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<mods:title id="DC560621E039718385864D13153B9A23">A checklist of trematodes (Platyhelminthes) transmitted by Melanoides tuberculata (Mollusca: Thiaridae)</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759829D872F6FC81DDFE221FB0" ID-CoL="7NHT8" authority="Leiper, 1909" authorityName="Leiper" authorityYear="1909" box="[151,497,1155,1181]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="family">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F6FC81DDFE221FB0" bold="true" box="[151,497,1155,1181]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Heterophyidae Leiper, 1909</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759829D872F6FC8195FDFE1FCF" authority="Leiper, 1913" authorityName="Leiper" authorityYear="1913" box="[151,557,1226,1251]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Centrocestus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="caninus">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F6FC8195FE551FCE" box="[151,390,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Centrocestus caninus</emphasis>
(Leiper, 1913)
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Pleurolophocercous; mammals; 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F46B81B0FD811E2B" box="[512,594,1262,1286]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F40B81B0FC9C1E2B" author="Waikagul" box="[608,847,1262,1287]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Waikagul, J., Visiassuk, K. &amp; Sanguankait, S. (1990) Study on the life-cycle of Centrocestus caninus Leiper, 1913 (Digenea: Heterophyidae) in Thailand. Journal of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 13, 50 - 56." type="journal article" year="1990">
Waikagul 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F4BF81AEFCD61E2B" box="[724,773,1262,1287]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 1990
</bibRefCitation>
). * (
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F6D8804CFE711E07" author="Waikagul" box="[179,418,1298,1323]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Waikagul, J., Wongsaroj, T., Radomyos, P., Meesomboon, V., Praewanich, R. &amp; Jongsuksuntikul, P. (1997) Human infection of Centrocestus caninus in Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 28, 831 - 835." type="journal article" year="1997">
Waikagul 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F74C804AFE8B1E06" box="[295,344,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 1997
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).
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<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759829D872F6FC8005FDA81E5F" ID-CoL="84795" authority="Nishigori, 1924" authorityName="Nishigori" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,635,1370,1395]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Centrocestus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="formosanus">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F6FC8005FE611E5E" box="[151,434,1371,1395]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Centrocestus formosanus</emphasis>
(
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)
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Pleurolophocercous; birds and mammals; 
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(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F4AE8020FC961EBB" author="Chen" box="[709,837,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Chen, H. T. (1948) Some early larval stages of Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924). Lingnan Science Journal, 22, 93 - 105." type="journal article" year="1948">Chen 1948</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F5398020FBC21EBB" author="Chao" box="[850,1041,1406,1431]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Chao, D., Wang, L. &amp; Huang, T. (1993) Prevalence of larval helminths in freshwater snails of the Kinmen Islands. Journal of Helminthology, 67, 259 - 264." type="journal article" year="1993">
Chao 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F5FE80DEFC141EBB" box="[917,967,1406,1431]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 1993
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F24C8021FBB41EBB" box="[1063,1127,1407,1430]" name="Japan" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F21D8020FAF61EBB" author="Yanohara" box="[1142,1317,1406,1430]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Yanohara, Y. (1985) On analysis of transmission dynamics of trematode infection. 1. Centrocestus formosanus infection in Miyakojima, Okinawa. Japanese Journal of Parasitology, 34, 55 - 70." type="journal article" year="1985">Yanohara 1985</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F3598020FE9F1E97" author="Yanohara" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Yanohara, Y., Nojima, H. &amp; Sato, A. (1987) Incidence of Centrocestus formosanus infection in snails. Journal of Parasitology, 73, 434 - 436." type="journal article" year="1987">
Yanohara 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F6AE80FAFF2F1E96" box="[197,252,1443,1467]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 1987
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F70E80FCFE691E97" box="[357,442,1442,1466]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F7A580FCFD2C1E97" author="Arizmendi-Espinosa" box="[462,767,1442,1466]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Arizmendi-Espinosa, M. A. (1992) Descripcion de algunas etapas larvarias y de la fase adulta de Centrocestus formosanus de Tezontepec de Aldama, Hidalgo. Anales del Instituto de Biologia. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Serie Zoologia, 63, 1 - 11." type="journal article" year="1992">Arizmendi-Espinosa 1992</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F57B80FDFB231E97" author="Amaya-Huerta" box="[784,1264,1442,1467]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Amaya-Huerta, D. &amp; Almeyda-Artigas, J. (1994) Confirmation of Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924) Price, 1932 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in Mexico. Research and Reviews in Parasitology, 54, 99 - 103." type="journal article" year="1994">Amaya-Huerta &amp; Almeyda-Artigas 1994</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F36980FCFE701EF3" author="Salgado-Maldonado" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Salgado-Maldonado, G., Rodriguez-Vargas, M. I. &amp; Campos-Perez, J. J. (1995) Metacercariae of Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924) (Trematoda) in freshwater fishes in Mexico and their transmission by the thiarid snail Melanoides tuberculata. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 30, 245 - 250." type="journal article" year="1995">
Salgado-Maldonado 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F7498096FE851EF3" box="[290,342,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 1995
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F7D98098FC821EF3" author="Scholz" box="[434,849,1478,1502]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Scholz, T. &amp; Salgado-Maldonado, G. (2000) The introduction and dispersal of Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924) (Digenea: Heterophyidae) in Mexico: a review. American Midland Naturalist, 143, 185 - 200." type="journal article" year="2000">Scholz &amp; Salgado-Maldonado 2000</bibRefCitation>
; Scholz 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F5DC8096FC381EF3" box="[951,1003,1478,1503]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 2000; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F22C8098FACD1EF3" author="Ortega" box="[1095,1310,1478,1502]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Ortega, C., Fajardo, R. &amp; Enriquez, R. (2009) Trematode Centrocestus formosanus infection and distribution in ornamental fishes in Mexico. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 21, 18 - 22." type="journal article" year="2009">Ortega et al. 2009</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F35E8098FA4F1EF3" box="[1333,1436,1478,1502]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F6A780B4FDC51D2F" author="Bayssade-Dufour" box="[204,534,1514,1539]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Bayssade-Dufour, C., Albaret, J. L. &amp; Ow-Yang, C. K. (1982) Sensillae and protonephridia of cercaria of Centrocestus formosanus and Centrocestus sp. (Centrocestinae, Heterophyidae). Annales de Parasitologie Humaine et Comparee, 57, 565 - 572." type="journal article" year="1982">
Bayssade-Dufour 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F7F180B2FE181D2E" box="[410,459,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 1982
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F44180B4FDAF1D2F" box="[554,636,1514,1538]" name="Taiwan" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F4E780B4FC981D2F" author="Lo" box="[652,843,1514,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Lo, C. T. &amp; Lee, K. M. (1996 a) Infectivity of the cercariae of Centrocestus formosanus and Haplorchis pumilio (Digenea: Heterophyidae) in Cyprinus carpio. Zoological Studies, 35, 305 - 309." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="a">Lo &amp; Lee 1996a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F53C80B4FCB41D2F" author="Lo" box="[855,871,1514,1538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Lo, C. T. &amp; Lee, K. M. (1996 b) Pattern of emergence, and the effects of temperature and light on the emergence and survival of heterophyid cercariae (Centrocestus formosanus and Haplorchis pumilio). Journal of Parasitology, 82, 347 - 350." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F51780B4FC651D2F" box="[892,950,1514,1538]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">India</collectingCountry>
(Nath, 1972; Madhavi 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F2D480B2FB221D2E" box="[1215,1265,1515,1539]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 1997), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F33B80B4FED41D0B" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F77C8350FE2D1D0B" author="Mitchell" box="[279,510,1550,1575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Mitchell, A. J., Goodwin, A. E., Salmon, M. J. &amp; Brandt, T. M. (2002) Experimental infection of an exotic heterophyid trematode, Centrocestus formosanus, in four aquaculture fishes. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 64, 55 - 59." type="journal article" year="2002">
Mitchell 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F7EA834EFE601D0B" box="[385,435,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F4608350FD231D0B" author="Mitchell" box="[523,752,1550,1575]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Mitchell, A. J., Overstreet, R. M., Goodwin, A. E. &amp; Brandt, T. M. (2005) Spread of an exotic fish-gill trematode: a far-reaching and complex problem. Fisheries, 30, 11 - 16." type="journal article" year="2005">
Mitchell 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F418834EFD761D0B" box="[627,677,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F4968350FB941D0B" author="Tolley-Jordan" box="[765,1095,1550,1574]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Tolley-Jordan, L. R. &amp; Owen, J. M. (2008) Habitat influences snail community structure and trematode infection levels in a springfed river, Texas, USA. Hydrobiologia, 600, 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2008">Tolley-Jordan &amp; Owen 2008</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F2378350FB1C1D0B" box="[1116,1231,1550,1574]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F2B58350FED21D67" author="Hernandez" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Hernandez, L. E, Diaz, M. T. &amp; Bashirullah, A. (2003) Description of different developmental stages of Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924) (Digenea: Heterophyidae). Revista Cientifica, 13, 285 - 292." type="journal article" year="2003">
Hernández 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F309834EFA461D0B" box="[1378,1429,1550,1575]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F77F836DFE921D67" box="[276,321,1587,1610]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F724836CFDE81D67" author="Farahnak" box="[335,571,1586,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Farahnak, A., Setodeh, S. &amp; Moebedi, I. (2005) A faunistic survey of cercariae isolated from Melanoides tuberculata and their role in transmission diseases. Archives of Razi Institute, 59, 113 - 119." type="journal article" year="2005">
Farahnak 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F7AB836AFE221D66" box="[448,497,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F425836CFD6F1D67" box="[590,700,1586,1610]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Colombia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F4A1836CFC6C1D67" author="Velasquez" box="[714,959,1586,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Velasquez, L. E., Bedoya, J. C., Areiza, A. &amp; Velez, I. (2006) Primer registro de Centrocestus formosanus (Digenea: Heterophydae) en Colombia. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 77, 119 - 121." type="journal article" year="2006">
Velasquez 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F52E836AFCA51D66" box="[837,886,1587,1611]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 2006
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F5A0836DFB2A1D67" author="Vergara" box="[971,1273,1586,1611]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Vergara, D. &amp; Velasquez, L. E. (2009) Larval stages of Digenea from Melanoides tuberculata (Gastropoda: Thiaridae) in Medellin, Colombia. Acta Biologica Colombiana, 14, 135 - 142." type="journal article" year="2009">Vergara &amp; Velásquez 2009</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F367836CFA831D67" box="[1292,1360,1586,1610]" name="Brazil" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F334836CFEBE1D43" author="Pinto" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Pinto, H. A. &amp; Melo, A. L. (2010 a) Melanoides tuberculata (Mollusca: Thiaridae) as an intermediate host of Centrocestus formosanus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in Brazil. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de Sao Paulo, 52, 207 - 210." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="a">Pinto &amp; Melo 2010a</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69829D872F6FC8324FBF91DBF" blockId="2.[151,1436,1370,1683]" box="[151,1066,1658,1683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
* (
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F6D88324FEB21DBF" author="Nishigori" box="[179,353,1658,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Nishigori, M. (1924) On a new species of fluke, Stamnosoma formosanum, and its life history. Taiwan Igakkai Zasshi, 234, 181 - 238." type="journal article" year="1924">Nishigori 1924</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F7078324FDF11DBF" author="Kurokawa" box="[364,546,1658,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Kurokawa, T. (1935) On a new trematode of genus Stamnosoma proved from a man. Tokyo Iji Shinji, 2915, 293 - 298." type="journal article" year="1935">Kurokawa 1935</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F4468324FD7A1DBF" author="Chen" box="[557,681,1658,1682]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Chen, H. T. (1942) The metacercariae and adult of Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924) with notes on the natural infectiom of rats and cats with C. armatus (Tanabe, 1922). Journal of Parasitology, 28, 285 - 298." type="journal article" year="1942">Chen 1942</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F4DE8324FCA21DBF" author="Chen" box="[693,881,1658,1683]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Chen, Y. Z., Xu, X. L., Chen, B. J., Guo, Z. F., Zhen, H. Y. &amp; Lin, S. S. (1991) First report on human infection of Centrocestus formosanus (in Fujian). Chinese Journal of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, 9, 273." type="journal article" year="1991">
Chen 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F4938322FCFA1DBE" box="[760,809,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 1991
</bibRefCitation>
, Yu 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F5C88322FC001DBE" box="[931,979,1659,1683]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 1994).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69829D872F6FC839DFD8A1DF7" blockId="2.[151,887,1730,1791]" box="[151,601,1730,1755]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759829D872F6FC839DFD8A1DF7" ID-CoL="83881b9c-f255-4240-bf43-ec2a6f82bda1" authority="Saad, 1994" authorityName="Saad" authorityYear="1994" box="[151,601,1730,1755]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Centrocestus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="unequiorchalis">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F6FC839DFE051DF6" box="[151,470,1731,1755]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Centrocestus unequiorchalis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F7B6839CFD8A1DF7" author="Saad" box="[477,601,1730,1754]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Saad, A. I. (1994) The life cycle of Centrocestus unequiorchalis n. sp. (Heterophyidae: Centrocestinae). Journal of the Islamic Academy of Sciences, 7, 193 - 198." type="journal article" year="1994">Saad, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69829D872F6FC83B8FCA41DD3" blockId="2.[151,887,1730,1791]" box="[151,887,1766,1791]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
Parapleurolophocercous; birds and mammals; 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F4F583B9FD321DD2" box="[670,737,1767,1791]" name="Egypt" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F49B83B8FCB81DD3" author="Saad" box="[752,875,1766,1790]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Saad, A. I. (1994) The life cycle of Centrocestus unequiorchalis n. sp. (Heterophyidae: Centrocestinae). Journal of the Islamic Academy of Sciences, 7, 193 - 198." type="journal article" year="1994">Saad 1994</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69829D872F6FC8270FD491C6B" blockId="2.[151,1182,1838,1899]" box="[151,666,1838,1862]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759829D872F6FC8270FD491C6B" ID-CoL="41ca0d2a-51f5-4bab-bae0-12caad4c6eb4" authority="Sonsino, 1896" authorityName="Sonsino" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,666,1838,1862]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Haplorchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pleurolophocerca">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F6FC8270FE331C6B" box="[151,480,1838,1862]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Haplorchis pleurolophocerca</emphasis>
(Sonsino, 1896)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69829D872F6FC820CFB4D1C47" blockId="2.[151,1182,1838,1899]" box="[151,1182,1874,1899]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
Parapleurolophocercous; birds and mammals; 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F4F5820DFD321C46" box="[670,737,1875,1899]" name="Egypt" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F484820CFC2E1C47" author="Faust" box="[751,1021,1874,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Faust, E. C. &amp; Nishigori, M. (1926) The life cycles of two new species of Heterophyidae, parasitic in mammals and birds. Journal of Parasitology, 13, 91 - 128." type="journal article" year="1926">Faust &amp; Nishigori 1926</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F262820CFB411C47" author="Khalil" box="[1033,1170,1874,1898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Khalil, M. (1932) The life history of a heterophyid parasite in Egypt. Comptes Rendus des Congres Internationale de Medecine Tropicale et d'Hygiene, 4, 137 - 146." type="journal article" year="1932">Khalil 1932</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69829D872F6FC82C5FDC01C9F" blockId="2.[151,1436,1946,2007]" box="[151,531,1946,1971]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759829D872F6FC82C5FDC01C9F" ID-CoL="6LCW3" authority="Looss, 1896" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,531,1946,1971]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Haplorchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="pumilio">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F6FC82C5FEA31C9E" box="[151,368,1947,1971]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Haplorchis pumilio</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F71482C4FDD81C9F" author="Looss" box="[383,523,1946,1970]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Looss, A. (1896) Recherches sur la faune parasitaire de l'Egypt. I. Memoires de l'Institut Egyptien, 3, 1 - 252." type="journal article" year="1896">Looss, 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69829D873F6FC82E0FCD71A12" blockId="2.[151,1436,1946,2007]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,356]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">
Parapleurolophocercous; birds and mammals; 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F4CC82E0FD391CFB" box="[679,746,1982,2006]" name="China" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F49082E0FCAA1CFB" author="Shen" box="[763,889,1982,2006]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Shen, W. X. (1959) Notes on the morphology and life history of Haplorchis pumilio (Trematoda: Heterophyidae). Acta Zoologia Sinica, 11, 470 - 481." type="journal article" year="1959">Shen 1959</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F5ED82E0FB9B1CFB" author="Chao" box="[902,1096,1982,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Chao, D., Wang, L. &amp; Huang, T. (1993) Prevalence of larval helminths in freshwater snails of the Kinmen Islands. Journal of Helminthology, 67, 259 - 264." type="journal article" year="1993">
Chao 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F5A0829EFC2E1CFB" box="[971,1021,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 1993
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079829D872F23D82E1FAF31CFB" author="Wang" box="[1110,1312,1982,2007]" pageId="2" pageNumber="17" refString="Wang, J. J., Chung, L. Y., Lee, J. D., Chang, E. E., Chen, E. R., Chao, D. &amp; Yen, C. M. (2002) Haplorchis infections in intermediate hosts from a clonorchiasis endemic area in Meinung, Taiwan, Republic of China. Journal of Helminthology, 76, 186 - 188." type="journal article" year="2002">
Wang 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49829D872F2CB829EFB001CFB" box="[1184,1235,1982,2007]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">et al</emphasis>
. 2002
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669829D872F35E82E0FA4F1CFB" box="[1333,1436,1982,2006]" name="Malaysia" pageId="2" pageNumber="17">Malaysia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F6A785C9FE021B82" author="Ow-Yang" box="[204,465,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Ow-Yang, C. K. &amp; Yen, K. F. (1975) Some heterophyid cercariae from the freshwater snail, Melanoides tuberculatus. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 6, 454." type="journal article" year="1975">Ow-Yang &amp; Yen 1975</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F78C85C6FDF91B9D" box="[487,554,152,176]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F45185C9FD151B82" author="Khalil" box="[570,710,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Khalil, M. (1932) The life history of a heterophyid parasite in Egypt. Comptes Rendus des Congres Internationale de Medecine Tropicale et d'Hygiene, 4, 137 - 146." type="journal article" year="1932">Khalil 1932</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F4B885C9FC7D1B82" author="Khalifa" box="[723,942,151,176]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Khalifa, R., El-Naffer, M. K. &amp; Arafa, M. S. (1977) Studies on heterophyid cercariae from Assiut province, Egypt. I. Notes on the life cycle of Haplorchis pumilio (Looss, 1896) with a discussion on previously described species. Acta Parasitologica Polonica, 25, 25 - 38." type="journal article" year="1977">
Khalifa 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F55B85C7FCB11B9D" box="[816,866,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1977
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F5D085C9FB4A1B82" author="Saad" box="[955,1177,151,175]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Saad, A. I. &amp; Abed, G. H. (1995) Studies on the life cycle of Haplorchis pumilio (Looss, 1896) Looss, 1899 with morphological redescription of larval and adult stages. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 25, 795 - 806." type="journal article" year="1995">Saad &amp; Abed 1995</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F2DB85C6FB2A1B9D" box="[1200,1273,152,176]" name="Kenya" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Kenya</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F36285C9FED21BF9" author="Sommerville" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Sommerville, C. (1982) The life history of Haplorchis pumilio (Looss, 1896) from cultured tilapias. Journal of Fish Diseases, 5, 223 - 241." type="journal article" year="1982">Sommerville 1982</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F77E85E2FE9C1BF9" box="[277,335,188,212]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F73585E2FD721BF9" author="Dhanumkumari" box="[350,673,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Dhanumkumari, C., Rao, K. H. &amp; Shyamasundari, K. (1991 c) Two species of heterophyid larval digeneans from a thiarid gastropod Thiara tuberculata (Muller) from India. Boletin Chileno de Parasitologia, 46, 14 - 18." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="c">
Dhanumkumari 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F47385E3FD991BF9" box="[536,586,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1991c
</bibRefCitation>
; Madhavi 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F57285E3FC9F1BF9" box="[793,844,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1997; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F5C985E2FB041BF9" author="Umadevi" box="[930,1239,188,212]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Umadevi, K. &amp; Madhavi, R. (2006) The life cycle of Haplorchis pumilio (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the Indian region. Journal of Helminthology, 80, 327 - 332." type="journal article" year="2006">Umadevi &amp; Madhavi 2006</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F28885E2FED21BDA" author="Dechruksa" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Dechruksa, W., Krailas, D., Ukong, S., Inkapatanakul, W. &amp; Koonchornboon, T. (2007) Trematode infections of freshwater snail family Thiaridae in the Khek River, Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 38, 1016 - 1028." type="journal article" year="2007">
Dechruksa 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F30885E3FA461BF9" box="[1379,1429,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F77C8581FEBA1BDA" box="[279,361,223,247]" name="Taiwan" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F7118581FD931BDA" author="Lo" box="[378,576,223,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Lo, C. T. &amp; Lee, K. M. (1996 a) Infectivity of the cercariae of Centrocestus formosanus and Haplorchis pumilio (Digenea: Heterophyidae) in Cyprinus carpio. Zoological Studies, 35, 305 - 309." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="a">Lo &amp; Lee 1996a</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F4268581FD8E1BDA" author="Lo" box="[589,605,223,247]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Lo, C. T. &amp; Lee, K. M. (1996 b) Pattern of emergence, and the effects of temperature and light on the emergence and survival of heterophyid cercariae (Centrocestus formosanus and Haplorchis pumilio). Journal of Parasitology, 82, 347 - 350." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">b</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F41E8581FD181BDA" box="[629,715,223,247]" name="Mexico" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Mexico</collectingCountry>
(Scholz 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F55F85BFFCBB1BD5" box="[820,872,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2000; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F5A98581FB4A1BDA" author="Scholz" box="[962,1177,223,248]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Scholz, T., Aguirre-Macedo, M. L. &amp; Salgado-Maldonado, G. (2001) Trematodes of the family Heterophyidae (Digenea) in Mexico: a review of species and new host and geographical records. Journal of Natural History, 35, 1733 - 1772." type="journal article" year="2001">
Scholz 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F27385BFFB9F1BD5" box="[1048,1100,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2001
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F2C485BEFB0F1BDA" box="[1199,1244,224,247]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F2868581FED21A31" author="Farahnak" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Farahnak, A., Setodeh, S. &amp; Moebedi, I. (2005) A faunistic survey of cercariae isolated from Melanoides tuberculata and their role in transmission diseases. Archives of Razi Institute, 59, 113 - 119." type="journal article" year="2005">
Farahnak 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F30A85BFFA461BD5" box="[1377,1429,224,248]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F77E845AFEAB1A31" box="[277,376,260,284]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F7E3845AFD5B1A31" author="Dechruksa" box="[392,648,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Dechruksa, W., Krailas, D., Ukong, S., Inkapatanakul, W. &amp; Koonchornboon, T. (2007) Trematode infections of freshwater snail family Thiaridae in the Khek River, Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 38, 1016 - 1028." type="journal article" year="2007">
Dechruksa 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F461845BFDEE1A31" box="[522,573,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F4F7845AFCE01A31" box="[668,819,260,284]" name="United States of America" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">United States</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F529845AFB5E1A31" author="Tolley-Jordan" box="[834,1165,260,284]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Tolley-Jordan, L. R. &amp; Owen, J. M. (2008) Habitat influences snail community structure and trematode infection levels in a springfed river, Texas, USA. Hydrobiologia, 600, 29 - 40." type="journal article" year="2008">Tolley-Jordan &amp; Owen 2008</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F2CA845AFAC71A31" box="[1185,1300,260,284]" name="Venezuela" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F34F845AFED21A12" author="Diaz" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Diaz, M. T, Hernandez, L. E. &amp; Bashirullah, A. K. (2008) Studies on the life cycle of Haplorchis pumilio (Looss, 1896) (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in Venezuela. Revista Cientifica, 18, 35 - 42." type="journal article" year="2008">
Díaz 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F308845BFA461A31" box="[1379,1429,260,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2008
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F77F8479FEA01A12" box="[276,371,295,319]" name="Vietnam" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F7E98479FDEC1A12" author="Skov" box="[386,575,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Skov, J., Kania, P. W., Dalsgaard, A., Jorgensen, T. R. &amp; Buchmann, K. (2009) Life cycle stages of heterophyid trematodes in Vietnamese freshwater fishes traced by molecular and morphometric methods. Veterinary Parasitology, 160, 66 - 75." type="journal article" year="2009">
Skov 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F7AF8477FE271A6D" box="[452,500,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F4218476FD2B1A12" author="Van" box="[586,760,295,320]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Van, K. V., Dalsgaard, A., Blair, D. &amp; Le, T. H. (2009) Haplorchis pumilio and H. taichui in Vietnam discriminated using ITS- 2 DNA sequence data from adults and larvae, Experimental Parasitology, 123, 146 - 151." type="journal article" year="2009">
Van 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F4178477FD671A6D" box="[636,692,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al.</emphasis>
2009
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC8412FE6F1A49" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,356]" box="[151,444,332,356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
* (
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F6D88412FE7C1A49" author="Radomyos" box="[179,431,332,356]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Radomyos, P., Bunnag, D. &amp; Harinasuta, T. (1983) Haplorchis pumilio (Looss) infection in man in northeastern Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 14, 223 - 227." type="journal article" year="1983">
Radomyos 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F75F8413FEB61A49" box="[308,357,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1983
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC84CAFDE11A81" blockId="3.[151,1436,404,572]" box="[151,562,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759828D873F6FC84CAFDE11A81" ID-CoL="3JP8H" authority="Nishigori, 1924" authorityName="Nishigori" authorityYear="1924" box="[151,562,404,428]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Haplorchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="taichui">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F6FC84CAFEBA1A81" box="[151,361,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Haplorchis taichui</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F71C84CAFDF91A81" author="Nishigori" box="[375,554,404,428]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Nishigori, M. (1924) On a new species of fluke, Stamnosoma formosanum, and its life history. Taiwan Igakkai Zasshi, 234, 181 - 238." type="journal article" year="1924">Nishigori, 1924</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC84E9FD661911" blockId="3.[151,1436,404,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
Parapleurolophocercous; birds and mammals; 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F4DF84E9FD3E1AE2" box="[692,749,439,463]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F56A84E9FB831AE2" author="Dhanumkumari" box="[769,1104,439,464]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Dhanumkumari, C., Rao, K. H. &amp; Shyamasundari, K. (1991 c) Two species of heterophyid larval digeneans from a thiarid gastropod Thiara tuberculata (Muller) from India. Boletin Chileno de Parasitologia, 46, 14 - 18." type="journal article" year="1991" yearSuffix="c">
Dhanumkumari 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F5D484E7FC261AFD" box="[959,1013,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1991c
</bibRefCitation>
; Madhavi 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F2BA84E7FAD41AFD" box="[1233,1287,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1997), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F30484E6FA4F1AE2" box="[1391,1436,440,463]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F6BB8482FE6F1AD9" author="Farahnak" box="[208,444,476,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Farahnak, A., Setodeh, S. &amp; Moebedi, I. (2005) A faunistic survey of cercariae isolated from Melanoides tuberculata and their role in transmission diseases. Archives of Razi Institute, 59, 113 - 119." type="journal article" year="2005">
Farahnak 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F72A8483FEA11AD9" box="[321,370,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F7BB8482FD9B1AD9" box="[464,584,476,500]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Thailândia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F43D8482FC7F1AD9" author="Chuboon" box="[598,940,476,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Chuboon, S. &amp; Wongsawad, C. (2009) Molecular identification of larval trematode in intermediate hosts from Chiang Mai, Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 40, 1216 - 1220." type="journal article" year="2009">Chuboon &amp; Wongsawad 2009</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F5D38482FA891AD9" author="Chontananarth" box="[952,1370,476,500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Chontananarth, T. &amp; Wongsawad, C. (2010 b) Prevalence of Haplorchis taichui in field-collected snails: a molecular approach. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 48, 343 - 346." type="journal article" year="2010" yearSuffix="b">Chontananarth &amp; Wongsawad 2010b</bibRefCitation>
). * (
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F6D884A1FE4F193A" author="Manning" box="[179,412,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Manning, G. S., Lertprasert, P., Watanasirmkit, K. &amp; Chetty, C. (1971) A description of newly discovered intestinal parasites endemic to northeastern Thailand. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 54, 466 - 475." type="journal article" year="1971">
Manning 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F749875FFE801935" box="[290,339,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1971
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F7C384A1FD41193A" author="Belizario" box="[424,658,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Belizario, V. Y., Leon, W. U., Bersabe, M. J. J., Baird, J. K. &amp; Bangs, M. J. (2004) A focus of human infection by Haplorchis taichui (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in the southern Philippines. Journal of Parasitology, 90, 1165 - 1169." type="journal article" year="2004">
Belizário 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F47D875FFD9B1935" box="[534,584,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2004
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F4F784A1FC71193A" author="Sukontason" box="[668,930,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Sukontason, K., Unpunyo, P., Sukontason, K. L. &amp; Piangjai, S. (2005) Evidence of Haplorchis taichui infection as pathogenic parasite: three case reports. Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 37, 388 - 390." type="journal article" year="2005">
Sukontason 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F54D875FFC8B1935" box="[806,856,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F5C684A1FB4B193A" author="Sayasone" box="[941,1176,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Sayasone, S., Tesana, S., Utzinger, J., Hatz, C., Akkhavong, K. &amp; Odermatt, P. (2009) Rare human infection with the trematode Echinochasmus japonicus in Lao PDR. Parasitology International, 58, 106 - 109." type="journal article" year="2009">
Sayasone 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F275875FFB9C1935" box="[1054,1103,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F2CF84A1FA88193A" author="Chai" box="[1188,1371,511,536]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Chai, J. Y., Han, E. T., Shin, E. H., Sohn, W. M., Yong, T. S., Eom, K. S., Min, D. Y., Um, J. Y., Park, M. S., Hoang, E. H., Phommasack, B., Insisiengmay, B., Lee, S. H. &amp; Rim, H. J. (2009) High prevalence of Haplorchis taichui, Phaneropsolus molenkampi, and other helminth infections among people in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 47, 243 - 247." type="journal article" year="2009">
Chai 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F28B875FFAC11935" box="[1248,1298,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F30C84A1FE901911" author="Chai" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Chai, J. Y., Yong, T. S., Eom, K. S., Min, D. Y., Shin, E. H., Banouvong, V., Insisiengmay, B., Insisiengmay, S., Phommasack, B. &amp; Rim, H. J. (2010) Prevalence of the intestinal flukes Haplorchis taichui and H. yokogawai in a mountainous area of Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 48, 339 - 342" type="journal article" year="2010">
Chai 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F6A2877BFF2A1911" box="[201,249,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F725877AFD7A1911" author="Watthanakulpanich" box="[334,681,548,572]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Watthanakulpanich, D., Waikagul, J., Maipanich, W., Nuamtanong, S., Sanguankiat, S., Pubampen, S., Praevanit, R., Mongkhonmu, S. &amp; Nawa, Y. (2010) Haplorchis taichui as a possible etiologic agent of irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 48, 225 - 229." type="journal article" year="2010">
Watthanakulpanich 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F446877BFD8E1911" box="[557,605,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC8732FD9A19A9" blockId="3.[151,1131,620,716]" box="[151,585,620,644]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759828D873F6FC8732FD9A19A9" ID-CoL="3JP8K" authority="Katsuta, 1932" authorityName="Katsuta" authorityYear="1932" box="[151,585,620,644]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Haplorchis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="yokogawai">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F6FC8732FE4719A9" box="[151,404,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Haplorchis yokogawai</emphasis>
(Katsuta, 1932)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC87D1FCE219E1" blockId="3.[151,1131,620,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
Parapleurolophocercous; mammals; 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F45B87D1FD40198A" box="[560,659,655,679]" name="Thailand" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Thailand</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F4C987D1FC59198A" author="Manning" box="[674,906,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Manning, G. S., Lertprasert, P., Watanasirmkit, K. &amp; Chetty, C. (1971) A description of newly discovered intestinal parasites endemic to northeastern Thailand. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 54, 466 - 475." type="journal article" year="1971">
Manning 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F57B87CFFC921985" box="[784,833,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1971
</bibRefCitation>
), (
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F5CD87D1FB8C198A" author="Chai" box="[934,1119,655,680]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Chai, J. Y., Murrell, K. D. &amp; Lymbery, A. J. (2005) Fish-borne parasitic zoonoses: status and issues. International Journal for Parasitology, 35, 1233 - 1254." type="journal article" year="2005">
Chai 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F58887CFFBC71985" box="[995,1044,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
). * (
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F6D887EAFE7319E1" author="Sayasone" box="[179,416,692,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Sayasone, S., Tesana, S., Utzinger, J., Hatz, C., Akkhavong, K. &amp; Odermatt, P. (2009) Rare human infection with the trematode Echinochasmus japonicus in Lao PDR. Parasitology International, 58, 106 - 109." type="journal article" year="2009">
Sayasone 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F74D87EBFE8419E1" box="[294,343,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F7C787EAFDB119E1" author="Chai" box="[428,610,692,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Chai, J. Y., Han, E. T., Shin, E. H., Sohn, W. M., Yong, T. S., Eom, K. S., Min, D. Y., Um, J. Y., Park, M. S., Hoang, E. H., Phommasack, B., Insisiengmay, B., Lee, S. H. &amp; Rim, H. J. (2009) High prevalence of Haplorchis taichui, Phaneropsolus molenkampi, and other helminth infections among people in Khammouane Province, Lao PDR. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 47, 243 - 247." type="journal article" year="2009">
Chai 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F78C87EBFDCA19E1" box="[487,537,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F40687EAFCF619E1" author="Chai" box="[621,805,692,716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Chai, J. Y., Yong, T. S., Eom, K. S., Min, D. Y., Shin, E. H., Banouvong, V., Insisiengmay, B., Insisiengmay, S., Phommasack, B. &amp; Rim, H. J. (2010) Prevalence of the intestinal flukes Haplorchis taichui and H. yokogawai in a mountainous area of Phongsaly Province, Lao PDR. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 48, 339 - 342" type="journal article" year="2010">
Chai 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F4C287EBFD0A19E1" box="[681,729,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2010
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC87A2FD831839" blockId="3.[151,738,764,824]" box="[151,592,764,788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759828D873F6FC87A2FD831839" ID-CoL="3JP8N" authority="Looss, 1896" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1896" box="[151,592,764,788]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Haplorchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cahirinus">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F6FC87A2FE7E1839" box="[151,429,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Haplorchoides cahirinus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F7D787A2FD941839" author="Looss" box="[444,583,764,788]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Looss, A. (1896) Recherches sur la faune parasitaire de l'Egypt. I. Memoires de l'Institut Egyptien, 3, 1 - 252." type="journal article" year="1896">Looss, 1896</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC8641FD31181A" blockId="3.[151,738,764,824]" box="[151,738,799,824]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
Pleurolophocercous; fishes; 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F7BF867EFDC41815" box="[468,535,800,824]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F44E8641FD06181A" author="El-Naffar" box="[549,725,799,823]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="El-Naffar, M. K. (1980) Studies on heterophyid cercariae from Assuit province, Egypt. II The life cycle of Haplorchoides cahirinus (Looss, 1896). Journal of Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 10, 117 - 125." type="journal article" year="1980">El-Naffar 1980</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC8636FD701852" blockId="3.[151,1108,871,932]" box="[151,675,871,896]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759828D873F6FC8636FD701852" ID-CoL="3JP8T" authority="Pande &amp; Shunkla, 1977" authorityName="Pande &amp; Shunkla" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,675,871,896]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Haplorchoides" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="mehrai">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F6FC8636FE4118AD" box="[151,402,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Haplorchoides mehrai</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F7F28639FD701852" author="Pande" box="[409,675,871,895]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Pandey, K. C. &amp; Agrawal, N. (1977) Studies on cercarial fauna of Kathauta Tal, Lucknow. Indian Journal of Zoology, 18, 1 - 50." type="journal article" year="1977">Pande &amp; Shunkla, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC86D2FB871889" blockId="3.[151,1108,871,932]" box="[151,1108,908,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
Pleurolophocercous; fishes; 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F7BF86D2FDDE1889" box="[468,525,908,932]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">India</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F47786D2FC851889" author="Shameem" box="[540,854,908,932]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Shameem, U. &amp; Madhavi, R. (1988) The morphology, life-history and systematic position of Haplorchoides mehrai Pande &amp; Shukla, 1976 (Trematoda: Heterophyidae). Systematic Parasitology, 11, 73 - 83." type="journal article" year="1988">Shameem &amp; Madhavi 1988</bibRefCitation>
; Madhavi 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F5A786D3FC2E1889" box="[972,1021,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1997).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC868AFDB518C1" blockId="3.[151,900,980,1076]" box="[151,614,980,1004]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759828D873F6FC868AFDB518C1" ID-CoL="3LC2C" authority="Siebold, 1852" authorityName="Siebold" authorityYear="1852" box="[151,614,980,1004]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Heterophyes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="heterophyes">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F6FC868AFE6318C1" box="[151,432,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Heterophyes heterophyes</emphasis>
(Siebold, 1852)
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC86A9FDE51F19" blockId="3.[151,900,980,1076]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
Parapleurolophocercous; mammals; (
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F45C86A9FD101F22" author="Malek" box="[567,707,1015,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Malek, E. A. (1980) Snail Transmitted Parasitic Diseases. Volume 2. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 324 pp." type="book" year="1980">Malek 1980</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F4A586A9FCAF1F22" author="Plotnikov" box="[718,892,1015,1039]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Plotnikov, N. N. (2003) Heterophyiasis. In: Kassirsky, I. A &amp; Plotnikov, N. N. (Eds), Diseases of Warm Lands: a Clinical Manual. Lightning Source Inc., London, pp. 291 - 293." type="book chapter" year="2003">Plotnikov 2003</bibRefCitation>
) * (
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F6D88142FEB81F19" author="Chai" box="[179,363,1052,1076]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Chai, J. Y., Seo, B. S., Lee, S. H., Hong, S. J. &amp; Sohn, W. M. (1986) Human infection by Heterophyes heterophyes and H. dispar imported from Saudi Arabia. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 24, 82 - 88." type="journal article" year="1986">
Chai 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F69A8143FEF11F19" box="[241,290,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1986
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F71C8142FDF91F19" author="Pica" box="[375,554,1052,1076]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Pica, R., Castellano, C., Cilia, C. &amp; Errico, F. P. (2003) Intestinal fluke infections: the heterophyids. Clinica Terapeutica, 154, 61 - 63." type="journal article" year="2003">
Pica 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F7C58143FE0D1F19" box="[430,478,1052,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2003
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC813BFE0E1F51" blockId="3.[151,715,1124,1183]" box="[151,477,1124,1148]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759828D873F6FC813BFE0E1F51" ID-CoL="84CJ9" authority="Hsu, 1950" authorityName="Hsu" authorityYear="1950" box="[151,477,1124,1148]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Procerovum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="cheni">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F6FC813BFEB01F51" box="[151,355,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Procerovum cheni</emphasis>
Hsu, 1950
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC81D9FD181FB2" blockId="3.[151,715,1124,1183]" box="[151,715,1159,1183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
Parapleurolophocercous; birds; 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F79081D9FDED1FB2" box="[507,574,1159,1183]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F42781D9FD6D1FB2" author="Hsu" box="[588,702,1159,1183]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Hsu, P. K. (1951) A comparative study of the early larval stages of some heterophyid trematodes belonging to the genera Haplorchis and Procerovum (Trematoda: Heterophyidae). Lingnan Science Journal, 23, 235 - 256." type="journal article" year="1951">Hsu 1951</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC818FFDB01FCA" blockId="3.[151,1367,1231,1292]" box="[151,611,1231,1256]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759828D873F6FC818FFDB01FCA" ID-CoL="4MN3K" authority="Onji &amp; Nishio, 1916" authorityName="Onji &amp; Nishio" authorityYear="1916" box="[151,611,1231,1256]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Procerovum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="varium">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F6FC818FFEA61FC5" box="[151,373,1233,1256]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Procerovum varium</emphasis>
Onji &amp; Nishio, 1916
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC81AAFA841E21" blockId="3.[151,1367,1231,1292]" box="[151,1367,1268,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
Parapleurolophocercous; birds; 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F79081AAFDED1E21" box="[507,574,1268,1292]" name="China" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">China</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F42681AAFD6E1E21" author="Hsu" box="[589,701,1268,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Hsu, P. K. (1951) A comparative study of the early larval stages of some heterophyid trematodes belonging to the genera Haplorchis and Procerovum (Trematoda: Heterophyidae). Lingnan Science Journal, 23, 235 - 256." type="journal article" year="1951">Hsu 1951</bibRefCitation>
), 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F4B981AAFCDF1E21" box="[722,780,1268,1292]" name="India" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">India</collectingCountry>
(Madhavi 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F5ED81ABFC641E21" box="[902,951,1268,1292]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
., 1997; 
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F27981AAFA981E21" author="Umadevi" box="[1042,1355,1268,1292]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Umadevi, K. &amp; Madhavi, R. (2000) Observations on the morphology and life-cycle of Procerovum varium (Onji &amp; Nishio, 1916) (Trematoda: Heterophyidae). Systematic Parasitology, 46, 215 - 225." type="journal article" year="2000">Umadevi &amp; Madhavi, 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC8062FE2E1E79" blockId="3.[151,827,1340,1401]" box="[151,509,1340,1364]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759828D873F6FC8062FE2E1E79" ID-CoL="792NB" authority="Looss, 1907" authorityName="Looss" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,509,1340,1364]" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Pygidiopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="genata">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F6FC8062FEBF1E79" box="[151,364,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Pygidiopsis genata</emphasis>
Looss, 1907
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC8001FCE81E5A" blockId="3.[151,827,1340,1401]" box="[151,827,1375,1401]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
Pleurolophocercous; mammals; 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F46B803FFD901E54" box="[512,579,1377,1401]" name="Egypt" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Egypt</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F43A8001FCFC1E5A" author="Youssef" box="[593,815,1375,1400]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Youssef, M. M., Mansour, N. S., Hammouda, N. A., Awadalla, H. N., Khalifa, R. &amp; Boulos, L. M. (1987) Studies on some developmental stages in the life cycle of Pygidiopsis genata Looss, 1907 (Trematoda: Heterophidae) from Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 17, 463 - 474." type="journal article" year="1987">
Youssef 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F4D8803FFD301E55" box="[691,739,1376,1400]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 1987
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="731336F69828D873F6FC80F6FE901D2A" blockId="3.[151,930,1447,1543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">
<taxonomicName id="B4AC4D759828D873F6FC80F6FEAA1EC9" ID-CoL="4ZR83" authority="Onji &amp; Nishio, 1915 Pleurolophocercous" authorityName="Onji &amp; Nishio, 1915 Pleurolophocercous" class="Trematoda" family="Heterophyidae" genus="Stellantchasmus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Plagiorchiida" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="falcatus">
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F6FC80F6FE7F1EED" box="[151,428,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Stellantchasmus falcatus</emphasis>
Onji &amp; Nishio, 1915 Pleurolophocercous
</taxonomicName>
; birds and mammals; 
<collectingCountry id="0BBB76669828D873F4058093FD481EC9" box="[622,667,1485,1508]" name="Iran" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">Iran</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F4C18092FC441EC9" author="Farahnak" box="[682,919,1484,1508]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Farahnak, A., Setodeh, S. &amp; Moebedi, I. (2005) A faunistic survey of cercariae isolated from Melanoides tuberculata and their role in transmission diseases. Archives of Razi Institute, 59, 113 - 119." type="journal article" year="2005">
Farahnak 
<emphasis id="41D8EAE49828D873F5708093FC9F1EC9" box="[795,844,1484,1508]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="18">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
). * (
<bibRefCitation id="173D4B079828D873F6D880B1FEE41D2A" author="Hong" box="[179,311,1519,1543]" pageId="3" pageNumber="18" refString="Hong, S. J. (2000) A human case of Stellantchasmus falcatus infection in Korea. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 38, 25 - 27." type="journal article" year="2000">Hong 2000</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>