EA8729F5E3" name="Zambia">Zambia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D7DC31E6EB6A6A44B266DF8D5715D8FB" name="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1BF35F06285BECDD49E3A861B4697CD2" ID-DOI="10.3897/phytokeys.250.136139.figure7" ID-arpha="47EF65DD-A6B0-5405-BF7A-9567BDF0A095" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1203851" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph id="D88BC762673ED92CF697FD9E6A1B2421">
|
||
<label id="2BCC33EA3C4C4010988E8DBB39F60244">Figure 7.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="571403AB765A60F7F0A80C11F95C7EAA">
|
||
Distribution map of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9A82EFD4E7176EB199202C510D5F7ACF" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Achyranthes" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F55E6462BAC4149FCFF41FBDAC3F30BC" italics="true">Achyranthes acuminata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EBKCI" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="71603203A18FEB86D4260E346501DEE5">
|
||
<heading id="8048D0CA5CE0831CC8124F0DE8897A37" reason="title">General distribution.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="ED990BD92774EE76724504A118D55461">Tropical Africa.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |