399 lines
61 KiB
XML
399 lines
61 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1D2E2B0714A56560858EC2B9390ED067">Descriptions of four new trapdoor spider species in the subfamily Ummidiinae from Thailand (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C156D66F45F5A30B9C255287AB965491">Decae, Arthur E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="17F18E8D5DA46334157D97F09E90FAE0">Natural History Museum Rotterdam, Westzeedijk 345 (Museumpark), 3015 AA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CCD2EECFB0EEB4D2C9E863EAA63E5202">Schwendinger, Peter J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A8EC18F21E560C1DD590928F1C3BF7B3">Muséum d’histoire naturelle de la Ville de Genève, c. p. 6404, CH- 1211 Genève 6, Switzerland.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="21D2233B5FD8A99E07F9BA8052E4FA8E">Hongpadharakiree, Komsan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FAB4E66D2B6922C554ECCD24B590184F">Sirinart Rajini Mangrove Ecosystem Learning Center, Pranburi, Prachuab Khiri Khan, Thailand.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="C38ED8A5299F7C71E6CA33A25EF55C5E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="532931EC47FE0A03C3042565806F04BC">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="675666D8BC2B210101753E64952A4AB9">2021-06-10</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B814217812BB5BBEB83ADDCFB09BEAEA">4984</mods:number>
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<treatment id="FB3B87832520FFBFFF7EFB44FF37F976" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5205977" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184412317" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5205977" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:FB3B87832520FFBFFF7EFB44FF37F976" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/FB3B87832520FFBFFF7EFB44FF37F976" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">
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<subSubSection id="3B88651E2520FFBDFF7EFB44FE11FB2B" box="[151,454,1194,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="732D36952520FFBDFF7EFB44FE11FB2B" blockId="1.[151,454,1194,1220]" box="[151,454,1194,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">
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<heading id="286581F92520FFBDFF7EFB44FE11FB2B" bold="true" box="[151,454,1194,1220]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="B4924D162520FFBDFF7EFB44FE11FB2B" authority="Ortiz, 2007" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2007" box="[151,454,1194,1220]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ummidiinae">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872520FFBDFF7EFB44FE11FB2B" bold="true" box="[151,454,1194,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">
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Ummidiinae
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<bibRefCitation id="17034B642520FFBDFED0FB44FE11FB2B" author="Ortiz, D." box="[313,454,1194,1220]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" pagination="395 - 396" refId="ref17276" refString="Ortiz, D. (2007) Ummidiinae, a new replacement name for Pachylomerinae Simon 1889 (Araneae: Ctenizidae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 40, 395 - 396." type="journal article" year="2007">Ortiz, 2007</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3B88651E2520FFBDFF7EFB01FB44FAE8" box="[151,1171,1263,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="732D36952520FFBDFF7EFB01FB44FAE8" blockId="1.[151,1436,1263,1349]" box="[151,1171,1263,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">
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Pachilomerinae
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<bibRefCitation id="17034B642520FFBDFED2FB01FDCAFAE8" author="Simon, E." box="[315,541,1263,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" pagination="169 - 220" refId="ref18013" refString="Simon, E. (1889) Voyage de M. E. Simon au Venezuela (decembre 1887 - avril 1888). 4 e Memoire. Arachnides. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de France, (6) 9, 169 - 220." type="journal article" year="1889">Simon 1889: 178–179</bibRefCitation>
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(sub Pachylomeri;
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<typeStatus id="AC2988372520FFBDFD0BFB1EFCD9FAE7" box="[738,782,1264,1288]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">type</typeStatus>
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genus
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<taxonomicName id="B4924D162520FFBDFCBCFB01FB50FAE8" authority="Ausserer, 1871" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[853,1159,1263,1287]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Pachylomerus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872520FFBDFCBCFB01FC31FAE8" box="[853,998,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">Pachylomerus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="17034B642520FFBDFC02FB01FB50FAE8" author="Ausserer, A." box="[1003,1159,1263,1287]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" pagination="117 - 224" refId="ref15588" refString="Ausserer, A. (1871) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Arachniden-Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae Autor). Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 21, 117 - 224, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1871">Ausserer, 1871</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3B88651E2520FFBDFF7EFAE0FB6FFAAB" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="732D36952520FFBDFF7EFAE0FB6FFAAB" blockId="1.[151,1436,1263,1349]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872520FFBDFF7EFAE0FF0DFAC9" bold="true" box="[151,218,1294,1318]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" reason="1">Notes.</emphasis>
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On grounds of preoccupation replaced with
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872520FFBDFD70FAE0FCEFFAC9" box="[665,824,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">Pachilomerides</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="17034B642520FFBDFCD4FAE0FC17FAC9" author="Strand, E." box="[829,960,1294,1318]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" pagination="271 - 277" refId="ref18222" refString="Strand, E. (1934) Miscellanea nomenclatorica zoologica et palaeontologica, VI. Folia zoologica et hydrobiologica (Organ des Systematisch-Zoologischen Instituts und der Hydrobiologischen Station der Universitat Lettlands, Riga), 6, 271 - 277." type="journal article" year="1934">Strand, 1934</bibRefCitation>
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, now considered a junior synonym of
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<taxonomicName id="B4924D162520FFBDFAD7FAE0FE0FFAAA" authority="Thorell, 1875" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872520FFBDFAD7FAE0FA4BFAC9" box="[1342,1436,1294,1318]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">Ummidia</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="17034B642520FFBDFF2EFAC2FE86FAAB" author="Thorell, T." box="[199,337,1324,1348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" pagination="81 - 108" refId="ref18263" refString="Thorell, T. (1875) Diagnoses aranearum Europaearum aliquot novarum. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 18, 81 - 108." type="journal article" year="1875">Thorell, 1875</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="17034B642520FFBDFEB7FAC2FE06FAAA" author="Ortiz, D." box="[350,465,1324,1349]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" pagination="395 - 396" refId="ref17276" refString="Ortiz, D. (2007) Ummidiinae, a new replacement name for Pachylomerinae Simon 1889 (Araneae: Ctenizidae). Boletin de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa, 40, 395 - 396." type="journal article" year="2007">Ortiz 2007</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. For a detailed review of the nomenclatural history see
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<bibRefCitation id="17034B642520FFBDFBE3FAC3FB63FAAB" author="Cameron, H. D." box="[1034,1204,1324,1349]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" pagination="327" refId="ref15824" refString="Cameron, H. D. (2005) An etymological dictionary of North American spider genus names. In: Ubick, D., Paquin, P., Cushing, P. E. & Roth, V. (Eds), Spiders of North America: an identification manual. American Arachnological Society, p. 327." type="book chapter" year="2005">Cameron (2005)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="3B88651E2520FFBDFF7EFA9CFD45FA3A" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="732D36952520FFBDFF7EFA9CFD45FA3A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1394,2033]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872520FFBDFF7EFA9CFEC5FA63" bold="true" box="[151,274,1394,1420]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B4924D162520FFBDFEFFFA9DFE75FA62" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2007" box="[278,418,1395,1421]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ummidiinae">Ummidiinae</taxonomicName>
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are readily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="B4924D162520FFBDFD1EFA9DFC65FA62" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[759,946,1395,1421]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Halonoproctinae">Halonoproctinae</taxonomicName>
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by the presence of clavate dorsal trichobothria on the tarsi of legs and palps (
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<bibRefCitation id="17034B642520FFBDFDE3FA79FD42FA5E" author="Decae, A. E." box="[522,661,1431,1457]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" pagination="328 - 340" refId="ref16015" refString="Decae, A. E. (2010) The genus Ummidia Thorell 1875 in the western Mediterranean, a review (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Ctenizidae). Journal of Arachnology, 38, 328 - 340. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / A 09 - 85.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Decae 2010</bibRefCitation>
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: fig. 1), by the fused, folium-shaped central sternal sigilla, and by the absence of lateral sternal sigilla (
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<figureCitation id="EBA92A102520FFBDFDEEFA55FD99FA3A" box="[519,590,1467,1493]" captionStart="FIGURES 2" captionStartId="2.[151,264,1811,1835]" captionTargetBox="[160,1427,927,1787]" captionTargetId="figure-65@2.[160,1427,927,1787]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURES 2A–F. Genus level diagnostic characters of Halonoproctidae. A–C Halonoproctinae genera (A Bothriocyrtum, B Cyclocosmia, C Hebestatis; note the pair of separated central sigilla and the presence of lateral sigilla [red ovals]). D–F Ummidiinae genera (D Ummidia, E Conothele, F Latouchia; note the fused central sigillum [red triangle] and the absence of lateral sigilla). Scale lines: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927329/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">Figs 2</figureCitation>
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D−F).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="3B88651E2520FFBFFF2EFA30FAE7FA96" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" type="description">
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<paragraph id="732D36952520FFBFFF2EFA30FEA5FB06" blockId="1.[151,1437,1394,2033]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1437,151,1689]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="303" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872520FFBDFF2EFA30FE8EFA17" bold="true" box="[199,345,1502,1528]" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">Description.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B4924D162520FFBDFE8CFA31FE26FA16" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2007" box="[357,497,1503,1529]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ummidiinae">Ummidiinae</taxonomicName>
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are medium-sized trapdoor spiders. Total body lengths in a sample containing representatives from all three genera (
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<taxonomicName id="B4924D162520FFBDFDD5F9EDFD73F9F2" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[572,676,1539,1565]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872520FFBDFDD5F9EDFD73F9F2" box="[572,676,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">Ummidia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B4924D162520FFBDFD58F9EDFCF3F9F2" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1878" box="[689,804,1539,1565]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872520FFBDFD58F9EDFCF3F9F2" box="[689,804,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">Conothele</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="B4924D162520FFBDFCD8F9EDFC74F9F2" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[817,931,1539,1565]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="41E6EA872520FFBDFCD8F9EDFC74F9F2" box="[817,931,1539,1565]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="301">Latouchia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) show lengths of females ranging from 7.3 to 26.9 (n = 45) and lengths of males ranging from 8.9 to 16.6 (n = 23). Prosoma: Carapace of females and juveniles longer than wide (average CW/CL = 0.87, SD = 0.05, n = 45), surface smooth, shining as if polished, bristles sparse or absent; cephalic part strongly elevated, with or without a depression behind eye group; all eyes on a distinct ocular tubercle near anterior margin of carapace; fovea deep, strongly procurved. Carapace of males rounded in dorsal view, slightly longer than wide (average CW/CL = 0.94, SD = 0.04, n = 23), surface dull, coriaceous; cephalic part slightly or strongly elevated, bristles, eye group and fovea as in females. Eye group wider than long (EL/PR ranging between 0.5 and
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<quantity id="B46A9B702520FFBDFE46F911FE39F8F6" box="[431,494,1791,1817]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="1" pageNumber="301" unit="in" value="0.6">0.6 in</quantity>
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24 species representing all three genera); arrangement of eyes, relative eye sizes and distances between eyes variable between species and species groups. Chelicerae with apical rastellum on proximal article; cheliceral furrow with rows of teeth on both sides; fangs with smooth or serrated ventral keel. Palpal coxa with cuspules compactly grouped or scattered in proximal half; prolateral-distal lobe small, rounded or absent. Labium semi-dome-shaped, proximally wider than long, with or without cuspules. Sternum longer than wide, with diagnostic fused and folium-shaped central sigilla. Palps of females and juveniles leg-like, with dense bands of curvy spines along lateral sides of tarsi and tibiae, ventral and dorsal spines absent, few clavate trichobothria on dorsal side of tarsi, claws with a strong proximal tooth; palps of males with aspinose cymbium and with clavate dorsal trichobothria. Legs: Posterior legs stronger than anterior ones; dense bands of mainly curvy spines along lateral sides of tarsi, metatarsi and tibiae of anterior legs, males with straight spines arranged in compact groups on leg III and rarely on leg IV; scopulae ventrally on leg tarsi in males (absent in females), scopulae on anterior tarsi more strongly developed than on posterior tarsi, scopulae generally absent on leg IV; no apophyses, spurs or clasping hooks (as found in males of some
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFD7BFEA5FC87FE8A" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[658,848,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Halonoproctinae">Halonoproctinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, i.e.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFC60FEA5FC28FE8A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[905,1023,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Hebestatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFC60FEA5FC28FE8A" box="[905,1023,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Hebestatis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFBD2FEA5FB09FE8A" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1891" box="[1083,1246,331,357]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Bothriocyrtum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFBD2FEA5FB09FE8A" box="[1083,1246,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Bothriocyrtum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) present; leg III very stout in females and juveniles, less so in males, variable in shape between genera and species groups; tibia III of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFF5EFE7DFEC8FE42" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[183,287,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFF5EFE7DFEC8FE42" box="[183,287,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Ummidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFEB0FE7DFE1BFE42" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1878" box="[345,460,403,429]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFEB0FE7DFE1BFE42" box="[345,460,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
more than half as long as femur III (average TibIII/FemIII = 0.6, n = 30), and with a glabrous, strongly sclerotized saddle-shaped depression situated between two unpigmented crescent-shaped zones (here further referred to as ‘saddle crescents’) dorsally on tibia III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102522FFBFFC79FE35FBC7FE1A" box="[912,1040,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURES 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1054,1078]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,181,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[160,1428,181,1029]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3A−F. Leg III morphology in Ummidiinae females (A, D Ummidia sp.; B, E Conothele sp.; C, F Latouchia sp.).A–B Tibia (note similarity between both genera). C Tibia (note absence of sd and sc). D–E Trochanter III (note similarity between both genera). F Trochanter III (note absence of tp). Abbreviations: sc—saddle crescent, sd—saddle-shaped dorsal depression, tp—prodorsal protuberance." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Figs 3A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
), and with a conical prodorsal protuberance on trochanter III (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102522FFBFFE30FE11FDF7FDF6" box="[473,544,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURES 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1054,1078]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,181,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[160,1428,181,1029]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3A−F. Leg III morphology in Ummidiinae females (A, D Ummidia sp.; B, E Conothele sp.; C, F Latouchia sp.).A–B Tibia (note similarity between both genera). C Tibia (note absence of sd and sc). D–E Trochanter III (note similarity between both genera). F Trochanter III (note absence of tp). Abbreviations: sc—saddle crescent, sd—saddle-shaped dorsal depression, tp—prodorsal protuberance." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Figs 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D−E); tibia III of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFD18FE11FCB4FDF6" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[753,867,511,537]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFD18FE11FCB4FDF6" box="[753,867,511,537]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Latouchia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shorter than half the length of femur III (average TibIII/FemIII = 0.4, n = 17), saddle-shaped depression, saddle crescents and trochanter protuberance usually absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102522FFBFFF76FDA9FECEFD8E" box="[159,281,583,609]" captionStart="FIGURES 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1054,1078]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,181,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[160,1428,181,1029]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3A−F. Leg III morphology in Ummidiinae females (A, D Ummidia sp.; B, E Conothele sp.; C, F Latouchia sp.).A–B Tibia (note similarity between both genera). C Tibia (note absence of sd and sc). D–E Trochanter III (note similarity between both genera). F Trochanter III (note absence of tp). Abbreviations: sc—saddle crescent, sd—saddle-shaped dorsal depression, tp—prodorsal protuberance." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Figs 3C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
), however, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFE2CFDA9FD59FD8E" box="[453,654,583,609]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFE2CFDA9FDE0FD8E" box="[453,567,583,609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Latouchia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
described in here have a more or less distinctly pronounced proximal constriction of tibia III (here referred to as ‘demi-saddle’) suggesting an intermediate evolutionary stage between lineages with a fully developed saddle (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFDBCFD61FD6AFD46" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[597,701,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFDBCFD61FD6AFD46" box="[597,701,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Ummidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFD1DFD61FCB0FD46" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1878" box="[756,871,655,681]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFD1DFD61FCB0FD46" box="[756,871,655,681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and those without saddle or constriction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102522FFBFFAAEFD61FA4BFD46" box="[1351,1436,655,681]" captionStart="FIGURES 3" captionStartId="4.[151,264,1054,1078]" captionTargetBox="[160,1428,181,1029]" captionTargetId="figure-19@4.[160,1428,181,1029]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURES 3A−F. Leg III morphology in Ummidiinae females (A, D Ummidia sp.; B, E Conothele sp.; C, F Latouchia sp.).A–B Tibia (note similarity between both genera). C Tibia (note absence of sd and sc). D–E Trochanter III (note similarity between both genera). F Trochanter III (note absence of tp). Abbreviations: sc—saddle crescent, sd—saddle-shaped dorsal depression, tp—prodorsal protuberance." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927331" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927331/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102522FFBFFF53FD5DFF29FD22" box="[186,254,691,717]" captionStart="FIGURES 9" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1280,1304]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,417,1257]" captionTargetId="figure-138@14.[156,1432,417,1257]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 9A−J. Latouchia incerta spec. nov., females (A−D, I paratype PS-013; E Surin, prison, 150 m; F paratype PS-010; G paratype PS-012; H paratype PS-011; J Surin, Ramkhamhaeng, 150 m). A Habitus, dorsal. B–C Right tibia and patella III (B prolateral, C retrolateral). D Spinnerets, ventral. E−J Variation in the monopartite spermathecae of six specimens (note short, compact racemose structures). Abbreviatons: ds—demi-saddle, ms—macro spigots on medial article of PLS, sf—distal spigot field on PMS." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927345/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
B−C, 11B−C) (in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFE2FFD5DFDEFFD22" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[454,568,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus" sensu="stricto">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFE2FFD5DFDEFFD22" box="[454,568,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Latouchia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="5AD557FC2522FFBFFDD7FD5DFD1CFD22" box="[574,715,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" sensu="stricto">sensu stricto</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, as represented by the
|
||
<typeStatus id="AC2988372522FFBFFC2DFD5DFC23FD22" box="[964,1012,691,717]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFB0FFD5DFA8AFD22" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1254,1373,691,717]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fossoria">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFB0FFD5DFA8AFD22" box="[1254,1373,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">L. fossoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, tibia III is cylindrical, without a constriction;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642522FFBFFDB0FD39FCB9FD1E" author="Decae, A. E. & Caranhac, G." box="[601,878,727,753]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" pagination="563 - 568" refId="ref16110" refString="Decae, A. E. & Caranhac, G. (2020) The genus Latouchia Pocock, 1901: a taxonomic update (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Ummidiinae). Arachnology, 18 (6), 563 - 568. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2020.18.6.563" type="journal article" year="2020">Decae & Caranhac 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 3); leg IV being the longest leg, with or without dense concentration of short spines on dorsal side of patella in females. Tarsal claws: PTC with one or few large proximal teeth with or without small auxiliary teeth; 3
|
||
<superScript id="84E79BDD2522FFBFFCECFCF0FCC4FCC3" attach="left" box="[773,787,798,812]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">rd</superScript>
|
||
claw smooth. Spine patterns: sexually dimorphic, spines in males mostly spread out over articles of legs and palps, in females mostly tightly grouped; location, presence or absence of spines and spine-groups presumably of diagnostic value at genus or species level. Opisthosoma soft, ovoid, dorsal surface with or without small wart-shaped bristle sockets. Spinnerets very short, PMS with distinct apical spigot field, PLS composed of three articles with or without macro-spigots. Genital organs: spermathecae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFF5FFC3DFEC9FC02" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[182,286,979,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFF5FFC3DFEC9FC02" box="[182,286,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Ummidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFEB0FC3DFE1BFC02" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1878" box="[345,460,979,1005]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFEB0FC3DFE1BFC02" box="[345,460,979,1005]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
typically tripartite, with membranous, tube-shaped proximal part, sclerotized median part, and membranous, globular distal part (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102522FFBFFD6EFC19FD1BFBFE" box="[647,716,1014,1041]" captionStart="FIGURES 5" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1387,1411]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,633,1364]" captionTargetId="figure-246@7.[152,1435,633,1364]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 5A−M. Conothele martensi spec. nov., females (A−F paratype PS-001A; G paratype PS-001B; H paratype PS- 001D; I Chiang Dao, 400 m; J paratype PS-001C; K Doi Saket, 400 m; L Ban Pong, 300 m; M Doi Suthep, 580 m). A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C–D Right tibia and patella III (C prolateral, D retrolateral; note tibia-saddle and reduced saddlecrescent). E Spinnerets, ventral. F–K Variation in the tripartite spermathecae of eight specimens (note twisted medial part and anteriad globular apical part). Abbreviatons: ms—macrospigots on proximal and median article of PLS, rsc—reduced saddlecrescent, sc—saddle-crescent, tw—twisted medial part of spermathecae." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927337" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927337/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Figs 5</figureCitation>
|
||
F−K, 7F−H); spermathecae in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFBC3FC19FB4BFBFE" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1066,1180,1015,1041]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFBC3FC19FB4BFBFE" box="[1066,1180,1015,1041]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Latouchia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are either monopartite or bipartite (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642522FFBFFECBFBF5FE40FBDA" author="Ono, H." box="[290,407,1051,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 12" refId="ref17019" refString="Ono, H. (2010) Four new spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) of the families Liphistiidae, Ctenizidae, Araneidae and Ctenidae from Vietnam. Memoirs of the National Museum of Nature and Science Tokyo, 46, 1 - 12." type="journal article" year="2010">Ono 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 21;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642522FFBFFE12FBF5FD52FBDA" author="Decae, A. E." box="[507,645,1051,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" pagination="275 - 289" refId="ref16067" refString="Decae, A. E. (2019) Three new species in the genus Latouchia Pocock, 1901 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Halonoproctidae) from Vietnam. Revue suisse de Zoologie, 126 (2), 275 - 289." type="journal article" year="2019">Decae 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 18, 38, 39, 46, 47;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642522FFBFFC7FFBF5FB7AFBDA" author="Decae, A. E. & Caranhac, G." box="[918,1197,1051,1077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" pagination="563 - 568" refId="ref16110" refString="Decae, A. E. & Caranhac, G. (2020) The genus Latouchia Pocock, 1901: a taxonomic update (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Ummidiinae). Arachnology, 18 (6), 563 - 568. https: // doi. org / 10.13156 / arac. 2020.18.6.563" type="journal article" year="2020">Decae & Caranhac 2020</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: figs 11, 26), ranging from simple membranous columnar or knob-shaped structures to more complex racemose structures with clusters of vesicles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102522FFBFFEF4FB8DFEB4FB92" box="[285,355,1123,1149]" captionStart="FIGURES 9" captionStartId="14.[151,264,1280,1304]" captionTargetBox="[156,1432,417,1257]" captionTargetId="figure-138@14.[156,1432,417,1257]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURES 9A−J. Latouchia incerta spec. nov., females (A−D, I paratype PS-013; E Surin, prison, 150 m; F paratype PS-010; G paratype PS-012; H paratype PS-011; J Surin, Ramkhamhaeng, 150 m). A Habitus, dorsal. B–C Right tibia and patella III (B prolateral, C retrolateral). D Spinnerets, ventral. E−J Variation in the monopartite spermathecae of six specimens (note short, compact racemose structures). Abbreviatons: ds—demi-saddle, ms—macro spigots on medial article of PLS, sf—distal spigot field on PMS." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927345" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927345/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Figs 9</figureCitation>
|
||
E−J, 11E−L; palpal organs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFD5CFB8DFCCAFB92" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[693,797,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFD5CFB8DFCCAFB92" box="[693,797,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Ummidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFCC2FB8DFC49FB92" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1878" box="[811,926,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFCC2FB8DFC49FB92" box="[811,926,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFBFAFB8DFB0AFB92" box="[1043,1245,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFBFAFB8DFB52FB92" box="[1043,1157,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Latouchia</emphasis>
|
||
species
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
proximally pyriform, with an elongated, usually sharply pointed embolus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102522FFBFFCD1FB69FC57FB4E" box="[824,896,1159,1185]" captionStart="FIGURES 4" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[204,1384,186,973]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[204,1384,181,978]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4A−L. Conothele martensi spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Left tarsus I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F retrolateral, G prolateral). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip. ab—spine row absent, dh—spines in distal half of tibia only, ne—narrowing of embolus, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, st—slightly swollen tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927335/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
H−L, 6H−L, 8F−J, 10F−J); emboli in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFADDFB69FA4BFB4E" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[1332,1436,1159,1185]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFADDFB69FA4BFB4E" box="[1332,1436,1159,1185]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Ummidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFF2EFB45FEEDFB2A" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1878" box="[199,314,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFF2EFB45FEEDFB2A" box="[199,314,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
very slender and more or less flexible (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102522FFBFFD14FB45FC93FB2A" box="[765,836,1195,1221]" captionStart="FIGURES 4" captionStartId="6.[151,264,1002,1026]" captionTargetBox="[204,1384,186,973]" captionTargetId="figure-19@6.[204,1384,181,978]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURES 4A−L. Conothele martensi spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Carapace, lateral. C Left tarsus I, retrolateral. D–E Distal part of forelegs, ventral (D leg I, E leg II). F–G Left tibia and patella III (F retrolateral, G prolateral). H−K Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (H ventral, I prolateral, J dorsal, K retrolateral). L Harpoon-shaped embolus tip. ab—spine row absent, dh—spines in distal half of tibia only, ne—narrowing of embolus, rsc—reduced saddle-crescent, st—slightly swollen tarsus." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927335" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927335/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Figs 4</figureCitation>
|
||
H−K, 6H−K), in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFBEEFB45FBAEFB2A" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1031,1145,1195,1221]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFBEEFB45FBAEFB2A" box="[1031,1145,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Latouchia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stronger and more sturdy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="EBA92A102522FFBFFF76FB21FF33FB06" box="[159,228,1231,1257]" captionStart="FIGURES 8" captionStartId="13.[151,264,928,952]" captionTargetBox="[159,1428,181,905]" captionTargetId="figure-21@13.[159,1428,181,905]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURES 8A−J. Latouchia incerta spec. nov., holotype male. A Habitus, dorsal. B Left palp, retrolateral. C Tarsus and distal part of metatarsus of left leg I, retrolateral. D–E Left tibia and patella III (D prolateral, E retrolateral). F−I Right palpal organ, clock-wise rotated by 90° (F ventral, G prolateral, H dorsal, I retrolateral). J Embolus tip, retrolateral. Abbreviatons: el—elongated articles of palp, k—keel of embolus tip." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927343" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927343/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Figs 8</figureCitation>
|
||
F−I, 10F−I).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="27ED661D2523FFBEFF7EFCA5FAA6FC68" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927327" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927327" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927327/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" startId="2.[151,250,843,867]" targetBox="[152,1435,179,817]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="732D36952523FFBEFF7EFCA5FAA6FC68" blockId="2.[151,1436,843,903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFF7EFCA5FEC2FC8C" bold="true" box="[151,277,843,867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Type localities of all species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162523FFBEFDA2FCA5FD1DFC8C" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2007" box="[587,714,843,867]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ummidiinae">Ummidiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
listed in the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642523FFBEFCBAFCA5FBA9FC8C" author="World Spider Catalog" box="[851,1150,843,867]" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" refId="ref18588" refString="World Spider Catalog (2021) World Spider Catalog, version 22.0. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed on 23 March 2021). https: // doi. org / 10.24436 / 2" type="book" year="2021">World Spider Catalog (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and of the four species described in here. Red dots
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFE7BFC81FE7CFC68" bold="true" box="[402,427,879,903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162523FFBEFE45FC81FDDDFC68" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[428,522,879,903]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFE45FC81FDDDFC68" box="[428,522,879,903]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">Ummidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(55 species), blue dots
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFD1AFC81FCDBFC68" bold="true" box="[755,780,879,903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162523FFBEFCE5FC81FCA3FC68" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1878" box="[780,884,879,903]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFCE5FC81FCA3FC68" box="[780,884,879,903]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(32 species), green dots
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFB83FC81FB54FC68" bold="true" box="[1130,1155,879,903]" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">—</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162523FFBEFB6AFC81FB3DFC68" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1155,1258,879,903]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFB6AFC81FB3DFC68" box="[1155,1258,879,903]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">Latouchia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(22 species).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="27ED661D2523FFBEFF7EF8FDFE71F879" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4927329" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927329" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4927329/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" startId="2.[151,264,1811,1835]" targetBox="[160,1427,927,1787]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="732D36952523FFBEFF7EF8FDFE71F879" blockId="2.[151,1436,1811,1943]" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFF7EF8FDFE98F8C4" bold="true" box="[151,335,1811,1835]" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">FIGURES 2A–F.</emphasis>
|
||
Genus level diagnostic characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162523FFBEFD33F8FDFC51F8C4" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[730,902,1811,1835]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Halonoproctidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A–C
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162523FFBEFC20F8FDFBA5F8C4" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[969,1138,1811,1835]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Halonoproctinae">Halonoproctinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera (A
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162523FFBEFB00F8FDFAAAF8C4" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1891" box="[1257,1405,1811,1835]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Bothriocyrtum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFB00F8FDFAAAF8C4" box="[1257,1405,1811,1835]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">Bothriocyrtum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, B
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162523FFBEFF7EF8D9FECDF8A0" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[151,282,1847,1871]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyclocosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFF7EF8D9FECDF8A0" box="[151,282,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">Cyclocosmia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, C
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162523FFBEFEA9F8D9FE7CF8A0" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[320,427,1847,1871]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Hebestatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFEA9F8D9FE7CF8A0" box="[320,427,1847,1871]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">Hebestatis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; note the pair of separated central sigilla and the presence of lateral sigilla [red ovals]). D–F
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162523FFBEFA87F8D9FF27F89C" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2007" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ummidiinae">Ummidiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
genera (D
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162523FFBEFE89F8B5FE69F89C" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[352,446,1883,1907]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFE89F8B5FE69F89C" box="[352,446,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">Ummidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, E
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162523FFBEFE09F8B5FD9FF89C" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1878" box="[480,584,1883,1907]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFE09F8B5FD9FF89C" box="[480,584,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, F
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162523FFBEFD81F8B5FD18F89C" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[616,719,1883,1907]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="2" pageNumber="302" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872523FFBEFD81F8B5FD18F89C" box="[616,719,1883,1907]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="302">Latouchia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; note the fused central sigillum [red triangle] and the absence of lateral sigilla). Scale lines: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="732D36952522FFBFFF2EFB1CFAE7FA96" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFF2EFB1CFE6EFAE3" bold="true" box="[199,441,1266,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Sexual dimorphism.</emphasis>
|
||
As in most fossorial mygalomorph spiders, sexual dimorphism in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFB50FB1DFA92FAE2" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2007" box="[1209,1349,1267,1293]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ummidiinae">Ummidiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very pronounced. Females and juveniles are sturdy, short-legged spiders. Males, in contrast, are more long-legged. The differences reflect morphological adaptations to markedly different ways of life: females and juveniles of both sexes are sedentary burrow dwellers, whereas adult males abandon their burrows and roam in search for mates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="3B88651E2522FFBFFF2EFA6DFF37F976" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="732D36952522FFBFFF2EFA6DFE5DF9BE" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFF2EFA6DFE9DFA72" bold="true" box="[199,330,1411,1437]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Taxonomy.</emphasis>
|
||
In the current taxonomical system the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFD13FA6DFC51FA72" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2007" box="[762,902,1411,1437]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ummidiinae">Ummidiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
are recognized as a subfamily within the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFF7EFA49FDD5FA2E" authority="(Pocock 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[151,514,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
|
||
Halonoproctidae (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642522FFBFFE88FA49FE2DFA2E" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[353,506,1447,1473]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" pagination="340 - 368" refId="ref17562" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1903) The geographical distribution of spiders of the order Mygalomorphae. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 73 (1 - 2), 340 - 368." type="journal article" year="1903">Pocock 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Recent phylogenetic analyses have indicated that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFB84FA49FAFFFA2E" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[1133,1320,1447,1473]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Halonoproctidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
constitute a monophyletic family-level unit distinct from the family
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFCC1FA25FC77FA0A" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1887" box="[808,928,1483,1509]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Ctenizidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
in which it had formerly been included. The
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFF7EFA01FE85F9E6" baseAuthorityName="Pocock" baseAuthorityYear="1903" box="[151,338,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Halonoproctidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
were redefined to include the subfamilies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFCD9FA01FC3CF9E6" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[816,1003,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Halonoproctinae">Halonoproctinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFBA4FA01FA4FF9E6" authority="Simon, 1891 b" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1891" box="[1101,1432,1519,1545]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Bothriocyrtum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFBA4FA01FB27F9E6" box="[1101,1264,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Bothriocyrtum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642522FFBFFB1EFA01FA4FF9E6" author="Simon, E." box="[1271,1432,1519,1545]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" pagination="307 - 326" refId="ref18096" refString="Simon, E. (1891 b) Liste des especes de la famille des Aviculariidae qui habitent le Mexique et l'Amerique du Nord. Actes de la Societe Linneenne de Bordeaux, 44, 307 - 326" type="journal article" year="1891">Simon, 1891b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFF7EF9FDFE7EF9C2" authority="Simon, 1903" authorityName="Simon" authorityYear="1903" box="[151,425,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Hebestatis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFF7EF9FDFEDAF9C2" box="[151,269,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Hebestatis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642522FFBFFEFCF9FDFE7EF9C2" author="Simon, E." box="[277,425,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" pagination="21 - 39" refId="ref18134" refString="Simon, E. (1903) Descriptions d'arachnides nouveaux. Annales de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 47, 21 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 25299" type="journal article" year="1903">Simon, 1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFE5CF9FDFD20F9C2" authority="Ausserer, 1871" authorityName="Ausserer" authorityYear="1871" box="[437,759,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Cyclocosmia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFE5CF9FDFD91F9C2" box="[437,582,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Cyclocosmia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642522FFBFFDA4F9FDFD20F9C2" author="Ausserer, A." box="[589,759,1555,1581]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" pagination="117 - 224" refId="ref15588" refString="Ausserer, A. (1871) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Arachniden-Familie der Territelariae Thorell (Mygalidae Autor). Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 21, 117 - 224, pl. 1." type="journal article" year="1871">Ausserer, 1871</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFCD1F9FDFC13F9C2" authorityName="Ortiz" authorityYear="2007" box="[824,964,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Halonoproctidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Ummidiinae">Ummidiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFBC1F9FDFB47F9C2" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[1064,1168,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFBC1F9FDFB47F9C2" box="[1064,1168,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Ummidia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFB76F9FDFAC5F9C2" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1878" box="[1183,1298,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFB76F9FDFAC5F9C2" box="[1183,1298,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFAC8F9FDFA44F9C2" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[1313,1427,1555,1581]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFAC8F9FDFA44F9C2" box="[1313,1427,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Latouchia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642522FFBFFF76F9D9FEA9F9BE" author="Godwin, R. L. & Opatova, V. & Garrison, N. L. & Hamilton, C. A. & Bond, J. E." box="[159,382,1591,1617]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" pagination="303 - 313" refId="ref16389" refString="Godwin, R. L., Opatova, V., Garrison, N. L., Hamilton, C. A. & Bond, J. E. (2018) Phylogeny of a cosmopolitan family of morphologically conserved trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae) using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment, with a description of the family Halonoproctidae Pocock 1901. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 126, 303 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2018.04.008" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Godwin
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFEEBF9D9FEE4F9BE" box="[258,307,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="732D36952522FFBFFF2EF9B5FF37F976" blockId="3.[151,1437,151,1689]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFF2EF9B5FE46F99A" bold="true" box="[199,401,1627,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Included genera.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFE73F9B5FD70F99A" authority="Thorell, 1875" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1875" box="[410,679,1626,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Ummidia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFE73F9B5FDD5F99A" box="[410,514,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Ummidia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642522FFBFFDE3F9B5FD70F99A" author="Thorell, T." box="[522,679,1626,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" pagination="81 - 108" refId="ref18263" refString="Thorell, T. (1875) Diagnoses aranearum Europaearum aliquot novarum. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, 18, 81 - 108." type="journal article" year="1875">Thorell, 1875</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFD5CF9B5FC1AF99A" authority="Thorell, 1878" authorityName="Thorell" authorityYear="1878" box="[693,973,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Conothele" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFD5CF9B5FCFFF99A" box="[693,808,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Conothele</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642522FFBFFCD9F9B5FC1AF99A" author="Thorell, T." box="[816,973,1627,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" pagination="1 - 317" refId="ref18286" refString="Thorell, T. (1878) Studi sui ragni Malesi e Papuani. II. Ragni di Amboina raccolti dal Prof. O. Beccari. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 13, 1 - 317." type="journal article" year="1878">Thorell, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B4924D162522FFBFFC33F9B5FB39F99A" authority="Pocock, 1901" authorityName="Pocock" authorityYear="1901" box="[986,1262,1627,1653]" class="Arachnida" family="Ctenizidae" genus="Latouchia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFC33F9B5FB9BF99A" box="[986,1100,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">Latouchia</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642522FFBFFBBDF9B5FB39F99A" author="Pocock, R. I." box="[1108,1262,1627,1653]" pageId="3" pageNumber="303" pagination="207 - 215" refId="ref17505" refString="Pocock, R. I. (1901) On some new trap-door spiders from China. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 70 (2), 207 - 215, pl. 21. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1901. tb 08540. x" type="journal article" year="1901">Pocock, 1901</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="17034B642522FFBFFB17F9B5FF03F976" author="Godwin, R. L. & Opatova, V. & Garrison, N. L. & Hamilton, C. A. & Bond, J. E." pageId="3" pageNumber="303" pagination="303 - 313" refId="ref16389" refString="Godwin, R. L., Opatova, V., Garrison, N. L., Hamilton, C. A. & Bond, J. E. (2018) Phylogeny of a cosmopolitan family of morphologically conserved trapdoor spiders (Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae) using Anchored Hybrid Enrichment, with a description of the family Halonoproctidae Pocock 1901. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 126, 303 - 313. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2018.04.008" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Godwin
|
||
<emphasis id="41E6EA872522FFBFFA8AF9B5FA42F99A" box="[1379,1429,1627,1653]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="303">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |